WO2022217850A1 - 一种电动送风呼吸防护系统 - Google Patents

一种电动送风呼吸防护系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022217850A1
WO2022217850A1 PCT/CN2021/120753 CN2021120753W WO2022217850A1 WO 2022217850 A1 WO2022217850 A1 WO 2022217850A1 CN 2021120753 W CN2021120753 W CN 2021120753W WO 2022217850 A1 WO2022217850 A1 WO 2022217850A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hood
filter box
protection system
electric
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/120753
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁俊
马晓薇
李思米
陆剑云
谢朝军
Original Assignee
广州市疾病预防控制中心(广州市卫生检验中心、广州市食品安全风险监测与评估中心、广州医科大学公共卫生研究院)
广州信满坤科技服务有限公司
李思米
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 广州市疾病预防控制中心(广州市卫生检验中心、广州市食品安全风险监测与评估中心、广州医科大学公共卫生研究院), 广州信满坤科技服务有限公司, 李思米 filed Critical 广州市疾病预防控制中心(广州市卫生检验中心、广州市食品安全风险监测与评估中心、广州医科大学公共卫生研究院)
Publication of WO2022217850A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022217850A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/12—Respiratory apparatus with fresh-air hose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/02—Masks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/10—Respiratory apparatus with filter elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/04—Couplings; Supporting frames

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of medical and health protection, in particular to an electric air supply respiratory protection system used in a high-risk environment with biological hazards.
  • Electric air supply respiratory protection systems are often used in the medical and health industry, such as hospitals, disease prevention and control institutions, etc. Due to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria that can be transmitted through the air or through body fluids or blood in the environment of use, wearing an electric air supply respiratory protection system can protect medical staff from infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Usually, disinfection is required after use to prepare for reuse.
  • the prior art electric air supply respiratory protection system generally includes a cover body 1, a filter box 2 and an electric blower 3.
  • the cover body 1 is generally a hood worn on the head of a human body, an electric blower 3 and a filter.
  • the box 2 is placed on the waist of the human body, the electric blower 3 is provided with a conveying pipe 4 for conveying air flow, the connection between the conveying pipe 4 and the head cover is arranged at a higher position behind the wearer's head, the conveying pipe 4, the electric blower 3 and the The filter boxes 2 are all exposed outside the cover body 1 .
  • contaminated areas such as isolation wards, ICUs, and biosafety laboratories.
  • Areas that may be contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms are called semi-contaminated areas.
  • An area that is not contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms is called a clean area.
  • pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria in the contaminated area
  • pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria in the contaminated area
  • the resulting pathogen-carrying aerosols can travel several meters in the air and remain infectious.
  • the important parts such as the electric air blower, conveying pipe, belt and other important parts tied to the waist are exposed. Its aerosols are scattered on the surface of the electric blower and the conveying pipe of the protection system by means of air flow or sedimentation to contaminate it. Among them, the surface of the conveying pipe is wrinkled, the surface area is large, and the pipe is elastic, which can generate vibration and collapse. When the surface is contaminated with pollutants, it is easier to disperse the pollutants into the air again, causing secondary pollution. Risk of infection to wearer and field workers.
  • the general industry guidelines require that the electric air supply respiratory protection system be removed after the contaminated area is disinfected and transferred to the semi-contaminated area.
  • the existing protection system structure the contaminated conveying pipe, the electric blower and the hood need to be operated separately in the removal process, and the gloves need to be sterilized or replaced for each operation, which is cumbersome and time-consuming.
  • an assistant is required to be responsible for checking whether the protective equipment of the wearer coming out of the contaminated area is damaged, assessing the risk of contamination, and assisting in removing all protective equipment in the semi-contaminated area.
  • the facilitator is wearing a lower level of protective equipment than the operator. Therefore, in the process of removing the existing respiratory protection system, it is easy to cause the assisting personnel to be infected.
  • hood, delivery pipe and electric blower must be thoroughly sterilized and cleaned, and the sterilization process is cumbersome.
  • Optional disinfection methods are: soaking, spraying and surface wiping.
  • the hood needs to be sprayed with disinfectant on the outside and hung to dry.
  • Electric blowers and ducts require surface wiping, spraying or soaking with disinfectant.
  • each part needs to be cleaned. If it is not cleaned thoroughly, it will cause the residue and corrosion of the disinfectant.
  • the residual disinfectant will corrode the pipe wall and cause perforations through which contaminants can directly enter the hood, causing the next user to be infected.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an electric air supply respiratory protection system, so as to solve the problem that the structure of the electric air supply respiratory protection system in the prior art leads to many contaminated parts, it is difficult to thoroughly clean and there are pathogens in the removal process. Technical aspects of proliferation risk.
  • the technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present application is to provide an electric air supply respiratory protection system, which includes a head cover, an electric blower, and a conveying pipe that transmits airflow output from the electric blower, and the electric blower is arranged on the head.
  • the conveying pipe is connected to the electric blower and extends to the top of the head cover; the extension end of the conveying pipe is connected with a shunt;
  • the cover wall of the cover is tightened on a tightening ring on the human body, the tightening ring is located below the electric blower, and the tightening ring is provided with an adjusting member for adjusting the tightness of the tightening ring;
  • the continuous delivery on the diverter enables the creation of an air flow inside the hood that is higher than the external atmospheric pressure.
  • the tightening ring includes a fixing sleeve fixed on the outer wall of the headgear, the fixing sleeve is sleeved with a drawstring, and the fixing sleeve is further provided with a hole for the drawstring to pass through.
  • the fixed sleeve is preferably an annular sleeve located below the electric blower and surrounding the outer wall of the hood.
  • the adjusting member may preferably be an elastic buckle, and the elastic buckle may preferably be a plastic spring buckle, which is arranged on the drawstring passing through the opening.
  • the pull cord can be tightened or loosened through the adjusting member located outside the hood, so as to adjust the tightness between the hood wall of the hood and the human body.
  • the wearer can operate the adjustment piece from the outside of the hood to loosen the tightening ring to facilitate and quickly remove the protective system, reduce contamination of the removal environment, and thereby reduce infection to other personnel in the removal environment risk.
  • the conveying pipe is a universal pipe formed by connecting a plurality of movable parts in sequence, and the inner wall of the hood is provided with a pipe sleeve for covering the conveying pipe, and the pipe sleeve is upward
  • the extension height is higher than the top of the head of the human body; the delivery tube is passed out from the upper sleeve opening of the tube sleeve and is connected with the shunt piece.
  • the conveying pipe can preferably be a universal plastic cooling pipe, and the sealing performance of the pipe body and the characteristics of structural shaping strength are used to play a certain shaping role.
  • the delivery tube can be bent into an arc that matches the curve of the back of the human body, and plays a role in supporting the hood.
  • the delivery tube can be used as a bracket to support the shunt, so that the shunt does not come into contact with the wearer's head, relieves the head from bearing weight, and reduces the wearer's sense of fatigue when wearing the protective system for a long time.
  • the electric blower and the shunt are connected together through the delivery tube, so that during the removal operation, the wearer can operate the outer part of the hood to release the tightening ring, and then hold the electric blower by hand across the hood After that, the entire protection system can be removed together with the conveying pipe and the shunt, which effectively simplifies the operation process and reduces the operation risk.
  • the sleeve may preferably be arranged at the rear of the hood, that is, on the inner wall of the hood relative to the position of the back of the head of the human body.
  • the pipe sleeve can increase the wrapping protection of the conveying pipe, thereby reducing the contamination of the conveying pipe, and can also limit the shape and position of the conveying pipe, and effectively avoid the displacement of the conveying pipe in the head cover.
  • the upwardly extending height of the tube sleeve is higher than the top of the human body, so that the wearer's head is not used as the bearing point of the shunt, so as to reduce the pressure on the top of the human body.
  • the diverting member is provided with a diverting port arranged around the outer circumference of the diverting member; the top of the diverting member is arched upward, and the top of the diverting member is in conflict with the inner top wall of the head cover curved surface.
  • the air flow from the electric blower is evenly blown to the surrounding by the diverter through the diversion port, so that the output air flows evenly down the wearer's head along the inner wall of the headgear, so that the wearer's head can be evenly distributed around the wearer's head.
  • the air pressure between the head of the user and the inner wall of the hood is uniform; and combined with the air flow continuously output by the electric blower to the shunt, a positive pressure environment can be formed inside the hood.
  • the head cover can be kept in an upright state to ensure that the cover wall of the head cover is kept separated from the head of the human body.
  • the protective system of the structure the hood wall located in the face area of the human body is prone to collapse to the face of the human body.
  • the top of the flow divider is arched upward, and has an arc-shaped surface that interferes with the inner top wall of the head cover.
  • the top of the hood is propped up by the flow divider, and an arc-shaped cover wall extending downward in an arc is formed, which is beneficial to guide the airflow output from the flow divider of the flow divider.
  • the hood is provided with an air-collecting hole
  • the electric blower is provided with a sleeve that communicates with the outside of the hood through the air-sampling hole, so that the electric blower can collect air from the outside of the hood through the air-collecting hole. Air.
  • the powered air breathing protection system further includes a filter box detachably connected to the powered air blower. Since the filter element in the filter box captures potentially infectious biological media, the filter box is used as a single-use item, and the surface of the filter box is sterilized and replaced after each use. Discarded filter cartridges are disposed of by professional companies as medical waste.
  • the filter box is arranged outside the hood, and the filter box is provided with an air outlet on the connection surface where the filter box is connected to the electric blower, and an air outlet surrounding the filter box is provided.
  • An annular air inlet is arranged on the outer periphery of the connecting surface; the sleeve of the electric blower passes through the air intake hole on the hood and communicates with the air outlet of the filter box.
  • both the air outlet and the annular air inlet are opened on the connection surface of the filter box facing the electric blower, which can effectively reduce the risk of blood, body fluids and vomit splashing at the air inlet of the filter box.
  • the opposite end surfaces of the filter box are provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the filter box is arranged inside the hood, and the air outlet of the filter box is connected to the air outlet of the electric blower.
  • the sleeves are connected, and the air inlet of the filter box is communicated with the air sampling holes on the head cover.
  • the filter box of this structure is arranged inside the hood to avoid being exposed outside the hood, reducing the direct contact between the surface of the filter box and the pollutants in the air, and reducing the possibility of polluting aerosols settling on the surface of the filter box.
  • the powered air breathing protection system further includes a filter box built inside the powered air blower and communicated with the sleeve on the powered air blower.
  • the electric blower is a U-shaped body that can be worn on the neck of the human body, the electric blower includes a curved portion and an arm portion connected to both ends of the curved portion; the sleeve of the electric blower is arranged on the on the curved portion and extending outward; the curved portion is provided with a plug connector for connecting the conveying pipe.
  • the electric blower is formed into a U-shaped structure similar to a neck cuff or a neck pillow, which is convenient for the wearer to put on or take off.
  • the wearer can operate and loosen the tightening ring from the outside of the hood, and then hold the two arms of the electric blower with his hands across the hood to remove the entire protective system, which effectively simplifies the operation. process to reduce the pollution to the environment during the removal process.
  • the electric blower is connected to the filter box and the conveying pipe through the curved part, which makes the structure of the whole protection system more compact, thereby reducing the volume of the system, which is beneficial to wearing, removing and transporting.
  • the beneficial effect of the electric air supply respiratory protection system provided by the embodiment of the present application is that compared with the prior art, the main components of the electric air blower, the conveying pipe and the diverter of the electric air supply respiratory protection system of the present application are all arranged inside the head cover , to avoid being exposed outside the hood, effectively reducing contact with pollutants in the environment, thereby reducing the risk of its surface being contaminated.
  • the head cover is provided with a tightening ring for tightening the cover wall of the head cover on the human body.
  • the tightening ring is located below the electric blower.
  • the shunt is housed inside the hood, thereby reducing the risk of being polluted by the external environment.
  • the electric air supply respiratory protection system After the electric air supply respiratory protection system is removed, since the above-mentioned main components are built into the hood, the subsequent disinfection and cleaning operations are relatively simple, effectively reducing the risk of repeated use.
  • the main components of the above protection system, the electric blower, the conveying pipe and the diverter are all arranged inside the hood, which is equivalent to the whole system is a hood, which is different from the prior art in which the electric blower and the conveying pipe are arranged outside the hood. Compared with the original structure, it is more lightweight and convenient, which is beneficial to wearing, removing and transporting.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the electric air supply respiratory protection system of the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electric air supply respiratory protection system provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a headgear provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a headgear worn on a human body provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a shunt member in the prior art
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a shunt in an electric air supply respiratory protection system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another shunt in the electric air supply respiratory protection system provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram 1 of the connection structure of the electric blower and the filter box provided by the embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram 2 of the connection structure of the electric blower and the filter box provided by the embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another filter box provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a disassembly and assembly structure of an electric blower and a conveying pipe according to an embodiment of the application.
  • 6-Tightening ring 61-Adjusting piece; 62-Fixing sleeve; 63-Drawing rope.
  • the electric air supply respiratory protection system includes a head cover 1, a filter box 2, an electric blower 3, and a conveying pipe 4 for conveying the output air from the electric blower 3.
  • the electric blower 3 is arranged inside the head cover 1 and conveys
  • the pipe 4 is connected to the electric blower 3 and extends to the top of the head cover 1
  • a diverter 5 is connected to the extending end of the conveying pipe 4 .
  • the outside of the head cover 1 is provided with a tightening ring 6 for tightening the cover wall of the head cover 1 on the human body.
  • the tightening ring 6 is located below the electric blower 3. Adjustment member 61 .
  • the electric blower 3 continuously delivers purified air to the diverter 5 .
  • the tightening ring 6 restricts the free flow of the airflow in the hood 1, and cooperates with the air flow output by the electric blower 3 to form a positive pressure environment inside the hood 1 higher than the external atmospheric pressure.
  • the electric air supply respiratory protection system provided by the present application, the main components of the electric air blower 3, the conveying pipe 4 and the diverter 5 of the electric air supply respiratory protection system are all arranged inside the head cover 1 to avoid Being exposed outside the hood 1 effectively reduces contact with pollutants in the environment, thereby reducing the risk of its surface being polluted.
  • the head cover 1 is provided with a tightening ring 6 for tightening the cover wall of the head cover 1 on the human body.
  • the tightening ring 6 is located below the electric blower 3.
  • the electric blower 3 , the conveying pipe 4 and the diverter 5 are accommodated inside the head cover 1 , thereby reducing the risk of being polluted by the external environment.
  • the electric air supply respiratory protection system After the electric air supply respiratory protection system is removed, since the above-mentioned main components are built into the hood 1, the subsequent disinfection and cleaning operations are relatively simple, which effectively reduces the risk of repeated use.
  • the main components of the above protection system, the electric blower 3, the conveying pipe 4 and the diverter 5, are all arranged inside the head cover 1, which is equivalent to the whole system is a head cover 1, which is different from the prior art. Compared with the structure in which the tube 4 is arranged outside the head cover 1 , it is more lightweight and convenient, and is advantageous for wearing, taking off and transporting.
  • the conveying pipe 4 since the conveying pipe 4 is built-in and not exposed to the external environment, in the subsequent removal process, the conveying pipe 4 will not re-diffuse the contaminated body into the air due to vibration or bomb collapse, effectively The pollution to the semi-contaminated area is reduced, and the subsequent disinfection and cleaning operations are relatively simple.
  • the tightening ring 6 of the protective system provided in the embodiment of the present application is disposed outside the head cover 1 and below the electric blower 3 .
  • the wearer can operate the adjusting member 61 from the outside of the hood 1 to loosen the tightening ring 6, and hold the electric blower 3 with the hand across the hood 1 and pull it up and back, so that the whole set can be completed by one person. removal of the system.
  • the protection system structure of the present application effectively simplifies the removal steps, the wearer can complete the removal process alone without the assistance of other assistants, and there is no need to assign other staff to assist the removal in the semi-contaminated area. Effectively reduce the risk of infection of other personnel.
  • the outflow air flow rate is controlled by the tightening ring 6, and the flow rate is small.
  • a positive pressure environment is thus created within the headgear 1 .
  • the so-called positive pressure means that the air pressure inside the hood 1 is higher than the atmospheric pressure outside the hood 1 , so as to prevent unfiltered outside air, pathogens and pathogenic aerosols from infiltrating reversely from the tightening ring 6 of the hood 1 .
  • the contamination of the above-mentioned main components located inside the head cover 1 is effectively reduced, and the repeated use of each component after disinfection and cleaning is facilitated.
  • the tightening ring 6 includes a fixing sleeve 62 fixed on the outer wall of the head cover 1 , the fixing sleeve 62 is sleeved with a pull cord 63 , and the fixing sleeve 62 is also provided with a pull cord 62 .
  • the adjusting member 61 is an elastic buckle, and is arranged on the drawstring 63 passing through the opening.
  • the fixed sleeve 62 is preferably an annular sleeve located below the electric blower 3 and surrounding the outer wall of the head cover 1 for a circle.
  • the adjusting member 61 may preferably be an elastic buckle, and the elastic buckle may preferably be a plastic spring buckle, which is arranged on the drawstring 63 passing through the opening.
  • the pull cord 63 can be tightened or loosened through the adjusting member 61 located outside the headgear 1 , so as to adjust the tightness of the wall of the headgear 1 and the human body.
  • the wearer can operate the adjustment member 61 from the outside of the headgear 1 to loosen the tightening ring 6, so as to remove the protective system conveniently and quickly, reduce the pollution to the removal environment, and thus reduce the impact on other equipment in the removal environment. infection risk of personnel.
  • the conveying pipe 4 is a universal pipe formed by connecting a plurality of movable parts in sequence, wherein, the conveying pipe 4 can preferably be a universal plastic cooling pipe, which is also called an adjustable plastic cooling pipe.
  • the tube which is made of high-quality engineering plastics, is widely used in the industrial field as a comprehensive drainage component for liquid and compressed air on the production line.
  • the movable parts on the tube body are made by a precise injection molding process, and nodes are formed between adjacent movable parts. Therefore, there is no need to add a conduit inside the pipe body, and the pipe body can have excellent sealing performance only by contacting the curved surface, and has supporting strength, which can play a certain role in shaping.
  • the conveying tube 4 is preferably the above-mentioned universal tube, which can be bent into an arc shape matching the curve of the back of the human body, and plays the role of supporting the headgear 1 .
  • the delivery tube 4 can be used as a bracket to support the shunt 5, so that the shunt 5 is not in contact with the wearer's head, so that the head bears no load, and the wearer's fatigue feeling of wearing the protective system for a long time is reduced.
  • the electric blower 3 and the diverter 5 are connected together through the delivery pipe 4, so that during the removal operation, the wearer can operate from the outside of the hood 1 to loosen the tightening ring 6, and then use After holding the electric blower 3 with the hand across the head cover 1, the entire protection system can be removed together with the conveying pipe 4 and the diverter 5, which effectively simplifies the operation process and reduces the operation risk.
  • the inner wall of the head cover 1 is provided with a tube sleeve 10 for wrapping the conveying tube 4 .
  • the tube cover 10 may preferably be disposed at the rear of the headgear 1 , that is, on the inner wall of the headgear 1 at the position of the back of the head relative to the human head.
  • the sleeve 10 can increase the wrapping protection of the conveying pipe 4, thereby reducing the contamination of the conveying pipe 4; Displacement of the delivery tube 4 within the headgear 1 is avoided.
  • the upward extension of the tube cover 10 is higher than the top of the head of the human body, so that the wearer's head is not used as the bearing point of the shunt 5, so as to reduce the pressure on the top of the human body, improve the wearing comfort, and effectively reduce wearing fatigue caused by wearing it for a long time.
  • the diverter 5 in the prior art protection system is generally arranged on an annular head frame A that supports the inside of the headgear 1 , and the diverter 5 is a jet pipe on each side of the head frame A. B, the two jet pipes B are connected with the head frame A, and the protection of the human head is semi-enclosed. Since the electric air supply respiratory protection system is usually used in the industrial field, the head frame A has an anti-collision function, so the head frame A has a certain structural strength, resulting in its weight reaching about 500g, which is easy to cause wearing fatigue.
  • the prior art diverter 5 guides the airflow from the back top of the human brain to the temple position and the upper forehead position of the person, so that the airflow preferentially flows downward from the facial area of the hood 1, and the back of the wearer's neck lasts last to distribute the airflow.
  • the air flow at the wearer's face is fast and the pressure is small; the air flow behind the neck is slow and the pressure is strong.
  • the atmospheric pressure outside the headgear 1 is the same, which makes it difficult to keep the headgear 1 upright, and always sticks to the wearer's face at the face position.
  • the solution in the prior art is to use a face screen made of hard material, which is fixed on the head frame A to maintain the shape of the head cover 1, and is supported by the head frame A to prevent the head cover 1 of the face area collapses into the wearer's face. Since the face screen has a curvature and a certain hardness, the cost is relatively high and it is easy to break, so it needs to be boxed, resulting in increased transportation costs.
  • the shunt member 5 is provided with The shunt port 51 arranged around the outer circumference of the shunt member 5 blows the air flow from the electric blower 3 evenly around, so that the output air flow evenly flows down along the inner wall of the hood 1 on the wearer's head, so that the The air pressure surrounding the wearer's head and the inner wall of the headgear 1 is uniform; and combined with the air flow continuously output by the electric blower 3 to the diverter 5 , a positive pressure environment can be formed inside the headgear 1 .
  • the head cover 1 can be kept in an upright state, so as to ensure that the cover wall of the head cover 1 is kept separate from the head of the human body, and the solution to the problem can be solved.
  • the wall of the headgear 1 located in the face area of the human body is easily collapsed to the face of the human body. It eliminates the need to add a face screen and other structures in the head cover 1 to solve the problem of face collapse of the cover wall, effectively simplifies the structure of the entire protection system, reduces the overall weight, and allows the wearer to wear it for a long time.
  • the shape of the shunt member 5 and the setting of the shunt port 51 are as long as the structure that can guide the airflow to be uniformly discharged from the outer circumference of the shunt member 5 is acceptable.
  • the shape of the shunt member 5 is a circular body as shown in FIG.
  • the diverting port 51 is an air exhaust hole or the like evenly arranged around the outer periphery of the diverting member 5 , which is not specifically limited here.
  • the diverter 5 can preferably be made of silica gel, ABS, PVC or other suitable materials, so that the diverter 5 has a certain structural strength and lightness, which can not only spread the hood 1, especially under the cooperation of the output gas.
  • the head cover 1 is rapidly inflated, and can be fixed on the inner top of the head cover 1 by methods such as gluing and laser welding.
  • the top of the flow divider 5 is arched upward, and the top of the flow divider 5 has an arc-shaped surface 52 that collides with the inner top wall of the head cover 1 .
  • the top of the head cover 1 is supported by the flow splitting member 5 , and an arc-shaped cover wall extending downward in an arc is formed, which is beneficial to guide the airflow output from the flow splitting port 51 of the flow splitting member 5 .
  • the head cover 1 is provided with a gas extraction hole 11
  • the electric blower 3 is provided with a sleeve 31 that communicates with the outside of the head cover 1 through the gas extraction hole 11 .
  • the box 2 is detachably connected to the electric blower 3 .
  • the filter box 2 is arranged outside the head cover 1 , and the filter box 2 is provided with an air outlet 22 on the connection surface M where the filter box 2 is connected with the electric blower 3 , and a connection around the filter box 2 is provided.
  • An annular air inlet 21 is provided on the outer periphery of the surface M.
  • the sleeve 31 of the electric blower 3 passes through the air intake hole 11 on the head cover 1 and communicates with the air outlet 22 of the filter box 2 .
  • the cover wall of the head cover 1 may preferably be provided with a sealing ring arranged around the outer periphery of the gas extraction hole 11 to improve the sealing performance.
  • the air extraction hole 11 of the hood 1 is located between the filter box 2 and the electric blower 3, and the outer circumference of the sleeve 31 is closely matched with the sealing ring to improve the sealing effect of the location where the air extraction hole 11 is located. Since the outside air is filtered by the filter box 2, the output from the air outlet 22 of the filter box 2 is clean air, and the electric blower 3 is located inside the hood 1 and is isolated from the filter box 2, so pathogenic aerosols in the external environment cannot escape from the hood 1. The air-collecting hole 11 penetrates into the interior of the hood 1 and pollutes the electric blower 3 .
  • the wearer only needs to sterilize the surfaces of the hood 1 and the filter box 2 before removing the entire protective system, and then can enter the removal process.
  • the electric blower 3 is built into the head cover 1, the subsequent disinfection operation thereof will be relatively simple, which effectively reduces the risk of repeated use.
  • the filter element in the filter box 2 captures potentially infectious biological media, the above-mentioned filter box 2 is used as a disposable part, and the surface of the filter box 2 is sterilized and replaced after each use.
  • the discarded filter box 2 is disposed of by a professional company as medical waste.
  • connection surface M of the filter box 2 is provided with an air outlet 22 and an annular air inlet 21 arranged around the outer periphery of the connection surface M of the filter box 2 to prevent the air outlet 22 from being arranged on the outer periphery of the filter box 2 . on the outside of the box.
  • the air outlet 22 of the filter box 2 and the annular air inlet 21 Both are provided on the connection surface M of the filter box 2, which can effectively reduce the above-mentioned pollution of the inside of the filter box 2 such as blood, body fluids, and vomit splashing.
  • the filter box 2 is provided with at least two or more air outlets 22 , and the electric blower 3 There are sleeves 31 with the same number and corresponding positions as the air outlets 22 of the filter box 2 .
  • at least two connecting parts are formed between the filter box 2 and the electric blower 3, and the two connecting parts are preferably arranged behind the neck of the human body, and form two fixing points located behind the neck of the human body.
  • the adjustment piece 61 on the tightening ring 6 is preferably arranged on the outside of the headgear 1 and in front of the human body to form another fixing point. The combination of the above three fixed points forms a fixed surface on the wearer, which can effectively avoid the displacement of the headgear 1 due to the internal positive pressure environment, thereby improving the wearing stability.
  • an air inlet 23 and an air outlet 22 are provided on the box surfaces at opposite ends of the filter box 2 .
  • the filter box 2 is arranged inside the head cover 1 , the air outlet 22 of the filter box 2 is connected with the sleeve 31 of the electric blower 3 , and the air inlet 23 of the filter box 2 is communicated with the air intake hole 11 on the head cover 1 .
  • the filter box 2 of this structure is arranged inside the hood 1 to avoid being exposed outside the hood 1 , reducing the direct contact between the surface of the filter box 2 and the pollutants in the air, and reducing the sedimentation of polluting aerosols on the surface of the filter box 2 possibility. After removing the system, directly sterilizing the surface of the filter box 2 can be used as medical waste.
  • the filter box 2 is built into the interior of the electric blower 3 and communicates with the sleeve 31 on the electric blower 3 .
  • the structure of the electric blower 3 is optimized, please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 9 together.
  • the electric blower 3 is a U-shaped body that can be worn on the neck of the human body, that is, similar to a neck collar Or the structure of the neck pillow, the electric blower 3 includes a curved portion 32 and an arm portion 33 connected to both ends of the curved portion 32 .
  • the curved portion 32 is fitted to the back portion of the neck of the human body, and the two arm portions 33 are respectively located on both sides of the neck of the human body.
  • the entire electric blower 3 is made to surround the neck of the human body, which is convenient for the wearer to put on or take off.
  • the wearer when removing, the wearer can operate and loosen the tightening ring 6 from the outside of the hood 1, and then hold the arms 33 of the electric blower 3 with the hand across the hood 1 to remove the entire protective system. , effectively simplify the operation process and reduce the external impact in the removal process.
  • the electric blower 3 on the prior art protection system adopts nickel-hydrogen battery or lithium-ion battery power supply technology, and the battery can be separated from the body and connected to a charging cable for charging. Since the motor and the battery are separated, the motor and the battery are connected through the electrode plug terminal, so the body cannot be sterilized by immersion during disinfection, and only the surface can be wiped and disinfected. For strong biological sources of infection, this method of disinfection is not suitable. The most ideal disinfection method is to soak the body in a certain concentration of disinfectant solution for a certain period of time.
  • the electric blower 3 can preferably use a built-in lithium ion battery, which is arranged on the arms 33 at both ends of the U-shaped electric blower 3 .
  • the charging method may preferably adopt inductive charging. Therefore, after removing the entire protective system, it is only necessary to unload the filter box 2, and then close the cylinder opening on the sleeve 31 of the electric blower 3 and the air outlet 22 connected to the conveying pipe 4 with a cock, and then the sanitary and medical system can be used directly. Sterilize by immersion in a general-purpose disinfectant.
  • the sleeve 31 of the electric blower 3 is disposed on the curved portion 32 and extends outward.
  • the curved portion 32 is also provided with a plug connector 34 for connecting the conveying pipe 4 .
  • the structure of the entire protective system is made more compact, thereby reducing the volume of the system, which is beneficial to wearing, removing and transporting.

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Abstract

一种电动送风呼吸防护系统，包括头罩（1）、电动送风机（3）以及传送从电动送风机（3）上输出气流的输送管（4），电动送风机（3）设置于头罩（1）内部，输送管（4）连接于电动送风机（3）上，并往头罩（1）的顶部延伸；输送管（4）的延伸端上连接有分流件（5）；头罩（1）的外部设有将头罩（1）的罩壁收紧于人体上的收紧环（6），收紧环（6）位于电动送风机（3）的下方，收紧环（6）上具有调节收紧环（6）松紧的调节件（61）；电动送风机（3）往分流件（5）上持续输送能够让头罩（1）内部形成高于外部大气压的空气流量。该电动送风呼吸防护系统能够解决现有技术的呼吸防护系统结构导致被污染的部件多，难以彻底清洁及在脱除过程中存在病原体扩散风险的技术问题。

Description

一种电动送风呼吸防护系统
本申请要求于2021年4月16日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为202110413944.1、发明名称为“一种电动送风呼吸防护系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及医疗卫生防护技术领域，具体涉及一种用于具有生物危害因素的高风险环境中的电动送风呼吸防护系统。
 背景技术
电动送风呼吸防护系统常用于医疗卫生行业，如医院、疾病预防控制等机构。由于使用的环境中存在可通过空气传播或通过体液或血液传播的病毒、细菌等病原微生物，佩戴电动送风呼吸防护系统可以保护医护人员免受病原微生物感染，通常在使用完毕后需要消毒以备重复使用。如图1所示，现有技术的电动送风呼吸防护系统一般包括罩体1、滤盒2以及电动送风机3，该罩体1一般为佩戴在人体头部的头罩，电动送风机3和滤盒2置于人体的腰间，电动送风机3上设有传送气流的输送管4，输送管4与头罩的连接处设置在佩戴者的脑后较高位置，输送管4、电动送风机3以及滤盒2均裸露在罩体1外。
在医疗卫生行业的作业环境中，凡被病原微生物污染或被病人直接接触和间接接触的区域称为污染区，如隔离病房、ICU、生物安全实验室等。有可能被病原微生物污染的区域称为半污染区。未被病原微生物污染的区域称为洁净区。污染区存在病毒、细菌等病原微生物，如病人通过呼吸、咳嗽、打喷嚏产生的携带病原体的气溶胶，和医护人员对病人实施救治采样、切喉、插管、吸痰、心肺复苏等操作时，产生的携带病原体的气溶胶可以在空气中传播数米，并保持传染性。
在污染区工作的医护人员使用电动送风呼吸防护系统时，系于腰间的电动送风机、输送管、腰带等重要部件均裸露在外，在救治过程中如出现血液、体液喷溅，或病原体及其气溶胶通过空气流动或沉降等方式，散落在防护系统的电动送风机及输送管表面使其污染。其中，输送管表面有褶皱、表面积大，同时管道具有弹性，自身可产生振动和崩弹，在表面沾染了污染物时，更容易将污染物再次崩弹扩散到空气中，造成二次污染，给佩戴者和现场工作人员带来感染风险。
医护人员完成作业完成后，一般行业准则要求从污染区经过消毒后转移到半污染区后，再对电动送风呼吸防护系统进行脱除。现有的防护系统结构，在脱除工序上需要分别对受污染的输送管、电动送风机及头罩进行操作，而且每次操作都需要对手套进行消毒或更换手套，操作繁琐、耗时长。在半污染区要求配有协助人员，负责检查从污染区出来的佩戴者的防护用品是否破损，评估其受污染的风险，并协助其在半污染区脱除所有的防护装置。该协助人员佩戴的防护装备级别低于作业人员。因此，在现有呼吸防护系统的脱除过程中，容易导致协助人员遭受感染。
防护系统使用后的消毒工作至关重要，消毒不彻底会为下一次佩戴带来感染风险。因此，必须对头罩、输送管以及电动送风机进行彻底消毒和清洗，消毒流程繁琐。可选的消毒方法为：浸泡、喷淋和表面擦拭。头罩需要在外面喷洒消毒液，悬挂晾干。电动送风机和输送管需要用消毒剂进行表面的擦拭、喷淋或浸泡。消毒完毕后还需对各部件进行清洗，如未能彻底清洗，会造成消毒剂的残留和腐蚀。尤其是在输送管的褶皱缝隙中，残留的消毒剂会腐蚀管壁，造成穿孔，污染物可以通过穿孔直接进入头罩内，导致下一次的使用者被感染。
综上所述，现有技术的电动送风呼吸防护系统的结构导致被污染的部件较多，难以彻底清洁，且在脱除过程中存在病原体扩散的风险。
 技术问题
本申请实施例的目的在于：提供一种电动送风呼吸防护系统，以解决现有技术的电动送风呼吸防护系统的结构导致被污染的部件多，难以彻底清洁及在脱除过程中存在病原体扩散风险的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
本申请实施例采用的技术方案是：提供了一种电动送风呼吸防护系统，包括头罩、电动送风机以及传送从所述电动送风机上输出气流的输送管，所述电动送风机设置于所述头罩内部，所述输送管连接于所述电动送风机上，并往所述头罩的顶部延伸；所述输送管的延伸端上连接有分流件；所述头罩的外部设有将所述头罩的罩壁收紧于人体上的收紧环，所述收紧环位于所述电动送风机的下方，所述收紧环上具有调节所述收紧环松紧的调节件；所述电动送风机往所述分流件上持续输送能够让所述头罩内部形成高于外部大气压的空气流量。
在一个实施例中，所述收紧环包括固定于所述头罩外壁上的固定套，所述固定套内套装有拉绳，所述固定套上还开设有供所述拉绳穿出的开口；所述调节件为弹性扣，并设置在穿出所述开口的拉绳上。其中，该固定套优选为位于电动送风机的下方且围绕头罩外壁一圈的环形套。该调节件可优选为弹性扣，该弹性扣可优选采用塑料弹簧扣，并设置在穿出该开口的拉绳上。在佩戴者戴上头罩后，可以通过位于头罩外部的调节件拉紧或松开拉绳，进而调节头罩的罩壁跟人体的松紧度。在脱除时，佩戴者可从头罩外部操作调节件而松开收紧环，以方便快速地脱除防护系统，减少对脱除环境的污染，从而降低对处于脱除环境的其他人员的感染风险。
在一个实施例中，所述输送管为由多个活动件依次连接而成的万向管，所述头罩的内壁上设有用于套装所述输送管的管套，且所述管套向上延伸的高度高于人体的头顶部；所述输送管从所述管套的上套口穿出，并与所述分流件连接。一方面，该输送管可优选采用万向塑料冷却管，利用管体的密封性及具有结构定型强度的特性，以起到一定的塑形作用。让输送管可弯曲成与人体后脑曲线相匹配的弧形，并起到撑起头罩的作用。输送管可作为支架对分流件起到支撑作用，进而让分流件不与佩戴者的头部接触，免除头部承重，降低佩戴者长时间佩戴本防护系统的疲劳感。特别在脱除时，电动送风机和分流件通过输送管连接在一体，以便在脱除操作中，佩戴者可从头罩的外部操作松开收紧环后，用手隔着头罩握住电动送风机后，即可连同输送管及分流件一起，将整个防护系统脱除下来，有效地简化操作流程，降低操作风险。另一方面，该管套可优选设置于头罩的后部，即相对于人体头部的后脑位置的头罩内壁上。该管套可增加对输送管的包裹保护，进而降低输送管受污染，又能起到对输送管的限形及限位作用，有效地避免输送管在头罩内发生位移。其中，该管套向上延伸的高度高于人体的头顶部，让佩戴者的头部不作为分流件的承重点，以减少对人体头顶的压力。
在一个实施例中，所述分流件上设有环绕分流件外周设置的分流口；所述分流件的顶部向上拱起，且所述分流件的顶部具有与所述头罩的内顶壁抵触的弧形面。一方面，分流件通过该分流口将从电动送风机输送的气流均匀地吹向四周，以使输出的气流在佩戴者的头部沿着头罩的内壁均匀地向下流动，从而使得围绕在佩戴者的头部与头罩的内壁之间的气流压强均匀；并且，结合该电动送风机往分流件持续输出的空气流量，能够让头罩内部形成正压环境。以此，即使在头罩内部没有头架或硬质面屏的支撑下，也能够使头罩保持挺立状态，以确保头罩的罩壁与人体的头部保持分离，并能够解决采用此种结构的防护系统，其位于人体面部区域的头罩罩壁容易塌向人脸的问题。另一方面，该分流件的顶部向上拱起，且具有与头罩的内顶壁抵触的弧形面。让头罩顶部被分流件撑开，且形成向下弧线延伸的弧形罩壁，有利于对从分流件的分流口输出的气流作导向。
在一个实施例中，所述头罩上开设有采气孔，所述电动送风机上设有通过所述采气孔与头罩外部连通的套筒，以便电动送风机可通过该采气孔采集头罩外部的空气。
在一个实施例中，所述电动送风呼吸防护系统还包括滤盒，所述滤盒可拆卸地连接于所述电动送风机上。由于滤盒内的滤芯捕获的是可能具有传染性的生物介质，所以让滤盒作为一次性使用件，每次使用后对滤盒表面消毒后进行更换。废弃的滤盒作为医疗垃圾由专业公司进行废弃处置。
在一个实施例中，所述滤盒设置于所述头罩的外部，所述滤盒上设有位于滤盒与所述电动送风机连接的连接面上的出气口，以及围绕所述滤盒的连接面外周设置的环形进气口；所述电动送风机的套筒穿过所述头罩上的采气孔，并与所述滤盒的出气口连通。以此，在脱除整套防护系统前，仅需要对头罩和滤盒表面进行消毒，即可进入脱除流程。脱除后，由于电动送风机内置于头罩内部，其后续的消毒操作也会相对简单，有效地降低重复使用的风险。另外，此种结构的滤盒，让出气口和环形进气口均开设在朝向电动送风机的滤盒连接面上，可有效地降低滤盒进气口遭受血液、体液、呕吐物喷溅的风险。
在一个实施例中，所述滤盒相对的两端面上设有进气口和出气口；所述滤盒设置于所述头罩的内部，所述滤盒的出气口与所述电动送风机的套筒相连接，所述滤盒的进气口与所述头罩上的采气孔相连通。此结构的滤盒设置在头罩的内部，以避免裸露在头罩以外，减少滤盒表面直接与空气中的污染物接触，减少具有污染性的气溶胶在滤盒表面沉降的可能性。
在一个实施例中，所述电动送风呼吸防护系统还包括滤盒，所述滤盒内置于所述电动送风机的内部，并与所述电动送风机上的套筒连通。
在一个实施例中，所述电动送风机为能够佩戴在人体颈部上的U形体，所述电动送风机包括弯曲部和连接于所述弯曲部两端的臂部；所述电动送风机的套筒设置于所述弯曲部上，并往外延伸；所述弯曲部上设有连接所述输送管的插接头。一方面，让电动送风机形成类似颈箍或颈枕的U形体结构，方便佩戴者的穿戴或脱除。特别在脱除时，佩戴者可从头罩的外部操作松开收紧环后，用手隔着头罩握住电动送风机的两臂部，即可将整个防护系统脱除下来，有效地简化操作流程，降低脱除过程中对环境的污染。另一方面，电动送风机通过弯曲部与滤盒及输送管连接，让整个防护系统的结构更紧凑，进而减小系统的体积，有利于佩戴、脱除及运输。
 有益效果
本申请实施例提供的电动送风呼吸防护系统的有益效果在于：与现有技术相比，本电动送风呼吸防护系统的电动送风机、输送管及分流件的主要部件均设置于头罩的内部，以避免裸露在头罩以外，有效减少与环境中污染物接触，从而减少其表面被污染的风险。该头罩上设有将头罩的罩壁收紧于人体上的收紧环，该收紧环位于电动送风机的下方，收紧环收紧后与人体紧密配合，以将电动送风机、输送管及分流件收容于头罩内部，从而降低被外部环境污染的风险。在脱除电动送风呼吸防护系统后，由于上述主要部件内置于头罩，因而后续的消毒清洁操作相对简单，有效地降低重复使用的风险。另外，上述防护系统中的主要部件电动送风机、输送管及分流件均设置于头罩的内部，相当于整个系统就是一个头罩，与现有技术的将电动送风机和输送管设置在头罩外部的结构相比，更加轻巧方便，有利于佩戴、脱除及运输。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示范性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为现有技术的电动送风呼吸防护系统的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的电动送风呼吸防护系统的整体结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的头罩结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的头罩佩戴在人体上的结构示意图；
图5为现有技术的分流件结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的电动送风呼吸防护系统中的分流件结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的电动送风呼吸防护系统中的另一种分流件结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的电动送风机与滤盒的连接结构示意图一；
图9为本申请实施例提供的电动送风机与滤盒的连接结构示意图二；
图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种滤盒结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的电动送风机与输送管的拆装结构示意图。
其中，图中各附图标记：
1-头罩；10-管套；11-采气孔；
2-滤盒；21-环形进气口；22-出气口；
3-电动送风机；31-套筒；32-弯曲部；33-臂部；34-插接头；
4-输送管；
5-分流件；51-分流口；52-弧形面；
6-收紧环；61-调节件；62-固定套；63-拉绳。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本申请。
需说明的是，当部件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个部件，它可以直接在另一个部件上或者间接在该另一个部件上。当一个部件被称为是“连接于”另一个部件，它可以是直接或者间接连接至该另一个部件上。术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于便于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明技术特征的数量。“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
为了说明本申请所提供的技术方案，以下结合具体附图及实施例进行详细说明。
请参阅图2，该电动送风呼吸防护系统包括头罩1、滤盒2、电动送风机3以及传送从电动送风机3上输出气流的输送管4，该电动送风机3设置于头罩1内部，输送管4连接于电动送风机3上，并往头罩1的顶部延伸，且输送管4的延伸端上连接有分流件5。头罩1的外部设有将头罩1的罩壁收紧于人体上的收紧环6，该收紧环6位于电动送风机3的下方，收紧环6上具有调节收紧环6松紧的调节件61。在使用时，该电动送风机3往分流件5上持续输送净化后的空气。收紧环6限制了头罩1内的气流自由流出，且配合电动送风机3输出的空气流量，让头罩1内部形成高于外部大气压的正压环境。
本申请提供的电动送风呼吸防护系统与现有技术相比，本电动送风呼吸防护系统的电动送风机3、输送管4及分流件5的主要部件均设置于头罩1的内部，以避免裸露在头罩1以外，有效减少与环境中污染物接触，从而减少其表面被污染的风险。该头罩1上设有将头罩1的罩壁收紧于人体上的收紧环6，该收紧环6位于电动送风机3的下方，收紧环6收紧后与人体紧密配合，以将电动送风机3、输送管4及分流件5收容于头罩1内部，从而降低被外部环境污染的风险。在脱除电动送风呼吸防护系统后，由于上述主要部件内置于头罩1，因而后续的消毒清洁操作相对简单，有效地降低重复使用的风险。另外，上述防护系统中的主要部件电动送风机3、输送管4及分流件5均设置于头罩1的内部，相当于整个系统就是一个头罩1，与现有技术的将电动送风机3和输送管4设置在头罩1外部的结构相比，更加轻巧方便，有利于佩戴、脱除及运输。
特别是对于输送管4，由于输送管4内置且未暴露于外部环境中，因而在后续的脱除过程中，输送管4不会因振动或崩弹将污染体再次扩散到空气中，有效地降低对半污染区的污染，且后续的消毒清洁操作也相对简单。
对于现有技术防护系统的脱除操作，佩戴者在半污染区脱除整套防护系统是难以一个人完成所有步骤的，需要在半污染区在佩戴防护级别较低的协助人员协助下脱除电动送风机3、输送管4及头罩1。最大的脱除困难在于：电动送风机3及输送管4在人体的背后，佩戴者自行解开腰带以脱除电动送风机3，电动送风机3从佩戴者腰间解除后需要协助人员协助放稳。输送管4还连在头罩1上，需要协助人员在输送管4保持连接的状态下协助脱除头罩1。在脱除头罩1的时候需要解除颈部的紧缩结构，如果是松紧带或围脖，在撑开颈部紧缩结构的时候，佩戴者不可以将污染的手部伸到头罩1的内部去。只能由协助人员握住头罩1外部，尽量撑开，使头罩1脱离佩戴者的头部。这个过程需要反复的培训，否则难以实操。
为此，本申请实施例提供的防护系统的收紧环6设置于头罩1的外部，且位于该电动送风机3的下方。在脱除防护系统时，佩戴者可从头罩1的外部操作调节件61而松开收紧环6，用手隔着头罩1握住电动送风机3向后上方拉起，即可一人完成整套系统的脱除工作。本申请的防护系统结构，有效地简化脱除步骤，佩戴者可独自完成脱除流程，无需其他协助人员协助，可以不必在半污染区配备其它工作人员协助脱除。有效地降低了其他人员的感染风险。由于佩戴者脱除了电动送风呼吸系统后，仍然身处半污染区内，还需继续脱除其它身上穿着的防护用具，由于使用此套系统，有效降低对半污染区的污染，所以也减少了佩戴者本人的感染风险。
另外，在头罩1内由于输入的气流量大，流出的气流量受到收紧环6的控制而流量小。于是在头罩1内形成了正压环境。所谓的正压是指头罩1内的气压高于头罩1外部的大气压，以此阻止不经过滤的外部空气、病原体及病原气溶胶等，从头罩1收紧环6处逆向渗入。有效地降低位于头罩1内部的上述主要部件受污染，有利于各部件消毒清洁后重复使用。
具体地，请一并参阅图2及图3，该收紧环6包括固定于头罩1外壁上的固定套62，固定套62内套装有拉绳63，固定套62上还开设有供拉绳63穿出的开口。调节件61为弹性扣，并设置在穿出开口的拉绳63上。其中，该固定套62优选为位于电动送风机3的下方且围绕头罩1外壁一圈的环形套。该调节件61可优选为弹性扣，该弹性扣可优选采用塑料弹簧扣，并设置在穿出该开口的拉绳63上。在佩戴者戴上头罩1后，可以通过位于头罩1外部的调节件61拉紧或松开拉绳63，进而调节头罩1的罩壁跟人体的松紧度。在脱除时，佩戴者可从头罩1外部操作调节件61而松开收紧环6，以方便快速地脱除防护系统，减少对脱除环境的污染，从而降低对处于脱除环境的其他人员的感染风险。
请参阅图2，输送管4为由多个活动件依次连接而成的万向管，其中，该输送管4可优选采用万向塑料冷却管，该万向塑料冷却管又叫可调塑料冷却管，是由高质量的工程塑料制作而成，广泛应用于工业领域，作为生产线上液体和压缩空气的综合引流部件。该管体上的活动件使用精密的注塑工艺制成，相邻活动件之间形成节点，各节点连接接触曲面经过精确的计算并使用很高的注塑技术制造而成。因此，此种管体内部无需增加导管，仅靠自身接触曲面即可有极好的密封性，且具有支撑强度，能够起到一定的塑形作用。因此，该输送管4优选为上述的万向管，可弯曲成与人体后脑曲线相匹配的弧形，并起到撑起头罩1的作用。另外，该输送管4可作为支架对分流件5起到支撑作用，进而让分流件5不与佩戴者的头部接触，免除头部承重，降低佩戴者长时间佩戴本防护系统的疲劳感。特别对于防护系统的脱除而言，电动送风机3和分流件5通过输送管4连接在一体，以便在脱除操作中，佩戴者可从头罩1的外部操作松开收紧环6后，用手隔着头罩1握住电动送风机3后，即可连同输送管4及分流件5一起，将整个防护系统脱除下来，有效地简化操作流程，降低操作风险。
请一并参阅图2及图4，该头罩1的内壁上设有用于套装输送管4的管套10，输送管4从管套10的上套口穿出，并与分流件5连接。其中，该管套10可优选设置于头罩1的后部，即相对于人体头部的后脑位置的头罩1内壁上。一方面，该管套10可增加对输送管4的包裹保护，进而降低输送管4受污染；另一方面，该管套10能够起到对输送管4的限形及限位作用，有效地避免输送管4在头罩1内发生位移。
其中，该管套10向上延伸的高度高于人体的头顶部，让佩戴者的头部不作为分流件5的承重点，以减少对人体头顶的压力，提高佩戴的舒适性，有效地减少佩戴者长时间佩戴产生的疲劳感。
如图5所示，现有技术的防护系统中的分流件5一般设置在一个撑开头罩1内部的环形头架A上，该分流件5为在头架A两侧各一根的喷气管B，这两根喷气管B与头架A连接一体，并对人体头部进行半包围的保护。由于电动送风呼吸防护系统通常应用于工业领域，故该头架A具有防撞功能，因而该头架A具有一定的结构强度，导致其重量达到500g左右，容易造成佩戴疲劳。另外，现有技术的分流件5，将气流从人脑的后顶部引导至人的太阳穴位置和前额上部位置，使得气流优先从头罩1的面部区域向下流动，而佩戴者的颈后部最后才能分配到气流。根据伯努利定理，在头罩1内部，佩戴者面部位置气流快，压强小；颈后气流慢，压强大。而头罩1外部的大气压强相同，这就造成头罩1难以保持竖直，总会在面部位置贴向佩戴者的脸部。针对此技术问题，现有技术的解决方法是，采用一种由硬质材料制成的面屏，固定在头架A上维持头罩1的形状，通过头架A的支撑而阻止头罩1的面部区域塌向佩戴者的面部。由于该面屏带有曲度和一定的硬度，造价相对较高，容易折坏，因而需要盒装，导致增加运输成本。
针对上述现有技术的分流件5结构的缺陷，在本申请的另一个实施例中，对该分流件5的结构作优化，请一并参阅图2及图6，该分流件5上设有环绕分流件5外周设置的分流口51，将从电动送风机3输送的气流均匀吹向四周，以使输出的气流在佩戴者的头部沿着头罩1的内壁均匀地向下流动，从而使得围绕在佩戴者的头部与头罩1的内壁之间的气流压强均匀；并且，结合该电动送风机3往分流件5持续输出的空气流量，能够让头罩1内部形成正压环境。以此，即使在头罩1内部没有头架或硬质面屏的支撑下，也能够使头罩1保持挺立状态，以确保头罩1的罩壁与人体的头部保持分离，并能够解决采用此种结构的防护系统，其位于人体面部区域的头罩1罩壁容易塌向人脸的问题。让头罩1内无需增加面屏等结构来解决罩壁塌脸的问题，有效地简化整个防护系统的结构，减少整体重量，让佩戴者可长时间佩戴。
其中，该分流件5的形状及分流口51的设置为，只要能够实现引导气流均匀从分流件5的外周圈排出的结构均可，如分流件5的形状为如图6的圆形体，或如图7的星形体，该分流口51为环绕于该分流件5外周均匀设置的排风孔等，此处不作具体限定。
该分流件5可优选由硅胶、ABS、PVC或其他合适的材料制成，让分流件5具有一定的结构强度且轻巧，既能够将头罩1撑开，特别是在输出气体的配合下将头罩1快速鼓胀，又能够通过胶黏、激光焊接等方法固定于头罩1内顶部。
请一并参阅图6及图7，分流件5的顶部向上拱起，且分流件5的顶部具有与头罩1的内顶壁抵触的弧形面52。让头罩1顶部被分流件5撑开，且形成向下弧线延伸的弧形罩壁，有利于对从分流件5的分流口51输出的气流作导向。
对于电动送风呼吸防护系统中的过滤结构，其设置形式可根据实际生产及应用需求而设置，包括但不限于如下的实施方式：
请一并参阅图2、图4及图8，该头罩1上开设有采气孔11，电动送风机3上设有通过采气孔11与头罩1外部连通的套筒31，防护系统上的滤盒2可拆卸地连接于电动送风机3上。
在本实施例中，该滤盒2设置于头罩1的外部，滤盒2上设有位于滤盒2与电动送风机3连接的连接面M上的出气口22，以及围绕滤盒2的连接面M外周设置的环形进气口21。该电动送风机3的套筒31穿过头罩1上的采气孔11，并与滤盒2的出气口22连通。其中，头罩1的罩壁上可优选设有围绕该采气孔11外周设置的密封圈，以提高密封性。在实际应用中，头罩1的采气孔11处于滤盒2与电动送风机3之间，并利用套筒31的外周与密封圈紧密配合，以提高对该采气孔11所处部位的密封效果。由于外界空气经滤盒2过滤后，从滤盒2的出气口22输出的是洁净空气，且电动送风机3位于头罩1内部与滤盒2相隔离，外部环境的病原气溶胶无法从头罩1的采气孔11处窜入头罩1的内部，污染电动送风机3。以此，佩戴者在脱除整套防护系统前，仅需要对头罩1和滤盒2表面进行消毒，即可进入脱除流程。脱除后，由于电动送风机3内置于头罩1内部，其后续的消毒操作也会相对简单，有效地降低重复使用的风险。由于滤盒2内的滤芯捕获的是可能具有传染性的生物介质，所以上述滤盒2作为一次性使用件，每次使用后对滤盒2表面消毒后进行更换。废弃的滤盒2作为医疗垃圾由专业公司进行废弃处置。
另外，请参阅图8，该滤盒2的连接面M上设有出气口22和围绕滤盒2的连接面M外周设置的环形进气口21，以避免出气口22设置于滤盒2的对外盒面上。特别在急救的场所使用时，由于存在血液、体液、呕吐物喷溅等风险，对外的进气口有被直接喷溅污染的可能性，因而滤盒2的出气口22和环形进气口21均开设在滤盒2的连接面M上，可有效地降低上述血液、体液、呕吐物喷溅等污染滤盒2的内部。
在本实施例中，针对上述的滤盒2设置形式，请一并参阅图2、图8及图9，滤盒2上设有至少两个或两个以上的出气口22，电动送风机3上设有与滤盒2的出气口22数量相同且位置对应的套筒31。以此，形成在滤盒2和电动送风机3之间的至少两个连接部，该两个连接部优选设置于人体的颈后，并形成位于人体颈后的两个固定点。另外，在收紧环6上的调节件61优选设置于头罩1的外部上，且位于人体的前方，以形成另一个固定点。上述三个固定点组合形成一个位于佩戴者上的固定面，能有效地避免头罩1因内部正压环境而产生位移，进而提高佩戴的稳定性。
在本申请的另一个实施例中，请参阅图10，滤盒2相对的两端盒面上设有进气口23和出气口22。滤盒2设置于头罩1的内部，滤盒2的出气口22与电动送风机3的套筒31相连接，滤盒2的进气口23与头罩1上的采气孔11相连通。此结构的滤盒2设置在头罩1的内部，以避免裸露在头罩1以外，减少滤盒2表面直接与空气中的污染物接触，减少具有污染性的气溶胶在滤盒2表面沉降的可能性。在脱除系统后，直接对滤盒2表面进行消毒后，即可作为医疗废弃。
此外，在本申请的另一个实施例中（图未显示），该滤盒2内置于电动送风机3的内部，并与电动送风机3上的套筒31连通。
在本申请的另一个实施例中，对该电动送风机3的结构作优化，请一并参阅图2及图9，该电动送风机3为能够佩戴在人体颈部上的U形体，即类似颈箍或颈枕的结构，电动送风机3包括弯曲部32和连接于弯曲部32两端的臂部33。在佩戴时，弯曲部32与人体的颈后方部位贴合，两臂部33分别位于人体颈部的两侧。让整个电动送风机3环绕于人体的颈部外，方便佩戴者的穿戴或脱除。特别在脱除时，佩戴者可从头罩1的外部操作松开收紧环6后，用手隔着头罩1握住电动送风机3的两臂部33，即可将整个防护系统脱除下来，有效地简化操作流程，降低脱除过程中的对外影响。
另外，现有技术防护系统上的电动送风机3是采用镍氢电池或锂离子电池供电技术，电池和机体可以分离，且连接充电线进行充电。由于电机与电池分离，电机与电池通过电极插接端连接，因而机体在消毒时无法使用浸泡消毒，仅能对表面进行擦拭消毒。对于烈性生物传染源，这种消毒方式不适用。最理想的消毒方式是，让机体在一定浓度的消毒剂溶液中浸泡一定时间。本电动送风机3可优选采用内置式锂离子电池，并设置于U形电动送风机3的两端臂部33上。充电方式可优选采用感应式充电。因此，在脱除整套防护系统后，仅需要卸载滤盒2后，将电动送风机3的套筒31上的筒口及与输送管4连接的出气口22用旋塞封闭，即可直接使用卫生医疗系统中通用的消毒液进行浸泡消毒。
其中，请一并参阅图9及图11，电动送风机3的套筒31设置于该弯曲部32上，并往外延伸，该弯曲部32上还设有连接输送管4的插接头34。让整个防护系统的结构更紧凑，进而减小系统的体积，有利于佩戴、脱除及运输。
以上仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电动送风呼吸防护系统，包括头罩、电动送风机以及传送从所述电动送风机上输出气流的输送管，其特征在于，所述电动送风机设置于所述头罩内部，所述输送管连接于所述电动送风机上，并往所述头罩的顶部延伸；所述输送管的延伸端上连接有分流件；所述头罩的外部设有将所述头罩的罩壁收紧于人体上的收紧环，所述收紧环位于所述电动送风机的下方，所述收紧环上具有调节所述收紧环松紧的调节件；所述电动送风机往所述分流件上持续输送能够让所述头罩内部形成高于外部大气压的空气流量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动送风呼吸防护系统，其特征在于，所述收紧环包括固定于所述头罩外壁上的固定套，所述固定套内套装有拉绳，所述固定套上还开设有供所述拉绳穿出的开口；所述调节件为弹性扣，并设置在穿出所述开口的拉绳上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电动送风呼吸防护系统，其特征在于，所述输送管为由多个活动件依次连接而成的万向管，所述头罩的内壁上设有用于套装所述输送管的管套，且所述管套向上延伸的高度高于人体的头顶部；所述输送管从所述管套的上套口穿出，并与所述分流件连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电动送风呼吸防护系统，其特征在于，所述分流件上设有环绕分流件外周设置的分流口；所述分流件的顶部向上拱起，且所述分流件的顶部具有与所述头罩的内顶壁抵触的弧形面。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的电动送风呼吸防护系统，其特征在于，所述头罩上开设有采气孔，所述电动送风机上设有通过所述采气孔与头罩外部连通的套筒。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电动送风呼吸防护系统，其特征在于，所述电动送风呼吸防护系统还包括滤盒，所述滤盒可拆卸地连接于所述电动送风机上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电动送风呼吸防护系统，其特征在于，所述滤盒设置于所述头罩的外部，所述滤盒上设有位于滤盒与所述电动送风机连接的连接面上的出气口，以及围绕所述滤盒的连接面外周设置的环形进气口；所述电动送风机的套筒穿过所述头罩上的采气孔，并与所述滤盒的出气口连通。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的电动送风呼吸防护系统，其特征在于，所述滤盒相对的两端面上设有进气口和出气口；所述滤盒设置于所述头罩的内部，所述滤盒的出气口与所述电动送风机的套筒相连接，所述滤盒的进气口与所述头罩上的采气孔相连通。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的电动送风呼吸防护系统，其特征在于，所述电动送风呼吸防护系统还包括滤盒，所述滤盒内置于所述电动送风机的内部，并与所述电动送风机上的套筒连通。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的电动送风呼吸防护系统，其特征在于，所述电动送风机为能够佩戴在人体颈部上的U形体，所述电动送风机包括弯曲部和连接于所述弯曲部两端的臂部；所述电动送风机的套筒设置于所述弯曲部上，并往外延伸；所述弯曲部上设有连接所述输送管的插接头。
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CN113209509A (zh) * 2021-04-16 2021-08-06 广州市疾病预防控制中心(广州市卫生检验中心、广州市食品安全风险监测与评估中心、广州医科大学公共卫生研究院) 一种电动送风呼吸防护系统
CN115475341A (zh) * 2022-05-18 2022-12-16 丁凯 一种防呼吸感染的医疗防护头罩

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