WO2022218582A1 - Dispositif d'électrolyse - Google Patents

Dispositif d'électrolyse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022218582A1
WO2022218582A1 PCT/EP2022/053078 EP2022053078W WO2022218582A1 WO 2022218582 A1 WO2022218582 A1 WO 2022218582A1 EP 2022053078 W EP2022053078 W EP 2022053078W WO 2022218582 A1 WO2022218582 A1 WO 2022218582A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrical
supply unit
electrolysis
cell
electrolysis device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/053078
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marc Hanebuth
Simon Kießlich
Thomas Purucker
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG
Priority to CN202280028367.7A priority Critical patent/CN117242210A/zh
Priority to CA3216661A priority patent/CA3216661A1/fr
Priority to EP22706762.6A priority patent/EP4274919A1/fr
Priority to US18/555,269 priority patent/US20240191371A1/en
Publication of WO2022218582A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022218582A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/23—Carbon monoxide or syngas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/20—Processes
    • C25B3/25—Reduction
    • C25B3/26—Reduction of carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/77—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F2213/20—Constructional parts or assemblies of the anodic or cathodic protection apparatus
    • C23F2213/21—Constructional parts or assemblies of the anodic or cathodic protection apparatus combining at least two types of anodic or cathodic protection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F2213/30—Anodic or cathodic protection specially adapted for a specific object
    • C23F2213/31—Immersed structures, e.g. submarine structures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrolysis device with a plurality of electrolysis cells which are electrically connected in series and which are at least partially arranged one after the other in a stacking direction, the series connection being electrically coupled to an electrical energy source, with a cell supply unit for supplying the electrolysis cells for proper operation with at least one fuel, and with supply lines connected to the cell supply unit and to opposite ends of the electrolytic cells arranged one after the other.
  • Electrolytic cells which serve to convert chemical substances into other chemical substances under the action of electricity, are extensively known in the prior art.
  • a chemical reaction i.e. a material conversion
  • electrolysis A well-known and widely used form of electrolysis is water electrolysis.
  • water electrolysis water is broken down into its components, namely hydrogen and oxygen, using electricity.
  • other substances can also be subjected to electrolysis, for example carbon dioxide or the like.
  • the electrolysis products are usually fluid substances that can be fed via appropriate supply lines to the electrolysis cells in which the actual electrolysis is carried out.
  • the electrolysis products are often also in fluid form and are discharged from the electrolysis cells via other supply lines.
  • the supply lines are usually connected to a cell supply unit, which is responsible for supplying the electrolytic cells with the respective substances for proper operation. preferably serve at least one fuel.
  • supply means not only supplying the fuel or the substance to be electrolyzed, but also discharging the respective electrolysis product.
  • Hydrogen can be made available with an electrolysis device, also known as an electrolyzer, using regeneratively generated electrical energy.
  • An electrolysis device whose electrolysis cells are based on proton exchange membranes (PEM).
  • PEM proton exchange membranes
  • An electrolytic cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen from water is disclosed, for example, by DE 102011 007 759 A1.
  • DE 102019 205 316 A1 also discloses a corresponding electrolytic cell for energy-efficient hydrogen production.
  • DE 212018 000 414 U1 discloses a hydrogen generation system.
  • Generic electrolysis devices generally have a plurality of electrolysis cells, which are usually electrically connected in series.
  • the series connection formed in this way is electrically coupled to an electrical energy source which provides a suitable electrical voltage so that the electrolysis cells can be used to realize the intended process of electrochemical material conversion.
  • the electrolytic cells are arranged one after the other in a stacking direction so that they form a cell stack.
  • the stacked arrangement makes it possible for the electrolysis cells arranged one after the other to be electrically contacted directly, so that separate electrical connections of the electrolytic cells can be largely reduced.
  • a supply line system which is used to supply or discharge the at least one fuel to the electrolysis cells.
  • the operating substance can, for example, comprise the supplied fluid, for example water, and/or the reaction product, for example hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the cell stack is usually operated with a certain electrolysis capacity in such a way that the electric current is as small as possible, but the electric voltage is as high as possible.
  • the electrolysis power is provided by the power source connectable to respective opposite ends of the cell stack for this purpose.
  • a large number of electrolytic cells can be arranged in a cell stack, for example more than 100 electrolytic cells, in particular several hundred electrolytic cells, but preferably no more than about 400 electrolytic cells.
  • the electrical voltage at each of the electrolytic cells is around 1.5 V to 2.5 V. This results in the electrical voltage at the cell stack correspondingly, so that the electrical voltage at the cell stack is often 100 V exceeds, can even amount to several hundred volts.
  • the electrolysis device includes other components, such as pumps, heat exchangers, separating containers, which are necessary for the intended operation of the electrolysis device or the electrolysis cells required are.
  • these components are summarized by the cell supply unit for supplying the electrolytic cells with at least one fuel for normal operation.
  • the cell supply unit is connected to the electrolytic cells arranged sequentially in a stacking direction via supply lines connected to the opposite ends of the electrolytic cells arranged sequentially.
  • the supply lines are usually made of a material such as metal or the like.
  • a correspondingly high electrical voltage occurs between the ends of the cell stack or the electrolytic cells arranged one after the other.
  • the Versor supply lines which are usually made of a metal, it is therefore necessary that they have respective electrical cal insulating sections, which serve to provide an electrically highly conductive connection between the ends of the electrolytic cells arranged one after the other and thus between the electrical connections to avoid the electrical energy source.
  • the application according to the prior art has proven itself, but it has been found that particularly in the area of the supply line adjoining the electrical insulating section, which is subjected to a positive electrical potential of the electrical energy source in normal operation, corrosion can occur. This is not only harmful to the electrolysis device as such, but can also lead to contamination of the at least one operating substance and thus to disruptions in the intended operation of the electrolysis cells.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the aforementioned corrosion problem.
  • the invention proposes in particular that a negative electrical potential of the electrical energy source can be electrically coupled to an electrical reference potential of the cell supply unit. During operation of the electrolysis device, the negative electrical potential of the electrical energy source is therefore electrically coupled to the electrical reference potential of the cell supply unit.
  • the invention is based, among other things, on the idea that the construction of the electrolysis unit according to the invention makes it possible to ensure that the cell supply unit and thus also the end of the cell stack formed by the successively arranged electrolysis cells, which is connected to the negative electrical potential of the electrical Energy source is connected, the smallest electrical potential of the electrolysis device exhibit.
  • This end of the cell stack is also referred to below as the first end.
  • the electrical connection can be realized in that the first end of the cell stack is connected to the electrical reference potential of the cell supply unit by means of an electrical line.
  • the electrical reference potential of the cell supply unit can be, for example, a ground potential of the cell supply unit.
  • the electrical cal reference potential of the cell supply unit can be directly or indirectly electrically coupled to a ground potential, for example.
  • the supply lines are formed at least partially from an electrically conductive material.
  • a material of the supply lines can have metal. This makes it possible to provide an electrically conductive connection independently of an electrical line by means of at least one of the supply lines, specifically if the at least one of the supply lines provides electrical conductivity—like the electrical line—over its entire length.
  • all the supply lines can have respective insulating sections, in particular if they essentially have metal as the material.
  • lines can also be formed from an electrically insulating material.
  • the sections of the supply lines facing the cell supply unit need not have an electrical potential that is smaller than the electrical potential, in particular the electrical reference potential, of the cell supply unit up to the respective insulating sections that may be present.
  • a corrosion effect can be largely avoided in the area of the supply lines between the respective insulating sections that may be present and the cell supply unit.
  • the problem of corrosion can therefore be shifted to the respective opposite side of the respective electrical insulating section, in the area of which a corresponding supplementary treatment can be provided in order to largely avoid or even completely prevent the corrosion effect here as well.
  • the construction according to the invention makes it possible to achieve, among other things, that the corrosive effect can be reduced because the conditions that are harmful to the corrosive effect can be reduced.
  • an electrical current can occur in the fluid guided through the respective supply line, especially if it is water.
  • hydrogen and hydro- oxide ions come.
  • the conditions relevant to the corrosive effect namely the hydroxide ions in particular, can be reduced by the invention.
  • the hydroxide ions can preferably be at least partially processed or consumed in the cell stack by the electrolytic cells arranged there. They are therefore no longer available for the undesirable corrosive effect. It is therefore particularly advantageous if the insulating sections are arranged as close as possible in the region of the respective ends. Overall, the invention thus makes it possible to reduce or even completely avoid the undesired corrosive effect.
  • the electrolytic cells can, for example, be arranged sequentially in a single cell stack.
  • the electrolytic cells are electrically connected in series within the cell stack.
  • the opposite ends of the cell stack namely the first and the second end, are connectable to the respective electrical potentials of the electrical energy source's.
  • they can be connected directly to the electrical energy source.
  • they are preferably connected to the electrical energy source via a control unit, so that the function of the electrolytic cells can be adjusted as required.
  • the electrical energy source can be, for example, any voltage source or current source that is able to provide sufficient power for carrying out the electrolysis through the electrolysis cells.
  • An electrolysis output can be determined at a specific area current density depending on the dimensions of the respective electrolysis cell, in particular its electrolysis-technically effective areas.
  • the supply lines have a through-opening with a suitable inside diameter or cross-section in order to supply the respective operating fluid with as little loss as possible to be able to lead to the electrolysis cells and/or to be able to discharge them from the respective electrolysis cells or the partial stacks with as little loss as possible.
  • the supply lines should be made of metal, with the electrolytic cells being arranged in at least two sub-stacks, with each of the at least two sub-stacks being connected by at least one first supply line and connected to the cell supply unit and to a first end of the respective sub-stack at least one second supply line connected to the cell supply unit and to a second end of the respective sub-stack opposite the first end in the stacking direction, is connected to the cell supply unit, with the first supply line connected to the first end of that sub-stack being connected to a negative electrical potential of the electrical energy source can be coupled, is electrically conductively connected to the cell supply unit and all other supply lines have respective electrical insulating sections.
  • the electrolytic cells of the sub-stacks are preferably still connected in series, with the respective sub-stacks also being connected in series overall.
  • the partial stacks are essentially connected in parallel in terms of fluid technology.
  • a stack voltage at the respective opposite ends of a respective partial stack can of course be significantly lower than the electrical voltage that is to be provided by the electrical energy source at the complete series circuit.
  • the corrosive effect described above can also be reduced or largely avoided here.
  • the electrical insulating sections of the supply lines are also designed accordingly, which, for example, consist of a NEM suitable material can be formed, which can be mechanically connected to the respective supply line.
  • it can be an annular section which is arranged at a respective end of a respective supply line.
  • the insulating section can of course also be integrated into the supply line, so that the supply line has two supply line sections which are electrically insulated from one another and which are separated from one another by the insulating section. These units formed in this way are preferably connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner, with an essentially constant internal cross-section being preferably provided for the respective fuel.
  • a plastic, a ceramic, but also a metal oxide such as, for example, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and/or the like can be provided as the material for the electrically insulating section.
  • a composite material can also be provided, which can be formed, for example, from a plastic that can be reinforced with fibers, for example.
  • fibers for example.
  • almost any combination of these can also be provided, which are preferably selected in such a way that a chemical reaction with the operating fluid to be carried in each case is essentially avoided.
  • the material of the supply line has at least metal.
  • the metal can, for example, be steel, in particular stainless steel.
  • another metal such as titanium or the like, can also be used.
  • Corresponding metal alloys can of course also be provided.
  • an electrical insulating layer be arranged on the inside of the supply line at an end of the insulating section of the respective insulating section that faces the respective end of the respective partial stack.
  • the insulation layer formed here makes it possible to further reduce the corrosion effect.
  • the electrical insulation layer can be formed, for example, from a plastic, a ceramic or the like, which is arranged on the inside of the respective supply line in the respective predetermined area. As a result, the surface available for corrosion effects can be further reduced on the inside of the supply line.
  • the electrical insulation layer extends from the respective insulating section to the respective end of the respective partial stack. As a result, a corrosion effect on the supply line side can be essentially completely avoided. This further education therefore makes it possible to further improve the effect of the invention.
  • the electrical insulation layer has a coating of an insulation material.
  • the coating can be formed, for example, from a plastic, a lacquer, a combination thereof and/or the like. Before Monday, the coating can be arranged on the inside of the respective supply line in the area of the passage opening of the supply line. The coating need only extend to the electrically insulating section. As a result, a good effect in terms of corrosion protection can be achieved with limited effort.
  • the electrical insulation layer has a corrosion-resistant metal-containing material. As a result, a very robust surface can be achieved that can be easily connected to the supply line.
  • the corrosion-resistant metal-containing material is a metal oxide.
  • the metal oxide can, for example, be a ceramic material, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and/or the like.
  • the respective ends of the partial stacks facing the respective insulating sections are electrically insulated from the electrolytic cells. It can thereby be achieved that the corrosion effect is largely avoided in the area between the insulating section and the respective end of the partial stack. The effect of the invention can thereby be further improved.
  • the cell supply unit is at least indirectly electrically grounded, ie the cell supply unit can be connected to grounding.
  • the cell supply unit with the supply lines electrically coupled to it can be connected to a predetermined reference potential through the grounding.
  • the negative potential of the electrical energy source which is electrically coupled to the cell supply unit via the supply lines, can also be at least grounded.
  • the cell stack formed from the partial stacks is therefore at a defined electrical potential with respect to ground potential and is therefore no longer subject to floating potential. A defined electrical potential difference or electrical voltage can thus be achieved at the respective electrical insulating sections. This allows the reliability of the function of the invention to be further improved.
  • the grounding has a sacrificial anode and/or a voltage source, by means of which the cell supply unit can be subjected to an electrical potential that is negative compared to the ground potential.
  • a voltage source is used, the negative electrical potential of the voltage source can be electrically connected to the cell supply unit and to the supply lines connected to it.
  • the negative electrical potential of the voltage source is preferred here. wisely grounded at the same time.
  • the voltage source can provide an electrical voltage in a range from approximately ⁇ 2 V to approximately zero volts in relation to ground potential.
  • this electrical voltage is selected in a range from about -1 V to about -0.8 V.
  • corrosion of stainless steel for example, can also be avoided under maritime conditions, especially in off-shore applications.
  • an external corrosion phenomenon can be reduced or prevented in this way.
  • a further electrode to be arranged in the manner of a counter-electrode for cathodic protection against corrosion in the area of the cell supply unit.
  • the internal corrosion phenomenon relates in particular to corrosion effects within the electrolysis device, especially within the cell supply unit.
  • this can be a titanium electrode or titanium anode, which can be coated with a mixed oxide.
  • the anode formed in this way is arranged in a liquid phase of an oxygen separation tank of the cell supply unit.
  • the partial stacks are particularly advantageously connected in parallel to the cell supply unit in terms of supply. In this way, a good supply of the at least one fuel can be achieved for the sub-stacks.
  • the supply can include supplying or also discharging the fuel or substances produced during the electrolysis.
  • Supply structures formed in the sub-stacks or electrolytic cells can serve as internal insulation sections.
  • the materials are non-metallic
  • - Electrically potential metals are coated with an oxidation-resistant layer such as Titandi oxide, a polymer or the like;
  • Non-coated metals are not electrically connected, that is, essentially electrically potential-free, in particular floating, connected.
  • the electrodes of the active cell surfaces of the electrolytic cells can act as anodic counter-electrodes.
  • minimally more oxygen can be formed at the respective anodes of the electrolytic cells and minimally less hydrogen can be generated at the respective cathodes of the respective electrolytic cells.
  • these changes during the electrolysis do not have a significant effect on the efficiency and safety of the electrolysis device. Rather, the advantage of the invention is that no foreign ions can be released from metallic components due to stray currents.
  • the exemplary embodiments explained below are preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • the features and combinations of features specified above in the description and also the features and combinations of features mentioned in the following description of exemplary embodiments and/or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations.
  • the invention also encompasses or is to be regarded as disclosed embodiments that are not explicitly shown and explained in the figures, but that result from the explained embodiments and can be generated through separate combinations of features.
  • the features, functions and/or effects illustrated in the exemplary embodiments can each represent individual features, functions and/or effects of the invention that are to be considered independently of one another and that further develop the invention independently of one another. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments are also intended to include combinations other than those in the illustrated embodiments.
  • the described embodiments can also be supplemented by further features, functions and/or effects of the invention that have already been described.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrolysis device for electrolyzing water in a schematic block diagram
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a supply line of the electrolysis device according to FIG. 1 in the area of an insulating section
  • 3 shows a schematic block diagram like FIG. 1 of a further electrolysis device for electrolyzing water, in which a cell stack is divided into four partial stacks according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation like FIG. 3 for a second configuration of the electrolysis device.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic block diagram, an electrolysis device 10 which has a cell stack 54 which has a plurality of electrolysis cells 12 which are arranged one after the other in a stacking direction 14 .
  • the electrolytic cells 12 are used here to electrochemically decompose water into its components oxygen and hydrogen.
  • the Elektrolyseeinrich device 10 is therefore present in the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water.
  • the electrolysis cells 12 are arranged directly adjacent to one another, so that respective electrodes of the electrolysis cells 12 arranged adjacent can make electrical contact with one another. It is provided that in each case an anode of a first of the electrolytic cells 12 electrically contacts a cathode of the second electrolytic cell 12 which is arranged immediately adjacent in each case. As a result, the Elect rolysezellen 12 are electrically connected in series.
  • the electrolysis cells 12 are on the one hand supplied with water to be electrolyzed and on the other hand discharge lines for the substances produced, hydrogen and oxygen, are provided via an internal supply structure of the cell stack 54, which is not shown in any more detail.
  • This supply can be connected to opposite ends 20, 22 of the cell stack 54 in each case.
  • an electrical energy source 16 is also connected via an electrical line 52, which provides a suitable electrical voltage with an appro Neten electrical power before lying, so that the electrolysis cells 12 can be supplied with sufficient electrical energy for normal operation .
  • the electrolysis device 10 also includes a cell supply unit 18 which is used to supply the electrolytic cells 12 or the cell stack 54 with the respective operating materials, which in this case involve the supply of water and the removal of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the cell supply unit 18 includes several components that are required for the intended operation of the electrolysis device 10, such as pumps, heat exchangers, separating tanks and/or the like, which are not shown here.
  • the cell supply unit 18 is supply-connected to the cell stack 54 via supply lines 24 which are connected to the cell supply unit 18 and the opposite ends 20, 22 of the cell stack 54.
  • the supply lines 24 thus fluidly couple the supply structure of the cell stack 54.
  • the supply lines 24 are presently formed from a metal such as stainless steel.
  • each of the supply lines 24 has an electrically insulating section 38. This ensures that the ends 20, 22 are designed to be electrically isolated from the cell supply unit 18 and thus also electrically isolated from one another.
  • the supply lines 24 are located outside of the cell stack 54.
  • the insulating sections 38 are essentially formed from an electrical insulating material, which can be, for example, a suitable ceramic material or also a suitable plastic or composite material.
  • 2 shows a schematic sectional view of one of the supply lines 24 from FIG. 1 in the area of the insulating section 38. In FIG Area 56 of the cell supply unit 18 faces. The areas 56 and 58 are electrically isolated from one another by the insulating section 38 .
  • This arrangement is designed to be fluid-tight overall and has an essentially constant inner diameter 62 through which the corresponding fluid can be guided, which in this case is water.
  • Corrosion occurs in a region 64 due to the electrical voltage applied to the electrical insulating section 38 .
  • This can be considered to be due to the fact that in the area of a transition from area 56 to the electrical insulation section 38, negative hydroxide ions are formed due to the absorption of electrons from the metal of the wall of the supply line 24 into the water flowing in the inner diameter 62 electric field to Be rich out 58 and there react electrochemically with the metal of the wall of the supply line 24, as shown in FIG. As a result, the wall of the supply line 24 corrodes in this area 64. This is undesirable.
  • the hydrogen formed in this way can be dissolved in water or it can also be present in the form of tiny bubbles and be transported away with the water.
  • the quantities produced are usually so small that the hydrogen itself does not have any disruptive effects.
  • Rouging means the finest iron-containing particles that can be distributed in the supply lines 24 and the components of the electrolysis device 10 . They can be observed above all in the supply lines 24, in which hydrogen is also carried. Arrived this rouging in the oxygen-carrying part of Electrolysis device 10, the rouging can dissolve again with the formation of ions.
  • cations can then get into the electrolytic cells 12 from the oxygen side and accumulate there. This process can lead to higher cell voltages and therefore to lower efficiency of the electrolysis device 10 . Furthermore, damaging mechanisms for the electrolysis cells 12 can be associated with these cations. For example, hydrogen peroxide formed at the electrodes can be converted into radicals upon contact with metal ions, which chemically attack a membrane structure of the electrolytic cells 12 and can thus impair the service life of the electrolytic cells 12 .
  • FIG. 3 now shows an electrolysis device 60 with which the aforementioned corrosion effect, which was explained with reference to FIG. 2, can be largely avoided.
  • the following explanations are based on the explanations for FIGS. 1 and 2, which is why reference is also made to the relevant statements.
  • the electrolytic cells 12 are arranged in four partial stacks 26, 28, 30, 32.
  • Each of the four sub-stacks 26, 28, 30, 32 is connected to the cell supply unit 18 and at a first end of the respective sub-stack 26, 28, 30, 32 by means of two first supply lines 24 and two to the cell supply unit 18 and at one the first End 20 in the stacking direction 14 ge opposite second end 22 of the respective partial stack 26, 28, 30, 32 connected second supply lines 24 with the cell supply unit 18 is connected.
  • the statements relating to FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially apply to the cell supply unit 18.
  • the number of electrolysis cells 12 in the partial stacks 26, 28, 30, 32 is the same for all partial stacks 26, 28, 30, 32. Depending on requirements, however, this can also be selected differently in other configurations, without departing from the spirit of the invention.
  • the sub-stacks 26, 28, 30, 32 are in turn electrically connected in series so that--from an electrical point of view--all the electrolytic cells 12 of the sub-stacks 26, 28, 30, 32 are again connected in series--as in the cell stack 54 according to FIG.
  • This construction of the electrolysis device 60 makes it possible for the cell supply unit 18 to have the lowest electrical potential of the entire electrolysis device 60 when viewed electrically.
  • This electrical cal potential is also connected to the negative electrical potential 34 of the electrical power source 16 Po.
  • the electrical energy source 16 also provides the positive electrical potential 36 ready. Between the negative and the positive electrical potential 34, 36, the electrical energy source 16 provides the operating voltage for the proper operation of the electrolysis device 60 be ready.
  • an electrical insulating layer is formed, which is presently formed by a coating of an insulating material - that is.
  • the insulation material is, for example, a suitable plastic.
  • a corrosion-resistant metal-containing material can also be provided, for example a metal oxide or the like, in particular a ceramic material, for example.
  • the respective ends 20, 22 of the partial stacks 26, 28, 30, 32, which face the respective insulating sections 38 are designed to be electrically isolated from the electrolytic cells 12. This can further reduce the corrosion effect. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the cell supply unit 18 is electrically grounded by means of grounding 42, as is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration like FIG. 3 of a variant of the electrolysis device 60 according to FIG. 3, only the differences relating to the embodiment according to FIG. 3 being explained below.
  • FIG. 4 provides that the grounding 42 is not provided directly on the cell supply unit 18, but using a voltage source 44, by means of which the cell supply unit 18 can be subjected to an electrical potential which is negative with respect to the ground potential.
  • the voltage source 44 provides an electrical voltage of approximately -1 V to approximately -0.8 V. In principle, however, this voltage can also be selected, for example, in a range from approximately ⁇ 2 V to approximately zero volts.
  • the counter-electrode for the cathodic protection against corrosion is also rich of the cell supply unit 18 is arranged.
  • the provided here for the grounding 42 electrode is presently formed by a titanium anode which is coated with a mixed oxide be.
  • the titanium anode with the mixed oxide coating is arranged in an electrically isolated manner from the cell supply unit 18 in a liquid phase of an oxygen separation tank, not further illustrated.
  • the exemplary embodiments show that the invention can be used to reduce corrosion by forming a plurality of partial stacks 26, 28, 30, 32 of the electrolysis cells 12, which are all electrically connected in series. however, are connected separately to the cell supply unit 18 via their own supply lines 24 .
  • the release of metal ions can be largely prevented by the earthing or grounding concept of the invention.
  • the electrodes of the active cell surfaces of the electrolytic cells 12 can therefore act as anodic counter-electrodes for stray currents. Thus, the undesired corrosion can be largely avoided.
  • the invention is not limited to use in the electrolysis of water and can equally be used in other electrolyses to be carried out, for example carbon dioxide electrolysis or the like.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'électrolyse (60) comprenant une pluralité de cellules d'électrolyse (12) qui sont connectées électriquement en série et qui sont disposées l'une après l'autre au moins partiellement dans une direction d'empilement (14), le circuit en série pouvant être couplé électriquement à une source d'énergie électrique (16) ; une unité d'alimentation de cellules (18) pour alimenter les cellules d'électrolyse (12) avec au moins un fluide de travail pour une opération prévue ; et des lignes d'alimentation (24) reliées à l'unité d'alimentation de cellules (18) et à des extrémités opposées (20, 22) de cellules d'électrolyse (12) agencées les unes après les autres. Selon l'invention, un potentiel électrique négatif (34) de la source d'énergie électrique (16) peut être couplé électriquement à un potentiel de référence électrique de l'unité d'alimentation de cellules (18).
PCT/EP2022/053078 2021-04-14 2022-02-09 Dispositif d'électrolyse WO2022218582A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202280028367.7A CN117242210A (zh) 2021-04-14 2022-02-09 电解装置
CA3216661A CA3216661A1 (fr) 2021-04-14 2022-02-09 Dispositif d'electrolyse
EP22706762.6A EP4274919A1 (fr) 2021-04-14 2022-02-09 Dispositif d'électrolyse
US18/555,269 US20240191371A1 (en) 2021-04-14 2022-02-09 Electrolysis device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP21168351.1 2021-04-14
EP21168351.1A EP4074863A1 (fr) 2021-04-14 2021-04-14 Dispositif d'électrolyse

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022207495A1 (de) 2022-07-21 2024-02-01 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Elektrolysesystem

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3623967A (en) * 1968-11-08 1971-11-30 Electric Reduction Co Electrolytic apparatus for the production of alkali metal chlorate with grounding means
JPS62170491A (ja) * 1986-01-23 1987-07-27 Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc 食塩電解槽の水素分離器導入管部の電蝕防止方法
DE4136917C1 (fr) * 1991-11-09 1993-02-04 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De
WO1994004719A1 (fr) * 1992-08-24 1994-03-03 The Dow Chemical Company Electrode cible destinee a empecher la corrosion dans des cellules electrochimiques
DE102011007759A1 (de) 2011-04-20 2012-10-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrolysezelle mit einem Blechpaket übereinander gestapelter Bleche mit Ausnehmungen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Betrieb
CN203559129U (zh) * 2013-11-28 2014-04-23 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 一种电解槽盐水进料管防腐保护装置
DE102019205316A1 (de) 2019-04-12 2020-10-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Energieeffiziente Wasserstoffherstellung
DE212018000414U1 (de) 2018-05-03 2020-12-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wasserstofferzeugungssystem

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3623967A (en) * 1968-11-08 1971-11-30 Electric Reduction Co Electrolytic apparatus for the production of alkali metal chlorate with grounding means
JPS62170491A (ja) * 1986-01-23 1987-07-27 Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc 食塩電解槽の水素分離器導入管部の電蝕防止方法
DE4136917C1 (fr) * 1991-11-09 1993-02-04 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De
WO1994004719A1 (fr) * 1992-08-24 1994-03-03 The Dow Chemical Company Electrode cible destinee a empecher la corrosion dans des cellules electrochimiques
DE102011007759A1 (de) 2011-04-20 2012-10-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrolysezelle mit einem Blechpaket übereinander gestapelter Bleche mit Ausnehmungen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Betrieb
CN203559129U (zh) * 2013-11-28 2014-04-23 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 一种电解槽盐水进料管防腐保护装置
DE212018000414U1 (de) 2018-05-03 2020-12-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wasserstofferzeugungssystem
DE102019205316A1 (de) 2019-04-12 2020-10-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Energieeffiziente Wasserstoffherstellung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022207495A1 (de) 2022-07-21 2024-02-01 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Elektrolysesystem

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EP4274919A1 (fr) 2023-11-15
CA3216661A1 (fr) 2022-10-20
EP4074863A1 (fr) 2022-10-19
US20240191371A1 (en) 2024-06-13
CN117242210A (zh) 2023-12-15

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