WO2022214189A1 - Nœud de réseau, équipement d'utilisateur et procédés d'entraînement et d'alignement de faisceau - Google Patents

Nœud de réseau, équipement d'utilisateur et procédés d'entraînement et d'alignement de faisceau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022214189A1
WO2022214189A1 PCT/EP2021/059227 EP2021059227W WO2022214189A1 WO 2022214189 A1 WO2022214189 A1 WO 2022214189A1 EP 2021059227 W EP2021059227 W EP 2021059227W WO 2022214189 A1 WO2022214189 A1 WO 2022214189A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network node
ues
area
radio cell
information
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2021/059227
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English (en)
Inventor
Dario TAGLIAFERRI
Damiano BADINI
Marouane MIZMIZI
Umberto Spagnolini
Christian Mazzucco
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Politecnico Di Milano
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Politecnico Di Milano filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to PCT/EP2021/059227 priority Critical patent/WO2022214189A1/fr
Publication of WO2022214189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022214189A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/063—Parameters other than those covered in groups H04B7/0623 - H04B7/0634, e.g. channel matrix rank or transmit mode selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communication; and more specifically, to a network node, a user equipment (UE) and methods for use in the network node and the user equipment respectively, for beam training and alignment.
  • UE user equipment
  • a high carrier frequency e.g., 24.25-52.6 GHz
  • the use of high carrier frequency results into an order of magnitude increases in free space path loss in such wireless communication systems.
  • the increased path loss can be overcome by use of beam alignment between a base station and wireless users of a cellular network.
  • the beam alignment between a conventional network node (e.g., the base station) and wireless users of the cellular network is performed by a periodically repeated beam sweeping procedure in order to refresh beam alignment.
  • the beam re alignment becomes too frequent that results into an increase in related overhead to an undesirable level.
  • the frequent beam re-alignment is more prominent in cellular based vehicle to everything (cV2X) communication network in which the wireless users are characterized by higher speed and more directive antennas.
  • cV2X vehicle to everything
  • a validity window of beam alignment become very narrow, resulting in continuous re alignment, which manifests as a significant drop in network efficiency.
  • a conventional method employs a beam finding map which associates a wireless user’s position to pre-calculated optical transmit and receive beams to the wireless user, for example, in a V2X communication system.
  • the conventional method of the beam finding map depends on knowledge of the wireless user’s position, which is a sensitive information and is required to be estimated either by a base station in use or shared by the wireless user itself. This may cause privacy issues related to the transmission of the sensitive information regarding the wireless user’s position.
  • the way of filling up the beam finding map is not specified.
  • the present disclosure provides a network node, a user equipment (UE), and methods for use in the network node and the user equipment, respectively, for beam training and alignment.
  • the present disclosure provides a solution to the existing problem of beam re alignment when the wireless users have high mobility, for example, in the conventional V2X communication system.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide an improved network node, a user equipment, and methods for use in the network node and the user equipment, respectively, for effective and efficient beam training and alignment.
  • the present disclosure provides a network node, comprising a first control circuitry configured to obtain antenna capability information of one or more user equipment (UEs), when the one or more UEs enter a first area of a radio cell of the network node.
  • the first control circuitry is further configured to communicate a spatial direction to be used for transmission to each of the one or more UEs, wherein a corresponding spatial direction is set at each of the one or more UEs throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the UEs are not limited to use a single spatial direction but a plurality of spatial directions.
  • the first control circuitry is further configured to obtain information from each of the one or more UEs as the one or more UEs moves over a plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the first control circuitry is further configured to cumulate information from multiple UEs until it is possible to determine channel state information for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell based on the information obtained from the one or more UEs, wherein the determined channel state information is used to determine one or more spatial directions to be communicated as the spatial directions to be used for transmission for UEs entering the first area of the radio cell of the network node once channel state information for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area have been determined.
  • the disclosed network node is configured to communicate the spatial direction to each of the one or more UEs based on the received antenna capability information from the one or more UEs when the one or more UEs enter the first area of the radio cell of the network node. Therefore, the determination of the spatial direction is independent of position of each of the one or more UEs, avoiding all privacy issues related to transmission of information regarding the position of the one or more UEs. Moreover, the disclosed network node is configured to determine the spatial direction for the one or more UEs when the one or more UEs have high mobility.
  • the disclosed network node is particularly useful when a wireless channel is subjected to quick variations, for example, in a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle to everything (V2X) communication system or in mmWave communication system.
  • V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • V2N vehicle-to-network
  • V2X vehicle to everything
  • the disclosed network node takes less time for beam re-alignment in case of the high mobility in comparison to a conventional beam sweeping routine, and ensures high spectral efficiency as compared to conventional communication systems.
  • the determination of the channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical areas comprises determining a signal quality metric for each of the plurality of different geographical areas based on the received information, and determining, for each of the plurality of different geographical areas, a set of beam steering angles ranked based on the determined signal quality metric.
  • the determination of the set of beam steering angles ranked based on the determined signal quality metric results into an improved spectral efficiency.
  • the first control circuitry is further configured to generate a beam-mapping matrix comprising a plurality of signal strength measurements for each of the set of beam steering angles supported by the network node and the one or more UEs and each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the radio cell, such that the signal strength measurements can be used as the signal quality metric.
  • the beam mapping matrix is useful in order to select an efficient and effective spatial direction for information transmission between the network node and the one or more UEs.
  • the first control circuitry is further configured to estimate and store a dataset of analogue precoders, analogue combiners, and digital channel eigenmodes for the plurality of different geographical areas to perform the channel estimation for the next UE.
  • the estimation and storage of the dataset of analogue precoders, analogue combiners, and digital channel eigenmodes for the plurality of different geographical areas in the end of the training phase results into a more precise channel estimation for the next UE that may move over one or more of the plurality of different geographical areas at a later point in time in the operational phase (online stage or operational deployment stage).
  • the first control circuitry is further configured to estimate each of the plurality of different geographical areas based on a reference system.
  • the estimation of each of the plurality of different geographical areas based on the reference system reduce the signalling between the network node and the one or more UEs.
  • the first control circuitry is further configured to obtain antenna capability information of one or more user equipment (UEs), when the one or more UEs enter a second area of the radio cell of the network node.
  • the first control circuitry is further configured to communicate one spatial direction to each of the one or more UEs, wherein a corresponding spatial direction is set at each of the one or more UEs throughout its presence within the second area of the radio cell.
  • the first control circuitry is further configured to obtain information from each of the one or more UEs as the one or more UEs moves over a plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell.
  • the first control circuitry is further configured to determine channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell based on the information obtained from the one or more UEs.
  • the obtained information is at least one of: a plurality of pilot symbols, a specific waveform taken from a predefined list, a narrowband signal or a chirp signal.
  • the one or more spatial directions to be communicated as a spatial direction to a UE indicate a fixed beam orientation to be used by the UE throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the use of the spatial direction as the fixed beam orientation by the UE for information transmission towards the network node results into an improved network efficiency.
  • the present disclosure provides a user equipment (UE) comprising a second control circuitry and an array of antenna, wherein the second control circuitry is configured to control the array of antenna to communicate antenna capability information of the UE to a network node deployed at a fixed location when the UE enters a radio cell of the network node.
  • the second control circuitry is further configured to obtain one or more spatial directions for transmission from the network node to be used throughout the presence of the UE within a first area of the radio cell.
  • the second control circuitry is configured to transmit information towards the one or more spatial directions for transmission obtained from the network node as the UE moves arbitrarily over a plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the disclosed UE is configured to obtain the spatial direction for information transmission from the network node based on the antenna capability information communicated to the network node.
  • the disclosed UE does not require to communicate the information regarding its position mandatorily to the network node for obtaining the spatial direction in comparison to a conventional UE which is required to communicate the information regarding its position to the network node for obtaining a conventional spatial direction. Therefore, the disclosed UE manifests an improved security and efficiency in comparison to the conventional UE which is subjected to privacy issues.
  • the disclosed UE may have high mobility as well as low mobility.
  • the disclosed UE may be used in a vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle to everything (V2X) communication system or in mmWave communication system.
  • V2I vehicle-to- infrastructure
  • V2N vehicle-to-network
  • V2X vehicle to everything
  • the spatial direction obtained from the network node indicates a fixed beam orientation to be used by the UE throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the use of the fixed beam orientation by the UE for information transmission towards the network node results into a further improvement in efficiency of the UE.
  • the second control circuitry is further configured to control the array of antenna to communicate at least one of: a position of the UE or the position as well as an orientation of the UE to the network node.
  • the communication of at least one of the position of the UE or the position as well as the orientation of the UE to the network node results into a more accurate determination of spatial direction at the network node which is further communicated to the UE.
  • the second control circuitry is further configured to control the array of antenna to obtain a second spatial direction from the network node when the UE enters a second area of the radio cell, the second area is different from the first area.
  • the second control circuitry is further configured to set the second set of one or more spatial directions as an updated active spatial direction at the UE throughout its presence within a second area of the radio cell.
  • the second control circuitry is further configured to transmit the information towards the updated active spatial direction obtained from the network node as the UE moves arbitrarily over a plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell.
  • the UE is one of: a vehicle or a mobile device, and wherein the network node is at least one of: a base station, a road-side unit, or a repeater device.
  • the UE is one of the vehicle or the mobile device that manifests high mobility and the network node is one of: the base station, the road-side unit, or the repeater device which is deployed at a fixed location.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for use in a network node for beam training and alignment.
  • the method comprises obtaining, by the network node, antenna capability information of one or more user equipment, UEs, when the one or more
  • the method further comprises communicating, by the network node, one or more spatial directions to be used for transmission to each of the one or more UEs, wherein the corresponding one or more spatial directions are set at each of the one or more UEs throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the method further comprises obtaining, by the network node, information from each of the one or more UEs as the one or more UEs moves over a plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the method further comprises cumulating information from multiple UEs until it is possible to determine channel state information for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell based on the information obtained from the one or more UEs, wherein the determined channel state information is used to determine one or more spatial directions to be communicated as the spatial directions to be used for transmission for UEs entering the first area of the radio cell of the network node once channel state information for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area have been determined.
  • the method of the network node achieves all the advantages and effects of the network node of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for use in a user equipment (UE), for beam training and alignment.
  • the method comprises communicating, by the UE, antenna capability information of the UE to a network node deployed at a fixed location when the UE enters a first area of a radio cell of the network node.
  • the method further comprises obtaining, by the UE, a spatial direction for transmission from the network node to be used throughout the presence of the UE within a first area of the radio cell.
  • the method further comprises transmitting, by the UE, information towards the one or more spatial directions obtained from the network node as the UE moves arbitrarily over a plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell, wherein the information is used for the beam training and alignment.
  • the method of the UE achieves all the advantages and effects of the UE of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates various exemplary components of a network node, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram that illustrates various exemplary components of a user equipment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for use in the network node for beam training and alignment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for use in the user equipment for beam training and alignment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5A is a flowchart of beam alignment in a multi-vehicular communication system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5B is a flowchart of beam alignment in a multi-vehicular communication system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is an illustration that represents a transmitter and a receiver configuration based on uniform rectangular arrays (URA), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7A is an illustration of an exemplary scenario that depicts analog beam alignment from a base station to a first vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7B is an illustration of an exemplary scenario that depicts analog beam alignment from the base station to a second vehicle, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7C is an illustration of an exemplary scenario that depicts analog beam alignment from the base station to a third vehicle, in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7D is a graphical representation that illustrates a set of analog beams in order to maximize received power, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7E is an illustration that represents a power map that depicts received power in decibels (dB) for a number of transmitted beams and received beams, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8A is an illustration that represents least square estimation of a compressed channel between the base station and a first vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8B is an illustration that represents least square estimation of a compressed channel between the base station and different vehicles, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram that depicts exemplary stages of communication between a base station and one or more user equipment (UEs), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10 is an illustration of an exemplary scenario of communication between a base station and a user equipment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 A is an illustration that depicts various parameters of a wireless channel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 1 IB is an illustration of an implementation scenario of a wireless channel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 12 is an illustration of multiple vehicles crossing a same geographical area, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 13 is an illustration that depicts hybrid beam forming, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is an illustration of graphical representations that depicts variations of spectral efficiency with increase in number of vehicles and with signal-to-noise (SNR) per antenna, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent.
  • a non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the non- underlined number to the item.
  • the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates various exemplary components of a network node, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a block diagram 100 of a network node 102 that includes a first control circuitry 104, and a memory 106.
  • the network node 102 may further include an array of antenna 108.
  • the first control circuitry 104 may be communicatively coupled to the memory 106 and the array of antenna 108.
  • the network node 102 includes suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, and/or code that is configured to one or more user equipment (UEs) to steer an array of antenna gain towards a particular direction for information transmission.
  • the network node 102 may also be referred to as a coordinator node of a cellular or vehicular network, such as 5G cellular network or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication network.
  • V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • V2N vehicle-to-network
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • the network node 102 such as a base station, may be deployed at a fixed location, whereas the one or more UEs may be mobile nodes.
  • Examples of the network node 102 include, but are not limited to a base station, a repeater device, an Intemet- of- Things (IoT) controller, a customized hardware for wireless telecommunication, or any other portable or non-portable wireless communication device or system.
  • IoT Intemet- of- Things
  • the first control circuitry 104 include suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, and/or code that is configured to obtain antenna capability information of the one or more UEs, when the one or more UEs enter a first area of a radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the first control circuitry 104 may also be configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory 106.
  • the first control circuitry 104 may be a general-purpose processor.
  • the first control circuitry 104 may include, but are not limited to a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) processor, a reduced instruction set (RISC) processor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a state machine, a data processing unit, and other processors or control circuitry.
  • the first control circuitry 104 may refer to one or more individual processors, processing devices, a processing unit that is part of a machine, such as the network node 102.
  • the memory 106 include suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, and/or code that is configured to store a dataset of analogue precoders, analogue combiners, and digital channel eigenmodes for a plurality of different geographical areas in order to perform a channel estimation.
  • the memory 106 may also be configured to store the instructions executable by the first control circuitry 104. Examples of implementation of the memory 106 may include, but are not limited to, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Flash memory, Solid-State Drive (SSD), or CPU cache memory.
  • the memory 106 may also store an operating system or other program products (including one or more operation algorithms) to operate the network node 102.
  • the array of antenna 108 include suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, and/or code that is configured to communicate a spatial direction to be used for transmission to each of the one or more UEs.
  • the array of antenna 108 can be steered towards a set of directions (i.e., scanning angles) covering the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • Examples of the array of antenna 108 may include, but are not limited to, an antenna panel, a radio frequency transceiver, a base station antenna array, a network interface, or any other antenna array suitable for use in the network node 102
  • the array of antenna 108 supports various wireless and cellular communication protocols, such as 4G LTE or mmWave communication, to execute wireless communication.
  • the beam alignment between a conventional network node (e.g., the base station) and wireless users of the cellular network is performed by a periodically repeated beam sweeping procedure in order to refresh beam alignment.
  • a conventional network node e.g., the base station
  • the beam re-alignment becomes too frequent that results into an increase in related overhead to an undesirable level. It is known that whenever a wireless channel is subjected to quick variations (which is expected to happen relatively often in V2X systems), it is not computationally affordable or desirable to run the conventional time- consuming beam sweeping procedure in order to re-align the beams.
  • the present disclosure provides a solution that involves beam training and alignment.
  • a training phase and an operational phase (can also be referred to as an online phase).
  • beam-training operations are carried out using several wireless users, such as one or more user equipment (UEs), in order to re-construct a full electromagnetic picture of signal propagation in the surroundings of the network node 102
  • Information is collected from several wireless users, such as UEs, related to the radio environment, which can be used to improve not only the analogue controlled beam alignment but also the digitally controlled precoding.
  • the network node 102 is able to identify pointing directions (for both UE and network node beams) for communication.
  • the network node 102 is able to determine spatial directions to be communicated as the spatial direction to be used for transmission for various UEs entering a radio cell of the network node 102 in the operational phase (also referred to as online stage).
  • the first control circuitry 104 is configured to obtain antenna capability information of one or more user equipment (UEs), when the one or more UEs enter a first area of a radio cell of the network node 102
  • the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is configured to obtain the information about antenna capability (i.e., type of antenna equipment or antenna array) of the one or more UEs, when the one or more UEs enter the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102
  • the radio cell may be defined as a geographical region(s) within which the network node 102 provides a radio coverage to each of the one or more UEs.
  • the first area of the radio cell may be defined as an area in which there is a line of sight (LoS) communication between the network node 102 and the one or more UEs.
  • LiS line of sight
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to communicate a spatial direction to be used for transmission to each of the one or more UEs, wherein a corresponding spatial direction is set at each of the one or more UEs throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 communicates the spatial direction (i.e., a given direction in space) that is to be used by the network node 102 for information transmission to each of the one or more UEs.
  • the spatial direction may be, for example, a best codebook index (or a set of indices) which the first control circuitry 104 assigns to each of the one or more UEs.
  • the corresponding spatial direction set at each of the one or more UEs is kept fixed throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the corresponding spatial direction corresponds to at least one direction that is predefined from a set of directions.
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to obtain information from each of the one or more UEs as the one or more UEs moves over a plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell. After setting the spatial direction at each of the one or more UEs, the one or more UEs continuously transmit the information to the network node 102 through the set spatial direction. The one or more UEs repeatedly transmit the information to the network node 102 when the one or more UEs move over the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell.
  • Each geographical area of the plurality of different geographical areas may be defined by a geographical position and a radius or by any other reference system, such as an indexed grid.
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to cumulate information from multiple UEs until it is possible to determine channel state information for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell based on the information obtained from the one or more UEs, wherein the determined channel state information is used to determine one or more spatial directions to be communicated as the spatial directions to be used for transmission for UEs entering the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102 once channel state information for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area have been determined.
  • the first control circuitry 104 is configured to cumulate the information from multiple UEs moving in different geographical areas with the radio cell of the network node 102. Such information is collected until it becomes possible to determine channel state information for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the channel state information may be defined as an information that describes how a signal propagates through a communication channel (i.e., a communication link between the network node 102 and the one or more UEs).
  • the channel state information includes the information that how much the propagated signal is faded or scattered while moving through the channel.
  • the channel state information may also be referred to as channel estimation.
  • the determined channel state information is further used to determine one or more spatial directions to be communicated as the spatial directions to be used for transmission for UEs (e.g. future UEs) entering the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102 once channel state information for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area have been determined. Moreover, the determination of channel state information for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas improves channel estimation for all the UEs that may enter a same geographical area of the plurality of different geographical areas resulting in improved spectral efficiency.
  • the determination of the channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical areas comprises determining a signal quality metric for each of the plurality of different geographical areas based on the received information and determining, for each of the plurality of different geographical areas, a set of beam steering angles ranked based on the determined signal quality metric.
  • the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is configured to use to the information received from the one or more UEs in order to determine the signal quality metric (e.g., power measurement) for each of the plurality of different geographical areas. Additionally, the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is further configured to determine the set of beam steering angles which are ranked (or prioritized) based on the determined signal quality metric.
  • a beam steering angle may be defined as an angle (or signal phase) at which a beam pattern can be randomly altered in real time without making any change in an antenna element or any other circuitry.
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to generate a beam-mapping matrix comprising a plurality of signal strength measurements for each of the set of beam steering angles supported by the network node 102 and the one or more UEs and each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the radio cell, such that the signal strength measurements can be used as the signal quality metric.
  • the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 generates the beam-mapping matrix which comprises the plurality of signal strength measurements (e.g., transmission power, received power, etc.) for each of the set of beam steering angles used by the network node 102 and the one or more UEs.
  • the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is configured to store information about signal propagation within the first area of the radio cell in terms of the beam-mapping matrix.
  • the plurality of signal strength measurements in the beam-mapping matrix may be used as the signal quality metric for each of the plurality of different geographical areas.
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to estimate each of the plurality of different geographical areas based on a reference system.
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to estimate each of the plurality of different geographical areas based on the reference system, for example, a global coordinate system or a UE-local coordinate system, provided that the reference system is known to the network node 102 as well as to the one or more UEs.
  • the one or more UEs explicitly avoid communicating its heading to the network node 102 which may complete the beam alignment over the one or more UEs pointing beams in different global directions.
  • the network node 102 commands the use of a given direction in space which is kept fixed as the one or more UEs moves in the radio cell of the network node 102
  • the network node 102 may exemplarily command to each of the one or more UEs affixed beam ID in a codebook to be used as the one or more UEs moves in the radio cell.
  • the use of the fixed beams during the beam alignment is an option to reduce the signalling.
  • the beam alignment may also be carried out when the network node 102 commands the one or more UEs to randomly change their transmitted beams (Tx beams) during motion, provided that the one or more UEs report about corresponding transmitted beams used for transmission, to the network node 102
  • the beam alignment may also be carried out with each of the one or more UEs in an "idle mode" or, more generally, during the period when no data is required to be transmitted.
  • the one or more spatial directions to be communicated as a spatial direction to a UE indicate a fixed beam orientation to be used by the UE throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is configured to communicate the one or more spatial directions as the spatial direction to the UE (e.g. a next UE) which is used as the fixed beam orientation by the UE throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102
  • the fixed beam orientation may correspond to one or more absolute coordinates.
  • the fixed beam orientation may be indicated by an index in a codebook, for example, a two-dimensional (2D) Fourier basis codebook.
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to obtain antenna capability information of one or more user equipment, UEs, when the one or more UEs enter a second area of the radio cell of the network node.
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to communicate one spatial direction to each of the one or more UEs, wherein a corresponding spatial direction is set at each of the one or more UEs throughout its presence within the second area of the radio cell.
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to obtain information from each of the one or more UEs as the one or more UEs moves over a plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell and determine channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell based on the information obtained from the one or more UEs. After determining the spatial direction for each of the one or more UEs entering in the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102, the first control circuitry 104 is configured to obtain the antenna capability information (i.e., type of antenna equipment) of the one or more UEs entering the second area of the radio cell of the network node 102. The second area is different from the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the antenna capability information i.e., type of antenna equipment
  • the second area of the radio cell may be defined as an area in which there is a non-line of sight (NLoS) communication between the network node 102 and the one or more UEs.
  • NNLoS non-line of sight
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to communicate one spatial direction to each of the one or more UEs which is kept fixed throughout its presence within the second area of the radio cell. After setting the spatial direction at each of the one or more UEs, the one or more UEs continuously transmit the information to the network node 102 through the set spatial direction while moving over the plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell.
  • the first control circuitry 104 is configured to use the information received from the one or more UEs in order to determine the channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell.
  • the obtained information is at least one of: a plurality of pilot symbols, a specific waveform taken from a predefined list, a narrowband signal or a chirp signal.
  • the information obtained from the one or more UEs moving over the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area as well as the second area of the radio cell includes one or more of the plurality of pilot symbols, the specific waveform taken from the predefined list, the narrowband signal or the chirp signal.
  • the plurality of pilot symbols may be defined as tones or any signal that can be used to measure the signal quality metric.
  • the network node 102 is able to identify pointing directions (for both UE and network node beams) for communication and determine the channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the radio cell.
  • a full power map i.e., the beam-mapping matrix
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to estimate and store a dataset of analogue precoders, analogue combiners, and digital channel eigenmodes for the plurality of different geographical areas to perform the channel estimation for a next UE. Based on the determined channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical areas, the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is configured to estimate the dataset of analogue precoders and analogue combiners for analogue controlled beam alignment and digital channel eigenmodes for digitally controlled precoding.
  • the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is configured to perform the channel estimation (i.e., the improved channel estimation) for the next UE.
  • the memory 106 of the network node is configured to store the estimated dataset of analogue precoders, analogue combiners, and digital channel eigenmodes for the plurality of different geographical areas.
  • the dataset of analogue precoders, analogue combiners, and digital channel eigenmodes for the plurality of different geographical areas are not required to be updated unless macroscopic changes in an environment occur.
  • the UE may also communicate its antenna capability information to the network node 102.
  • the next UE is not required to perform frequent alignment or beam re-alignment.
  • the first control circuitry 104 is further configured to perform an improved channel estimation for a next UE moving in one or more of the plurality of different geographical areas as a spatial direction is communicated by the network node 102 as the spatial direction to be used for transmission for the next UE entering the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102. In other words, more time can be dedicated to channel estimation in the operational phase resulting in additional gain and spectral efficiency.
  • the network node 102 communicates the spatial direction to each of the one or more UEs based on the received information (e.g., a plurality of pilot symbols) from the one or more UEs moving over the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area as well as the second area of the radio cell. Therefore, the determination of the spatial direction is independent on position of each of the one or more UEs, thus, avoids all privacy issues related to transmission of information regarding the position of the one or more UEs. Moreover, the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is configured to determine the spatial direction for the one or more UEs when the one or more UEs have high mobility.
  • the received information e.g., a plurality of pilot symbols
  • V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • V2N vehicle-to-network
  • V2X vehicle to everything
  • mmWave mmWave communication system
  • the network node 102 may be used in a multi-vehicular communication system such as vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle to everything (V2X) communication system, cellular based V2X communication system or in mmWave communication system.
  • V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • V2N vehicle-to-network
  • V2X vehicle to everything
  • cellular based V2X communication system cellular based V2X communication system or in mmWave communication system.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram that illustrates various exemplary components of a user equipment (UE), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is described in conjunction with elements from FIG. 1.
  • a block diagram 200 of a user equipment (UE) 202 that includes a second control circuitry 204, and an array of antenna 206.
  • the UE 202 may further include a memory 208.
  • the second control circuitry 204 may be communicatively coupled to the array of antenna 206 and the memory
  • the UE 202 include suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, and/or code that is configured to communicate antenna capability information to the network node 102 (of FIG. 1). Alternatively stated, the UE 202 may be configured to communicate antenna capability information to the network node 102 in order to steer the array of antenna 206 towards a particular spatial direction from a certain set of N directions.
  • the UE 202 may also be referred to as a mobile node or a user device that is equipped with the array of antenna 206 and is capable to steer (electronically or physically) the array of antenna 206 in the commanded spatial direction.
  • Examples of the UE 202 include, but are not limited to a vehicle, a smart phone, a wireless headphone, an Internet-of- Things (IoT) device or other wireless device with telecommunication capability, a drone, a customized hardware for wireless telecommunication, a transmitter, a receiver, or any other portable communication device.
  • IoT Internet-of- Things
  • the second control circuitry 204 includes suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, and/or code that is configured to control the array of antenna 206 in order to communicate antenna capability information of the UE 202 to the network node 102 deployed at a fixed location when the UE 202 enters a radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the second control circuitry 204 may be a general-purpose processor.
  • Other examples of the second control circuitry 204 may include, but are not limited to a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a CISC processor, an ASIC processor, a RISC processor, a VLIW processor, a CPU, a state machine, a data processing unit, and other processors or control circuitry.
  • the array of antenna 206 include suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, and/or code that is configured to direct a beam of RF signal towards a particular spatial direction from a certain set of N directions in order to communicate antenna capability information of the UE 202 to the network node 102 deployed at the fixed location when the UE 202 enters the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • Examples of the array of antenna 206 may include, but are not limited to, an antenna panel, a radio frequency transceiver, a network interface, a telematics unit, or any other antenna array suitable for use in the UE 202, or other portable communication devices.
  • the array of antenna 206 supports various wireless and cellular communication protocols, such as 4G LTE or mmWave communication, to execute wireless communication.
  • the memory 208 include suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, and/or code that is configured to store antenna capability information of the UE 202.
  • the memory 208 may temporally store spatial direction received from the network node 102 for processing purpose. Examples of implementation of the memory 208 may include, but are not limited to, an EEPROM, RAM, ROM, HDD, Flash memory, SSD, or CPU cache memory.
  • the memory 208 may also store an operating system or other program products (including one or more operation algorithms) to operate the UE 202.
  • the second control circuitry 204 is configured to control the array of antenna 206 to communicate antenna capability information of the UE 202 to a network node (e.g., the network node 102) deployed at a fixed location when the UE 202 enters the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the antenna capability information of the UE 202 is communicated to the network node 102 during an initial access performed by the UE 202.
  • the initial access is performed on 5G new radio (NR) frequency range 1 (FR1) (e.g., 4.1 GHz to 7.125 GHz).
  • FR1 5G new radio
  • the UE 202 performs the initial access with an initial setup for mmWave, for example, at 5GNR FR2 (i.e., 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz).
  • the antenna capability information includes a type of antenna equipment of the array of antenna 206, a type of antenna element, antenna structure information, a plurality of spatial directions supported by the array of antenna 206 of the UE 202
  • the second control circuitry 204 is further configured to control the array of antenna 206 to obtain one or more spatial directions for transmission from the network node 102 to be used throughout the presence of the UE 202 within a first area of the radio cell.
  • the second control circuitry 204 of the UE 202 is configured to obtain the spatial direction (e.g., a set of indices or a beam) from the network node 102.
  • the spatial direction is used by the network node 102 as well as the UE 202 in order to transmit the information among each other as the UE 202 moves within the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • LiS line of sight
  • the second control circuitry 204 is further configured to control the array of antenna 206 to transmit information towards the one or more spatial directions for transmission obtained from the network node 102 as the UE 202 moves arbitrarily over a plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell. As the UE 202 moves arbitrarily over the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell, the second control circuitry 204 of the UE 202 continuously transmit the information (e.g., a plurality of pilot symbols) towards the network node 102 using the spatial direction obtained from the network node 102.
  • the information e.g., a plurality of pilot symbols
  • the second control circuitry 204 is further configured to perform an initial access operation for a radio frequency communication with the network node 102, wherein the antenna capability information, which comprises a plurality of spatial directions supported by the array of antenna 206 of the UE 202, is communicated to the network node 102 during the initial access operation.
  • the second control circuitry 204 of the UE 202 is configured to perform the initial access operation for the radio frequency communication with the network node 102.
  • the radio frequency communication is carried out at frequency range 1 (FR1) of the 5G NR (i.e. 4.1 GHz to 7.125 GHz).
  • FR1 frequency range 1
  • the antenna capability information of the UE 202 is communicated to the network node 102 during the initial access.
  • the antenna capability information also comprises the plurality of spatial directions supported by the array of antenna 206 of the UE 202.
  • the initial access operation is performed to establish a mmWave communication with the network node 102.
  • the second control circuitry 204 of the UE 202 is configured to establish the mmWave communication with the network node 102.
  • the mmWave communication is established at a frequency range of 5G R FR2.
  • the spatial direction obtained from the network node 102 indicates a fixed beam orientation to be used by the UE 202 throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the spatial direction obtained from the network node 102 may be the fixed beam orientation which the array of antenna 206 of the UE 202 is configured to use throughout the presence of the UE 202 within the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the fixed beam orientation may correspond to one or more absolute coordinates.
  • the second control circuitry 204 is further configured to control the array of antenna 206 to communicate at least one of: a position of the UE 202 or the position as well as an orientation of the UE 202 to the network node 102.
  • the array of antenna 206 is configured to communicate at least the position of UE 202 or the position as well as the orientation of the UE 202 to the network node 102 during the initial access operation.
  • the second control circuitry 204 is further configured to control the array of antenna 206 to obtain a second set of one or more spatial directions from the network node 102 when the UE 202 enters a second area of the radio cell, the second area being different from the first area.
  • the second control circuitry 204 is further configured to control the array of antenna 206 to set the second set of one or more spatial directions as an updated active spatial direction at the UE 202 throughout its presence within the second area of the radio cell and transmit the information towards the updated active spatial direction obtained from the network node 102 as the UE 202 moves arbitrarily over a plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell.
  • the array of antenna 206 is configured to obtain the second spatial direction from the network node 102.
  • the second area is different from the first area.
  • the second spatial direction is set as the updated active spatial direction.
  • the array of antenna 206 is configured to transmit the information (e.g., a training preamble) to the network node 102 through the updated active spatial direction as the UE 202 moves arbitrarily over the plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell.
  • the transmitted information is at least one of: a plurality of pilot symbols, a specific waveform taken from a predefined list, a narrowband signal or a chirp signal.
  • the array of antenna 206 is configured to transmit the information about the UE 202 in at least one of the plurality of pilot symbols, the specific waveform taken from the predefined list, the narrowband signal or the chirp signal.
  • the transmitted information is used by the network node 102 to determine a channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical regions, and wherein the channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical regions is used by the network node 102 for a beam alignment for each of the plurality of different geographical regions for a next UE when the next UE moves in the plurality of different geographical regions within the radio cell of the network node 102
  • the UE 202 is one of: a vehicle or a mobile device, and wherein the network node 102 is at least one of: a base station, a road-side unit, or a repeater device.
  • the UE 202 may be the vehicle or the mobile device having high mobility and the network node 102 may be one of the base station, the road-side unit or the repeater device which is deployed at the fixed location.
  • the UE 202 is configured to obtain the spatial direction for information transmission from the network node 102 based on the antenna capability information communicated to the network node 102.
  • the UE 202 does not require to communicate the information regarding its position mandatorily to the network node 102 for obtaining the spatial direction in comparison to a conventional UE which is required to communicate the information regarding its position to the network node 102 for obtaining a conventional spatial direction. Therefore, the UE 202 manifests an improved security and efficiency in comparison to the conventional UE which is subjected to privacy issues.
  • the UE 202 may have high mobility as well as low mobility.
  • the UE 202 may be used in a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle to everything (V2X) communication system or in mmWave communication system.
  • V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • V2N vehicle-to-network
  • V2X vehicle to everything
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for use in a network node for beam training and alignment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 and 2.
  • a method 300 for use in the network node for beam training and alignment includes steps 302 to 308.
  • the method 300 is executed by the network node 102 (of FIG. 1).
  • the method 300 comprises obtaining, by the network node 102, antenna capability information of one or more user equipment (UEs), when the one or more UEs enter a first area of a radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is configured to obtain the antenna capability information of the one or more UEs (e.g., the UE 202), when the one or more UEs enter the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the method 300 further comprises communicating, by the network node 102, one or more spatial directions to be used for transmission to each of the one or more UEs, wherein the corresponding spatial directions are set at each of the one or more UEs throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is configured to communicate the spatial direction to be used for transmission to each of the one or more UEs.
  • the corresponding spatial direction is set at each of the one or more UEs (e.g. the UE 202) throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the method 300 further comprises obtaining, by the network node 102, information from each of the one or more UEs as the one or more UEs moves over a plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is configured to obtain the information from each of the one or more UEs (e.g. the UE 202) as the one or more UEs moves over the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the obtained information is at least one of: a plurality of pilot symbols, a specific waveform taken from a predefined list, a narrowband signal or a chirp signal.
  • the method 300 further comprises cumulating information from multiple UEs until it is possible to determine channel state information for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell based on the information obtained from the one or more
  • the first control circuitry 104 of the network node 102 is configured to cumulate information from multiple UEs until it become possible todetermine the channel state information (e.g. received power) for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell based on the information (e.g. a plurality of pilot symbols) obtained from the one or more UEs.
  • the determined channel state information is used to determine one or more spatial directions to be communicated as the spatial directions to be used for transmission for UEs entering the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102 once channel state information for one or more spatial directions supported by UEs antenna capability in each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area have been determined.
  • the determination of the channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical areas comprises: determining a signal quality metric for each of the plurality of different geographical areas based on the received information; and determining, for each of the plurality of different geographical areas, a set of beam steering angles ranked based on the determined signal quality metric.
  • the method 300 further comprises generating, by the network node 102, a beam-mapping matrix comprising a plurality of signal strength measurements for each of the set of beam steering angles supported by the network node and the one or more UEs and each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the radio cell, such that the signal strength measurements can be used as the signal quality metric.
  • the method 300 further comprises estimating and storing, by the network node 102, a dataset of analogue precoders, analogue combiners, and digital channel eigenmodes for the plurality of different geographical areas to perform the channel estimation for the next UE.
  • the method 300 further comprises estimating, by the network node 102, each of the plurality of different geographical areas based on a reference system.
  • the one or more spatial directions to be communicated as a spatial direction to a UE indicate a fixed beam orientation to be used by the UE throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the method 300 further comprises obtaining, by the network node 102, antenna capability information of one or more user equipment, UEs, when the one or more UEs enter a second area of the radio cell of the network node.
  • the method 300 further comprises communicating, by the network node 102, one or more spatial directions to each of the one or more UEs, wherein the corresponding one or more spatial directions are set at each of the one or more UEs throughout its presence within the second area of the radio cell.
  • the method 300 further comprises obtaining, by the network node 102, information from each of the one or more UEs as the one or more UEs moves over a plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell.
  • the method 300 further comprises determining, by the network node 102, channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell based on the information obtained from the one or more UEs.
  • steps 302 to 308 are only illustrative and other alternatives can also be provided where one or more steps are added, one or more steps are removed, or one or more steps are provided in a different sequence without departing from the scope of the claims herein.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for use in a user equipment for beam training and alignment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1, 2, and 3.
  • a method 400 for use in the user equipment (UE) for beam training and alignment includes steps 402 to 406.
  • the method 400 is executed by the UE 202 (of FIG. 2) ⁇
  • the method 400 comprises communicating, by the UE 202, antenna capability information of the UE 202 to a network node (i.e. the network node 102) deployed at a fixed location when the UE 202 enters a first area of a radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the second control circuitry 204 of the UE 202 is configured to control the array of antenna 206 to communicate antenna capability information of the UE 202 to the network node 102 deployed at the fixed location when the UE 202 enters the first area of the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the method 400 further comprises obtaining, by the UE 202, one or more spatial directions for transmission from the network node 102 to be used throughout the presence of the UE 202 within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the second control circuitry 204 of the UE 202 is configured to control the array of antenna 206 to obtain the one or more spatial directions for transmission from the network node 102 throughout the presence of the UE 202 within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the spatial direction obtained from the network node 102 indicates a fixed beam orientation to be used by the UE 202 throughout its presence within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the method 400 further comprises transmitting, by the UE 202, information towards the one or more spatial directions obtained from the network node 102 as the UE 202 moves arbitrarily over a plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell, wherein the information is used for the beam training and alignment.
  • the second control circuitry 204 of the UE 202 is configured to control the array of antenna 206 to transmit the information using the spatial direction to the network node 102 as the UE 202 moves arbitrarily over the plurality of different geographical areas within the first area of the radio cell.
  • the transmitted information is further used for beam training and alignment depending on an application scenario.
  • the method 400 further comprises performing, by the UE 202, an initial access operation for a radio frequency communication with the network node 102, wherein the antenna capability information, which comprises a plurality of spatial directions supported by the array of antenna 206 of the UE 202, is communicated to the network node 102 during the initial access operation.
  • the initial access operation is performed to establish a mmWave communication with the network node 102.
  • the method 400 further comprises controlling, by the UE 202, the array of antenna 206 to communicate at least one of: a position of the UE or the position as well as an orientation of the UE 202 to the network node 102.
  • the method 400 further comprises controlling, by the UE 202, the array of antenna to obtain a second set of one or more spatial directions from the network node 102 when the UE 202 enters a second area of the radio cell, the second area being different from the first area.
  • the method 400 further comprises setting, by the UE 202, the second spatial direction as an updated active spatial direction at the UE 202 throughout its presence within a second area of the radio cell, and transmitting the information towards the updated active spatial direction obtained from the network node 102 as the UE 202 moves arbitrarily over a plurality of different geographical areas within the second area of the radio cell.
  • the transmitted information is at least one of: a plurality of pilot symbols, a specific waveform taken from a predefined list, a narrowband signal or a chirp signal.
  • the transmitted information is used by the network node 102 to determine a channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical regions, and wherein the channel state information for each of the plurality of different geographical regions is used by the network node 102 for a beam alignment for each of the plurality of different geographical regions for a next UE when the next UE moves in the plurality of different geographical regions within the radio cell of the network node 102
  • steps 402 to 406 are only illustrative and other alternatives can also be provided where one or more steps are added, one or more steps are removed, or one or more steps are provided in a different sequence without departing from the scope of the claims herein.
  • FIG. 5 A is a flowchart of beam alignment in a multi-vehicular communication system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5A is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
  • FIG. 5A there is shown a flowchart 500A of beam alignment in a multi-vehicular communication system.
  • the flowchart 500A inlcudes a first stage 502 (also represented as stage 1), a second stage 504 (also represented as stage 2) and a third stage 506 (also represented as an online stage).
  • the first stage 502 i.e. stage 1 includes operations 502A and 502B.
  • the second stage 504 i.e. stage 2) includes operations 504A and 504B.
  • the third stage 506 i.e. online stage) includes operaions 506A, 506B and 506C.
  • the one or more UEs it is assumed that the one or more UEs are allocated on mimimally interfering angular, or frequency, or time radio resources.
  • the two- stage training process may be applied to low mobility as well as high mobility scenarios such as vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle to everything (V2X) communication system, cellular based V2X (cV2X) communication system or in mmWave communication system.
  • V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • V2N vehicle-to-network
  • V2X vehicle to everything
  • cV2X cellular based V2X
  • an analog precoder ( F rf ) and analog combiner (W RF ) is determined at the network node 102 and at the UE 202 using a multi-vehicular codebook based beam alignment procedure, such as the method 300 and the method 400, respectively.
  • F rf analog precoder
  • W RF analog combiner
  • the second stage 504 i.e. stage 2
  • least square (LS) estimation of a compressed channel is performed in order to compute eigen modes from a training signal received from the first stage 502 (i.e. sateg 1).
  • the computed eigen modes are used to obtain low rank (LR) estimated channel.
  • the third stage 506 i.e.
  • the network node 102 and the UE 202 may be configured to use the analog precoder ( F rf ) and the analog combiner (W RF ) determined in the first stage 502 (i.e. stage 1) in order to transmit training sequences for digital low rank (LR) channel estimation.
  • the network node 102 may be configured to derive a digital predcoder ( F BB ) and a digital combiner (W BB ).
  • the third stage 506 i.e. online stage
  • the network node 102 may be configured to store a dataset of the analog precoder ( F rf ) and analog combiner (W RF ) and digital channel eigenmodes which are not required to be updated unless macroscopic changes in an environment occur.
  • F rf analog precoder
  • W RF analog combiner
  • digital channel eigenmodes digital channel eigenmodes
  • the network node 102 may be configured to command the UE 202 for analog beam alignment when the UE 202 enters the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the network node 102 may be configured to command the UE 202 a spatial direction (or a certain analog beam or analog precoder, F rf ) when the UE 202 enters the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the UE 202 moves over a plurality of different geographical areas within the readio cell of the network node 102, the UE 202 continuously transmit information (i.e. the plurality of pilot symbols) to the network node 102 using the commanded spatial direction (i.e. the analog beam, F rf ).
  • the network node 102 may be configured to obtain the information and scan all analog beams (i.e. the analog combiner, W RF ).
  • the network node 102 may be configured to store the analog precoder ( F rf ) and the analog combiner (W RF ) for the plurality of different geographical areas to perform the channel estimation for a next UE.
  • an approximate least square (LS) estimation ( H LS ) of the compressed channel is performed using the the analog precoder ( F rf ) and the analog combiner (W RF ) for the plurality of different geographical areas within the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • an approximate least square (LS) estimation ( H LS ) of the compressed channel is performed using the the analog precoder ( F rf ) and the analog combiner (W RF ) for the plurality of different geographical areas within the radio cell of the network node 102.
  • the LS estimator ( H LS ) of the compressed channel is used to obtain a LR estimation ( H LR ) of the compressed channel. Thereafter, the LR estimator ( H LR ) is used to obtain the digital predcoder (F BB ) and the digital combiner (W BB ) at operation 506C.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates use of the digital precoder and the digital combiner in the multi-vehicular communication system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5B is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 4 and 5A.
  • a flowchart 500B for use of the digital precoder and the digital combiner in the multi-vehicular communication system (e.g., a Hybrid mmWave MIMO systems).
  • the digital predcoder ( F BB ) and the digital combiner (W BB ) are obtained at operation 506C of the third stage 506 (i.e. online stage). Thereafter, in the flowchart 500B of this FIG. 5B, at operation 508, the digital predcoder ( F BB ) is further used to compute singular value decomposition (SVD) for the multi-vehicular communication system.
  • the digital combiner (W BB ) is obtained using an unconstrained minimum mean square error (MMSE) of the LR estimated compressed channel.
  • MMSE unconstrained minimum mean square error
  • FIG. 6 is an illustration that represents a transmitter and a receiver configuration based on uniform rectangular arrays (URA), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
  • an exemplary scenario 600 that includes a transmitter and a receiver configuration based on uniform rectangular arrays (URA).
  • the UE 202 acts as the transmitter (Tx) and the network node 102 acts as the receiver (Rx).
  • the array of antenna 206 of the UE 202 corresponds to the uniform rectangular arrays (URA) and its configuration is represented in a dotted box 602.
  • the array of antenna 108 of the network node 102 corresponds to the uniform rectangular arrays (URA) and its configuration is represented in a dotted box 604.
  • the array of antenna 206 of the UE 202 is configured to transmit the information by use of analog beams represented by a dotted box 606.
  • the array of antenna 108 of the network node 102 is configured to transmit the information by use of analog beams represented by a dotted box 608.
  • These analog beams are selected from a two-dimensional (2D) fourier basis which is used as a codebook.
  • FIG. 7A is an illustration of an exemplary scenario that depicts analog beam alignment from a base station to a first vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7A is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6.
  • an exemplary scenario 700A that includes a base station 702 (also represented as BS) and a first vehicle 704 (also represented as A).
  • a first geographical area 706 also represented as vi
  • a second geographical area 708 also represented as V2
  • the first geographical area 706 and the second geographical area 708 lies within a radio cell of the base station 702.
  • the base station 702 corresponds to the network node 102 (of FIG. 1) and the first vehicle 704 corresponds to the UE 202 (of FIG. 2).
  • the first geographical area 706 and the second geographical area 708 corresponds to the plurality of different geographical areas within the radio cell of the base station 702.
  • the first vehicle 704 when the first vehicle 704 enters the first geographical area 706 within the radio cell of the base station 702, the first vehicle 704 communicates its antenna capability information to the base station 702 through a pointing direction 710.
  • the base station 702 After receiving the antenna capability information of the first vehicle 704, the base station 702 is configured to assign a first fixed beam pointing direction 712 (also represented as beam #1) to the first vehicle 704.
  • the first vehicle 704 may be configured to transmit the information using the first fixed beam pointing direction 712 (i.e. beam #1) as long as the first vehicle 704 moves in the first geographical area 706 (i.e. vi).
  • the first vehicle 704 moves from the first geographical area 706 (i.e.
  • the first vehicle 704 may be configured to keep transmitting the information using the first fixed beam pointing direction 712 (i.e. beam #1).
  • Such information obtained by the base station 702 from a plurality of UEs, such as the first vehicle 704, is used in the training phase for beam training and alignment, such as in the first stage 502 (i.e. stage 1) of training.
  • the communication between the base station 702 and the first vehicle 704 may occur directly or via a road side unit (RSU) 713.
  • RSU road side unit
  • FIG. 7B is an illustration of an exemplary scenario that depicts analog beam alignment from the base station to a second vehicle, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7B is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6 and 7A.
  • an exemplary scenario 700B that includes the base station 702 and a second vehicle 714 (also represented as B).
  • the second vehicle 714 corresponds to the UE 202 (of FIG. 2).
  • the second vehicle 714 when the second vehicle 714 enters the first geographical area 706 (also represented as vi) within the radio cell of the base station 702, the second vehicle 714 may also communicate its antenna capability information to the base station 702 through a pointing direction 716.
  • the base station 702 After receiving the antenna capability information of the second vehicle 714, the base station 702 may be configured to assign a second fixed beam pointing direction 718 (also represented as beam #2) to the second vehicle 714. Thereafter, the second vehicle 714 transmits the information using the second fixed beam pointing direction 718 (i.e. beam #2) as long as the second vehicle 714 moves in the first geographical area 706 (i.e. vi).
  • the second vehicle 714 moves from the first geographical area 706 (i.e.
  • the second vehicle 714 may be configured to keep transmitting the information using the second fixed beam pointing direction 718 (i.e. beam #2).
  • the communication between the base station 702 and the first vehicle 704 may occur directly or via the RSU 713.
  • channel state information is determined for each of the plurality of different geographical areas, such as the first geographical area 706 and the second geographical area 708, within the first area of the radio cell in the training phase.
  • the determined channel state information is used to determine the spatial direction to be communicated as the spatial direction to be used for transmission for next UEs later, such as another vehicle, entering the radio cell of the base station 702.
  • FIG. 7C is an illustration of an exemplary scenario that depicts analog beam alignment from the base station to a third vehicle, in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7C is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7A and 7B.
  • an exemplary scenario 700C that includes the base station 702 and a third vehicle 720 (also represented as C).
  • the third vehicle 720 when third vehicle 720 enters the first geographical area 706 (i.e. vi) located within the radio cell of the base station 702, the third vehicle 720 communicates its antenna capability information to the base station 702 through a pointing direction 722. After receiving the antenna capability information of the third vehicle 720, the base station 702 assigns a third fixed beam pointing direction 724 (also represented as beam #3) to the third vehicle 720. Thereafter, the third vehicle 720 transmits information using the third fixed beam pointing direction 724 (i.e. beam #3) as long as the third vehicle 720 moves in the first geographical area 706 (i.e. vi) and the second geographical area 708 (i.e. V2).
  • the third fixed beam pointing direction 724 also represented as beam #3
  • each of the exemplary scenarios 700A, 700B, and 700C of FIG. 7A, 7B and 7C respectively corresponds to a same vehicular network, in which each of the first vehicle 704, the second vehicle 714 and the third vehicle 720 crosses the first geographical area 706 (i.e. vi) and the second geographical area 708 (i.e. V2).
  • each of the first vehicle 704, the second vehicle 714 and the third vehicle 720 may be configured to communicate the information to the base station 702 using the first fixed beam pointing direction 712 (i.e. beam #1), the second fixed beam pointing direction 718 (i.e. beam #2) and the third fixed beam pointing direction 724 (i.e.
  • each vehicle such as the vehicles 704, 714, 720 moves from the first geographical area 706 (i.e. vi) to the second geographical area 708 (i.e. V2).
  • Each of the first fixed beam pointing direction 712 (i.e. beam #1), the second fixed beam pointing direction 718 (i.e. beam #2) and the third fixed beam pointing direction 724 (i.e. beam #3) is selected from a two-dimensional (2D) discrete fourier transform (DFT), described in detail, for example, in FIG. 7D.
  • DFT discrete fourier transform
  • the base station 702 may be configured to store power measurements acquired for each geographical area Vi (i.e. the first geographical area 706 (i.e. vi) and the second geographical area 708 (i.e. V2)) crossed by each of the first vehicle 704, the second vehicle 714 and the third vehicle 720.
  • the power measurements associated with each of the first vehicle 704, the second vehicle 714 and the third vehicle 720 crossing the first geographical area 706 (i.e. vi) is represented as power measurement #11, vl, power measurement #21, vl and power measurement #31, vl, respectively.
  • the power measurements associated with each of the first vehicle 704, the second vehicle 714 and the third vehicle 720 crossing the second geographical area 708 i.e.
  • V2) is represented as power measurement #11, v2, power measurement #21, v2 and power measurement #31, v2, respectively.
  • the base station 702 is configured to store power measurements for each vehicle crossing the same geographical area.
  • the base station 702 fills a power measurement table with all poining directions (e.g. #n) and all geographical areas Vi.
  • Such power measurements is used in the training phase for beam training and alignment, such as in the first stage 502 (i.e. stage 1) of training.
  • the power measurement table is described in detail, for example, in FIG. 7E.
  • the power measurement table is also referred to as the beam-mapping matrix.
  • These power measurements are further used at a later stage for selection of an improved spatial direction (or analog beam) for a next vehicle crossing the same geographical area.
  • the power measurements and the selection of the improved spatial direction (or analog beam) for the next vehicle crossing the same geographical area is represented in a dotted section 726.
  • FIG. 7D is a graphical representation that illustrates a set of analog beams in order to maximize received power, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7D is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7A, 7B, and 7C.
  • a graphical representation 700D that represents a set of analog beams in order to maximize received power.
  • the graphical representation 700D includes an X-axis 728A that represents transmitted (Tx) beams in a range of 2 to 16 and a Y-axis 728B that represents received (Rx) beams in a range of 10 to 60.
  • a first dotted box 730 represents a set of analog beams (or spatial directions) which are used as transmitted (Tx) beams.
  • the set of analog beams may also be referred to as a set of optimal (i.e. improved) analog beams which are used in order to maximize received power.
  • the set of analog beams (or spatial directions) are derived from a two-dimensional (2D) discrete fourier transform (DFT) according to equation 1.
  • a second dotted box 732 is used to represent a combination of analog beams which are used as received (Rx) beams.
  • the combination of analog beams may be performed by use of an analog combiner, according to equation 2.
  • FIG. 7E is an illustration that represents a power map that depicts received power in decibels (dB) for a number of transmitted beams and received beams, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7E is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D.
  • a power map 700E i.e. the beam-mapping matrix
  • power measurements in dB
  • all pointing directions e.g. N pointing directions
  • the power map 700E can be also referred to as the beam-mapping matrix, and includes a transmitted (Tx) beam and a received (Rx) beam for each geographical area and for each fixed beam pointing direction (or spatial direction) assigned by the base station 702 to each of the first vehicle 704, the second vehicle 714 and the third vehicle 720.
  • the power map 700E includes an X-axis 734 that represents index of transmitted (Tx) analog beams and a Y-axis 736 that represents index of received (Rx) analog beams.
  • FIG. 8A is an illustration that represents least square estimation of a compressed channel between the base station and the first vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8A is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, and 7E.
  • a vehicular network 800A that includes least square estimation of a compressed channel between the base station 702 and the first vehicle 704 (of FIG. 7A).
  • an approximated first geographical area 802 also represented as v ⁇
  • an approximated second geographical area 804 also represented as v 2 ).
  • the first fixed beam pointing direction 712 i.e. beam #1
  • another beam 806 also represented as beam #4
  • the beams assigned to the first vehicle 704 may be changed to one of the second fixed beam pointing direction 718 (i.e. beam #2) and another beam 808 (also represented as beam #5).
  • FIG. 8B is an illustration that represents least square estimation of a compressed channel between the base station and each of different vehicles, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8B is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, and 8A.
  • a vehicular network 800B that includes least square estimation of a compressed channel between the base station 702 and each of the first vehicle 704 (of FIG. 7A), the second vehicle 714 (of FIG. 7B) and the third vehicle 720 (of FIG. 7C).
  • the least square (LS) estimation of the compressed channel between the base station 702 and each of the plurality of vehicles, such as the first vehicle 704, the second vehicle 714 and the third vehicle 720 is performed at a stage 810.
  • singular vectors i.e. U ST
  • U ST singular vectors
  • FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram that depicts exemplary stages of communication between a base station and one or more user equipments (UEs), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7 A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 8 A, and 8B.
  • a flowchart 900 that depicts exemplary stages of communication between a base station and one or more user equipments (UEs).
  • N number of user equipments such as a first UE 902A (also represented as UEi) upto a Nth UE 902N (also represented as UE n ) and a base station 904 (also represented as BS).
  • Each of the first UE 902A upto the Nth UE 902N corresponds to the UE 202 (of FIG. 2) and the base station 904 corresponds to the network node 102 (of FIG. 1). There is further shown a first stage 906, a second stage 908 and a third stage 910.
  • each of the first UE 902A upto the Nth UE 902N may be configured to communicate antenna capability information to the base station 904.
  • an initial access is performed between the base station 904 and each of the first UE 902A upto the Nth UE 902N.
  • the initial access may also be referred to as handshake operation between the base station 904 and each of the first UE 902A upto the Nth UE 902N.
  • the base station 904 may be configured to assign a beam to each of the first
  • the second stage 908 may also be referred to as training set up and is performed at 5G RFR1 (i.e. 4.1 GHz to 7.125 GHz).
  • each of the first UE 902A upto the Nth UE 902N may be configured to move over a plurality of different geographical areas within a radio cell of the base station 904.
  • each of the first UE 902A upto the Nth UE 902N may be configured to communicate its respective position heading towards the base station 904 through the assigned beam.
  • the base station 904 may be configured to measure received power over the plurality of different geographical areas and swap the beams among each of the first UE 902A upto the Nth UE 902N. Therefore, the third stage 910 may also be referred to as training phase which is performed at 5G NR FR1 as well as 5G NR FR2 (i.e. 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). After the third stage 910 (i.e, after the the training phase), the base station 904 may be configured to assign an improved spatial direction to a next UE entering the radio cell of the base station 904.
  • each of the first UE 902A upto the Nth UE 902N may be configured to support N spatial directions and the base station 904 may be configured to support M spatial directions.
  • the beam assignement at the first UE 902A may be written in terms of M and N as (M-1)*N+1 and the at the Nth UE 902N as M*N.
  • FIG. 10 is an illustarion of an exemplary scenario of communication between a base station and a user equipment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7A to 7E, 8A, 8B, and 9.
  • FIG. 10 there is shown an exemplary scenario 1000 of communication between the base station 904 and the first UE 902A (i.e. UEi).
  • operations 1002-1016 in the exemplary scenario 1000.
  • the first UE 902A is configured to communicate its antenna capability information to the base station 904 during the initial access which is performed at 5G NR FR1.
  • the base station 904 is configured to assign a fixed beam to the first UE 902A for information transmission.
  • the first UE 902A is configured to transmit the information, such as a training preamble to the base station 904 using the 5G NR FR2 when the first UE 902A moves over a plurality of different geographical areas within radio cell of the base station 904.
  • the first UE 902A is configured to transmitadditional information, such as its position and/or orientation to the base station 904 using the 5G NR FR1 when the first UE 902A moves over the plurality of different geographical areas within radio cell of the base station 904. In some embodiments, there is no need to transmit position.
  • the first UE 902A may be configured to execute the operations 1006 and 1008, when the first UE 902A moves in a first geographical area (e.g. vi).
  • the base station 904 may be configured to measure received power for the first geographical area and assign a beam pair (e.g. l,k) to the first UE 902A.
  • the first UE 902A is configured to transmit the information, such as training preamble to the base station 904 using the 5G NR FR2 when the first UE 902A moves over the plurality of different geographical areas.
  • the first UE 902A is configured to transmit more information, such as its position and orientation to the base station 904 using the 5G NR FR1 when the first UE 902A moves over the plurality of different geographical areas within radio cell of the base station 904.
  • the first UE 902A may be configured to execute the operations 1010 and 1012, when the first UE 902A moves in a second geographical area (e.g. V2).
  • the base station 904 may be configured to measure received power for the second geographical area and assign another beam pair (e.g. l,k) to the first UE 902A.
  • the first UE 902A may be configured to execute the operations 1014 and 1016 as the first UE 902 A moves over another geographical area within radio cell of the base station 904.
  • the first UE 902A continuously transmit the information (i.e. training preamble, and optionally position and orientation) to the base station 904 as the first UE 902A moves over the plurality of different geographical areas (i.e. the first geographical area and the second geographical area) within the radio cell of the base station 904.
  • the base station 904 may be configured to receive the information from N number of user equipments (e.g. UE2, UE3, UE4 upto UE N ).
  • the base station 904 may be configured to measure received power (e.g., signal strength measurement value) for each cluster of the N number of UEs, orientation (e.g. m) of the N number of UEs and accordingly assign an improved beam pair to each cluster and each UE orientation.
  • the base station 904 may also be referred to as a fusion center.
  • FIG. 11A is an illustration that depicts various parameters of a wireless channel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11A is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7Ato 7E, 8 A, 8B, 9, and 10.
  • FIG. 11 A there is shown an exemplary representation 1100A of a wireless channel which is represented using a mathematical expression 1102.
  • the mathematical expression 1102 of the wireless channel (H(f)) includes an amplitude component 1102 A (cr p (f)), a space component 1102B (a(0 p )) and a time component 1102C (g r (r p )).
  • the space component 1102B may be used as an antenna array spatial filters represented in a first box 1104.
  • the first box 1104 is used to illustrate various phases (q q 2 , and q 3 ) of the space component 1102B.
  • the time component 1102C may be used as a plurality of delayed transmitted waveforms represented in a second box 1106.
  • the second box 1106 illustrates various time delays ( t 1 ,t 2 , ah ⁇ t 3 ).
  • the mathematical expression 1102 of the wireless channel ( H(f) ) may be applied to a mmWave communication channel which is sparse and made of a few propagation modes which further depends on geometry of a scenario.
  • FIG. 11B is an illustration of an implementation scenario of a wireless channel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11B is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7A to 7E, 8A, 8B, 9, 10, and 11 A.
  • the implementation scenario 1100B includes a first mobile scenario 1108 and a second mobile scenario 1110.
  • the first vehicle 1112 may be configured to cross a point in the geographical area 1116.
  • the second vehicle 1110 may be configured to cross the same point in the geographical area 1116.
  • the space component 1102B and the time component 1102C are same for each of the first vehicle 1112, and the second vehicle 1114 crossing the same point.
  • wireless channel ( H 2 ) of the first mobile scenario 1108 and wireless channel (H 2 ) of second mobile scenario 1110 differ only in the amplitude component 1102A (or quick amplitude variations between the rays).
  • FIG. 12 is an illustration of multiple vehicles crossing a same geographical area, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7A to 7E, 8A, 8B, 9, 10, 11 A, and 1 IB.
  • an illustration 1200 that inlcudes multiple vehicles, such as a first vehicle 1202, a second vehicle 1204, a third vehicle 1206 and a fourth vehicle 1208.
  • Each of the first vehicle 1202, the second vehicle 1204, the third vehicle 1206 and the fourth vehicle 1208 may move over a geographical area 1210.
  • Each of the first vehicle 1202, the second vehicle 1204, the third vehicle 1206 and the fourth vehicle 1208 moving across the geographical area 1210 share the same propagation modes 1212, therefore, the information obtained from channel estimation (i.e. LR channel estimation) of each vehicle may be re used to improve the channel estimation of future vehicles moving over the same geographical area 1210.
  • channel estimation i.e. LR channel estimation
  • FIG. 13 is an illustration that depicts hybrid beam forming, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7A to 7E, 8A, 8B, 9, 10, 11 A, 11B, and 12.
  • an illustration 1300 that depicts hybrid beam forming.
  • the hybrid beam forming is defined as a technique that combines analog beamforming with digital precoding in order to intelligently form patterns (or beams) which may be transmitted by a large antenna array at transmitting end and the same process is used at receiving end in order to create desired receiver pattern.
  • the relatively large region 1302 is analog controlled by use of analog precoding and the small region 1304 is digitally controlled by use of digital precoding.
  • a circuit architecture used for analog precoding and digital precoding is represented in a dashed box 1306.
  • FIG. 14 is an illustration of graphical representations that depicts variations of spectral efficiency with increase in number of vehicles and with signal -to-noise (SNR) per antenna, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 to 6, 7A to 7E, 8A, 8B, 9, 10, 11 A, 1 IB, 12, and 13.
  • two graphical representations such as a first graphical representation 1400A and a second graphical representation 1400B.
  • the first graphical representation 1400A illustrates variations of spectral efficiency with increase in number of vehicles.
  • the second graphical representation 1400B illustrates variations of spectral efficiency with signal -to-noise (SNR) in decibels (dB) per antenna.
  • SNR signal -to-noise
  • the first graphical representation 1400A includes an X-axis 1402 that represents a number of vehicles in range of 0 to 1000.
  • the first graphical representation 1400A further includes a Y-axis 1404 that represents spectral efficiency in bits per second per hertz (bits/s/Hz).
  • a first line 1406 represents a perfect channel knowledge (also represented as perfect CSI).
  • the perfect channel knowledge is taken as an upper limit.
  • a second line 1408 represents variation of the spectral efficiency with increase in the number of vehicles using a conventional approach named as joint space time (JST) approach.
  • a third line 1410 represents variation of the spectral efficiency with increase in the number of vehicles using another conventional approach named as separate space time (SST) approach.
  • a fourth line 1412 represents variation of the spectral efficiency with increase in the number of vehicles using a current single vehicle solution (LS).
  • the second graphical representation 1400B includes an X-axis 1414 that represents signal- to-noise (SNR) in decibels (dB) per antenna.
  • the second graphical representation 1400B further includes a Y-axis 1416 that represents spectral efficiency in bits per second per hertz
  • a first line 1418 represents spectral efficiency achieved using a perfect channel knowledge (also represented as perfect CSI). The perfect channel knowledge is taken as an upper limit.
  • a second line 1420 represents variations of spectral efficiency with SNR measured in (dB) per antenna using the conventional approach named as joint spacetime (JST) approach.
  • a third line 1422 represents variation of the spectral efficiency with SNR measured in (dB) per antenna using the other conventional approach named as separate space time (SST) approach.
  • a fourth line 1424 represents variation of the spectral efficiency with SNR measured in (dB) per antenna using a current single vehicle solution (LS).
  • the first graphical representation 1400A and the second graphical representation 1400B is obtained via simulation using a carrier frequency of 28GHz, signal bandwidth of 400 MHz and transmitted power of 10W.
  • the network node 102 is considered to have 4 panels and each panel includes 16x6 clusters.
  • the UE 202 is considered to have 4 panels and each panel includes 4x4 clusters each.
  • ulti-user interference is not considered in the simulation.
  • the beneficial effects of an improved channel estimation are expected to reduce overall wireless network interference level providing further spectral efficiency gain and a reduction in power consumption as well.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un nœud de réseau qui est configuré pour obtenir des informations de capacité d'antenne d'un ou plusieurs équipements d'utilisateur (UE), lorsque lesdits UE entrent dans une première zone d'une cellule radio du nœud de réseau. Le nœud de réseau communique une ou plusieurs directions spatiales à utiliser pour une transmission à chacun desdits UE, lesdites directions spatiales correspondantes étant réglées au niveau de chacun desdits UE tout au long de sa présence à l'intérieur de la première zone de la cellule radio. Le nœud de réseau obtient en outre des informations de la part de chacun desdits UE à mesure que lesdits UE se déplacent sur une pluralité de zones géographiques différentes à l'intérieur de la première zone de la cellule radio, et cumule des informations provenant de multiples UE jusqu'à ce qu'il soit possible de déterminer des informations d'état de canal pour une ou plusieurs directions spatiales prises en charge par une capacité d'antenne des UE dans chacune des différentes zones géographiques.
PCT/EP2021/059227 2021-04-08 2021-04-08 Nœud de réseau, équipement d'utilisateur et procédés d'entraînement et d'alignement de faisceau WO2022214189A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6236849B1 (en) * 1997-07-15 2001-05-22 Metawave Communications Corporation System and method of determining a mobile station's position using directable beams
US20180063693A1 (en) * 2016-09-01 2018-03-01 Qualcomm Incorporated Ue capability reporting for dual-polarization wireless communication
US20180115958A1 (en) * 2016-10-21 2018-04-26 Qualcomm Incorporated Millimeter-wavelength network map for use in a beamforming procedure

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6236849B1 (en) * 1997-07-15 2001-05-22 Metawave Communications Corporation System and method of determining a mobile station's position using directable beams
US20180063693A1 (en) * 2016-09-01 2018-03-01 Qualcomm Incorporated Ue capability reporting for dual-polarization wireless communication
US20180115958A1 (en) * 2016-10-21 2018-04-26 Qualcomm Incorporated Millimeter-wavelength network map for use in a beamforming procedure

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