WO2022214367A1 - Ensemble électronique pour plusieurs fenêtres de caméra pouvant être chauffées - Google Patents

Ensemble électronique pour plusieurs fenêtres de caméra pouvant être chauffées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022214367A1
WO2022214367A1 PCT/EP2022/058347 EP2022058347W WO2022214367A1 WO 2022214367 A1 WO2022214367 A1 WO 2022214367A1 EP 2022058347 W EP2022058347 W EP 2022058347W WO 2022214367 A1 WO2022214367 A1 WO 2022214367A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
heatable coating
area
electrically
contact area
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/058347
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Gallinelli
Francois HERMANGE
Varun RAMESH KUMAR
Markus KEWITZ
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to CN202280002177.8A priority Critical patent/CN115462178A/zh
Publication of WO2022214367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022214367A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transparent pane with more than one heatable coating, a method for its production and its use.
  • Vehicles are increasingly equipped with various sensors or camera systems. Examples are camera systems such as video cameras, night vision cameras, residual light intensifiers, laser range finders or passive infrared detectors. Vehicle identification systems are also increasingly being used, for example, for collecting tolls.
  • Camera systems can use light in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) wavelength ranges. This means that objects, vehicles and people can be precisely identified even in poor weather conditions, such as darkness and fog. These camera systems can be placed in motor vehicles behind the windshield in the passenger compartment. They also offer the opportunity to recognize dangerous situations and obstacles in good time on the road.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • VIS visible
  • IR infrared
  • Panes can therefore have an electrical heating function.
  • laminated panes which have a transparent, electrically conductive coating on an inside surface of one of the individual panes.
  • An electric current can be conducted through the electrically conductive coating by an external voltage source, which current heats up the coating and thus the pane.
  • WO2012/052315 A1 discloses such a heatable, electrically conductive metal-based coating.
  • the electrical contacting of the electrical heating layer typically takes place via busbars, as is known from US2007/0020465 A1.
  • the bus bars consist, for example, of a silver paste that is printed on and burned in.
  • the busbars typically run along the top and bottom edges of the pane.
  • the bus bars collect the current flowing through the electrically conductive coating and direct it to external leads that are connected to a voltage source.
  • the busbars running along the upper and lower edges can also be used to heat several segments of a heating layer in order to provide a more even heating power distribution.
  • Such an arrangement is known, for example, from US20150334779A1, US20170036646A1 and US2878357A1.
  • the segments are formed, for example, by decoated separating lines with a width of 30 to 200 micrometers.
  • the busbars have a typical strip-like shape.
  • the area around the heating layer is free of electrically conductive coatings.
  • US20120103961 A1 discloses a coated and heatable pane, which is partially decoated in a locally defined area.
  • the partially stripped area can be used as a sensor window, for example.
  • the locally delimited area has two collector conductors, which are arranged essentially parallel to the upper edge of the pane and are connected to one another via an ohmic resistor. This can improve the homogeneity of the electric field across the disk, minimizing hot and cold spots on the disk.
  • US20030019860A1 discloses a heating layer over a windshield which is divided into multiple regions and which can be electrically heated by means of a multi-zone busbar arrangement.
  • a general problem with heatable coatings is their still relatively high surface resistance, which requires a high operating voltage, which is higher than the normal on-board voltages of vehicles, in any case if the pane to be heated is large or if the current paths are long.
  • Another problem in this context is the resulting power consumption, which is also increased, due to the high voltage required. If one wanted to lower the surface resistance, this would be possible with the previously known layer systems with a reduction in the transmission visible light, since the conductive layers would have to be thicker. This problem becomes particularly relevant when the sensor area is particularly large in terms of its surface area, as may be necessary when using more than one sensor, for example.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved pane with an electrically heatable sensor area, which can be heated quickly with the lowest possible voltage and power consumption.
  • the pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable sensor area comprises at least the following features: a first pane with a surface, a first and a second electrically heatable coating and at least a first and a second busbar provided for connection to a voltage source.
  • the first and second electrically heatable coatings are each applied to part of the surface and are not in physical contact with one another.
  • the at least first and the at least second bus bar are connected to the first and the second electrically heatable coating in such a way that a first current path is formed via the first electrically heatable coating and a second current path is formed via the second electrically heatable coating for a heating current.
  • the first bus bar is electrically connected both to the first electrically heatable coating and to the second electrically heatable coating.
  • the electrical opposite pole to the first busbar so that a heating current can be formed via the first heatable coating and the second heatable coating, can be either only the second busbar or the second and a third busbar. If only the second busbar is the electrical opposite pole to the first busbar, then this is electrically connected both to the first electrically heatable coating and to the second electrically heatable coating.
  • the second busbar is only with the first electrically heatable coating and the third bus bar is electrically connected to the second electrically heatable coating.
  • the first busbar comprises at least one connection area and a first and a second contact area.
  • the connection area is intended to be connected to the voltage source with a connection line, and the first and second contact areas are electrically conductively connected to the connection area.
  • the first contact area is also materially and electrically connected to the first electrically heatable coating and the second contact area is connected to the second electrically heatable coating.
  • the first contact area and the second contact area are preferably in the form of strips.
  • the current path runs in particular over or through the first and second electrically heatable coating on the surface of the pane.
  • the at least first and the at least second bus bar and the at least first and the at least second heatable coating are arranged in a sensor area.
  • the sensor area can comprise a first and a second sensor window, which are arranged completely within the respective first or second heatable coating.
  • the first sensor window being associated with the first heatable coating and the second sensor window being associated with the second heatable coating.
  • the sensor window means the area on the pane according to the invention which is provided for an optical sensor to see through, so that optical beams which pass through the sensor window can be detected by the sensor.
  • electrically connected or “electrically conductive” means within the meaning of the invention that the objects described are connected to one another in such a way that an electric current can flow through them when an electric voltage is applied.
  • the objects described can be in physical contact with one another or can be connected to one another via one or more electrical connections (for example a cable).
  • Panes with an electrically heatable sensor area which is suitable for viewing more than one sensor and in which the sensors are adjacent to one another, usually have a larger-area heatable coating than is provided for individual sensors. The heatable coating must also allow the highest possible transmission so that optical sensors can function properly.
  • Ps is the power per unit area [Wnr 2 ]
  • Rs is the sheet resistance [W sq 1 ]
  • L is the distance between the busbars [m].
  • the distance between the busbars refers to the length of the current path that forms between the busbars. So the distance between the contact points of the different busbars, which are connected to the first and second heatable coating. As can be seen from the formula, the electrical voltage can be reduced for the same power if the distance between the busbars is reduced.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the arrangement of the at least first and second busbars can reduce the distance through which a heating current must flow.
  • the distance from the first busbar at the point of contact with the second electrically heatable coating to the second busbar at the point of contact with the second electrically heatable coating is measured. This becomes analogous for the first electrically heatable coating and the contact points of the first and second bus bar measured.
  • electrical work can be saved or the voltage required for heating the sensor area can be reduced. This benefit is particularly effective in modern electric vehicles, where increased electric power consumption is associated with reduced driving range.
  • a voltage that is as standardized as possible and does not exceed 14 V is desired, since otherwise additional material costs could arise, for example for the use of a DC voltage converter.
  • the first contact area and the second contact area of the first busbar are offset perpendicular to their direction of extension.
  • the first contact area and the second contact area are also preferably in the form of strips and are arranged parallel to one another.
  • the first busbar is connected to a voltage source, for example via an upper edge of the pane according to the invention.
  • the first busbar and the first and second contact areas preferably extend perpendicularly to the upper edge of the pane.
  • the first contact area and the second contact area can be connected by means of a connection area, which is arranged essentially perpendicularly to the direction in which the first and second contact areas extend. This results, for example, in a type of J-shape in a plan view of the pane.
  • the first and the second contact area are each electrically connected directly to the connection area. This preferably results in a fork-like shape (symmetrical or asymmetrical Y-shape) in a plan view of the disc.
  • the vertical displacement of the first and the second contact area is particularly preferred when the pane according to the invention is installed as a windscreen in a vehicle.
  • the electrical contacting of busbars is usually done here via the upper or lower edge of the windshield.
  • the sensor windows are preferably arranged next to one another along the upper or lower edge and not along the side edges connecting the upper and lower edge. In such a constellation, the advantageous use of the busbar according to the invention with the two contact areas in comparison to two busbars, each with only one contact area, becomes particularly clear.
  • the first contact area and the second contact area of the first busbar are not in spatial contact with one another (ie they do not touch).
  • the first contact area and the are particularly preferred second contact area of the first bus bar with a distance of 10 mm to 10 cm, preferably 50 mm to 5 cm, spaced apart.
  • the first contact area and the second contact area are preferably arranged parallel to one another.
  • no electrically conductive layer is arranged between the first contact area and the second contact area.
  • an electrically conductive layer, preferably the heating layer can be arranged between the first and the second contact region. In this case, the first contact area and the second contact area of the first bus bar are not electrically connected to the heating layer.
  • the first contact area and the second contact area of the first bus bar are preferably arranged between the first heatable coating and the second heatable coating. Due to the distance between the contact areas, it is possible to selectively heat many different areas with as little material as possible. The distance plays a role in particular in the heating of sensor windows, since these are usually not arranged directly adjacent to one another, but rather at a distance from one another. The additional heating of this area between two sensor windows requires additional material (electrically heatable coating) and energy. For cost reasons, this should therefore be avoided.
  • connection area of the first busbar is spatially directly connected to the first and second contact area of the first busbar.
  • This configuration of the first busbar preferably resembles the shape of a two-pronged fork or a “Y” shape in the top view of the sensor area.
  • the first busbar resembles a "J" shape in plan view.
  • the first contact area and the second contact area of the first busbar are preferably arranged at a distance from one another of 10 mm to 10 cm, preferably 50 mm to 5 cm. This configuration requires particularly low material costs, since no additional components are required to connect the contact areas.
  • connection area is spatially connected only to the first or second contact area.
  • a connection area connects the first and second contact areas spatially directly and electrically conductively.
  • the connection area is preferably located exclusively between the first and second contact area, so that as little material as possible has to be used. This refinement reduces the space required, since the connection area can be connected without widening the contact area. Since collecting conductors usually are masked on the pane for optical reasons, it makes sense to reduce the space required.
  • the second busbar comprises at least one connection area, which is intended to be connected to the voltage source with a connection line, and a first and a second contact area, which are electrically conductively connected to the connection area.
  • the first contact area is connected to the first electrically heatable coating and the second contact area is connected to the second electrically heatable coating.
  • connection area of the second busbar is physically directly connected only to the first or second contact area, and a connecting area directly and electrically conductively connects the first contact area and the second contact area of the second busbar.
  • the second busbar is physically connected directly and electrically conductively to the first electrically heatable coating and a third busbar is connected to the second electrically heatable coating.
  • the second and third busbars are connected to the electrically heatable coatings in such a way that the first current path between the first busbar and the second busbar via the first electrically heatable coating and between the first busbar and the third busbar the second current path via the second heatable coating is shaped for a heating current.
  • the first contact area and the second contact area are preferably arranged between the second and the third bus bar.
  • the senor which detects optical rays when looking through the first electrically heatable coating, cannot have a restricted view.
  • the sensor which is transparent through the second electrically heatable coating optical beams detected, be subject to reduced visibility in the form of icing of the sensor window. In this case, only the heating current for the second heatable coating can be adjusted individually, whereas no current flows over the first heatable coating. Electrical work can thereby be saved.
  • the number of busbars and electrically heatable coatings arranged in the sensor area can be freely determined.
  • a further current path for a heating current is preferably formed with each further electrically heatable coating.
  • the number of busbars used is preferably the number of electrically heatable coatings or one less than the number of electrically heatable coatings.
  • the first electrically heatable coating is arranged between the first contact area of the first busbar and the first contact area of the second busbar.
  • the second electrically heatable coating is arranged between the second contact area of the first busbar and the second contact area of the second busbar.
  • the first contact area and the second contact area of the first busbar is arranged between the first contact area and the second contact area of the second busbar.
  • the first pane has an electrically conductive heating layer surrounding the first and the second heatable coating.
  • the first and the second electrically heatable coating are surrounded by an electrically conductive coating, it is important to keep the amount and number of busbars small. Busbars must be routed over the surrounding electrically conductive heating layer in an electrically insulated manner in order to be able to be connected to the first and the second electrically heatable coating. Materials and complex process steps for insulating the bus bars can therefore be reduced by the sensor area according to the invention.
  • first and second heatable coatings are partially and preferably completely electrically or galvanically and/or materially separated from the surrounding coating by a coating-free separating line.
  • the width of the dividing line is preferably from 30 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m and particularly preferably from 70 ⁇ m to 140 ⁇ m.
  • the dividing line between the first and the second heatable coating can also be wider than in the other areas.
  • the dividing line between the first and the second heatable coating particularly preferably has a width of 1 cm to 10 cm. Such a separating line allows the electrical structures within the sensor area to be isolated from a heating layer in the vicinity of the sensor area without short circuits.
  • the heating layer is preferably transparent and electrically conductive. It can be applied to part of the surface of the first pane.
  • the heating layer can have an IR-reflecting effect. Irrespective of an IR-reflecting effect of the heating layer, the coating galvanically separated from the first and second heatable coating in the area can also be used to heat the rest of the pane.
  • at least two outer busbars provided for connection to the voltage source or to a further voltage source are connected to the heating layer surrounding the sensor area in such a way that a current path for a heating current is formed between the outer busbars.
  • the outer busbars are not electrically connected to the at least first, second, and optionally third busbars.
  • the outer busbars are preferably arranged in the edge area along two opposite side edges of the heating layer.
  • “transparent” means that the overall transmission of the laminated pane corresponds to the legal provisions for windshields and preferably has a permeability of more than 50% and particularly preferably more than 60%, in particular more than 70%, for visible light .
  • the laminated pane can have sections that are not transparent.
  • "opaque” means a light transmission of less than 10%, preferably less than 5% and in particular 0%.
  • the width of the at least first busbar inside and optionally outside the sensor area is preferably from 2 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably from 4 mm to 20 mm and in particular from 10 mm to 20 mm.
  • Thinner busbars lead to an excessively high electrical resistance and thus to excessive heating of the busbar during operation.
  • thinner bus bars are difficult to produce by printing techniques such as screen printing.
  • Thicker busbars require an undesirably high use of material. Furthermore, they lead to an excessive and unaesthetic restriction of the viewing area of the pane.
  • the length of the bus bar depends on the extent of the area to be heated. For a bus bar formed in the form of a strip, the longer of its dimensions is referred to as the length and the shorter of its dimensions is referred to as the width.
  • the outer busbars are preferably arranged along a side edge on the heating layer and in particular run approximately parallel to one another.
  • the length of the outer busbar is typically substantially equal to the length of the side edge of the heater layer, but may be slightly greater or lesser. More than two outer busbars can also be arranged on the heating layer, preferably in the edge area along two opposite side edges of the heating layer. More than two outer busbars can also be arranged on the heating layer, for example around two or more independent heating fields.
  • the at least first, second and/or third bus bar is applied to the surface of the first pane and/or the heating layer and/or the first and second heatable coating by means of soldering or gluing.
  • the busbars applied in this way are preferably in the form of wire or strips of an electrically conductive foil.
  • the busbars then contain, for example, at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof.
  • the strip preferably has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m. Busbars made of electrically conductive foils with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.
  • the strip can be connected to the electrically conductive structure, for example via a solder mass an electrically conductive adhesive or be electrically conductively connected by direct application.
  • the at least first, second and/or third busbar is designed as a printed and burned-in conductive structure.
  • the printed busbars preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal compound and/or carbon, particularly preferably a noble metal and in particular silver.
  • the printing paste preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon and, in particular, noble metal particles such as silver particles.
  • the electrical conductivity is preferably achieved by the electrically conductive particles.
  • the particles can be in an organic and/or inorganic matrix such as pastes or inks, preferably as a printing paste with glass frits.
  • the layer thickness of the printed bus bars is preferably from 5 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 8 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably from 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m.
  • Printed busbars with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.
  • the specific resistance p a of the at least first, second and/or third busbar is preferably from 0.8 pOhmvcm to 7.0 pOhmvcm and particularly preferably from 1.0 pOhmvcm to 2.5 pOhmvcm. Busbars with specific resistances in this range are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.
  • the at least first, second and/or third bus bar can have physical contact with the surrounding heating layer.
  • the at least first, second and/or third busbar is surrounded by an electrical insulating layer in the area of physical contact with the heating layer, so that the busbars are not electrically connected to the heating layer.
  • the insulating layer is preferably a polyimide-based polymeric coating.
  • the coatings can be advantageous to protect the coatings with a protective layer, for example a paint, a polymer film and/or a second pane.
  • a protective layer for example a paint, a polymer film and/or a second pane.
  • the surface of the first pane, on which the first and second heatable coating are arranged is connected over a surface area to a second pane via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the intermediate layer preferably contains at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also, for example, be polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene, or copolymers or mixtures thereof.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of a thermoplastic film preferably being from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
  • a laminated pane consisting of a first pane, an intermediate layer and a second pane
  • the heating layer and/or the first and the second electrically heatable coating can be applied directly to the first pane or to a carrier film or to the intermediate layer itself.
  • the first pane and the second pane each have an inside surface and an outside surface.
  • the inside surfaces of the first and second panes face each other and are bonded together by the thermoplastic interlayer.
  • the outside surfaces of the first and second discs face away from each other and from the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the first and second electrically heatable coatings are applied to the inside surface of the first pane.
  • a further electrically heatable coating and/or a heating layer can also be applied to the inside surface of the second pane.
  • first pane and second pane are chosen to differentiate between the two panes in a composite pane according to the invention. With the terms is no statement about the connected geometric arrangement. If the pane according to the invention is intended, for example, to separate the interior from the outside environment in an opening, for example of a vehicle or a building, the first pane can face the interior or the outside environment.
  • the first and second electrically heatable coatings typically contain one or more, for example two, three or four, electrically conductive functional layers.
  • the functional layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium or a metal alloy.
  • the functional layers particularly preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal.
  • the functional layers can consist of the metal or the metal alloy.
  • the functional layers particularly preferably contain silver or an alloy containing silver. Such functional layers have a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity combined with high transmission in the visible spectral range.
  • the thickness of a functional layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm.
  • the first and the second electrically heatable coating preferably each extend over an area from 10 cm 2 to 1000 cm 2 , particularly preferably from 20 cm 2 to 100 cm 2 .
  • At least one dielectric layer is typically arranged in each case between two adjacent functional layers of the coating.
  • a further dielectric layer is preferably arranged below the first and/or above the last functional layer.
  • a dielectric layer contains at least a single layer of a dielectric material, for example containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide.
  • dielectric layers can also comprise a plurality of individual layers, for example individual layers of a dielectric material, smoothing layers, matching layers, blocking layers and/or antireflection layers.
  • the thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm.
  • the first and second electrically heatable coating and the heating layer can particularly preferably contain indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnC>2:F) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • SnC>2:F fluorine-doped tin oxide
  • ZnO:Al aluminum-doped zinc oxide
  • the first and/or the second electrically heatable coating are designed as coated carrier foils.
  • the carrier film is preferably based on polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the coating of the carrier foil can contain one or more layers of indium tin oxide (I ⁇ C SnCk).
  • the layer thickness is preferably from 15 nm to 300 nm.
  • the use of carrier foils with an indium tin oxide coating is particularly advantageous if the highest possible light transmission is required. Compared to silver-based coatings, light transmission loss is reduced; it's down 1% to 10% compared to a 10% to 20% loss for silver.
  • the first and second electrically heatable coatings can also contain or consist of Carbo NanoBud (CNB).
  • CNB are a modification of carbon.
  • the carbon atoms are covalently bonded to form fullerenes that are arranged as nanometer-sized tubes. They combine the properties of fullerenes with those of nanotubes, resulting in high mechanical stability and good electrical properties at the same time.
  • the first and second electrically heatable coating can advantageously also consist of wires, with the diameter of the wires preferably being 2 ⁇ m or smaller, particularly preferably 1 ⁇ m or smaller and in particular 300 nm or smaller.
  • the diameter of the wire means the diameter of the base area of the wire and not the diameter of the outer surface.
  • the wires preferably contain or consist of copper. It has been shown that an improved heating capacity can be achieved by means of the wires.
  • the first and second electrically heatable coating and the heating layer can be any coating that is to be electrically contacted and has sufficient transparency.
  • the first and second electrically heatable coating and the heating layer are preferably transparent to electromagnetic radiation, particularly preferably to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 300 nm to 1,300 nm and in particular to visible light.
  • the first and second electrically heatable coating and/or the heating layer are a layer or a layer structure of several individual layers with a total thickness of less than or equal to 2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m.
  • An advantageous electrically heatable coating and heating layer has a sheet resistance of 0.1 ohms/square to 100 ohms/square.
  • the first and second electrically heatable coating has a surface resistance of 0.4 ohms/square to 10 ohms/square and in particular of 0.5 ohms/square to 1 ohms/square. Coatings with surface resistances of this type are particularly suitable for heating vehicle windows with typical on-board voltages of 12 V to 48 V or in electric vehicles with typical on-board voltages of up to 500 V.
  • the heating layer can extend over the entire surface of the first pane. Alternatively, however, the heating layer can also extend over only part of the surface of the first pane.
  • the heating layer preferably extends over at least 50%, particularly preferably over at least 70% and very particularly preferably over at least 90% of the inside surface of the first pane.
  • the heating layer can also have one or more coating-free areas.
  • the inside surface of the first pane has a peripheral edge area with a width of 2 mm to 50 mm, preferably 5 mm to 20 mm, which is not provided with the heating layer.
  • the heating layer then has no contact with the atmosphere and is advantageously protected from damage and corrosion inside the pane by the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the first pane and, if present, the second pane preferably contain glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide , polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
  • the first pane and/or the second pane are preferably transparent, in particular for using the pane as a Windshield or rear window of a vehicle or other uses where high light transmission is desired.
  • the transmission can also be much lower, for example greater than 5%.
  • the thickness of the pane can vary widely and can thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the size of the disc can vary widely and depends on the size of the use according to the invention.
  • the first pane and optionally the second pane have areas of 200 cm 2 up to 20 m 2 , which are common in vehicle construction and architecture, for example.
  • the disc can have any three-dimensional shape.
  • the three-dimensional shape has no shadow zones so that it can be coated by, for example, sputtering.
  • the first pane and/or the second pane are planar or slightly or heavily curved in one or more directions of space.
  • planar discs are used.
  • the discs can be colorless or colored.
  • the at least first, second and/or third busbar is electrically contacted by one or more connecting lines.
  • the connection line is preferably designed as a flexible film conductor (flat conductor, ribbon conductor). This is understood to mean an electrical conductor whose width is significantly greater than its thickness.
  • a foil conductor is, for example, a strip or band containing or consisting of copper, tinned copper, aluminum, silver, gold or alloys thereof.
  • the foil conductor has, for example, a width of 2 mm to 16 mm and a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm.
  • the foil conductor can have an insulating, preferably polymeric, sheathing, for example based on polyimide.
  • Foil conductors that are suitable for contacting electrically heatable coatings or heating layers in panes only have a total thickness of 0.3 mm, for example. Such thin foil conductors can be embedded without difficulty between the individual discs in the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • a foil conductor strip can contain several conductive layers that are electrically insulated from one another.
  • thin metal wires can also be used as the electrical connection line.
  • the metal wires contain in particular copper, tungsten, gold, silver or aluminum or alloys of at least two of these metals.
  • the alloys can also contain molybdenum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, palladium or platinum.
  • the at least one electrical connection line is connected to a contact strip, for example by means of a soldering compound or an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • the contact strip is then connected to at least the first, second and/or third busbar.
  • the contact strip is an extension of the connection line, so that the connecting surface between the contact strip and the busbar is to be understood as the contact surface from which the distance runs in the direction of extension of the busbar.
  • the contact strip preferably contains at least one metal, particularly preferably copper, tinned copper, silver, gold, aluminum, zinc, tungsten and/or tin. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the electrical conductivity of the contact strip.
  • the contact strip can also contain alloys, which preferably contain one or more of the elements mentioned and optionally other elements, for example brass or bronze.
  • the contact strip is preferably designed as a strip of a thin, electrically conductive film.
  • the thickness of the contact strip is preferably from 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 15 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably from 50 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. Films with these thicknesses are technically easy to produce and readily available, and they also have an advantageously low electrical resistance.
  • connection line of the at least first and/or second busbar is preferably designed in the form of a contact strip or cable, with the connection line extending beyond the edge area of the pane.
  • the cable or the contact strip can be attached to the edge area of the pane according to the invention by means of soldering or gluing to the electrical connection line.
  • the invention further includes a method for producing a pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable sensor area, at least comprising: (a) Applying at least a first and a second electrically heatable coating to a portion of the surface of a first pane such that the first and second electrically heatable coatings are not in direct contact with each other.
  • the first busbar comprises at least one connection area, which is intended to be connected to the voltage source with a connection line, and a first and a second contact area, which are electrically conductively connected to the connection area.
  • the first contact area is also connected to the first electrically heatable coating and the second contact area is connected to the second electrically heatable coating.
  • the first and second electrically heatable coatings can be applied in method step (a) by methods known per se, preferably by cathode sputtering supported by a magnetic field. This is particularly advantageous with regard to a simple, quick, inexpensive and uniform coating of the first pane.
  • the electrically heatable coatings can also be applied, for example, by vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD) or by wet-chemical processes.
  • the first pane can be subjected to a temperature treatment during or after method step (a).
  • the first pane with the at least first and second electrically heatable coating is heated to a temperature of at least 200.degree. C., preferably at least 300.degree.
  • the temperature treatment can serve to increase the transmission and/or to reduce the surface resistance of the first and second electrically heatable coating.
  • the first sheet can be bent after step (a), typically at a temperature of 500°C to 700°C. Since it is technically easier to coat a flat pane, this procedure is advantageous if the first pane is to be bent.
  • the first pane can also be bent before or during method step (a). be, for example, if the first and / or second electrically heatable coating is not suitable to survive a bending process without damage.
  • the at least first and/or second busbar is applied in method step (b) preferably by printing and baking an electrically conductive paste in a screen printing process or in an inkjet process.
  • the bus bar can be applied to the electrically heatable coating as a strip of an electrically conductive film, preferably laid on, soldered on or glued on.
  • the lateral shape is created by masking the fabric through which the printing paste with the metal particles is pressed.
  • the width of the busbar can be predetermined and varied in a particularly simple manner.
  • the first pane is arranged in such a way that that of its surfaces which is provided with the first and second electrically heatable coating faces the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The surface thereby becomes the inside surface of the first pane.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by a single thermoplastic foil or by two or more thermoplastic foils which are arranged one on top of the other in terms of surface area.
  • the lamination of the first and second panes in process step (d) preferably takes place under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure. Methods known per se can be used to produce a laminated pane.
  • so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours will.
  • Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 80°C to 110°C.
  • the first pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the second pane can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane.
  • Plants of this type are known for the production of discs and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant.
  • the temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice.
  • vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the first pane and the second pane are laminated within about 60 minutes, for example, at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 °C to 170 °C.
  • the invention also includes the use of the pane according to the invention with electrical contacting in buildings, in particular in the entrance area, window area, roof area or facade area, as a built-in part in furniture and appliances, in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in trains , ships and in particular motor vehicles, for example as a windshield, rear window, side window and/or roof window.
  • the use includes optical sensors and camera systems, in particular for vision-based driver assistance systems, ADAS or Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, ADAS, whose beam path runs through the sensor area.
  • FIG. 1A shows a plan view of an embodiment of the pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable sensor area
  • FIG. 1B shows an enlarged view of an embodiment of a first busbar
  • FIG. 1C shows an enlarged view of the sensor area from FIG. 1A
  • Figure 1D is a cross-sectional view taken along section line AA' through the pane of Figure 1A,
  • FIG. 2A shows an enlarged representation of a further embodiment of the first busbar
  • FIG. 2B shows a further enlarged view of the design of the sensor area with the busbar from FIG. 2A and
  • FIGS. 3-6 show different enlarged configurations of the sensor area of the pane according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1A shows a plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a pane 100 according to the invention with an electrically heatable sensor area 3.
  • FIG. 1C shows an enlarged representation of the sensor area 3 from FIG. 1A and
  • FIG. 1D shows a cross section through the pane 100 according to the invention from FIG. 1A along the section line AA′.
  • the pane 100 comprises, among other things, a heating layer 6 which is applied to the first pane 1.
  • FIG. The heating layer 6 is a layer system which contains, for example, three electrically conductive silver layers which are separated from one another by dielectric layers.
  • the heating layer 6 conducts electricity and is transparent. If a current flows through the heating layer 6, it is due to their electrical resistance and Joule heat generation.
  • the heating layer 6 can be supplied with power, for example, via two or more busbars, which are in material and electrical contact in the edge area on the upper and lower edge or the side edges on the outer surface III of the first pane 1 and with the heating layer 6 (not shown here ).
  • the heating layer 6 is arranged, for example, on the outer surface III of the first pane 1 and extends over the entire outer surface III of the first pane 1 minus the sensor area 3, and a frame-shaped and uncoated area surrounding the first pane 1 with a width of 8 mm, for example.
  • the uncoated area is used for electrical insulation between the heating layer 6 and the vehicle body.
  • the uncoated area is hermetically sealed by gluing to the thermoplastic intermediate layer 14 in order to protect the sensor area 3 and the heating layer 6 from damage and corrosion.
  • Figure 1C shows an enlarged sensor area 3 in a plan view of the outside III of the windshield 100.
  • the sensor area 3 is surrounded by a coating-free dividing line 11, which materially and galvanically (i.e for direct currents) separates from the surrounding heating layer 6.
  • the dividing line 11 has a width of 100 ⁇ m, for example, in which the heating layer 6 has been completely removed.
  • the dividing line 11 is produced, for example, by laser structuring (laser ablation).
  • the dividing line 11 can have a greater width between the first and second heatable coating 10.1, 10.2.
  • the first and second heatable coating 10.1, 10.2 are arranged within the sensor area 3 and each consist, for example, of a PET film that is coated with one or more indium tin oxide coatings.
  • the layer thickness of all layers is, for example, in a range from 15 nm to 50 nm.
  • the first and second heatable coating 10.1, 10.2 are not in physical contact with one another, but are separated by an uncoated area. They are arranged side by side in plan view of the pane 100 from the left side edge of the pane 100 to the right side edge of the pane 100 . As shown in FIG. 4, an arrangement from the top edge of pane 100 to the bottom edge of pane 100, ie from top to bottom, is also possible.
  • the silver layer has a thickness of 300 nm, for example, and the PET film has a thickness of 0.1 mm, for example.
  • the heatable coatings 10.1, 10.2 are arranged on the first disc 1.
  • the first and second heatable coating 10.1, 10.2 are suitable for ensuring that an optical sensor 12 can see through.
  • two sensor windows 2.1, 2.2, ie the areas of pane 100 through which an optical sensor 12 can detect an optical beam path are arranged completely inside the heatable coatings 10.1, 10.2.
  • One sensor window 2.1 is arranged within the first heatable coating 10.1 and the other sensor window 2.2 is arranged within the second heatable coating 10.2. This arrangement makes it possible, for example, to attach two optical sensors 12, each with a heatable sensor window 2.1, 2.2, to the window pane 100 according to the invention.
  • One of the sensors 12 is shown schematically in cross section in FIG. 1D.
  • a left second bus bar 9.2 is arranged on the left edge area of the first heatable coating 10.1 and a right third bus bar 9.3 on the right edge area of the second heatable coating 10.2 on the heatable coatings 10.1, 10.2.
  • These outer bus bars 9.2, 9.3 are separated from one another by a total distance M in the area of the heatable coatings 10.1, 10.2.
  • a central first busbar 9.1 is arranged between the second and third busbars 9.2, 9.3.
  • the middle first busbar 9.1 can be divided into three areas: a connection area 7.1, a first contact area 8.1 and a second contact area 8.2.
  • the connection area 7.1 is electrically connected to a voltage source 5 and materially and electrically connected to the two contact areas 8.1, 8.2.
  • the middle first bus bar 9.1 is “Y”-shaped in the plan view of the sensor area 3.
  • the middle first bus bar 9.1 is arranged with the first contact area 8.1 on the right edge area of the first heatable coating 10.1 and with the second contact area 8.2 on the left edge area of the second heatable coating 10.2.
  • the left second busbar 9.2 is at a distance L.1 from the first contact area 8.1 of the middle first busbar 9.1.
  • the right third busbar 9.3 is at a distance L.2 from the second contact area 8.2 of the middle first busbar 9.1. Due to the arrangement of the busbars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, the total distance M is greater than the total individual distances L.1, L.2.
  • the busbars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 contain silver particles, for example, and were applied using the screen printing process and then burned in.
  • the first, second and third busbars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 shown in FIG. 1C can have physical contact with the heating layer 6 surrounding the sensor region 3. In this case, however, the busbars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 in the material contact with the heating layer 6 with a Surrounded electrical insulating layer, so that the bus bars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 are not electrically connected to the heating layer 6.
  • the insulating layer is, for example, a polyimide-based polymeric coating.
  • the second and third busbars 9.2, 9.3 have a different electrical potential than the central first busbar 9.1. This is necessary so that an electric current can flow between the left-hand second busbar 9.2 and the middle first busbar 9.1 and also between the right-hand third busbar 9.3 and the middle first busbar 9.1.
  • the electrical voltage that can be applied across the first and second heatable coating 10.1, 10.2 can be set individually for each coating 10.1, 10.2 via the outer second and third bus bar 9.2, 9.3.
  • the electric current flowing through the heatable coatings 10.1, 10.2 can cause the sensor area 3 and in particular the sensor windows 2.1, 2.2. be heated.
  • Such an arrangement of heatable coatings 10.1, 10.2 and busbars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 enables the voltage of the first and second heatable coating 10.1, 10.2 to be set individually.
  • the sensor windows 2.1, 2.2 can be heated independently of one another and as required by a heating current.
  • the electrical resistance across the sensor area 3 can be reduced due to the arrangement of the central first busbar 9.1. This is related to the smaller distances L.1, L.2 between the left second bus bar 9.2 and the first contact area 8.1 and the right third bus bar 9.3 and the second contact area 8.2 compared to the total distance M.
  • the lower resistance requires a lower voltage and associated lower power consumption than would be required in a generic example in which a heating current has to flow over a heatable coating with the total distance M.
  • Each busbar 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 is led to a connection area, each with a connecting line 4.1. 4.2, 4.3, which connects the bus bars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 to a voltage source 5.
  • the connecting lines 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 can be designed as foil conductors known per se, which are electrically conductively connected via a contact surface to the first, second and third busbars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, for example by means of a soldering compound, an electrically conductive adhesive or by simple Resting and pressing within the pane 100.
  • the foil conductor contains, for example, a tinned copper foil with a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm. The foil conductors can go into connection cables that are connected to the voltage source 5.
  • the voltage source 5 provides, for example, an on-board voltage that is customary for motor vehicles, preferably from 12 V to 15 V and, for example, about 14 V.
  • the 14 V voltage source can also have higher voltages, for example from 35 V to 45 V and in particular 42 V.
  • the first, second and third busbars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 have a constant thickness of, for example, approximately 10 ⁇ m and a constant specific resistance of, for example, 2.3 pOhmvcm.
  • the first and second heatable coating 10.1, 10.2 have a surface resistance of 1.0 ohm/square, for example.
  • first, second and third busbars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 and the connections and the connecting lines 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 can be covered by opaque layers of paint known per se as a cover print (not shown here).
  • the pane 100 comprises a first pane 1 and a second pane 13, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 14.
  • the pane 100 is, for example, a vehicle pane and in particular the windshield of a passenger car, which has an upper edge and an opposite lower edge as well as two shorter side edges.
  • the first pane 1 is provided, for example, to face the interior in the installed position.
  • the first pane 1 and the second pane 13 are made of soda-lime glass.
  • the thickness of the first pane 1 is 1.6 mm, for example, and the thickness of the second pane 13 is 2.1 mm.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 14 contains, for example, for the most part polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has a thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • the second pane 13 has an outer surface I facing the external environment and an inner surface II facing the interior.
  • the first pane 1 has an outer surface III facing the external environment and an inner surface IV facing the interior.
  • FIG. 2A shows a further possible embodiment of the central first bus bar 9.1.
  • the variant shown in FIG. 2B essentially corresponds to the variant from FIG. 1C, so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise reference is made to the description of FIG. 1C.
  • the one shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B first busbar 9.1 are divided into four areas: a connection area 7.1, a first contact area 8.1, a second contact area 8.2 and a connection area 15.1.
  • the connection area 7.1 is electrically connected to a voltage source 5 and materially and electrically connected to the second contact area 8.2.
  • the connection area 15.1 materially and electrically connects the first contact area 8.1 to the second contact area 8.2.
  • the middle first bus bar 9.1 is designed in the shape of a “J” in the plan view of the sensor area 3.
  • the variant shown in FIG. 3 essentially corresponds to the variant from FIG. 1C, so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise reference is made to the description of FIG. 1C.
  • the outer first and second busbars 9.2, 9.3 (shown in Figure 1C) have been replaced by a single outer second busbar 9.2.
  • the outer second bus bar 9.2 shown in FIG. 3 can be divided into four areas: a connection area 7.2, a first contact area 8.3, a second contact area 8.4 and a connection area 15.2.
  • the connection area 7.2 is electrically connected to a voltage source 5 and materially and electrically connected to the second contact area 8.4. However, in contrast to what is shown here, it can also be connected to the first contact region 8.3 instead of to the second one 8.4.
  • connection area 15.2 materially and electrically connects the first contact area 8.3 to the second contact area 8.4.
  • the first contact area 8.3 is arranged on the left edge area of the first heatable coating 10.1 in a partial overlap with the first heatable coating 10.1.
  • the second contact area 8.4 is correspondingly arranged on the right edge area of the second heatable coating 10.2 in partial overlap with the second heatable coating 10.2.
  • the second bus bar 9.2 is “J”-shaped in the top view of the sensor area 3 .
  • the variant shown in FIG. 4 essentially corresponds to the variant from FIG Figure 3 is referenced.
  • the first and second heatable coatings 10.1, 10.2 are not arranged from left to right along the top and bottom edge of pane 100, but rather from top to bottom along the side edges.
  • the first and second bus bars 9.1, 9.2 are accordingly not arranged along the left and right edge areas of the heatable coatings 10.1, 10.2, but rather along the upper and lower edge areas.
  • the connection area 7.2 of the outer second busbar 9.2 is also in material and electrical contact with the first and second contact area 8.3, 8.4.
  • the outer second busbar 9.2 also has no
  • the first busbar 9.1 is "Y"-shaped, but rotated by 90°, so that the first and second contact areas 8.1, 8.2 are arranged in parallel along the upper and lower edges of the pane 100.
  • the connection area 7.1 is also partially arranged along the upper and lower edges of the pane 100. A part of the connection area is arranged along the side edges of the disc 100 .
  • the first and second contact area 8.3, 8.4 of the second busbar 9.2 is also arranged along the upper and lower edges of the pane 100.
  • the connection area 7.2 of the second busbar 9.2 is arranged linearly along the side edges of the pane 100, so that the connection area 7.2 is materially and electrically conductively connected to the first and second contact areas 8.3, 8.4 on the right-hand edge area.
  • the variant shown in FIG. 5 essentially corresponds to the variant from FIG. 4, so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise reference is made to the description of FIG.
  • the first busbar 9.1 and the second busbar 9.2 are linear and each include a connection area 7.1, 7.2, a first contact area 8.1, 8.3, a connection area 15.1, 15.2 and a second contact area 8.2, 8.4.
  • the first bus bar 9.1 is arranged along the left edge region of the first and second heatable coating 10.1, 10.2 and is electrically conductively and materially connected to the coatings 10.1, 10.2.
  • the second bus bar 9.2 is arranged along the right edge region of the first and second heatable coating 10.1, 10.2 and is electrically conductively and materially connected to the coatings 10.1, 10.2.
  • the first contact area 8.1, 8.3 of the respective first and second bus bar 9.1, 9.2 is materially and electrically conductively connected to the first heatable coating 10.1.
  • the second contact area 8.2, 8.4 of the respective first and second bus bar 9.1, 9.2 is materially and electrically conductively connected to the second heatable coating 10.2.
  • the first and second bus bars 9.1, 9.2 are connected to the first and second heatable coating 10.1, 10.2 in such a way that a heating current can flow between the first and second bus bars 9.1, 9.2 and through or over the first and second heatable coating 10.1, 10.2.
  • This variant is particularly energy-saving and requires very little material.
  • the attachment of the busbars 9.1, 9.2 is also particularly advantageous in terms of process complexity, since the busbars are of linear design.
  • the variant of the electrically heatable sensor area 3 shown in FIG. 6 represents an expansion of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1C.
  • the sensor area 3 has been expanded to include a further heatable coating 10.3 and a further fourth busbar 9.4, which is designed in the form of the busbar shown in FIG. 1B.
  • a further heatable coating 10.3 is designed in the form of the busbar shown in FIG. 1B.
  • another individually heatable sensor window 2.3 is arranged.
  • further heatable coatings 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 with sensor windows 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and busbars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4 can be arranged next to one another according to the desired number of sensors. It goes without saying that the
  • Shapes of the bus bars 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4 is not limited to the shapes shown in FIG.

Landscapes

  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une vitre (100) présentant une zone de détection pouvant être chauffée électriquement (3), qui comprend au moins : une première vitre (1) présentant une surface, au moins un premier et un deuxième revêtement pouvant être chauffé électriquement (10.1, 10.2) qui sont respectivement appliqués sur une partie de la surface et ne sont pas en contact direct l'un avec l'autre ; au moins un premier et un deuxième conducteur collecteur (9.1, 9.2) destinés à être raccordés à une source de tension (5) et qui sont raccordés au premier et au deuxième revêtement pouvant être chauffé électriquement (10.1, 10.2) de façon qu'au moins un premier trajet de courant soit formé sur le premier revêtement pouvant être chauffé électriquement (10.1) et qu'un deuxième trajet de courant soit formé sur le second revêtement pouvant être chauffé électriquement (10.2) pour un courant de chauffage ; au moins une couche chauffante (6) qui entoure le premier et le deuxième revêtement pouvant être chauffé ; et au moins deux conducteurs collecteurs extérieurs qui sont destinés à être raccordés à la source de tension (5) ou à une autre source de tension et qui sont reliés à la couche chauffante (6) de façon qu'un trajet de courant pour un courant de chauffage soit formé entre les conducteurs collecteurs extérieurs. Le premier conducteur collecteur (9.1) comprend au moins une zone de raccordement (7.1) qui est conçue pour être reliée à une source de tension (5) par une ligne de raccordement (5) et une première zone de contact et une deuxième zone de contact (8.1, 8.2) qui sont reliées de manière électriquement conductrice à la zone de raccordement (7.1), la première zone de contact (8.1) étant raccordée au premier revêtement pouvant être chauffé électriquement (10.1) et la deuxième zone de contact (8.2) étant raccordée au deuxième revêtement pouvant être chauffé électriquement (10.2), le premier et le deuxième revêtement chauffant (10.1, 10.2) étant entièrement séparés de la couche chauffante (6) environnante galvaniquement et matériellement par une ligne de séparation sans revêtement (11).
PCT/EP2022/058347 2021-04-09 2022-03-30 Ensemble électronique pour plusieurs fenêtres de caméra pouvant être chauffées WO2022214367A1 (fr)

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2878357A (en) 1956-07-13 1959-03-17 Gen Dynamics Corp Electric heated laminated glass panel
US20030019860A1 (en) 2001-04-11 2003-01-30 Jean-Marc Sol Dual zone bus bar arrangement for heatable vehicle window
US20070020465A1 (en) 2005-07-20 2007-01-25 Thiel James P Heatable windshield
EP2334141A1 (fr) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage revêtu avec une fenêtre de communication chauffé
WO2012052315A1 (fr) 2010-10-19 2012-04-26 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre transparente
US20120103961A1 (en) 2009-07-17 2012-05-03 Volkmar Offermann Transparent article which can be electrically extensively heated, method for the production thereof and the use thereof
US20150334779A1 (en) 2012-12-20 2015-11-19 Saint-Gobain Glass France Pane having an electric heating layer
US20170036646A1 (en) 2014-04-28 2017-02-09 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Plate for electro-thermal window
US20170265254A1 (en) * 2014-08-08 2017-09-14 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent pane having an electrical heating layer, method for the production thereof, and use thereof
US10638549B2 (en) 2014-04-24 2020-04-28 Saint-Gobain Glass France Electrically heatable pane with switch region

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2878357A (en) 1956-07-13 1959-03-17 Gen Dynamics Corp Electric heated laminated glass panel
US20030019860A1 (en) 2001-04-11 2003-01-30 Jean-Marc Sol Dual zone bus bar arrangement for heatable vehicle window
US20070020465A1 (en) 2005-07-20 2007-01-25 Thiel James P Heatable windshield
US20120103961A1 (en) 2009-07-17 2012-05-03 Volkmar Offermann Transparent article which can be electrically extensively heated, method for the production thereof and the use thereof
EP2334141A1 (fr) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage revêtu avec une fenêtre de communication chauffé
WO2012052315A1 (fr) 2010-10-19 2012-04-26 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre transparente
US20150334779A1 (en) 2012-12-20 2015-11-19 Saint-Gobain Glass France Pane having an electric heating layer
US10638549B2 (en) 2014-04-24 2020-04-28 Saint-Gobain Glass France Electrically heatable pane with switch region
US20170036646A1 (en) 2014-04-28 2017-02-09 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Plate for electro-thermal window
US20170265254A1 (en) * 2014-08-08 2017-09-14 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent pane having an electrical heating layer, method for the production thereof, and use thereof

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