WO2022217534A1 - Conception de coreset0 pour numérologies non traditionnelles - Google Patents

Conception de coreset0 pour numérologies non traditionnelles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022217534A1
WO2022217534A1 PCT/CN2021/087455 CN2021087455W WO2022217534A1 WO 2022217534 A1 WO2022217534 A1 WO 2022217534A1 CN 2021087455 W CN2021087455 W CN 2021087455W WO 2022217534 A1 WO2022217534 A1 WO 2022217534A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mode
base station
coreset
mib
information
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PCT/CN2021/087455
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English (en)
Inventor
Qiaoyu Li
Chao Wei
Hao Xu
Jing Dai
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Qualcomm Incorporated
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Publication date
Application filed by Qualcomm Incorporated filed Critical Qualcomm Incorporated
Priority to PCT/CN2021/087455 priority Critical patent/WO2022217534A1/fr
Publication of WO2022217534A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022217534A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signaling for the administration of the divided path
    • H04L5/0094—Indication of how sub-channels of the path are allocated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/18502—Airborne stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals

Definitions

  • This application relates to wireless communication systems, and more particularly to techniques for more efficient resource utilization for large subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix length.
  • Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) .
  • a wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations (BSs) , each simultaneously supporting communications for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) .
  • BSs base stations
  • UE user equipment
  • NR next generation new radio
  • LTE long term evolution
  • NR next generation new radio
  • 5G 5 th Generation
  • LTE long term evolution
  • NR next generation new radio
  • LTE long term evolution
  • NR next generation new radio
  • NR is designed to provide a lower latency, a higher bandwidth or a higher throughput, and a higher reliability than LTE.
  • NR is designed to operate over a wide array of spectrum bands, for example, from low-frequency bands below about 1 gigahertz (GHz) and mid-frequency bands from about 1 GHz to about 6 GHz, to high-frequency bands such as mmWave bands.
  • GHz gigahertz
  • NR is also designed to operate across different spectrum types, from licensed spectrum to unlicensed and shared spectrum. Spectrum sharing enables operators to opportunistically aggregate spectrums to dynamically support high-bandwidth services. Spectrum sharing can extend the benefit of NR technologies to operating entities that may not have access to a licensed spectrum.
  • NR technology may also make use of a variety of different base station and user equipment technologies to maintain communication at acceptable throughput rates.
  • An example type of base station and user equipment technology includes air to ground (ATG) applications.
  • An example of an ATG application includes a base station having antennas oriented generally upward communicating with an aircraft-based user equipment.
  • ATG base stations may have large radio frequency (RF) footprints, e.g., a radius of hundreds of kilometers.
  • RF radio frequency
  • a typical terrestrial base station may have a footprint of only a few kilometers. The larger coverage area may lead to an increase in cyclic prefix length for signals between an aircraft UE and an ATG base station.
  • a method includes determining to operate in a first mode, the first mode being associated with at least one item selected from a list consisting of: a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater, the UE being an aircraft UE, and a base station being an air to ground (ATG) base station.
  • the method further includes, in response to operating in the first mode, interpreting master information block (MIB) information to identify a control resource set (CORESET) having more than three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.
  • MIB master information block
  • CORESET control resource set having more than three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • a UE in another aspect, includes a transceiver, and a processor configured to control the transceiver and further configured to determine to operate in a first mode, the first mode being associated with at least one item selected from a list consisting of: a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater, the UE being an aircraft UE, and a base station being an air to ground (ATG) base station.
  • ATG air to ground
  • the processor is further configured to, in response to operating in the first mode, interpret master information block (MIB) information to identify a control resource set (CORESET) having an absolute resource block (RB) offset value, with respect to an associated synchronization signal block (SSB) , greater than a bandwidth difference between the CORESET and the associated SSB.
  • MIB master information block
  • RB control resource set
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • a UE in another aspect, includes: means for determining to operate in a first mode, the first mode being associated with at least one item selected from a list consisting of: a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater, the UE being an aircraft UE, and a base station being an air to ground (ATG) base station.
  • the UE further includes means for interpreting master information block (MIB) information to identify a control resource set (CORESET) having more than three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in response to operating in the first mode.
  • MIB master information block
  • CORESET control resource set
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon includes: code for causing a user equipment (UE) to determine to operate in a first mode, the first mode being associated with at least one item selected from a list consisting of: a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater, the UE being an aircraft UE, and a base station being an air to ground (ATG) base station.
  • UE user equipment
  • AAG air to ground
  • the non-transitory computer-readable medium further includes code for causing the UE, in response to operating in the first mode, to interpret master information block (MIB) information to identify a control resource set (CORESET) having an absolute resource block (RB) offset value, with respect to an associated synchronization signal block (SSB) , greater than a bandwidth difference between the CORESET and the associated SSB.
  • MIB master information block
  • RB control resource set
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication network according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a radio frame structure according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example SSB, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration of an example relationship between an air to ground (ATG) cell and an aircraft UE, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • ATG air to ground
  • FIG. 5 is an illustration of example numerologies according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is an illustration of an example resource schedule according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is an illustration of an example method according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is an illustration of an example method according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is an illustration of an example method according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a user equipment (UE) according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an exemplary base station (BS) according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • wireless communications systems also referred to as wireless communications networks.
  • the techniques and apparatus may be used for wireless communication networks such as code division multiple access (CDMA) networks, time division multiple access (TDMA) networks, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) networks, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks, LTE networks, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks, 5 th Generation (5G) or new radio (NR) networks, as well as other communications networks.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal FDMA
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier FDMA
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • 5G 5 th Generation
  • NR new radio
  • An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, flash- OFDM and the like.
  • E-UTRA evolved UTRA
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • LTE long term evolution
  • UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in documents provided from an organization named “3 rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP)
  • cdma2000 is described in documents from an organization named “3 rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2) .
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • 3GPP long term evolution LTE
  • LTE long term evolution
  • the 3GPP may define specifications for the next generation of mobile networks, mobile systems, and mobile devices.
  • the present disclosure is concerned with the evolution of wireless technologies from LTE, 4G, 5G, NR, and beyond with shared access to wireless spectrum between networks using a collection of new and different radio access technologies or radio air interfaces.
  • 5G networks contemplate diverse deployments, diverse spectrum, and diverse services and devices that may be implemented using an OFDM-based unified, air interface.
  • further enhancements to LTE and LTE-A are considered in addition to development of the new radio technology for 5G NR networks.
  • the 5G NR will be capable of scaling to provide coverage (1) to a massive Internet of things (IoTs) with a ULtra-high density (e.g., ⁇ 1M nodes/km 2 ) , ultra-low complexity (e.g., ⁇ 10s of bits/sec) , ultra-low energy (e.g., ⁇ 10+ years of battery life) , and deep coverage with the capability to reach challenging locations; (2) including mission-critical control with strong security to safeguard sensitive personal, financial, or classified information, ultra-high reliability (e.g., ⁇ 99.9999%reliability) , ultra-low latency (e.g., ⁇ 1 ms) , and users with wide ranges of mobility or lack thereof; and (3) with enhanced mobile broadband including extreme high capacity (e.g., ⁇ 10 Tbps/km 2 ) , extreme data rates (e.g., multi-Gbps rate, 100+ Mbps user experienced rates) , and deep awareness with advanced discovery and optimizations.
  • IoTs Internet of things
  • a 5G NR communication system may be implemented to use optimized OFDM-based waveforms with scalable numerology and transmission time interval (TTI) ; having a common, flexible framework to efficiently multiplex services and features with a dynamic, low-latency time division duplex (TDD) /frequency division duplex (FDD) design; and with advanced wireless technologies, such as massive multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) , robust millimeter wave (mmWave) transmissions, advanced channel coding, and device-centric mobility.
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • MIMO massive multiple input, multiple output
  • mmWave millimeter wave
  • Scalability of the numerology in 5G NR with scaling of subcarrier spacing, may efficiently address operating diverse services across diverse spectrum and diverse deployments.
  • subcarrier spacing may occur with 15 kHz, for example over 5, 10, 20 MHz, and the like bandwidth (BW) .
  • BW bandwidth
  • subcarrier spacing may occur with 30 kHz over a 80/100 MHz BW.
  • subcarrier spacing may occur with 60 kHz over a 160 MHz BW.
  • subcarrier spacing may occur with 120 kHz over a 500 MHz BW.
  • the scalable numerology of the 5G NR facilitates scalable TTI for diverse latency and quality of service (QoS) requirements. For example, shorter TTI may be used for low latency and high reliability, while longer TTI may be used for higher spectral efficiency.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the efficient multiplexing of long and short TTIs may allow transmissions to start on symbol boundaries.
  • 5G NR also contemplates a self-contained integrated subframe design with uplink/downlink scheduling information, data, and acknowledgement in the same subframe.
  • the self-contained integrated subframe supports communications in unlicensed or contention-based shared spectrum, adaptive uplink /downlink that may be flexibly configured on a per-cell basis to dynamically switch between uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) to meet the current traffic needs.
  • various implementations include methods of wireless communication, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media that provide support for systems that utilize numerologies with long cyclic prefixes (CP) and large subcarrier spacing (SCS) .
  • numerologies with long CP and large SCS may be utilized by air-to-ground (ATG) base stations (BS) specially designed to communicate with aircraft user equipment (UE) .
  • ATG BS may cover a much larger physical area, e.g. a coverage radius of approximately 300km than a traditional terrestrial BS. The larger coverage area may result in multi-path reflections which are delayed significantly more than for traditional terrestrial BSs.
  • Such large delays may be mitigated with a numerology with a long CP (e.g., longer than 8 ⁇ s) .
  • Another feature of aircraft UEs and ATG BSs is that aircraft may move at relatively high speeds, increasing the amount of doppler shift introduced in the communication signals.
  • Aircraft UEs communicating with ATG BSs are also more likely to use relatively lower frequency spectrum to account for large pathloss over long distances, e.g. FR1 (410-7125 MHz) . Therefore, numerologies intended to work with ATG BSs may need to be designed for frequency ranges like FR1.
  • CORESET0 CORESET
  • a UE listens for a synchronization signal block (SSB) .
  • the SSB contains synchronization signals in addition to physical broadcast channel (PBCH) information.
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • the PBCH information includes a master information block (MIB) that gives information about the network required by the UE to communicate with the BS.
  • MIB master information block
  • One item indicated by the MIB is a CORESET0.
  • the CORESET0 defines a location in a radio frame for the UE to search for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) communication.
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • the PDSCH communication transmits more network information to the UE.
  • the CORESET0 resources may benefit from being assigned differently for more efficient communication.
  • the UE may interpret information from the BS in the MIB in order to determine the CORESET0 parameters.
  • the UE’s interpretation of the CORESET0 parameters may be affected by an indication (either explicit or implicit) that the UE is communicating with an ATG BS with certain numerologies.
  • an indication either explicit or implicit
  • techniques described herein may include a UE determining to operate in a first mode based on a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater, the UE being an aircraft UE, or a base station being an air to ground (ATG) base station.
  • the UE may interpret information from the MIB differently based on operating in the first mode. For example, the UE may interpret MIB information to identify a CORESET0 having more than three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, where otherwise the CORESET0 may have a maximum of 3 OFDM symbols.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • the UE may interpret MIB information to identify a CORESET0 where the frequency offset between the CORESET0 and an associated SSB is greater than their bandwidth difference, where otherwise the frequency offset between them may be restricted to their bandwidth difference.
  • the SSB may be scheduled using at least one carrier frequency which is not used by the CORESET0.
  • the different CORESET0/SSB resource allocations may enable more efficient resource utilization for newly proposed numerologies.
  • the CORESET0 may occupy fewer frequency resources, which under a numerology with large SCS, frequency bandwidth may be more limited.
  • fewer CORESET0s may be able to be identified at different carrier frequencies within the same symbol periods.
  • SSBs indicating CORESET0 locations may be offset such that the CORESET0 associated with the SSB is offset more than the difference between their bandwidths.
  • Any reference to a CORESET0 should be understood to also include a potential physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission from a BS using at least a subset of the resources identified by the CORESET0, and thus a change to the resources identified with a CORESET0 is also a change to potential PDCCH resources.
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication network 100 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the network 100 may be a 5G network.
  • the network 100 includes a number of base stations (BSs) 105 (individually labeled as 105a, 105b, 105c, 105d, 105e, and 105f) and other network entities.
  • a BS 105 may be a station that communicates with UEs 115 and may also be referred to as an evolved node B (eNB) , a next generation eNB (gNB) , an access point, and the like.
  • eNB evolved node B
  • gNB next generation eNB
  • Each BS 105 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area.
  • the term “cell” can refer to this particular geographic coverage area of a BS 105 and/or a BS subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.
  • the actions of FIG. 7 may be performed by any of BSs 105.
  • a BS 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell or a small cell, such as a pico cell or a femto cell, and/or other types of cell.
  • a macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider.
  • a small cell such as a pico cell, would generally cover a relatively smaller geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider.
  • a small cell such as a femto cell, would also generally cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and, in addition to unrestricted access, may also provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , UEs for users in the home, and the like) .
  • a BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS.
  • a BS for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell BS, a pico BS, a femto BS or a home BS. In the example shown in FIG.
  • the BSs 105b, 105d, and 105e may be regular macro BSs, while the BSs 105a and 105c may be macro BSs enabled with one of three dimension (3D) , full dimension (FD) , or massive MIMO.
  • the BSs 105a and 105c may take advantage of their higher dimension MIMO capabilities to exploit 3D beamforming in both elevation and azimuth beamforming to increase coverage and capacity.
  • the BS 105f may be a small cell BS which may be a home node or portable access point.
  • a BS 105 may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells.
  • the network 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation.
  • the BSs may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs may be approximately aligned in time.
  • the BSs may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs may not be aligned in time.
  • the UEs 115 are dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile.
  • a UE 115 may also be referred to as a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, or the like.
  • a UE 115 may be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, or the like.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • a UE 115 may be a device that includes a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) .
  • a UE may be a device that does not include a UICC.
  • UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card
  • the UEs 115 that do not include UICCs may also be referred to as IoT devices or internet of everything (IoE) devices.
  • the UEs 115a-115d are examples of mobile smart phone-type devices accessing network 100.
  • a UE 115 may also be a machine specifically configured for connected communication, including machine type communication (MTC) , enhanced MTC (eMTC) , narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and the like.
  • MTC machine type communication
  • eMTC enhanced MTC
  • NB-IoT narrowband IoT
  • the UEs 115e-115h are examples of various machines configured for communication that access the network 100.
  • the UEs 115i-115k are examples of vehicles equipped with wireless communication devices configured for communication that access the network 100.
  • a UE 115 may be able to communicate with any type of the BSs, whether macro BS, small cell, or the like.
  • a lightning bolt e.g., communication links indicates wireless transmissions between a UE 115 and a serving BS 105, which is a BS designated to serve the UE 115 on the downlink (DL) and/or uplink (UL) , desired transmission between BSs 105, backhaul transmissions between BSs, or sidelink transmissions between UEs 115.
  • FIG. 4 provides another example of a BSs 105 and UE 115, and it is understood that those BS 105 and UE 115 operate the same as or similarly to those described with respect to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an ATG BS 105g and an ATG UE 115m.
  • the BSs 105a and 105c may serve the UEs 115a and 115b using 3D beamforming and coordinated spatial techniques, such as coordinated multipoint (CoMP) or multi-connectivity.
  • the macro BS 105d may perform backhaul communications with the BSs 105a and 105c, as well as small cell, the BS 105f.
  • the macro BS 105d may also transmit multicast services which are subscribed to and received by the UEs 115c and 115d.
  • Such multicast services may include mobile television or stream video, or may include other services for providing community information, such as weather emergencies or alerts, such as Amber alerts or gray alerts.
  • the BSs 105 may also communicate with a core network.
  • the core network may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • At least some of the BSs 105 (e.g., which may be an example of a gNB or an access node controller (ANC) ) may interface with the core network through backhaul links (e.g., NG-C, NG-U, etc. ) and may perform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with the UEs 115.
  • the BSs 105 may communicate, either directly or indirectly (e.g., through core network) , with each other over backhaul links (e.g., X1, X2, etc. ) , which may be wired or wireless communication links.
  • the network 100 may also support mission critical communications with ultra-reliable and redundant links for mission critical devices, such as the UE 115e, which may be a drone. Redundant communication links with the UE 115e may include links from the macro BSs 105d and 105e, as well as links from the small cell BS 105f.
  • UE 115f e.g., a thermometer
  • UE 115g e.g., smart meter
  • UE 115h e.g., wearable device
  • the network 100 may also provide additional network efficiency through dynamic, low-latency TDD/FDD communications, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-everything (V2X) , cellular-V2X (C-V2X) communications between a UE 115i, 115j, or 115k and other UEs 115, and/or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications between a UE 115i, 115j, or 115k and a BS 105.
  • BS 105b is shown as a non-terrestrial network (NTN) resource, such as a satellite that orbits the earth.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • BS 105b may include multiple antenna arrays, each array forming a relatively fixed beam.
  • BS 105b may be configured as a single cell with multiple beams and BWPs, as explained in more detail below.
  • the network 100 utilizes OFDM-based waveforms for communications.
  • An OFDM-based system may partition the system BW into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as subcarriers, tones, bins, or the like. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data.
  • the subcarrier spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on the system BW.
  • the system BW may also be partitioned into subbands. In other instances, the subcarrier spacing and/or the duration of TTIs may be scalable.
  • the BSs 105 can assign or schedule transmission resources (e.g., in the form of time-frequency resource blocks (RB) ) for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions in the network 100.
  • DL refers to the transmission direction from a BS 105 to a UE 115
  • UL refers to the transmission direction from a UE 115 to a BS 105.
  • the communication can be in the form of radio frames.
  • a radio frame may be divided into a plurality of subframes or slots, for example, about 10. Each slot may be further divided into mini-slots. In a FDD mode, simultaneous UL and DL transmissions may occur in different frequency bands.
  • each subframe includes a UL subframe in a UL frequency band and a DL subframe in a DL frequency band.
  • UL and DL transmissions occur at different time periods using the same frequency band.
  • a subset of the subframes (e.g., DL subframes) in a radio frame may be used for DL transmissions and another subset of the subframes (e.g., UL subframes) in the radio frame may be used for UL transmissions.
  • each DL or UL subframe may have pre-defined regions for transmissions of reference signals, control information, and data.
  • Reference signals are predetermined signals that facilitate the communications between the BSs 105 and the UEs 115.
  • a reference signal can have a particular pilot pattern or structure, where pilot tones may span across an operational BW or frequency band, each positioned at a pre-defined time and a pre-defined frequency.
  • a BS 105 may transmit cell specific reference signals (CRSs) and/or channel state information –reference signals (CSI-RSs) to enable a UE 115 to estimate a DL channel.
  • CRSs cell specific reference signals
  • CSI-RSs channel state information –reference signals
  • a UE 115 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRSs) to enable a BS 105 to estimate a UL channel.
  • Control information may include resource assignments and protocol controls.
  • Data may include protocol data and/or operational data.
  • the BSs 105 and the UEs 115 may communicate using self-contained subframes.
  • a self-contained subframe may include a portion for DL communication and a portion for UL communication.
  • a self-contained subframe can be DL-centric or UL-centric.
  • a DL-centric subframe may include a longer duration for DL communication than for UL communication.
  • a UL-centric subframe may include a longer duration for UL communication than for UL communication.
  • the network 100 may be an NR network deployed over a licensed spectrum.
  • the BSs 105 can transmit synchronization signals (e.g., including a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) in the network 100 to facilitate synchronization.
  • the BSs 105 can broadcast system information associated with the network 100 (e.g., including a master information block (MIB) , remaining system information (RMSI) , and other system information (OSI) ) to facilitate initial network access.
  • MIB master information block
  • RMSI remaining system information
  • OSI system information
  • the BSs 105 may broadcast the PSS, the SSS, and/or the MIB in the form of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) over a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and may broadcast the RMSI and/or the OSI over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • a UE 115 attempting to access the network 100 may perform an initial cell search by detecting a PSS from a BS 105.
  • the PSS may enable synchronization of period timing and may indicate a physical layer identity value.
  • the UE 115 may then receive a SSS.
  • the SSS may enable radio frame synchronization, and may provide a cell identity value, which may be combined with the physical layer identity value to identify the cell.
  • the PSS and the SSS may be located in a central portion of a carrier or any suitable frequencies within the carrier.
  • the UE 115 may receive a MIB.
  • the MIB may include system information for initial network access and scheduling information for RMSI and/or OSI.
  • the UE 115 may receive RMSI and/or OSI.
  • the RMSI and/or OSI may include radio resource control (RRC) information related to random access channel (RACH) procedures, paging, control resource set (CORESET) for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring, physical UL control channel (PUCCH) , physical UL shared channel (PUSCH) , power control, and SRS.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the UE 115 can perform a random access procedure to establish a connection with the BS 105.
  • the random access procedure may be a four-step random access procedure.
  • the UE 115 may transmit a random access preamble and the BS 105 may respond with a random access response.
  • the random access response (RAR) may include a detected random access preamble identifier (ID) corresponding to the random access preamble, timing advance (TA) information, a UL grant, a temporary cell-radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) , and/or a backoff indicator.
  • ID detected random access preamble identifier
  • TA timing advance
  • C-RNTI temporary cell-radio network temporary identifier
  • the UE 115 may transmit a connection request to the BS 105 and the BS 105 may respond with a connection response.
  • the connection response may indicate a contention resolution.
  • the random access preamble, the RAR, the connection request, and the connection response can be referred to as message 1 (MSG1) , message 2 (MSG2) , message 3 (MSG3) , and message 4 (MSG4) , respectively.
  • the random access procedure may be a two-step random access procedure, where the UE 115 may transmit a random access preamble and a connection request in a single transmission and the BS 105 may respond by transmitting a random access response and a connection response in a single transmission.
  • the UE 115 and the BS 105 can enter a normal operation stage, where operational data may be exchanged.
  • the BS 105 may schedule the UE 115 for UL and/or DL communications.
  • the BS 105 may transmit UL and/or DL scheduling grants to the UE 115 via a PDCCH.
  • the scheduling grants may be transmitted in the form of DL control information (DCI) .
  • the BS 105 may transmit a DL communication signal (e.g., carrying data) to the UE 115 via a PDSCH according to a DL scheduling grant.
  • the UE 115 may transmit a UL communication signal to the BS 105 via a PUSCH and/or PUCCH according to a UL scheduling grant.
  • the BS 105 may communicate with a UE 115 using hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) techniques to improve communication reliability, for example, to provide an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) service.
  • the BS 105 may schedule a UE 115 for a PDSCH communication by transmitting a DL grant in a PDCCH.
  • the BS 105 may transmit a DL data packet to the UE 115 according to the schedule in the PDSCH.
  • the DL data packet may be transmitted in the form of a transport block (TB) . If the UE 115 receives the DL data packet successfully, the UE 115 may transmit a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) to the BS 105.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the UE 115 may transmit a HARQ negative-acknowledgement (NACK) to the BS 105.
  • NACK negative-acknowledgement
  • the BS 105 may retransmit the DL data packet to the UE 115.
  • the retransmission may include the same coded version of DL data as the initial transmission.
  • the retransmission may include a different coded version of the DL data than the initial transmission.
  • the UE 115 may apply soft-combining to combine the encoded data received from the initial transmission and the retransmission for decoding.
  • the BS 105 and the UE 115 may also apply HARQ for UL communications using substantially similar mechanisms as the DL HARQ.
  • the network 100 may operate over a system BW or a component carrier (CC) BW.
  • the network 100 may partition the system BW into multiple bandwidth parts (BWPs) (e.g., portions) .
  • BWPs bandwidth parts
  • a BS 105 may dynamically assign a UE 115 to operate over a certain BWP (e.g., a certain portion of the system BW) .
  • the assigned BWP may be referred to as the active BWP.
  • the UE 115 may monitor the active BWP for signaling information from the BS 105.
  • the BS 105 may schedule the UE 115 for UL or DL communications in the active BWP.
  • a BS 105 may assign a pair of BWPs within the CC to a UE 115 for UL and DL communications.
  • the BWP pair may include one BWP for UL communications and one BWP for DL communications.
  • the network 100 may operate over a shared channel, which may include shared frequency bands or unlicensed frequency bands.
  • the network 100 may be an NR-unlicensed (NR-U) network.
  • the BSs 105 and the UEs 115 may be operated by multiple network operating entities. To avoid collisions, the BSs 105 and the UEs 115 may employ a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure to monitor for transmission opportunities (TXOPs) in the shared channel.
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • TXOPs transmission opportunities
  • a transmitting node e.g., a BS 105 or a UE 115
  • the transmitting node may refrain from transmitting in the channel.
  • the LBT may be based on energy detection. For example, the LBT results in a pass when signal energy measured from the channel is below a threshold. Conversely, the LBT results in a failure when signal energy measured from the channel exceeds the threshold.
  • the LBT may be based on signal detection. For example, the LBT results in a pass when a channel reservation signal (e.g., a predetermined preamble signal) is not detected in the channel.
  • a channel reservation signal e.g., a predetermined preamble signal
  • the network 100 may operate over a high frequency band, for example, in a frequency range 1 (FR1) band or a frequency range 2 (FR2) band.
  • FR1 may refer to frequencies in the sub-6 GHz range and FR2 may refer to frequencies in the mmWave range.
  • the BSs 105 and the UEs 115 may communicate with each other using directional beams. For instance, a BS 105 may transmit SSBs by sweeping across a set of predefined beam directions and may repeat the SSB transmissions at a certain time interval in the set of beam directions to allow a UE 115 to perform initial network access.
  • NTN resource 105b it may transmit SSBs on each of its beams at scheduled times, even if the beams do not steer.
  • each beam and its corresponding characteristics may be identified by a beam index.
  • each SSB may include an indication of a beam index corresponding to the beam used for the SSB transmission.
  • the UE 115 may determine signal measurements, such as reference signal received power (RSRP) and/or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , for the SSBs at the different beam directions and select a best DL beam.
  • the UE 115 may indicate the selection by transmitting a physical random access channel (PRACH) signal (e.g., MSG1) using PRACH resources associated with the selected beam direction.
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the SSB transmitted in a particular beam direction or on a particular beam may indicate PRACH resources that may be used by a UE 115 to communicate with the BS 105 in that particular beam direction.
  • the UE 115 may complete the random access procedure (e.g., the 4-step random access or the 2-step random access) and proceed with network registration and normal operation data exchange with the BS 105.
  • the initially selected beams may not be optimal or the channel condition may change, and thus the BS 105 and the UE 115 may perform a beam refinement procedure to refine a beam selection.
  • BS 105 may transmit CSI-RSs by sweeping narrower beams over a narrower angular range and the UE 115 may report the best DL beam to the BS 105.
  • the BS 105 may apply a higher gain, and thus may provide a better performance (e.g., a higher signal-noise-ratio (SNR) ) .
  • the channel condition may degrade and/or the UE 115 may move out of a coverage of an initially selected beam, and thus the UE 115 may detect a beam failure condition.
  • the UE 115 may perform beam handover.
  • the network 100 may be an IoT network and the UEs 115 may be IoT nodes, such as smart printers, monitors, gaming nodes, cameras, audio-video (AV) production equipment, industrial IoT devices, and/or the like.
  • the transmission payload data size of an IoT node typically may be relatively small, for example, in the order of tens of bytes.
  • the network 100 may be a massive IoT network serving tens of thousands of nodes (e.g., UEs 115) over a high frequency band, such as a FR1 band or a FR2 band.
  • FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating a radio frame structure 200 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the radio frame structure 200 may be employed by BSs such as the BSs 105 and UEs such as the UEs 115 in a network such as the network 100 for communications.
  • the BS 105 may communicate with the UE 115 using time-frequency resources configured as shown in the radio frame structure 200.
  • the x-axes represent time in some arbitrary units and the y-axes represent frequency in some arbitrary units.
  • the transmission frame structure 200 includes a radio frame 201.
  • the duration of the radio frame 201 may vary depending on the aspects. In an example, the radio frame 201 may have a duration of about ten milliseconds.
  • the radio frame 201 includes M number of slots 202, where M may be any suitable positive integer. In an example, M may be about 10.
  • Each slot 202 includes a number of subcarriers 204 in frequency and a number of symbols 206 in time.
  • the number of subcarriers 204 and/or the number of symbols 206 in a slot 202 may vary depending on the aspects, for example, based on the channel bandwidth, the subcarrier spacing (SCS) , and/or the cyclic prefix (CP) .
  • One subcarrier 204 in frequency and one symbol 206 in time forms one resource element (RE) 212 for transmission.
  • a resource block (RB) 210 is formed from a number of consecutive subcarriers 204 in frequency and a number of consecutive symbols 206 in time.
  • a physical resource block (PRB) is formed from 12 subcarriers 204.
  • a BS may schedule a UE (e.g., UE 115 in FIG. 1) for UL and/or DL communications at a time-granularity of slots 202 or mini-slots 208.
  • Each slot 202 may be time-partitioned into K number of mini-slots 208.
  • Each mini-slot 208 may include one or more symbols 206.
  • the mini-slots 208 in a slot 202 may have variable lengths. For example, when a slot 202 includes N number of symbols 206, a mini-slot 208 may have a length between one symbol 206 and (N-1) symbols 206.
  • a mini-slot 208 may have a length of about two symbols 206, about four symbols 206, or about seven symbols 206.
  • the BS 105 may schedule UE at a frequency-granularity of a resource block (RB) 210 (e.g., including about 12 subcarriers 204) .
  • RB resource block
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a process of starting from an SSB to obtain the information about an initial downlink BWP and an initial uplink BWP part.
  • the SSB includes a PBCH that carries MIB.
  • a UE 115 that receives the SSB decodes the SSB to acquire the MIB.
  • the UE 115 then parses the contents of the MIB, which point to a CORESET0.
  • the CORESET0 includes a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and the PDCCH schedules system information block 1 (SIB1) on a PDSCH, and the SIB1 has information elements to identify an initial downlink BWP and an initial uplink BWP.
  • PDCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • SIB1 system information block 1
  • the UE 115 parses the contents of the SIB1, finds its initial downlink BWP and its initial uplink BWP and then uses the initial downlink BWP and uplink BWP to communicate with the BS 105 for further configuration. For instance, the UE 115 may communicate with the BS 105 to be assigned a dedicated BWP on a particular beam for data transmission. Some aspects of the disclosure may use a different MIB, a different CORESET0, or a different SIB1.
  • the SIB1 also identifies parameters relevant to numerology, such as subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix.
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration of an example wireless communication network 400 according to one implementation.
  • Network 400 may exist within a larger network such as network 100.
  • Network 100 includes ATG BS 105g, which is a BS 105 that is designed to communicate with ATG UEs.
  • ATG BS 105g may have antennas angled and/or utilize beamforming techniques such that communication may be directed upwards.
  • the coverage area for ATG BS 105g may be substantially larger than traditional terrestrial BSs 105 (e.g. a coverage radius of approximately 300km) .
  • UE 115m is an ATG UE such as an aircraft which may communicate with ATG BS 105g.
  • Reflective object 440 is an object such as a building that may reflect signals from a UE 115 or BS 105.
  • Lightning bolts indicate wireless transmissions between the UE 115m and ATG BS 105g.
  • transmission 420 illustrates direct communication between the UE 115m and ATG BS 105g.
  • Transmissions 410 and 430 illustrate indirect communication between the EU 115m and ATG BS 105g by way of a reflection off reflective object 440.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure may be understood in the context of an ATG UE 115m, and an ATG BS105g such as those illustrated in system 400.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a table 500 with a variety of example numerologies that may be applied in one or more implementations.
  • each column provides a different numerology, where a numerology includes a set of parameters for communication between a UE 115 and a base station 105.
  • the first row designates a parameter or numerology (u) , which may change among the different columns.
  • u subcarrier spacing
  • the set of numerologies depicted in table 500 assumes a formula where subcarrier spacing (SCS) is equal to 15*2 u KHz.
  • SCS subcarrier spacing
  • the second and third rows of table 500 display symbol duration and cyclic prefix (CP) in microseconds.
  • the fourth row is total symbol duration in microseconds, and it equals the sum of the second and third rows.
  • the fifth row provides a total number of OFDM symbols per slot.
  • the column corresponding to numerology -1 has seven OFDM symbols per slot, whereas the column corresponding to numerology -1B has 14 OFDM symbols per slot.
  • Traditional LTE numerologies include 14 OFDM symbols per slot.
  • other numbers of OFDM symbols per slot are being considered, such as 7 (as in numerology -1) , 12 (as in numerology 1 ECP) , or 10 (as in numerology 2 eECP) .
  • propagation delay due to reflection off of tall buildings or mountains may be as high as 8.33 ⁇ s.
  • the propagation delay of ATG applications may be significantly more than that expected from NTN applications or terrestrial applications. This may cause a second reflected signal to arrive at a receiver much later than the primary non-reflected signal.
  • the combined propagation distance of transmissions 410 and 430 is significantly longer than that of transmission 420.
  • Some implementations described herein include a cyclic prefix that is equal to or greater than 8.33 ⁇ s to accommodate the propagation delay that might be expected in some ATG applications. Another issue in ATG applications might be Doppler effect.
  • a maximum line of sight Doppler effect might be as large as 0.77 kHz for an ATG UE such as ATG UE 115m.
  • the line of sight Doppler effect might increase more than proportionally.
  • the maximum line of sight Doppler effect might be around 3.89 kHz
  • the maximum line of sight Doppler effect might be around 5.33 kHz.
  • a UE 115 or a base station may have hardware and software capable of compensating for Doppler effect that is as high as about 10%of the SCS.
  • Some UEs 115 or base stations 105 may include better or poorer capability.
  • an SCS of 7.5 kHz or greater would be desirable.
  • an SCS of 30 kHz or 60 kHz would be desirable, and in a numerology using 4.8 GHz as a center frequency, an SCS equal to or greater than 60 kHz would be desirable.
  • numerology -1 may have ample SCS and CP at 700 MHz, that center frequency may not provide a desired amount of bandwidth for an ATG UE that is built for 1 GHz or more bandwidth.
  • numerologies 3 and 4 may be best reserved for millimeter wave applications, though millimeter wave may experience attenuation that makes it unsuitable for the long distances covered by an ATG base station cell.
  • numerology 1 ECP which has an SCS of 30 kHz and a cyclic prefix of 8.33 ⁇ s.
  • Numerology 1 ECP may be used with 3.5 GHz, thereby providing SCS of 60 kHz and CP of 8.33 ⁇ s. Those parameters may provide acceptable performance in an ATG application, considering propagation delay, Doppler effect, and expected attenuation.
  • numerology 2 eECP may be used with either 3.5 GHz or 4.8 GHz as a center frequency to provide SCS of 60 kHz and CP of 8.33 ⁇ s. Once again, these parameters may provide acceptable performance in an ATG application.
  • the numerologies including “ECP” refer to an extended CP, which is accomplished by reducing a number of OFDM symbols per slot. Disadvantages associated with ECP numerologies include a reduction in efficiency due to the relative length of the CP versus the total symbol duration as well as mismatch with traditional numerologies having 14 symbols per OFDM slot. However, in some applications, the disadvantages of those numerologies may be outweighed by the advantages. In fact, for any given application, an engineer may pick a numerology for use based on a variety of factors. ATG applications present their own special considerations, propagation delay and Doppler effect being among them, which makes them different from other applications, such as a NTN and car-based terrestrial.
  • traditional LTE numerologies include 14 OFDM symbols per slot. The number of OFDM symbols allow different emitters to coexist more easily. In the case of numerology -1, it has seven OFDM symbols per slot, but it aligns with traditional numerologies including 14 OFDM symbols per slot since 14 is a multiple of seven.
  • the other numerologies in table 500 may include 12 OFDM symbols per slot or 10 symbols per slot in order to accommodate a larger CP.
  • a BS 105 and UE 115 may benefit from scheduling resources differently depending on which numerology is being utilized, as each numerology may present different scheduling challenges. Embodiments of the present disclosure may use the numerologies represented in table 500 as discussed above.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a resource schedule 600 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Schedule 600 may be a radio frame schedule within which communication between a UE 115 and BS 105 is scheduled such as described in aspects herein, for example communications described in reference to FIGS. 3-5 and 7-11.
  • the vertical axis represents frequency in some units, and the horizontal axis represents time in some units. While not shown, the elements in the schedule are generally scheduled on resources such as those illustrated and described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • Schedule 600 contains a CORESET0 640 and associated SSBs, SSB 610, SSB 620, and SSB 630.
  • SSBs are scheduled using the same frequency resources as are used by their associated CORESET0 640. In other words, they are time division multiplexed (TDM) .
  • TDM time division multiplexed
  • an SSB such as SSB 610 may have an offset such that it only overlaps partially the frequency range of the associated CORESET0 640 or uses completely different frequency resources. This is illustrated by the offsets shown in schedule 600, where the offsets are defined as the number of resource elements between the lowest resource elements of the two scheduled items.
  • Offset 660 shows the bandwidth of the CORESET0 640.
  • Offset 650 shows an offset whose length is the difference between the bandwidth of CORESET0 640 and the bandwidth of an SSB such as SSB 610.
  • the largest offset a CORESET0 640 and an SSB is offset 650, in which case the SSB is within the same frequency resources as the CORESET0 640.
  • Offset 670 represents an example offset between the lowest resource element of the CORESET0 640 and the lowest resource element of SSB 610, and it is larger than offset 650. Offset 670 is exemplary of an offset which is greater than the difference between the bandwidth of CORESET0 and the bandwidth of an SSB.
  • BS 105 my indicate to a UE 115 an offset between an SSB and an associated CORESET0 such as offset 670.
  • an MIB from BS 105 indicates explicitly the offset between CORESET0 640 and SSB 610.
  • an MIB from BS105 indicates an offset, and the UE 115 interprets the offset as determined by a mode in which the UE 115 is operating.
  • the offset may be at least in part implied by the fact that the network is utilizing a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, and/or a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater.
  • the UE 115 being an aircraft UE is at least part of the reason the UE 115 knows to utilize offset 670.
  • the BS 105 being an air to ground (ATG) base station is at least part of the reason the UE 115 knows to utilize offset 670.
  • FIG. 7 is an illustration of an example method 700 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Actions of method 700 can be executed by a UE, such as UEs 115 and/or 1000, utilizing one or more components, such as the processor 1002, the memory 1004, the ATG module 1008, the transceiver 1010, and the one or more antennas 1016, to execute the steps of method 700.
  • the method 700 may employ similar mechanisms as described above with respect to FIGS. 2-6.
  • the method 700 includes a number of enumerated actions, but aspects of the method 700 may include additional actions before, after, and in between the enumerated actions. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated actions may be omitted or performed in a different order.
  • the UE 115 determines to operate in a first mode, the first mode being associated with an item selected from a list consisting of: a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater, the UE 115 being an aircraft UE, or a base station being an air to ground (ATG) base station.
  • the determining to operate in the first mode may be based on a single element of the list, or alternatively some combination of items. For example, in some aspects a UE 115 may determine to operate in the first mode only when both the cyclic prefix is greater than 8 ⁇ s and the subcarrier spacing is 60kHz or greater.
  • a UE 115 may determine to operate in the first mode any time the cyclic prefix is greater than 8 ⁇ s.
  • additional items may be utilized by the UE 115 to make a determination to operate on the first mode, for example the UE 115 may consider the number of symbols per slot allocated by the BS 105 (e.g. when there are fewer than 14 symbols per slot) .
  • the determination that the UE 115 is an aircraft UE may be a static configuration of the UE 115.
  • the UE 115 may be programmed as such when the UE 115 is initially configured.
  • the determination that the UE 115 is an aircraft UE may be determined more dynamically, for example based on a configuration from a BS 105, or a determination based on a characteristic such as a GPS reading.
  • the designation as an ATG UE for the purposes of the method may change over time, for example if the UE 115 is in an aircraft, whether the UE 115 is treated as an ATG UE may change depending on whether the aircraft is on the ground or at a certain altitude.
  • the determination that the BS 105 is an ATG BS may be based on an explicit indication from the BS 105. In other aspects, the determination that the BS 105 is an ATG BS may be determined implicitly based on some characteristic determined by communicating with the BS 105. The BS 105 may indicate to the UE 115 that it is an ATG BS either implicitly or explicitly via an indication in the MIB.
  • the UE 115 in response to operating in the first mode, interprets master information block (MIB) information (e.g. RMSI-config) to identify a control resource set (CORESET0) having more than three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.
  • MIB master information block
  • the CORESET0 may use 24, 28, or 96 physical resource blocks (PRBs) .
  • PRBs physical resource blocks
  • Using fewer frequency resources for a CORESET0 may be beneficial in scenarios where there is a large SCS, as a large SCS allows for fewer carriers in a frequency band of a fixed size.
  • the CORESET0 When the UE 115 is operating in non-standalone mode, it is possible for the CORESET0 to be communicated via an LTE cell rather than directly by the NR BS 105.
  • FIG. 8 is an illustration of an example method 800 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Actions of method 800 can be executed by a UE, such as UEs 115 and/or 1000, utilizing one or more components, such as the processor 1002, the memory 1004, the ATG module 1008, the transceiver 1010, and the one or more antennas 1016, to execute the actions of method 800.
  • the method 800 may employ similar mechanisms as described above with respect to FIGS. 2-7.
  • the method 800 includes a number of enumerated actions, but aspects of the method 800 may include additional actions before, after, and in between the enumerated actions. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated actions may be omitted or performed in a different order.
  • the UE 115 determines to operate in a first mode, the first mode being associated with an item selected from a list consisting of: a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater, the UE 115 being an aircraft UE, or a base station being an air to ground (ATG) base station.
  • the determining to operate in the first mode may be based on a single element of the list, or alternatively some combination of items. For example, in some aspects a UE 115 may determine to operate in the first mode only when both the cyclic prefix is greater than 8 ⁇ s and the subcarrier spacing is 60kHz or greater.
  • a UE 115 may determine to operate in the first mode any time the cyclic prefix is greater than 8 ⁇ s.
  • additional items may be utilized by the UE 115 to make a determination to operate on the first mode, for example the UE 115 may consider the number of symbols per slot allocated by the BS 105 (e.g. when there are fewer than 14 symbols per slot) .
  • the determination that the UE 115 is an aircraft UE may be a static configuration of the UE 115.
  • the UE 115 may be programmed as such when the UE 115 is initially configured.
  • the determination that the UE 115 is an aircraft UE may be determined more dynamically, for example based on a configuration from a BS 105, or a determination based on a characteristic such as a GPS reading.
  • the designation as an ATG UE for the purposes of the method may change over time, for example if the UE 115 is an aircraft, whether the UE 115 is treated as an ATG UE may change depending on whether the aircraft is on the ground or at a certain altitude.
  • the determination that the BS 105 is an ATG BS may be based on an explicit indication from the BS 105. In other aspects, the determination that the BS 105 is and ATG BS may be determined implicitly based on some characteristic determined by communicating with the BS 105. The BS 105 may indicate to the UE 115 that it is an ATG BS either implicitly or explicitly via an indication in the MIB.
  • the UE 115 in response to operating in the first mode, interprets master information block (MIB) information (e.g. RMSI-config) to identify a control resource set (CORESET) having an absolute resource block (RB) offset value, with respect to an associated synchronization signal block (SSB) , greater than a bandwidth difference between the CORESET0 and the associated SSB.
  • MIB master information block
  • RB control resource block
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • While numerologies with larger SCS may result in fewer frequency resources to be allocated, this may be preferential. This may be due to there not being sufficient frequency resources to include additional CORESET0s that are frequency division multiplexed (FDM) with each other, where there are SSBs scheduled. In this case, the scheduled SSBs may still be associated with a CORESET0 by allowing the SSB to identify a CORESET0 at greater offsets.
  • FDM frequency division multiplexed
  • the SCS is the same for both the SSB and the CORESET0. When they share the same SCS, and the offset is greater than the bandwidth of the CORESET0, this may be considered SSB-CORESET0-multiplexing pattern 2.
  • This multiplexing pattern (FDM + TDM) according to the present disclosure may be used in FR1 under the circumstances described.
  • more than one SSB is associated with the same CORESET0.
  • at least one of the SSBs associated with the CORESET0 share a subset of the same frequency resources used by the CORESET0, while at least one of the SSBs is offset such that it uses different frequency resources.
  • FIG. 9 is an illustration of an example method 900 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Actions of method 900 can be executed by a UE, such as UEs 115 and/or 1000, utilizing one or more components, such as the processor 1002, the memory 1004, the ATG module 1008, the transceiver 1010, and the one or more antennas 1016, to execute the actions of method 900.
  • the method 900 may employ similar mechanisms as described above with respect to FIGS. 2-8.
  • the method 900 includes a number of enumerated actions, but aspects of the method 900 may include additional actions before, after, and in between the enumerated actions. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated actions may be omitted or performed in a different order.
  • the UE 115 receives, from a base station (BS 105) , a synchronization signal block (SSB) with a master information block (MIB) .
  • the SSB may also contain a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) .
  • the MIB may be carried by a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) .
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • the MIB is a single MIB from the BS 105, in other aspects the MIB is multiple MIBs, or an MIB from an additional LTE BS 105.
  • the UE 115 decodes the SSB to retrieve information from the MIB.
  • the information may include parameters indicating the cyclic prefix, the subcarrier spacing, and other network parameters.
  • Information may also include a RMSI-config information identifying a CORESET0.
  • the UE 115 may decode a single SSB, or may decode a number of SSBs.
  • the UE 115 determines to operate in a first mode based on a first set of information in the MIB.
  • the determining to operate in the first mode may be based on a single element of the list, or alternatively some combination of items. For example, in some aspects a UE 115 may determine to operate in the first mode only when both the cyclic prefix is greater than 8 ⁇ s and the subcarrier spacing is 60kHz or greater. In other aspects, a UE 115 may determine to operate in the first mode any time the cyclic prefix is greater than 8 ⁇ s.
  • additional items may be utilized by the UE 115 to make a determination to operate on the first mode, for example the UE 115 may consider the number of symbols per slot allocated by the BS 105 (e.g. when there are fewer than 12 symbols per slot) .
  • the determination that the UE 115 is an aircraft UE may be a static configuration of the UE 115.
  • the UE 115 may be programmed as such when the UE 115 is initially configured.
  • the determination that the UE 115 is an aircraft UE may be determined more dynamically, for example based on a configuration from a BS 105, or a determination based on a characteristic such as a GPS reading.
  • the designation as an ATG UE for the purposes of the method may change over time, for example if the UE 115 is an aircraft, whether the UE 115 is treated as an ATG UE may change depending on whether the aircraft is on the ground or at a certain altitude.
  • the determination that the BS 105 is an ATG BS may be based on an explicit indication from the BS 105. In other aspects, the determination that the BS 105 is and ATG BS may be determined implicitly based on some characteristic determined by communicating with the BS 105. The BS 105 may indicate to the UE 115 that it is an ATG BS either implicitly or explicitly via an indication in the MIB.
  • the UE 115 interprets a second set of information in the MIB (e.g. RMSI-config) based on operating in the first mode.
  • a second set of information in the MIB e.g. RMSI-config
  • the second set of information indicates a CORESET0 having more than three OFDM symbols.
  • the CORESET0 may use 24, 28, or 96 physical resource blocks (PRBs) .
  • PRBs physical resource blocks
  • the second set of information indicates a CORESET0 having an absolute resource block (RB) offset value, with respect to an associated synchronization signal block (SSB) , greater than a bandwidth difference between the CORESET0 and the associated SSB.
  • RB absolute resource block
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • allowing for offsets between the CORESET0 and SSB to exceed their bandwidth difference allows for them to use different frequency resources. While numerologies with larger SCS may result in fewer frequency resources to be allocated, this may be preferential. This may be due to there not being sufficient frequency resources to include additional coresets that are frequency division multiplexed (FDM) with each other, where there are SSBs scheduled. In this case, the scheduled SSBs may still be associated with a CORESET0 by allowing the SSB to identify a CORESET0 at greater offsets.
  • FDM frequency division multiplexed
  • the SCS is the same for both the SSB and the CORESET0. When they share the same SCS, and the offset is greater than the bandwidth of the CORESET0, this may be considered SSB-CORESET0-multiplexing pattern 2.
  • This multiplexing pattern (FDM + TDM) according to the present disclosure may be used in FR1 under the circumstances described.
  • more than one SSB is associated with the same CORESET0.
  • at least one of the SSBs associated with the CORESET0 share a subset of the same frequency resources used by the CORESET0, while at least one of the SSBs is offset such that it uses different frequency resources.
  • the second set of MIB information indicates both a CORESET0 with more than three OFDM symbols, and with an offset from the SSB that is greater than the difference in their respective bandwidths.
  • the second set of MIB information is interpreted differently based on the fact that the UE 115 is operating in the first mode. In this way additional numerologies may be accounted for.
  • a BS 105 may determine to operate in a first mode. This first mode may be determined simply by the fact that the BS 105 is an ATG BS. Alternatively, the mode may be dependent on communicating with an ATG UE or some other network characteristic.
  • the BS 105 may transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a synchronization signal block (SSB) with a master information block (MIB) with information in the MIB to indicate to the UE 115 to operate in the first mode.
  • UE user equipment
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • MIB master information block
  • the information may explicitly indicate the first mode to the UE 115, or may do so implicitly.
  • the MIB may include information indicating a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, and a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. In such a case, the UE 115 may understand that with these parameters it should operate in the first mode.
  • the MIB may also indicate that the BS 105 is an ATG BS, or a reduced number of symbols per slot.
  • the MIB will also indicate CORESET0 parameters.
  • the BS 105 may transmit to the UE 115 a PDCCH transmission using resources defined by a control resource set (CORESET) indicated in the MIB as interpreted based on operating in the first mode.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • the UE 115 should know where to expect the PDCCH by interpreting the CORESET0 parameters according to the first mode.
  • the UE 115 may interpret the CORESET0 as having more than three OFDM symbols.
  • the UE 115 may also interpret the CORESET0 to be at an offset from the SSB that is greater than the difference in respective bandwidths of the CORESET0 and SSB.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an exemplary UE 1000 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the UE 1000 may be a UE 115 discussed above in FIGS. 1 and 4.
  • the UE 1000 may include a processor 1002, a memory 1004, an ATG module 1008, a transceiver 1010 including a modem subsystem 1012 and a radio frequency (RF) unit 1014, and one or more antennas 1016.
  • These elements may be in direct or indirect communication with each other, for example via one or more buses. A combination of these elements may be used to perform the methods and functions described in the various aspects described herein such as those discussed with reference to FIGS. 1-9.
  • the processor 1002 may include a central processing unit (CPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a controller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
  • the processor 1002 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • the memory 1004 may include a cache memory (e.g., a cache memory of the processor 1002) , random access memory (RAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory, solid state memory device, hard disk drives, other forms of volatile and non-volatile memory, or a combination of different types of memory.
  • RAM random access memory
  • MRAM magnetoresistive RAM
  • ROM read-only memory
  • PROM programmable read-only memory
  • EPROM erasable programmable read only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read only memory
  • flash memory solid state memory device
  • hard disk drives other forms of volatile and non-volatile memory, or a combination of different types of memory.
  • memory 1004 may include a ROM that stores a database, where
  • the memory 1004 includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium.
  • the memory 1004 may store, or have recorded thereon, instructions 1006.
  • the instructions 1006 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 1002, cause the processor 1002 to perform the operations described herein with reference to the UEs 115 in connection with aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 1-9.
  • Instructions 1006 may also be referred to as program code.
  • the program code may be for causing a wireless communication device to perform these operations, for example by causing one or more processors (such as processor 1002) to control or command the wireless communication device to do so.
  • the terms “instructions” and “code” should be interpreted broadly to include any type of computer-readable statement (s) .
  • instructions and code may refer to one or more programs, routines, sub-routines, functions, procedures, etc. “Instructions” and “code” may include a single computer-readable statement or many computer-readable statements.
  • the ATG module 1008 may be implemented as utilizing the processor 1010, transceiver 1010, or other components of the UE 1000 either individually or in combination.
  • the ATG module may perform functions such as those described with reference to FIGS. 3-9.
  • the transceiver 1010 may include the modem subsystem 1012 and the RF unit 1014.
  • the transceiver 1010 can be configured to communicate bi-directionally with other devices, such as the BSs 105.
  • the modem subsystem 1012 may be configured to modulate and/or encode the data from the memory 1004 according to a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , e.g., a low-density parity check (LDPC) coding scheme, a turbo coding scheme, a convolutional coding scheme, a digital beamforming scheme, etc.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • LDPC low-density parity check
  • the RF unit 1014 may be configured to process (e.g., perform analog to digital conversion or digital to analog conversion, etc.
  • modulated/encoded data e.g., PUCCH control information, PRACH signals, PUSCH data, beam refinement request, BFR request, beam switch command, reference signals
  • modulated/encoded data e.g., PUCCH control information, PRACH signals, PUSCH data, beam refinement request, BFR request, beam switch command, reference signals
  • the RF unit 1014 may be further configured to perform analog beamforming in conjunction with the digital beamforming.
  • the modem subsystem 1012 and the RF unit 1014 may be separate devices that are coupled together at the UE 115 to enable the UE 115 to communicate with other devices.
  • the RF unit 1014 may provide the modulated and/or processed data, e.g. data packets (or, more generally, data messages that may contain one or more data packets and other information) , to the antennas 1016 for transmission to one or more other devices.
  • the antennas 1016 may further receive data messages transmitted from other devices.
  • the antennas 1016 may provide the received data messages for processing and/or demodulation at the transceiver 1010.
  • the transceiver 1010 may provide the demodulated and decoded data (e.g., SSBs, PBCH, PDSCH, PDCCH) to the processor 1002 processing.
  • the antennas 1016 may include multiple antennas of similar or different designs in order to sustain multiple transmission links.
  • the RF unit 1014 may configure the antennas 1016.
  • the UE 1000 can include multiple transceivers 1010 implementing different RATs (e.g., NR and LTE) .
  • the UE 1000 can include a single transceiver 1010 implementing multiple RATs (e.g., NR and LTE) .
  • the transceiver 1010 can include various components, where different combinations of components can implement different RATs.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an exemplary BS 1100 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the BS 1100 may be a BS 105 in the network 100 as discussed above in FIGS. 1 and 4.
  • the BS 1100 may include a processor 1102, a memory 1104, an ATG module 1108, a transceiver 1110 including a modem subsystem 1112 and a RF unit 1114, and one or more antennas 1116.
  • These elements may be in direct or indirect communication with each other, for example via one or more buses. A combination of these elements may be used to perform the methods and functions described in the various aspects described herein such as those discussed with reference to FIGS. 1-10.
  • the processor 1102 may have various features as a specific-type processor. For example, these may include a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a controller, a FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
  • the processor 1102 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • the memory 1104 may include a cache memory (e.g., a cache memory of the processor 1102) , RAM, MRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, a solid state memory device, one or more hard disk drives, memristor-based arrays, other forms of volatile and non-volatile memory, or a combination of different types of memory.
  • the memory 1104 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium.
  • the memory 1104 may store instructions 1106.
  • the instructions 1106 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 1102, cause the processor 1102 to cause the other components of the base station 1100 to communicate with the UE 1000, such as by transmitting SSBs, configurations, and the like, and actions described above with respect to FIGS. 1-10. Instructions 1106 may also be referred to as code, which may be interpreted broadly to include any type of computer-readable statement (s) as discussed above with respect to FIG. 10.
  • the ATG module 1108 may be implemented as utilizing the processor 1110, transceiver 1110, or other components of the BS 1100 either individually or in combination.
  • the ATG module 1108 may perform functions such as those described with reference to FIGS. 3-9.
  • the transceiver 1110 may include the modem subsystem 1112 and the RF unit 1114.
  • the transceiver 1110 can be configured to communicate bi-directionally with other devices, such as the UEs 115 and/or another core network element.
  • the modem subsystem 1112 may be configured to modulate and/or encode data according to a MCS, e.g., a LDPC coding scheme, a turbo coding scheme, a convolutional coding scheme, a digital beamforming scheme, etc.
  • the RF unit 1114 may be configured to process (e.g., perform analog to digital conversion or digital to analog conversion, etc.
  • modulated/encoded data e.g., SSBs, MIB, SIB, PBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH
  • modulated/encoded data e.g., SSBs, MIB, SIB, PBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH
  • the RF unit 1114 may be further configured to perform analog beamforming in conjunction with the digital beamforming.
  • the modem subsystem 1112 and/or the RF unit 1114 may be separate devices that are coupled together at the BS 105 to enable the BS 105 to communicate with other devices.
  • the RF unit 1114 may provide the modulated and/or processed data, e.g. data packets (or, more generally, data messages that may contain one or more data packets and other information) , to the antennas 1116 for transmission to one or more other devices.
  • the antennas 1116 may further receive data messages transmitted from other devices and provide the received data messages for processing and/or demodulation at the transceiver 1110.
  • the transceiver 1110 may provide the demodulated and decoded data (e.g., PUCCH control information, PRACH signals, PUSCH data) to the processor 1102 for processing.
  • the antennas 1116 may include multiple antennas of similar or different designs in order to sustain multiple transmission links.
  • the BS 1100 can include multiple transceivers 1110 implementing different RATs (e.g., NR and LTE) .
  • the BS 1100 can include a single transceiver 1110 implementing multiple RATs (e.g., NR and LTE) .
  • the transceiver 1110 can include various components, where different combinations of components can implement different RATs.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) .
  • the functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
  • “or” as used in a list of items indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of [at least one of A, B, or C] means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) .
  • a method performed by a user equipment (UE) comprising:
  • the first mode being associated with at least one item selected from a list consisting of: a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater, the UE being an aircraft UE, and a base station being an air to ground (ATG) base station; and
  • MIB master information block
  • CORESET control resource set having more than three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.
  • MIB information comprises a remaining minimum system information configuration (RMSI-config) information.
  • RMSI-config remaining minimum system information configuration
  • a user equipment comprising:
  • a processor configured to control the transceiver and further configured to:
  • the first mode being associated with at least one item selected from a list consisting of: a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater, the UE being an aircraft UE, and a base station being an air to ground (ATG) base station; and
  • MIB master information block
  • CORESET control resource set
  • RB absolute resource block
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • MIB information comprises a remaining minimum system information configuration (RMSI-config) information.
  • RMSI-config remaining minimum system information configuration
  • a user equipment comprising:
  • the first mode being associated with at least one item selected from a list consisting of: a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater, the UE being an aircraft UE, and a base station being an air to ground (ATG) base station; and
  • MIB master information block
  • CORESET control resource set having more than three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in response to operating in the first mode.
  • MIB information comprises a remaining minimum system information configuration (RMSI-config) information.
  • RMSI-config remaining minimum system information configuration
  • a user equipment UE
  • the first mode being associated with at least one item selected from a list consisting of: a numerology having a cyclic prefix greater than 8 ⁇ s, a numerology having a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or greater, the UE being an aircraft UE, and a base station being an air to ground (ATG) base station; and
  • MIB master information block
  • RB control resource set
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • MIB information comprises a remaining minimum system information configuration (RMSI-config) information.
  • RMSI-config remaining minimum system information configuration

Abstract

Un procédé comprend : la détermination du fonctionnement dans un premier mode, le premier mode étant associé à au moins un élément sélectionné dans une liste constituée de : une numérologie ayant un préfixe cyclique supérieur à 8 μs, une numérologie ayant un espacement de sous-porteuse de 60 kHz ou plus, l'UE étant un UE d'aéronef, ou une station de base étant une station de base air-sol (ATG) ; et en réponse au fonctionnement dans le premier mode, interpréter les informations du bloc d'informations principal (MIB) pour identifier un ensemble de ressources de commande (CORESET) ayant plus de trois symboles de multiplexage par répartition en fréquence orthogonale (OFDM), et/ou interpréter les informations du bloc d'informations principal (MIB) pour identifier un CORESET ayant une valeur absolue de décalage de bloc de ressources (RB), par rapport à un bloc de signaux de synchronisation (SSB) associé, supérieure à une différence de largeur de bande entre le CORESET et le SSB associé.
PCT/CN2021/087455 2021-04-15 2021-04-15 Conception de coreset0 pour numérologies non traditionnelles WO2022217534A1 (fr)

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Citations (1)

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US20210045141A1 (en) * 2018-04-13 2021-02-11 Lg Electronics Inc. Data signal acquisition method by terminal in wireless communication system and apparatus for supporting same

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