WO2022219846A1 - 固体電解質材料およびそれを用いた電池 - Google Patents
固体電解質材料およびそれを用いた電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022219846A1 WO2022219846A1 PCT/JP2021/046671 JP2021046671W WO2022219846A1 WO 2022219846 A1 WO2022219846 A1 WO 2022219846A1 JP 2021046671 W JP2021046671 W JP 2021046671W WO 2022219846 A1 WO2022219846 A1 WO 2022219846A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solid electrolyte
- electrolyte material
- positive electrode
- battery
- negative electrode
- Prior art date
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- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 17
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- -1 transition metal sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 6
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/30—Compounds containing rare earth metals and at least one element other than a rare earth metal, oxygen or hydrogen, e.g. La4S3Br6
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to solid electrolyte materials and batteries using the same.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte material composed of Li, La, O, and X, and an all-solid-state battery using these materials.
- X is at least one element from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a solid electrolyte material suitable for improving lithium ion conductivity.
- the solid electrolyte material of the present disclosure consists of Li, La, O, and I.
- the present disclosure provides a solid electrolyte material suitable for improving lithium ion conductivity.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a battery 1000 according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an electrode material 1100 according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a pressure forming die 300 used to evaluate the ionic conductivity of solid electrolyte materials.
- 4 is a graph showing a Cole-Cole plot obtained by impedance measurement of the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing initial charge/discharge characteristics of the battery according to Example 1.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment consists of Li, La, O and I.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is a solid electrolyte material suitable for improving lithium ion conductivity.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may for example have a practical lithium ion conductivity, for example a high lithium ion conductivity.
- the high lithium ion conductivity is, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S/cm or more near room temperature (eg, 25° C.). That is, the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment can have an ionic conductivity of, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S/cm or more.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment can be used to obtain batteries with excellent charge/discharge characteristics.
- An example of such a battery is an all solid state battery.
- the all-solid battery may be a primary battery or a secondary battery.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment does not substantially contain sulfur.
- the fact that the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment does not substantially contain sulfur means that the solid electrolyte material does not contain sulfur as a constituent element except sulfur that is unavoidably mixed as an impurity. In this case, sulfur mixed as an impurity in the solid electrolyte material is, for example, 1 mol % or less.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment does not contain sulfur.
- a sulfur-free solid electrolyte material does not generate hydrogen sulfide even when exposed to the atmosphere, and is therefore excellent in safety.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte disclosed in Patent Document 1 can generate hydrogen sulfide when exposed to the air.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may contain elements that are unavoidably mixed. Examples of such elements are hydrogen or nitrogen. Such elements can be present in the raw powder of the solid electrolyte material or in the atmosphere for manufacturing or storing the solid electrolyte material. In the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment, the elements that are unavoidably mixed as described above are, for example, 1 mol % or less.
- the molar ratio of O (that is, oxygen) to I (that is, iodine) may be less than one.
- Such solid electrolyte materials have high lithium ion conductivity.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may be a material represented by the following compositional formula (1).
- the solid electrolyte material represented by compositional formula (1) has high ionic conductivity.
- the upper and lower limits of the range of a in the composition formula (1) are selected from numerical values of 0.50, 0.60, 0.80, 1.00, 1.20, 1.40, and 2.00 It may be defined by any combination.
- the upper and lower limits of the range of b in the composition formula (1) are selected from numerical values of 1.00, 1.20, 1.27, 1.33, 1.40, 1.47, and 1.50. It may be defined by any combination.
- the composition formula (1) may satisfy 1.0 ⁇ c ⁇ 3.0.
- composition formula (1) may be Li a Lab OI 3.0 .
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may be crystalline or amorphous.
- the shape of the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is not limited. Examples of such shapes are acicular, spherical, or ellipsoidal.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may be particles.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may have the shape of pellets or plates.
- the solid electrolyte material may have a median diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. It may have a median diameter of 5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. Thereby, the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment and other materials can be well dispersed.
- the median diameter of particles means the particle diameter (d50) corresponding to 50% of the cumulative volume in the volume-based particle size distribution.
- a volume-based particle size distribution can be measured by a laser diffraction measurement device or an image analysis device.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment can be produced, for example, by the following method.
- Raw material powder is prepared so that it has the desired composition.
- the Li 2 O raw material powder and the LaI 3 raw material powder are mixed at a molar ratio of 1.0:1.0.
- the raw material powders may be mixed in a pre-adjusted molar ratio so as to compensate for composition changes that may occur during the synthesis process.
- the raw material powders are mechanochemically reacted with each other (that is, using the method of mechanochemical milling) in a mixing device such as a planetary ball mill to obtain a reactant.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is obtained.
- the composition of the solid electrolyte material can be determined, for example, by ICP emission spectrometry, ion chromatography, inert gas fusion-infrared absorption, or EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer).
- ICP emission spectrometry ion chromatography
- inert gas fusion-infrared absorption or EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer).
- the composition of Li and La can be determined by ICP emission spectroscopy
- the composition of I can be determined by ion chromatography
- O can be measured by inert gas fusion-infrared absorption.
- the second embodiment describes a battery using the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
- a battery according to the second embodiment includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer.
- An electrolyte layer is disposed between the positive and negative electrodes.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode, the electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode contains the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
- the battery according to the second embodiment contains the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment, it has excellent charge/discharge characteristics.
- the battery may be an all solid state battery.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a battery 1000 according to the second embodiment.
- a battery 1000 according to the second embodiment includes a positive electrode 201 , an electrolyte layer 202 and a negative electrode 203 .
- Electrolyte layer 202 is disposed between positive electrode 201 and negative electrode 203 .
- the positive electrode 201 contains positive electrode active material particles 204 and solid electrolyte particles 100 .
- the electrolyte layer 202 contains an electrolyte material.
- the electrolyte material is, for example, a solid electrolyte material.
- the negative electrode 203 contains negative electrode active material particles 205 and solid electrolyte particles 100 .
- the solid electrolyte particles 100 contain the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
- the solid electrolyte particles 100 may be particles containing the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment as a main component.
- a particle containing the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment as a main component means a particle in which the component contained in the largest molar ratio is the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
- the solid electrolyte particles 100 may be particles made of the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
- the solid electrolyte particles 100 may have a median diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, or may have a median diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. In this case, the solid electrolyte particles 100 have higher ionic conductivity.
- the positive electrode 201 contains a material capable of intercalating and deintercalating metal ions such as lithium ions.
- the positive electrode 201 contains, for example, a positive electrode active material (eg, positive electrode active material particles 204).
- positive electrode active materials are lithium-containing transition metal oxides, transition metal fluorides, polyanion materials, fluorinated polyanion materials, transition metal sulfides, transition metal oxyfluorides, transition metal oxysulfides, or transition metal oxynitrides.
- lithium-containing transition metal oxides are LiNi1 -dfCodAlfO2 (where 0 ⁇ d , 0 ⁇ f , and 0 ⁇ (d+f) ⁇ 1 ) or LiCoO2.
- lithium phosphate may be used as the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode 201 may contain a transition metal oxyfluoride as a positive electrode active material together with the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment. Even if the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is fluorinated with a transition metal oxyfluoride, it is difficult for a resistance layer to be formed. As a result, the battery 1000 has high charge/discharge efficiency.
- Transition metal oxyfluorides contain oxygen and fluorine.
- the transition metal oxyfluoride may be a compound represented by Li p Me' q O m Fn .
- Me' is Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Al, Cu, V, Nb, Mo, Ti, Cr, Zr, Zn, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Pt, Au, Ag, Ru, W , B, Si, and P, and the formula: 0.5 ⁇ p ⁇ 1.5, 0.5 ⁇ q ⁇ 1.0, 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 2, and 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 1 are satisfied.
- An example of such a transition metal oxyfluoride is Li1.05 ( Ni0.35Co0.35Mn0.3 ) 0.95O1.9F0.1 .
- the positive electrode active material particles 204 may have a median diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. When positive electrode active material particles 204 have a median diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, positive electrode active material particles 204 and solid electrolyte particles 100 can be well dispersed in positive electrode 201 . This improves the charge/discharge characteristics of the battery. When the positive electrode active material particles 204 have a median diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less, the diffusion rate of lithium in the positive electrode active material particles 204 is improved. This allows the battery to operate at high output.
- the positive electrode active material particles 204 may have a larger median diameter than the solid electrolyte particles 100 . Thereby, the positive electrode active material particles 204 and the solid electrolyte particles 100 can be well dispersed.
- the ratio of the volume of the positive electrode active material particles 204 to the sum of the volume of the positive electrode active material particles 204 and the volume of the solid electrolyte particles 100 is 0.30 or more and 0.30. It may be 95 or less.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the electrode material 1100 according to the second embodiment.
- Electrode material 1100 is included in, for example, positive electrode 201 .
- a coating layer 216 may be formed on the surface of the electrode active material particles 206 to prevent the solid electrolyte particles 100 from reacting with the positive electrode active material (that is, the electrode active material particles 206). Thereby, an increase in the reaction overvoltage of the battery can be suppressed.
- coating materials included in coating layer 216 are sulfide solid electrolytes, oxide solid electrolytes, or halide solid electrolytes.
- the coating material may be lithium niobate, which has excellent stability even at high potentials.
- the positive electrode 201 may consist of a first positive electrode layer containing a first positive electrode active material and a second positive electrode layer containing a second positive electrode active material.
- the second cathode layer is disposed between the first cathode layer and the electrolyte layer 202 .
- the first positive electrode layer and the second positive electrode layer may contain the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment, and a coating layer may be formed on the surface of the second positive electrode active material. According to the above configuration, the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment included in the electrolyte layer 202 can be suppressed from being oxidized by the second positive electrode active material. As a result, the battery has a high charge capacity.
- coating materials included in coating layer 216 are sulfide solid electrolytes, oxide solid electrolytes, polymer solid electrolytes, or halide solid electrolytes.
- the first positive electrode active material may be the same material as the second positive electrode active material, or may be a different material from the second positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode 201 may have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the electrolyte layer 202 contains an electrolyte material.
- the electrolyte material is, for example, a solid electrolyte material.
- the electrolyte layer 202 may be a solid electrolyte layer.
- the electrolyte layer 202 may contain the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
- the electrolyte layer 202 may consist only of the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is hereinafter referred to as the first solid electrolyte material.
- a solid electrolyte material different from the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is called a second solid electrolyte material.
- the electrolyte layer 202 may contain a second solid electrolyte material.
- the electrolyte layer 202 may consist of only the second solid electrolyte material.
- the electrolyte layer 202 may contain not only the first solid electrolyte material but also the second solid electrolyte material. In the electrolyte layer 202, the first solid electrolyte material and the second solid electrolyte material may be uniformly dispersed.
- the electrolyte layer 202 may have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. When the electrolyte layer 202 has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more, the short circuit between the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203 is less likely to occur. If the electrolyte layer 202 has a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less, the battery can operate at high power.
- electrolyte layer 202 may be further provided between the electrolyte layer 202 and the negative electrode 203 .
- the second electrolyte layer may be composed of another solid electrolyte material that is more electrochemically stable than the first solid electrolyte material.
- the reduction potential of the solid electrolyte material forming the second electrolyte layer may be lower than the reduction potential of the first solid electrolyte material.
- the negative electrode 203 contains a material capable of intercalating and deintercalating metal ions such as lithium ions.
- the negative electrode 203 contains, for example, a negative electrode active material (eg, negative electrode active material particles 205).
- Examples of negative electrode active materials are metal materials, carbon materials, oxides, nitrides, tin compounds, or silicon compounds.
- the metal material may be a single metal or an alloy.
- Examples of metallic materials are lithium metal or lithium alloys.
- Examples of carbon materials are natural graphite, coke, ungraphitized carbon, carbon fibers, spherical carbon, artificial graphite, or amorphous carbon. From the viewpoint of capacity density, suitable examples of negative electrode active materials are silicon (ie, Si), tin (ie, Sn), silicon compounds, or tin compounds.
- the negative electrode active material may be selected based on the reduction resistance of the solid electrolyte material contained in the negative electrode 203 .
- a material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions at 0 V or higher with respect to lithium may be used as the negative electrode active material. If the negative electrode active material is such a material, reduction of the first solid electrolyte material contained in the negative electrode 203 can be suppressed. As a result, the battery has high charge-discharge efficiency.
- examples of such materials are titanium oxide, indium metal, or lithium alloys. Examples of titanium oxides are Li4Ti5O12 , LiTi2O4 , or TiO2 .
- the negative electrode active material particles 205 may have a median diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. When negative electrode active material particles 205 have a median diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, negative electrode active material particles 205 and solid electrolyte particles 100 can be well dispersed in negative electrode 203 . This improves the charge/discharge characteristics of the battery. When the negative electrode active material particles 205 have a median diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less, the diffusion rate of lithium in the negative electrode active material particles 205 is improved. This allows the battery to operate at high output.
- the negative electrode active material particles 205 may have a larger median diameter than the solid electrolyte particles 100 . Thereby, the negative electrode active material particles 205 and the solid electrolyte particles 100 can be well dispersed.
- the ratio of the volume of the negative electrode active material particles 205 to the sum of the volumes of the negative electrode active material particles 205 and the solid electrolyte particles 100 is 0.30 or more and 0. 0.95 or less.
- the electrode material 1100 shown in FIG. 2 may be included in the negative electrode 202 .
- a coating layer 216 may be formed on the surface of the electrode active material particles 206 to prevent the solid electrolyte particles 100 from reacting with the negative electrode active material (that is, the electrode active material particles 206). Thereby, the battery has a high charge-discharge efficiency.
- coating materials included in coating layer 216 are sulfide solid electrolytes, oxide solid electrolytes, polymer solid electrolytes, or halide solid electrolytes.
- the coating material may be a sulfide solid electrolyte or a polymer solid electrolyte.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte is Li 2 SP 2 S 5 .
- polymer solid electrolytes are composite compounds of polyethylene oxide and lithium salts.
- An example of such a polymer solid electrolyte is lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.
- the negative electrode 203 may have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of positive electrode 201, electrolyte layer 202, and negative electrode 203 contains a second solid electrolyte material for the purpose of enhancing ion conductivity, chemical stability, and electrochemical stability.
- a second solid electrolyte material for the purpose of enhancing ion conductivity, chemical stability, and electrochemical stability.
- the second solid electrolyte material are sulfide solid electrolytes, oxide solid electrolytes, halide solid electrolytes, or organic polymer solid electrolytes.
- sulfide solid electrolyte means a solid electrolyte containing sulfur.
- Oxide solid electrolyte means a solid electrolyte containing oxygen.
- the oxide solid electrolyte may contain anions other than oxygen (excluding sulfur and halogen elements).
- a "halide solid electrolyte” means a solid electrolyte containing a halogen element and not containing sulfur.
- the halide solid electrolyte may contain not only halogen elements but also oxygen.
- sulfide solid electrolytes are Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-SiS 2 , Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 , Li 2 S-GeS 2 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 , or Li10GeP2S12 . _
- oxide solid electrolytes are (i) NASICON - type solid electrolytes such as LiTi2(PO4)3 or elemental substitutions thereof; (ii) perovskite-type solid electrolytes such as (LaLi) TiO3 ; ( iii) LISICON - type solid electrolytes such as Li14ZnGe4O16 , Li4SiO4 , LiGeO4 or elemental substitutions thereof; ( iv ) garnet - type solid electrolytes such as Li7La3Zr2O12 or its elemental substitutions; or ( v) Li3PO4 or its N substitutions.
- NASICON - type solid electrolytes such as LiTi2(PO4)3 or elemental substitutions thereof
- perovskite-type solid electrolytes such as (LaLi) TiO3 ;
- LISICON - type solid electrolytes such as Li14ZnGe4O16 , Li4SiO4 , LiGeO4 or
- halide solid electrolyte material is the compound represented by LiaMebYcZ6 .
- Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and Y and metalloid elements.
- Z is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I;
- the value of m represents the valence of Me.
- “Semimetal elements” are B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te.
- Metallic elements are all elements contained in groups 1 to 12 of the periodic table (excluding hydrogen), and all elements contained in groups 13 to 16 of the periodic table (however, B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, C, N, P, O, S, and Se).
- Me is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Sc, Al, Ga, Bi, Zr, Hf, Ti, Sn, Ta, and Nb. At least one may be selected.
- Li 3 YCl 6 or Li 3 YBr 6 is used as the halide solid electrolyte.
- the negative electrode 203 may contain a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte which is electrochemically stable with respect to the negative electrode active material, can suppress contact between the first solid electrolyte material and the negative electrode active material. As a result, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced.
- organic polymer solid electrolytes are polymeric compounds and lithium salt compounds.
- the polymer compound may have an ethylene oxide structure. Since a polymer compound having an ethylene oxide structure can contain a large amount of lithium salt, the ionic conductivity can be further increased.
- lithium salts are LiPF6 , LiBF4 , LiSbF6 , LiAsF6 , LiSO3CF3, LiN(SO2CF3)2 , LiN ( SO2C2F5 ) 2 , LiN ( SO2CF3 ). ( SO2C4F9 ) , or LiC ( SO2CF3 ) 3 .
- One lithium salt selected from these may be used alone. Alternatively, a mixture of two or more lithium salts selected from these may be used.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode 201, the electrolyte layer 202, and the negative electrode 203 is a non-aqueous electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, or an ion electrolyte for the purpose of facilitating the transfer of lithium ions and improving the output characteristics of the battery. It may contain liquids.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent and a lithium salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- non-aqueous solvents examples include cyclic carbonate solvents, chain carbonate solvents, cyclic ether solvents, chain ether solvents, cyclic ester solvents, chain ester solvents, or fluorine solvents.
- cyclic carbonate solvents are ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or butylene carbonate.
- linear carbonate solvents are dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, or diethyl carbonate.
- examples of cyclic ether solvents are tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, or 1,3-dioxolane.
- linear ether solvents are 1,2-dimethoxyethane or 1,2-diethoxyethane.
- An example of a cyclic ester solvent is ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- An example of a linear ester solvent is methyl acetate.
- fluorosolvents are fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl fluoropropionate, fluorobenzene, fluoroethyl methyl carbonate, or fluorodimethylene carbonate.
- One non-aqueous solvent selected from these may be used alone. Alternatively, a mixture of two or more non-aqueous solvents selected from these may be used.
- lithium salts are LiPF6 , LiBF4 , LiSbF6 , LiAsF6 , LiSO3CF3, LiN(SO2CF3)2 , LiN ( SO2C2F5 ) 2 , LiN ( SO2CF3 ). ( SO2C4F9 ) , or LiC ( SO2CF3 ) 3 .
- One lithium salt selected from these may be used alone. Alternatively, a mixture of two or more lithium salts selected from these may be used.
- the lithium salt concentration may be, for example, 0.5 mol/liter or more and 2 mol/liter or less.
- a polymer material impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte can be used as the gel electrolyte.
- examples of polymeric materials are polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, or polymers with ethylene oxide linkages.
- ionic liquids examples include (i) aliphatic chain quaternary salts such as tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium; (ii) aliphatic cyclic ammoniums such as pyrrolidiniums, morpholiniums, imidazoliniums, tetrahydropyrimidiniums, piperaziniums, or piperidiniums, or (iii) nitrogen-containing heterogeneous compounds such as pyridiniums or imidazoliums ring aromatic cation.
- aliphatic chain quaternary salts such as tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium
- aliphatic cyclic ammoniums such as pyrrolidiniums, morpholiniums, imidazoliniums, tetrahydropyrimidiniums, piperaziniums, or piperidiniums
- nitrogen-containing heterogeneous compounds such as pyr
- Examples of anions contained in the ionic liquid are PF 6 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , SbF 6 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ , SO 3 CF 3 ⁇ , N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ⁇ , N(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2- , N( SO2CF3 ) ( SO2C4F9 ) - , or C ( SO2CF3 ) 3- .
- the ionic liquid may contain a lithium salt.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode 201, the electrolyte layer 202, and the negative electrode 203 may contain a binder for the purpose of improving adhesion between particles.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramid resin, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid methyl ester, polyacrylic acid ethyl ester, Polyacrylic acid hexyl ester, polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid methyl ester, polymethacrylic acid ethyl ester, polymethacrylic acid hexyl ester, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyether, polyether sulfone, hexafluoropolypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber , or carboxymethyl cellulose.
- a copolymer may be used as a binder.
- binders include tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene, propylene, pentafluoropropylene, fluoromethyl vinyl ether, acrylic acid, and It is a copolymer of two or more materials selected from the group consisting of hexadiene. A mixture of two or more selected from the above materials may be used as the binder.
- At least one selected from the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203 may contain a conductive aid for the purpose of increasing electronic conductivity.
- Examples of conductive aids are (i) graphites such as natural or artificial graphite; (ii) carbon blacks such as acetylene black or ketjen black; (iii) conductive fibers such as carbon or metal fibers; (iv) carbon fluoride, (v) metal powders such as aluminum; (vi) conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; (vii) a conductive metal oxide such as titanium oxide, or (viii) a conductive polymeric compound such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, or polythiophene; is.
- the conductive aid (i) or (ii) may be used.
- Examples of the shape of the battery according to the second embodiment are coin-shaped, cylindrical, rectangular, sheet-shaped, button-shaped, flat-shaped, and laminated.
- a material for forming a positive electrode, a material for forming an electrolyte layer, and a material for forming a negative electrode are prepared, and the positive electrode, the electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode are arranged in this order by a known method. It may also be manufactured by making laminated laminates.
- Example 1 Preparation of Solid Electrolyte Material
- a mixture of these raw material powders was milled at 500 rpm for 30 hours using a planetary ball mill.
- the solid electrolyte material powder according to Example 1 was obtained.
- the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 had a composition represented by Li 2.0 LaOI 3.0 .
- the composition here is a charge composition calculated from the charge amount.
- the composition of the obtained solid electrolyte material was almost the same as the composition of the preparation, depending on the manufacturing method used in this example.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a pressure forming die 300 used to evaluate the ionic conductivity of solid electrolyte materials.
- the pressure forming die 300 had a punch upper part 301 , a frame mold 302 and a punch lower part 303 .
- the frame mold 302 was made of insulating polycarbonate. Both the punch upper portion 301 and the punch lower portion 303 were made of electronically conductive stainless steel.
- the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 was measured by the following method.
- the solid electrolyte material powder according to Example 1 (that is, the solid electrolyte material powder 101 in FIG. 3) was filled inside the pressure molding die 300 . Inside the pressing die 300 , a pressure of 400 MPa was applied to the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 using the punch upper part 301 .
- the upper punch 301 and lower punch 303 were connected to a potentiostat (Bio-Logic Sciences Instruments, VMP-300) equipped with a frequency response analyzer.
- the punch upper part 301 was connected to the working electrode and the terminal for potential measurement.
- the punch bottom 303 was connected to the counter and reference electrodes.
- the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 was measured at room temperature by an electrochemical impedance measurement method.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a Cole-Cole plot obtained by impedance measurement of the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1.
- the real value of the impedance at the measurement point where the absolute value of the phase of the complex impedance was the smallest was regarded as the resistance to ion conduction of the solid electrolyte material. See the arrow R se shown in FIG. 4 for the real value.
- ⁇ represents ionic conductivity.
- S represents the contact area of the solid electrolyte material with the punch upper part 301 (equal to the cross-sectional area of the hollow part of the frame mold 302 in FIG. 3).
- R se represents the resistance value of the solid electrolyte material in impedance measurement.
- t represents the thickness of the solid electrolyte material to which pressure is applied (equal to the thickness of the layer formed from the solid electrolyte material powder 101 in FIG. 3).
- a metal In foil, a metal Li foil, and a metal In foil were laminated in this order on the solid electrolyte layer.
- a pressure of 40 MPa was applied to this laminate to form a counter electrode.
- a current collector made of stainless steel was attached to the electrode and the counter electrode, and a current collecting lead was attached to the current collector.
- [Charging and discharging test] 4 is a graph showing the initial discharge characteristics of the battery according to Example 1.
- FIG. Initial charge/discharge characteristics were measured by the following method.
- the battery according to Example 1 was placed in a constant temperature bath at 25°C.
- Example 1 A cell according to Example 1 was charged until a voltage of 0.58 V was reached at a current density of 17.1 ⁇ A/cm 2 . This current density corresponds to a 0.01C rate.
- Example 1 The cell according to Example 1 was then discharged at a current density of 17.1 ⁇ A/cm 2 until a voltage of 1.9 V was reached. This current density corresponds to a 0.01C rate.
- the battery according to Example 1 had an initial discharge capacity of 268.49 ⁇ Ah.
- Example 2 to 7 Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2
- Li 2 O, La 2 O 3 , and LaI 3 were used as raw material powders so as to have a molar ratio of (a/2):((b ⁇ 1)/2):1.0. prepared.
- the values of a and b are shown in Table 1.
- the solid electrolyte materials according to Examples 1 to 7 had a high lithium ion conductivity of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S/cm or more at room temperature.
- the battery according to Example 1 was charged and discharged at room temperature.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the present disclosure can improve lithium ion conductivity while suppressing generation of hydrogen sulfide.
- the solid electrolyte material of the present disclosure is suitable for providing well chargeable and dischargeable batteries.
- the solid electrolyte material and manufacturing method thereof of the present disclosure are used, for example, in batteries (eg, all-solid lithium ion secondary batteries).
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Abstract
Description
第1実施形態による固体電解質材料は、Li、La、O、およびIからなる。
LiaLabOIc ・・・(1)
ここで、0<a、0<b、(a+b)<4.0、および0<c<4.0、が満たされる。
第1実施形態による固体電解質材料は、例えば下記の方法により、製造され得る。
以下、本開示の第2実施形態が説明される。第1実施形態において説明された事項は、省略され得る。
(i)LiTi2(PO4)3またはその元素置換体のようなNASICON型固体電解質、
(ii)(LaLi)TiO3のようなペロブスカイト型固体電解質、
(iii)Li14ZnGe4O16、Li4SiO4、LiGeO4またはその元素置換体のようなLISICON型固体電解質、
(iv)Li7La3Zr2O12またはその元素置換体のようなガーネット型固体電解質、または
(v)Li3PO4またはそのN置換体である。
(i)テトラアルキルアンモニウムまたはテトラアルキルホスホニウムのような脂肪族鎖状4級塩類、
(ii)ピロリジニウム類、モルホリニウム類、イミダゾリニウム類、テトラヒドロピリミジニウム類、ピペラジニウム類、またはピペリジニウム類のような脂肪族環状アンモニウム、または
(iii)ピリジニウム類またはイミダゾリウム類のような含窒ヘテロ環芳香族カチオン、である。
(i)天然黒鉛または人造黒鉛のようなグラファイト類、
(ii)アセチレンブラックまたはケッチェンブラックのようなカーボンブラック類、
(iii)炭素繊維または金属繊維のような導電性繊維類、
(iv)フッ化カーボン、
(v)アルミニウムのような金属粉末類、
(vi)酸化亜鉛またはチタン酸カリウムのような導電性ウィスカー類、
(vii)酸化チタンのような導電性金属酸化物、または(viii)ポリアニリン、ポリピロール、またはポリチオフェンのような導電性高分子化合物、
である。低コスト化のために、上記(i)または(ii)の導電助剤が使用されてもよい。
[固体電解質材料の作製]
-60℃以下の露点を有するアルゴン雰囲気(以下、「乾燥アルゴン雰囲気」という)中で、原料粉としてLi2OおよびLaI3が、Li2O:LaI3=1.0:1.0のモル比を有するように用意された。これらの原料粉の混合物は、遊星型ボールミルを用い、30時間、500rpmでミリング処理された。このようにして、実施例1による固体電解質材料の粉末が得られた。実施例1による固体電解質材料は、Li2.0LaOI3.0により表される組成を有していた。なお、ここでの組成は、仕込み量から算出された仕込み組成である。ただし、本実施例で用いられた製法によっては、得られる固体電解質材料の組成は仕込み組成とほとんど同様であることが事前に確認されていた。
図3は、固体電解質材料のイオン伝導度を評価するために用いられた加圧成形ダイス300の模式図を示す。
σ=(Rse×S/t)-1 ・・・(2)
乾燥アルゴン雰囲気中で、実施例1による固体電解質材料、Li4Ti5O12、およびカーボンファイバー(VGCF)が、30:65:5の質量比となるように用意された。これらの材料は、乳鉢中で混合された。このようにして、混合物が得られた。なお、VGCFは、昭和電工株式会社の登録商標である。
図4は、実施例1による電池の初期放電特性を示すグラフである。初期充放電特性は、下記の方法により測定された。
実施例2から7では、原料粉としてLi2O、La2O3、およびLaI3が、(a/2):((b-1)/2):1.0のモル比を有するように用意された。aおよびbの値は、表1に示される。
表1から明らかなように、実施例1から7による固体電解質材料は、室温において、5×10-5S/cm以上の高いリチウムイオン伝導性を有していた。
101 固体電解質材料の粉末
201 正極
202 電解質層
203 負極
204 正極活物質粒子
205 負極活物質粒子
300 加圧成形ダイス
301 パンチ上部
302 枠型
303 パンチ下部
1000 電池
1100 電極材料
Claims (9)
- Li、La、O、およびIからなる、
固体電解質材料。 - Iに対するOのモル比は、1未満である、
請求項1に記載の固体電解質材料。 - 以下の組成式(1)により表され、
LiaLabOIc ・・・(1)
ここで、0<a、0<b、(a+b)<4.0、および0<c<4が満たされる、
請求項1または2に記載の固体電解質材料。 - 前記組成式(1)において、0.5≦a≦2.3、および、0.7≦b≦1.5、が満たされる、
請求項3に記載の固体電解質材料。 - 前記組成式(1)において、0.5≦a≦2.0、および、1.0≦b≦1.5、が満たされる、
請求項3または4に記載の固体電解質材料。 - 前記組成式(1)において、0.8≦a≦2.0、および、1.0≦b≦1.4、が満たされる、
請求項3から5のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質材料。 - 前記組成式(1)において、1.0≦c≦3.0、が満たされる、
請求項3から6のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質材料。 - 前記組成式(1)において、c=3.0、が満たされる、
請求項3から7のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質材料。 - 正極、
負極、および
前記正極および前記負極の間に配置されている電解質層、
を備え、
前記正極、前記負極、および前記電解質層からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つは、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質材料を含有する、
電池。
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