WO2022213810A1 - 一种波分复用器件和通信设备 - Google Patents

一种波分复用器件和通信设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022213810A1
WO2022213810A1 PCT/CN2022/082813 CN2022082813W WO2022213810A1 WO 2022213810 A1 WO2022213810 A1 WO 2022213810A1 CN 2022082813 W CN2022082813 W CN 2022082813W WO 2022213810 A1 WO2022213810 A1 WO 2022213810A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical fiber
division multiplexing
wavelength division
multiplexing device
filter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/082813
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王强
庄文杰
李晓磊
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2022213810A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022213810A1/zh
Priority to US18/481,335 priority Critical patent/US20240027688A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
    • G02B6/29361—Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters
    • G02B6/29362—Serial cascade of filters or filtering operations, e.g. for a large number of channels
    • G02B6/29365—Serial cascade of filters or filtering operations, e.g. for a large number of channels in a multireflection configuration, i.e. beam following a zigzag path between filters or filtering operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/03—WDM arrangements
    • H04J14/0305—WDM arrangements in end terminals

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a wavelength division multiplexing device and communication equipment.
  • Optical fiber communication technology stands out from optical communication, has become one of the main pillars of modern communication, and plays a pivotal role in modern telecommunication network.
  • optical fiber communication has developed rapidly in recent years, and its wide range of applications is rare in the history of communication. It is also an important symbol of the world's new technology revolution and the main transmission tool for various information in the future information society.
  • WDM wavelength-division multiplexing
  • the basic element of WDM transmission is an optical filter, and the optical filter can be classified into, for example, a fiber fused taper type, a thin film filter type, or an arrayed waveguide grating type. Among them, thin-film filter-type WDM devices are more common.
  • Thin-film filter-type WDM devices currently mainly include three-port cascade solutions and compact wavelength division multiplexing solutions.
  • active adjustment and assembly are required between the optical fiber and the lens, and between the two optical fibers. , the assembly process is more complicated.
  • the present application provides a wavelength division multiplexing device and a communication device, which are used to improve the assembly efficiency of the wavelength division multiplexing device and simplify the structure of the communication device.
  • a wavelength division multiplexing device may include a fixing member, an optical fiber, a filter, and a lens.
  • the fixing member is provided with an optical fiber positioning hole and a filter installation slot
  • the filter installation slot is arranged on the side of the end of the optical fiber positioning hole away from the aperture of the optical fiber positioning hole
  • the filter installation slot and the end of the optical fiber positioning hole are arranged at intervals .
  • the optical fiber can be installed in the optical fiber positioning hole
  • the filter can be installed in the filter installation slot
  • the filter can be used to transmit or reflect the light emitted from the optical fiber.
  • a lens disposed between the optical fiber and the filter can be used to collimate the light emitted by the optical fiber, or to collect the collimated light and then input it into the optical fiber.
  • the passive alignment between the optical fiber and the filter can be realized through the alignment setting between the fiber positioning hole and the filter installation slot, so that the wavelength division multiplexing can be effectively improved. assembly efficiency of the device.
  • a positioning step may be provided at the end of the positioning hole of the optical fiber. In this way, after the optical fiber is installed in the optical fiber positioning hole, the optical fiber can abut with the positioning step, which can limit the depth that the light penetrates into the fixing member.
  • the lens may be an integrally formed structure of the fixing member.
  • the fixing member can be provided with a lens hole that communicates with the optical fiber positioning hole.
  • the lens hole is arranged at the end of the optical fiber positioning hole, and a positioning step is formed between the lens hole and the optical fiber positioning hole.
  • an arc surface is provided at one end of the lens hole away from the optical fiber positioning hole.
  • a lens can be formed between the arc surface and the groove wall of the filter installation groove, and the lens can be either a spherical mirror or an aspherical mirror. It can be understood that the lens is a solid structure, so the lens is composed of a solid structure between the arc surface and the groove wall of the filter installation groove.
  • the fixing member may be provided with multiple optical fiber positioning holes and multiple filter installation slots.
  • the difference between the number of the multiple optical fiber positioning holes and the number of the multiple filter installation slots is 1.
  • An optical fiber is installed in each optical fiber positioning hole, and a filter is installed in each filter installation slot.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device can be provided with only one fixing member, and the function of the wavelength division multiplexing device can be realized by installing a plurality of optical fibers and filters on the one fixing member, which can effectively simplify the The structure of the wavelength division multiplexing device.
  • a hollow area may be provided on the fixing member, and the above-mentioned plurality of filter mounting slots may be arranged on two opposite side walls of the hollow area. In this way, the structural design of the filter installation slot can be simplified, the weight of the fixing member can be reduced, and the material can be saved.
  • an optical fiber on the fixed part can be used as a common end, and light of different wavelengths can be input to the wavelength division multiplexing device through the common end, or can be extracted from the wavelength division multiplexing device. out.
  • other optical fibers other than the common end can be used as the transmission end of the wavelength division multiplexing device, and the transmission end can be used to transmit light of a single wavelength.
  • the light of different wavelengths entering the wavelength division multiplexing device through the common end can be separated and then exited through the corresponding transmission end, or the light of a single wavelength can enter the wavelength division multiplexing device through the corresponding transmission end and be converged. , exits through the common terminal.
  • the filters can be arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the transmission end, so that light of a single wavelength can be transmitted between the transmission end and the filter.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device may be provided with a plurality of fixing parts, so as to meet the requirements for the convergence or separation of light of various wavelengths.
  • the fixing member can be an integrally formed structure.
  • the fixing member can be made to be greater than or equal to 1250 It is made of materials with an optical transmittance of less than or equal to 1350 nanometers and greater than 80%.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device can also be provided with a mounting shell.
  • the above-mentioned fixing parts, optical fibers, filters, etc. can be accommodated in the cavity of the mounting case.
  • An optical fiber installation hole may be provided on the shell of the installation casing, and the optical fiber can extend to the outside of the installation casing through the optical fiber installation hole for connection with other devices.
  • the installation case provided by the present application can be a closed case structure, and a sealing structure can be provided between the optical fiber and the hole wall of the optical fiber installation hole, and the optical fiber can be fixed to the installation case through the sealing structure. This can effectively improve the sealing effect between the optical fiber and the optical fiber installation hole, so as to prevent liquid or dust from entering the cavity of the installation shell, so as to protect the optical fiber, filter and other structures installed in the cavity of the installation shell. effect.
  • a communication device may include a light source, a detector and the wavelength division multiplexing device of the first aspect.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device can be used as both a multiplexing device and a demultiplexing device.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device used as a multiplexing device can be used to converge the light of different wavelengths emitted by the light source located at the transmitting end, so that multiple lights of different signals can be transmitted on one optical fiber.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device used as a demultiplexing device can be used at the receiving end to separate light of different wavelengths.
  • a detector can be used to restore the signal modulated on the light. Since the structure of the wavelength division multiplexing device in the communication device provided by the present application is simplified, the assembly efficiency thereof is improved. As a result, the production efficiency of the communication equipment is significantly improved, so as to reduce the production cost thereof.
  • 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a three-port device
  • Figure 1b is a schematic structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing device in a three-port cascade scheme
  • Fig. 2a is the structural representation of a kind of optical fiber collimator
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing device of a compact wavelength division multiplexing scheme
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a wavelength division multiplexing device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing member provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view at A-A in Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a combined structure of a wavelength division multiplexing device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing member provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • references in this specification to "one embodiment” or “some embodiments” and the like mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in some embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” etc. in various places in this specification are not necessarily All refer to the same embodiment, but mean “one or more but not all embodiments” unless specifically emphasized otherwise.
  • the terms “including”, “including”, “having” and their variants mean “including but not limited to” unless specifically emphasized otherwise.
  • Wavelength division multiplexing technology is to combine a series of information-bearing light with different wavelengths into a bundle through a multiplexing device (also known as a multiplexer) at the transmitting end, and transmit along a single fiber;
  • a communication technology that separates light of different wavelengths through a demultiplexing device (also known as a demultiplexer or a demultiplexer).
  • This technology can transmit multiple signals on a single fiber at the same time, and each signal is transmitted by a certain wavelength of light, which is what we call a wavelength channel.
  • the basic element used to realize its function in the wavelength division multiplexing device is the optical filter, among which the optical filter can be divided into the fiber fused taper type, the thin film filter type and the arrayed waveguide grating type.
  • the thin film filter type and the arrayed waveguide grating type are two types of optical filters that are more commonly used at present.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device using thin-film filter-type optical filters is mainly introduced, and the specific setting methods of wavelength division multiplexing devices using other types of optical filters are similar, and will not be described here. Repeat.
  • the thin-film filter is made by coating the glass substrate G with multiple dielectric film layers, and the expression of the film layer is: G(HL) P (LH) P A.
  • H is a high-refractive-index film with an optical thickness of 1/4 wavelength
  • L is a low-refractive-index film with an optical thickness of 1/4 wavelength
  • A is air.
  • the optical thickness of the film layer is 1/4 wavelength, the effect of transmitting or reflecting light of this wavelength can be effectively improved.
  • the optical thickness of the film layer is 1/2 wavelength, the film layer has no effect on the light of the wavelength, and the light can be completely transmitted through the film layer.
  • the thin-film filter can transmit the light of the specified wavelength by coating the dielectric film layers with different optical thicknesses, and reflect the light of the other wavelengths, so as to realize the functions of wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing.
  • the commonly used WDM devices based on thin-film filters include a three-port cascade scheme and a compact WDM scheme.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device of the three-port cascade scheme includes a plurality of three-port devices.
  • FIG. 1a shows a schematic structural diagram of a three-port device.
  • the three-port device may include a dual-fiber dual-hole pigtail 01 , a single-fiber single-hole pigtail 02 , two lenses 03 , a filter 04 , two glass tubes 05 , and a metal tube 06 .
  • the filter 04 is pasted on the end face of the lens 03 corresponding to the dual-fiber dual-hole pigtail 01 . Since the three-port device is a commonly used device in the present field, its specific structure will not be repeated here.
  • Fig. 1b is a wavelength division multiplexing device composed of the cascaded three-port devices shown in Fig. 1a.
  • a series of light rays with wavelengths of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, . . . ⁇ n can be input from the common end.
  • the light with the wavelength ⁇ 1 can be transmitted, while the light with the other wavelengths is reflected, so the light with the wavelength ⁇ 1 is output from the transmission end of the three-port device, while the other wavelengths The light is output from the reflection end. It can be understood from this that by cascading a plurality of three-port devices, light of different wavelengths can be separated one by one.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device of the compact wavelength division multiplexing scheme can be composed of a plurality of light collimators 07 and filters.
  • FIG. 2a shows the structure of a single fiber collimator 07.
  • a single fiber collimator 07 may include a single fiber single hole pigtail 02 , a lens 03 , a glass tube 05 , and a metal tube 06 . Since the optical fiber collimator 07 is a commonly used device in the present field, its specific structure will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing device composed of the fiber collimator 07 in FIG. 2a.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device can be applied to make the light with wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ... ⁇ n input from the common end and focus to the corresponding setting of the first fiber collimator 07a on the filter 04a.
  • the film layer of the filter 04a the light with a wavelength of ⁇ 1 can be transmitted through the filter 04a, and the light with a wavelength of ⁇ 1 can pass through the lens 03 of the first fiber collimator 07a (refer to Fig.
  • the coupling between wavelength channels can be realized in the form of collimated light rays that follow a "zigzag" route.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing devices of the two schemes require a large number of components and have complex structures.
  • active adjustment and assembly of pigtails and lenses, and between pigtails and pigtails are required, and the assembly process is relatively complicated.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device provided by the embodiments of the present application aims to solve the above problems, so as to simplify the structure of the wavelength division multiplexing device and improve its assembly efficiency.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication devices, and exemplarily, can be applied to switches and routers, etc., to implement the communication function of the communication device.
  • FIG. 3 shows an application scenario in which the wavelength division multiplexing device provided by an embodiment of the present application is used in the field of optical communication.
  • n signals are modulated to light with wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ... ⁇ n respectively, and then transmitted on the same optical fiber 1 through the multiplexing device 10 .
  • the light of different wavelengths is separated from the optical fiber 1 by the demultiplexing device 20, so as to restore the original n signals.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device provided in this application can be used as both the multiplexing device 10 and the demultiplexing device 20 .
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device provided by the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device may include an optical fiber 1 , a filter plate 2 and a fixing member 3 .
  • the optical fiber 1 and the filter 2 can be installed on the fixing member 3 so that the fixing member 3 can support the optical fiber 1 and the filter 2 .
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device may further include a mounting shell 4 , and the material of the mounting shell 4 may be plastic, so as to reduce the cost of the wavelength division multiplexing device.
  • the material of the mounting shell 4 can also be metal, so as to effectively improve the structural stability of the wavelength division multiplexing device.
  • the mounting shell 4 can be a cavity structure, and the fixing member 3 can be accommodated in the cavity 401 of the mounting shell 4, so that the mounting shell 4 can support the fixing member 3, and can support the fixing member 3.
  • the component 3 and components such as the optical fiber 1 and the filter 2 installed on the fixing component 3 play a protective role.
  • an optical fiber installation hole 402 may be provided on the housing of the installation shell 4 , and the above-mentioned optical fiber 1 may pass through the optical fiber installation hole 402 to realize the installation with the fixing member 3 .
  • a sealing structure (not shown in the figure) may also be provided between the optical fiber 1 and the hole wall of the optical fiber installation hole 402 , and the optical fiber 1 may be fixed to the installation casing 4 through the sealing structure.
  • the sealing structure can be exemplarily formed by dispensing glue, or it can be a sealing ring. It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, the installation shell 4 can be set to a closed structure. In FIG. 4, in order to show the installation relationship between the fixing member 3 and the installation shell 4, the cover plate on one side of the installation shell 4 is omitted. .
  • the fixing member 3 is used as the core structure of the wavelength division multiplexing device, and Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of the fixing member 3 according to a possible embodiment of the present application.
  • the fixing member 3 may be an integral molding structure, and the material of the fixing member 3 may be, but not limited to, plastic, so that the fixing member 3 can be processed by hot pressing or injection molding.
  • the fixing member 3 may be made of a material with an optical transmittance greater than or equal to 1250 nanometers and less than or equal to 1350 nanometers and an optical transmittance greater than 80%, so as to reduce its influence on the transmittance of light.
  • the fixing member 3 may be provided with an optical fiber positioning hole 301 , and the optical fiber positioning hole 301 can be used to install the optical fiber 1 as shown in FIG. 4 and limit the installation position of the optical fiber 1 .
  • the optical fiber positioning hole 301 can extend from the surface of the fixing member 3 to the interior of the fixing member 3 .
  • the end of the optical fiber positioning hole 301 located on the surface of the fixing member 3 is referred to as the hole 3011 of the optical fiber positioning hole 301, and the end extending into the fixing member 3 is called the optical fiber positioning hole 301. end.
  • the optical fiber positioning hole 301 can be, but is not limited to, a regular-shaped hole such as a square hole, a circular hole, or a V-shaped hole, and can also be set to an irregular-shaped hole such as a special-shaped hole, as long as it is convenient to realize the optical fiber 1. Install and locate.
  • the fixing member 3 may further be provided with a filter installation slot 302 .
  • the filter mounting slot 302 may be a slot with a regular shape such as a rectangular slot, or may be a slot with other irregular shapes.
  • the filter installation slot 302 can be disposed on the side of the end of the fiber positioning hole 301 away from the hole 3011, and there is a certain distance between the filter installation slot 302 and the end of the fiber positioning hole 301, and the distance can be determined according to the fixing member 3 volume, and the alignment accuracy between the filter mounting slot 302 and the fiber positioning hole 301 can be adjusted.
  • the groove wall 3021 and the groove wall 3022 in FIG. 5 there may also be two groove walls arranged at a certain angle in the filter installation groove 302, for example, the groove wall 3021 and the groove wall 3022 in FIG. 5 .
  • the fixing member 3 may also be configured as a hollow structure, and the filter mounting slot 302 may be arranged on the side wall of the hollow area 303 of the fixing member 3 .
  • it may be disposed on two oppositely disposed sidewalls of the hollow area 303 .
  • the hollow area 303 By arranging the hollow area 303 , the arrangement of the filter mounting slot 302 can be facilitated, and the weight of the fixing member 3 can also be reduced and materials can be saved.
  • the hollow area 303 can be filled and blocked, so as to improve the installation of the filter. The reliability of the connection between the filter 2 in the installation slot 302 and the fixing member 3 .
  • FIG. 6 is an A-A sectional view of the fixing member 3 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the fixing member 3 may be provided with a plurality of optical fiber positioning holes 301 .
  • the fixing member 3 may be provided with n+1 optical fiber positioning holes 301 , where n is a positive integer. Then, one of the optical fiber positioning holes 301 can be used to install the optical fiber serving as the common end, and the other n optical fiber positioning holes 301 can be used to install the optical fiber serving as the transmission end.
  • the fixing member 3 may be provided with a plurality of filter mounting slots 302 .
  • the filter can be used to select the light. Therefore, a filter installation slot 302 can be provided for each optical fiber positioning hole 301 used for installing the optical fiber used as the transmission end, and corresponding to the optical fiber used for installing the optical fiber used as the common end.
  • the filter mounting slot 302 may not be provided at the position of the positioning hole 301 .
  • the number of filter mounting slots 302 may be set to n, and the difference between the number of the optical fiber positioning holes 301 and the number of the filter mounting slots 302 is 1.
  • the specific arrangement of the plurality of optical fiber positioning holes 301 and the plurality of filter installation slots 302 in the fixing member 3 can be set according to the specific transmission mode of the light.
  • the installation position of the optical fiber can be adjusted by setting the optical fiber positioning hole 301 . 6, for the setting of the optical fiber positioning hole 301, the inclination angle of the optical fiber positioning hole 301 can be considered first. Since the optical fiber installed in the optical fiber positioning hole 301 is to be used for the transmission of light, the The inclination angle can be adjusted according to the setting position of the filter mounting slot 302 . In addition, in order to limit the depth of the optical fiber inserted into the optical fiber positioning hole 301 , in the present application, a positioning step 3012 may be provided at the end of the optical fiber positioning hole 301 .
  • the optical fiber installed in the optical fiber positioning hole 301 can abut the positioning step 3012 , and the distance between the positioning step 3012 and the aperture 3011 of the optical fiber positioning hole 301 is the depth into which the optical fiber can be inserted. In this way, the alignment of the positions between the optical fiber positioning holes 301 can be achieved through the alignment setting between the optical fiber installation holes 402 and the filter installation grooves 302 , thereby realizing the alignment of the optical fibers installed in the optical fiber positioning holes 301 and the optical fiber positioning holes 301 . Adjustment of positional accuracy between fibers.
  • the optical fiber installed in the optical fiber positioning hole 301 and the optical fiber installed in the filter installation groove 302 can be realized by the alignment setting between the optical fiber positioning hole 301 and the filter installation groove 302.
  • the passive adjustment of the positioning accuracy of the inner filter can effectively simplify the assembly process of the wavelength division filter device provided by the present application.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device may also be provided with a lens 5, and the lens 5 may be used for collimating the light emitted by the optical fiber, or converging the collimated light and then inputting it. fiber to reduce light loss. It can be understood from this that in the present application, the lens 5 may be disposed between the optical fiber and the filter.
  • the end of the optical fiber positioning hole 301 can also be provided with a lens hole 304, the lens hole 304 is communicated with the optical fiber positioning hole 301, and the aperture of the lens hole 304 is smaller than that of the optical fiber positioning hole 301, so that the lens hole 304 is smaller than the optical fiber positioning hole 301.
  • a positioning step 3012 is formed between the hole 304 and the fiber positioning hole 301 .
  • the arc surface 3041 can be used as a surface of the lens 5, and the groove wall of the filter mounting slot 302 on the same optical path can be used as a surface.
  • a lens 5 can be formed between the arc surface 3041 of the lens hole 304 and the groove wall of the filter mounting groove 302, and the lens 5 can be either a spherical mirror or an aspherical mirror. It can be seen that in the present application, the lens 5 and the fixing member 3 are integrally formed, which can avoid the installation of the lens 5 and the fixing member 3, thereby effectively reducing the number of components in the wavelength division multiplexing device, and simplifying the wave The assembly process of the multiplexed device.
  • the lens 5 is usually set as a solid structure, referring to FIG. 6 , in some embodiments of the present application, when the fixing member 3 is provided with a hollow area 303 , the lens 5 should be understood as the arc surface 3041 and the filter on the same optical path.
  • the optical fiber installed in the optical fiber positioning hole 301 and the optical fiber collimator formed between the lens 5 can be realized by the alignment setting between the optical fiber positioning hole 301 and the lens hole 304.
  • the passive adjustment and assembly can effectively simplify the assembly process of the wavelength division filter device provided in this application.
  • the lens can also be installed independently.
  • the lens can also be installed in the lens installation hole, and the alignment between the lens and the optical fiber can be achieved through active adjustment. Since the active adjustment between the lens and the optical fiber is a common technical means in the field, it will not be described in detail here.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing device according to an embodiment of the present application. 6 and 7 together, when the wavelength division multiplexing device is specifically assembled, first, an optical fiber 1 can be installed in each optical fiber positioning hole 301, and in specific implementation, the optical fiber 1 can be directly inserted into the fixed position.
  • the optical fiber positioning hole 301 of the component 3 is used, and the insertion position of the optical fiber 1 is limited by the positioning step 3012 .
  • the optical fiber 1 can be fixed to the fixing member 3 by dispensing glue between the optical fiber 1 and the hole wall of the optical fiber positioning hole 301 , so as to realize the positioning of the optical fiber 1 .
  • a filter is installed in each filter installation slot 302 .
  • the filter 2 can be placed in the filter installation slot 302 , and the filter 2 can be attached to the slot wall of the filter installation slot 302 .
  • the filter 2 and the groove wall of the filter installation groove 302 can also be fixed by dispensing glue, so as to realize the positioning of the filter 2 .
  • the fixing member 3 assembled with the optical fiber 1 and the filter 2 can be installed in the cavity 401 of the mounting shell 4, and the fixing member 3 and the mounting shell 4 can also be fixed by, but not limited to, glue dispensing.
  • the free end of the optical fiber 1 (the free end of the optical fiber 1 refers to the end of the optical fiber 1 protruding from the fixing member 3 ) through the optical fiber installation hole 402 on the installation shell 4 to the outside of the installation shell 4, the free end can be Communication with other communication devices.
  • glue dispensing can also be used for sealing between the optical fiber 1 and the optical fiber installation hole 402 , so that the installation shell 4 can seal and protect the wavelength division filter element, so as to prolong the service life of the wavelength division multiplexing element.
  • the optical fiber 1 is a single-fiber single-hole pigtail fiber
  • the filter 2 is a thin-film filter type filter as an example for description.
  • straight lines with arrows indicate the direction of light transmission.
  • the light beam input into the first optical fiber is transmitted forward to the first lens and then becomes collimated light, and continues It is transmitted to the first filter.
  • the first filter is coated with a film, the film can transmit light with wavelength ⁇ 1 and reflect light with wavelengths ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ... ⁇ n, so that the light with wavelength ⁇ 1 passes through the first filter. Transmission from one filter travels forward to the second lens, where it becomes converging light, which is concentrated in a second fiber for forward travel.
  • the second filter can be used to transmit light with wavelengths ⁇ 2, and the reflected wavelengths are ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4,... ⁇ n so that the light with wavelengths ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ... ⁇ n passes through the second filter, the light with wavelength ⁇ 2 is transmitted and converged by the third lens to reach the third fiber for transmission, and the remaining wavelength is ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4, ... ⁇ n light continues to transmit forward according to the above-mentioned similar principle, and the input light of final wavelength ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ... ⁇ n is filtered by n filters, and then enters into n fibers in turn to complete the wavelength division.
  • the demultiplexing function of the multiplexed device It can be seen from FIG. 7 that, in this embodiment of the present application, the coupling between wavelength channels can be realized in the form of collimated rays that follow a "zigzag" route.
  • the multiplexing function of the wavelength division multiplexing device can follow the reversible principle of the optical path, that is, the light with wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ... .
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device of the currently commonly used three-port cascade scheme the wavelength division multiplexing device of the compact wavelength division multiplexing scheme, and the wavelength division multiplexing device scheme provided by this application in the above embodiments, it is possible to It is known that the specific setting methods of the three forms of wavelength division multiplexing devices are quite different. Taking the wavelength division multiplexing device that separates the light of 6 wavelengths as an example, the number of components and assembly methods of the three types of wavelength division multiplexing devices are listed in Table 1 for comparison.
  • the number of components is reduced from 48 to 14, and the number of components is reduced by 70%, compared with the wavelength division multiplexing device of the three-port cascaded solution.
  • the number of components is reduced from 34 to 14, and the number of components is reduced by 60%. It can be understood that, by using the wavelength division multiplexing device provided by the present application, the number of components thereof is greatly reduced, the structure of the wavelength division multiplexing device can be effectively simplified, and the cost thereof can be reduced.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device of the existing three-port cascade scheme and the wavelength division multiplexing device of the compact wavelength division multiplexing scheme need to be active in the installation of optical fibers, filters, lenses, and fiber collimators. Adjust, its assembly efficiency is low, resulting in low production efficiency of wavelength division multiplexing devices.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device provided by the present application can realize the optical fiber shown in FIG. 7 by integrating the structure of the optical fiber positioning hole 301, the filter installation slot 302, the lens hole 304, etc. on the fixing member 3 as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the passive installation of 1 and the filter 2 and the free installation of the lens 5 greatly improve the assembly efficiency of the wavelength division multiplexing device.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device for separating the light beams containing 6 wavelengths.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device provided by the present application is provided with m optical fibers, it can be used to separate light beams containing n wavelengths, where n ⁇ m-1.
  • a plurality of fixing parts can also be used in combination, and the plurality of fixing parts are all installed with optical fibers and filters.
  • the light emitted from one of the two adjacent fixing parts can enter the other fixing part through the optical fiber provided on the other fixing part as a common end.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of the combined use of the fixing members in a wavelength division multiplexing device according to a possible embodiment of the present application.
  • the solid lines with arrows represent the transmission of light within the fixing members
  • the dashed lines with arrows represent the transmission of light between the fixing members.
  • FIG. 9 also shows the configuration of the wavelength division multiplexing device in some other possible embodiments of the present application.
  • a plurality of fixing members 3 can also be provided, and at the same time, an optical fiber positioning hole 301, a filter mounting slot 302 and a lens hole 304 are respectively set on each fixing member 3, but the specific setting method is the same as that of the above-mentioned implementation. The examples are similar and will not be repeated here.
  • each fixing member 3 is provided with only one optical fiber positioning hole 301 and a lens hole 304.
  • the fixing member 3 for installing the optical fiber serving as the transmission end can also be provided.
  • the number of the fixing members 3 can be selected and assembled according to specific needs. With this arrangement, passive installation of optical fibers and filters and free installation of lenses can also be achieved for each fixing member 3 , thereby simplifying the assembly of the wavelength division multiplexing device.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device may include a light source 6, a detector 7, and the wavelength division multiplexing device provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the light source 6 may also be one, and the one light source 6 may be used to emit light of different wavelengths. In this way, at the transmitting end, different signals can be modulated to light with different wavelengths for transmission.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing device can be used as both a multiplexing device and a demultiplexing device.
  • a wavelength division multiplexing device used as a multiplexing device can aggregate a plurality of light rays carrying different signals respectively, and enable them to be transmitted on one optical fiber 1 .
  • a wavelength-division multiplexing device used as a demultiplexing device can separate light of different wavelengths.
  • the detector 7 can be used to convert the optical signal from the demultiplexing device into an electrical signal, wherein a detector 7 can be provided corresponding to each light of different wavelengths, so that the signals modulated to the light of different wavelengths are detected. reduction.
  • the structure of the wavelength division multiplexing device provided by the present application is simplified, the assembly efficiency thereof is improved. In this way, when the wavelength division multiplexing device is used in a communication device, the production efficiency of the communication device can be significantly improved, thereby reducing its production cost.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种波分复用器件和通信设备，涉及通信技术领域。该波分复用器件可以包括固定件、光纤、滤波片和透镜。其中，固定件设置有光纤定位孔和滤波片安装槽，滤波片安装槽设置于光纤定位孔的末端远离光纤定位孔的孔口的一侧，且滤波片安装槽与光纤定位孔的末端间隔设置。光纤可安装于光纤定位孔，滤波片可安装于滤波片安装槽，滤波片可对从光纤发射的光线进行透射或者反射。另外，设置于光纤和滤波片之间的透镜可用于将光纤发射的光线进行准直，或将准直光汇聚后输入光纤。该波分复用器件，通过光纤定位孔和滤波片安装槽之间的对位设置，来实现光纤与滤波片的对位，其可有效的提升波分复用器件的组装效率，从而可提升通信设备的生产效率。

Description

一种波分复用器件和通信设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2021年04月09日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110382327.X、申请名称为“一种波分复用器件和通信设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及到通信技术领域，尤其涉及到一种波分复用器件和通信设备。
背景技术
光纤通信技术(optical fiber communications)从光通信中脱颖而出，已成为现代通信的主要支柱之一，在现代电信网中起着举足轻重的作用。光纤通信作为一门新兴技术，其近年来发展速度之快，应用面之广是通信史上罕见的，也是世界新技术革命的重要标志和未来信息社会中各种信息的主要传送工具。
光纤通信的一个优势是可以在一根光纤中同时传输数十个波长的光线，称作波分复用(wavelength-division multiplexing，WDM)。WDM传输的基本元件是光学滤波器，光学滤波器例如可分为光纤熔融拉锥型、薄膜滤波器型或者阵列波导光栅型等。其中，薄膜滤波器型的WDM器件是较为常见的。
薄膜滤波器型的WDM器件目前主要有三端口级联方案和紧凑型波分复用方案，但是该两种方案的WDM器件中光纤和透镜之间、两个光纤之间需要进行有源调节和组装，其组装工艺较为复杂。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种波分复用器件和通信设备，用以提升波分复用器件的组装效率，简化通信设备的结构。
第一方面，提供了一种波分复用器件，该波分复用器件可以包括固定件、光纤、滤波片和透镜。其中，固定件设置有光纤定位孔和滤波片安装槽，滤波片安装槽设置于光纤定位孔的末端远离光纤定位孔的孔口的一侧，且滤波片安装槽与光纤定位孔的末端间隔设置。光纤可安装于光纤定位孔，滤波片可安装于滤波片安装槽，滤波片可用于对从光纤发射出的光线进行透射或者反射。另外，设置于光纤和滤波片之间的透镜可用于将光纤发射的光线进行准直，或将准直光汇聚后输入光纤。采用本申请提供的波分复用器件，可通过光纤定位孔和滤波片安装槽之间的对位设置，来实现光纤与滤波片之间的无源对位，从而可有效的提升波分复用器件的组装效率。
为了实现光纤在固定件上的定位，在本申请一个可能的实现方式中，可以在光纤定位孔的末端设置定位台阶。这样，在光纤安装于光纤定位孔后，光纤可与定位台阶相抵接，其可对光线伸入至固定件内的深度进行限定。
在具体设置透镜时，透镜可为固定件为一体成型结构。具体实施时，可使固定件设置 有与光纤定位孔相连通的透镜孔。其中，透镜孔设置于光纤定位孔的末端，且透镜孔与光纤定位孔之间形成定位台阶。
另外，在透镜孔的远离光纤定位孔的一端具有弧形面。这样，在同一光路上，弧形面与滤波片安装槽的槽壁之间即可形成透镜，该透镜既可为球面镜，也可以为非球面镜。可以理解的是，透镜为实体结构，故透镜为弧形面与滤波片安装槽的槽壁之间的实体结构组成。
在本申请一个可能的实现方式中，固定件上可以设置有多个光纤定位孔和多个滤波片安装槽。其中，多个光纤定位孔的数量与多个滤波片安装槽的数量的差值为1。在每个光纤定位孔内对应安装有一个光纤，同时对应每个滤波片安装槽安装有一个滤波片。采用该实现方式，可以使波分复用器件仅设置有一个固定件，且可通过在该一个固定件上安装多个光纤以及滤波片来实现波分复用器件的功能，其可以有效的简化波分复用器件的结构。
在固定件上可以设置有镂空区，上述的多个滤波片安装槽可以设置于镂空区的两个相对的侧壁。这样可以简化滤波片安装槽的结构设计，并可以减轻固定件的重量，节省材料。
通常情况下，波分复用器件在使用时，可以将固定件上的一个光纤作为公共端，不同波长的光线可通过该公共端输入至波分复用器件，或者从波分复用器件中出射。另外，除公共端之外的其它光纤可作为波分复用器件的透射端，该透射端可用于对单一波长光线进行传输。具体应用时，可使经公共端进入波分复用器件的不同波长的光线分离后可分别经对应的透射端出射，或者单一波长的光线分别经对应的透射端进入波分复用器件汇聚后，经公共端出射。
可以理解的是，在本申请中，可使滤光片与透射端一一对应的设置，这样可实现单一波长的光线在透射端与滤波片之间的传输。
在本申请一些可能的实现方式中，波分复用器件可以设置有多个固定件，以满足对多种不同波长的光线的汇聚或者分离的要求。
在本申请中，固定件可为一体成型的结构，为了减小固定件的材料对光线的吸收以及传输路线的影响，在本申请一个可能的实现方式中，可以使固定件采用大于或等于1250纳米，且小于或等于1350纳米波段光学透过率大于80％的材料制成。
另外，为了提高波分复用器件的结构稳定性，还可以使波分复用器件设置有一个安装壳。上述的固定件、光纤和滤波片等可以容置于安装壳的空腔。在安装壳的壳体上可以设置有光纤安装孔，光纤可以穿过光纤安装孔伸至安装壳的外部与其它的设备进行连接。
本申请提供的安装壳可为封闭的壳体结构，在光纤与光纤安装孔的孔壁之间可以设置有密封结构，并使光纤通过该密封结构固定于安装壳。这样可以有效的提高光纤与光纤安装孔之间密封效果，从而可避免液体或者灰尘等进入安装壳的空腔内，以对安装于安装壳的空腔内的光纤、滤波片等结构起到保护的作用。
第二方面，提供了一种通信设备，该通信设备可以包括光源、检测器和第一方面的波分复用器件。其中，波分复用器件既可以用作复用器件，也可用作解复用器件。其中，用作复用器件的波分复用器件，可用于对位于发射端的光源发射的不同波长的光线进行汇聚，从而使再由不同信号的多条光线能够在一根光纤上传输。用作解复用器件的波分复用器件，可用于接收端，以将不同波长的光线进行分离。检测器可用于对调制于光线上的信号进行还原。由于本申请提供的通信设备中的波分复用器件的结构得到了简化，其组装效率得到了提高。从而使通信设备的生产效率得到显著的提高，以降低其生产成本。
附图说明
图1a为一种三端口器件的结构示意图；
图1b为三端口级联方案的波分复用器件的结构示意图；
图2a为一种光纤准直器的结构示意图；
图2b为一种紧凑型波分复用方案的波分复用器件的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一种实施例提供的波分复用器件的应用场景示意图；
图4为本申请一种实施例提供的波分复用器件的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一种实施例提供的固定件的结构示意图；
图6为图5中A-A处的截面图；
图7为本申请一种实施例提供的波分复用器件的剖面结构示意图；
图8为本申请一种实施例提供的波分复用器件的组合结构示意图；
图9为本申请另一种实施例提供的固定件的结构示意图；
图10为本申请一种实施例提供的通信设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中“至少一个”是指一个或多个，其中，多个是指两个或两个以上。鉴于此，本发明实施例中也可以将“多个”理解为“至少两个”。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，字符“/”，如无特殊说明，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。另外，需要理解的是，在本申请的描述中，“第一”、“第二”等词汇，仅用于区分描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”或“一些实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在其它一些实施例中”、“在另外一些实施例中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其它方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其它方式另外特别强调。
为方便理解本申请实施例提供的波分复用器件，首先对波分复用技术进行介绍。波分复用技术，是在发送端通过复用器件(也可称为和波器，multiplexer)将一系列载有信息、但波长不同的光线合成一束，沿着单根光纤传输；在接收端再经解复用器件(也可称为分波器或去复用器，demultiplexer)将各个不同波长的光线分开的通信技术。这种技术可以同时在一根光纤上传输多路信号，而每一路信号都由某种特定波长的光线来传送，这就是我们所说的一个波长信道。
波分复用器件中用于实现其功能的基本元件是光学滤波器，其中，光学滤波器可分为光纤熔融拉锥型、薄膜滤波器型和阵列波导光栅型等。其中薄膜滤波器型和阵列波导光栅型是目前较为常用的两种光学滤波器的类型。在本申请中，主要针对采用薄膜滤波器型的光学滤波器的波分复用器件进行介绍，而采用其它类型的光学滤波器的波分复用器件的具 体设置方式相类似，在此不进行赘述。
薄膜滤波器是采用在玻璃基体G上镀多层介质膜层的方法制成，其膜层的表达式为：G(HL) P(LH) PA。其中，H是光学厚度为1/4波长的高折射率膜层，L是光学厚度为1/4波长的低折射率膜层，A为空气。P代表膜层数，且P＝1，2，…，n，n为正整数。另外，当膜层的光学厚度为1/4波长时，可有效的提升对该波长的光线的透射或者反射的效果。但当膜层的光学厚度为1/2波长时，该膜层对该波长的光线无影响，光线可完全经该膜层透过。薄膜滤波器可以通过镀不同光学厚度的介质膜层实现对指定波长的光线的透射，而使其余波长的光线进行反射，从而实现波分复用和解复用的功能。
目前，基于薄膜滤波器的波分复用器件常用的有三端口级联方案和紧凑型波分复用方案。其中，三端口级联方案的波分复用器件包括多个三端口器件，可参照图1a，图1a展示了一种三端口器件的结构示意图。该三端口器件可以包括一个双纤双孔尾纤01，一个单纤单孔尾纤02，两个透镜03，一个滤波片04，两个玻璃管05，一个金属管06。其中，滤波片04粘贴在双纤双孔尾纤01对应的透镜03的端面上。由于三端口器件为目前本领域较为常用的器件，故在此不对其具体结构进行赘述。
图1b为由图1a中所示的三端口器件级联组成的波分复用器件。一并参照图1a和图1b，应用该波分复用器件，可使波长为λ1，λ2，…λn的一系列光线从公共端输入。另外，通过对滤波片04的膜层进行合理设计，可使波长为λ1的光线透射，而其它波长的光线则被反射，因此波长为λ1的光线从三端口器件的透射端输出，而其它波长的光线从反射端输出。由此可以理解，通过将多个三端口器件进行级联，可以将不同波长的光线逐个分开。
另外，紧凑型波分复用方案的波分复用器件可由多个光线准直器07和滤波片组成。参照图2a，图2a展示了一种单个光纤准直器07的结构。单个光纤准直器07可以包括一个单纤单孔尾纤02，一个透镜03，一个玻璃管05，一个金属管06。由于光纤准直器07为目前本领域较为常用的器件，故在此不对其具体结构进行赘述。
图2b为由图2a中的光纤准直器07组成的波分复用器件的结构示意图。可一并参照图2a和图2b，应用该波分复用器件，可使波长分别为λ1，λ2，…λn的光线从公共端输入，并聚焦到与第一个光纤准直器07a对应设置的滤波片04a上。这样，通过对滤波片04a的膜层进行合理设计，可使波长为λ1的光线通过滤波片04a透射，并使该波长为λ1的光线经第一个光纤准直器07a的透镜03(可参照图2a)耦合到第一个光纤准直器07a的单纤单孔尾纤02(可参照图2a)中，从而分离出波长为λ1的光线。而其余波长的光线经滤波片04a反射到与第二个光纤准直器07b对应设置的滤波片04b进行光线的分离；依此类推，直到分离出所有的光线。由图2b可以看出，在该实施例中，波长信道之间的耦合可通过走“之”字路线的准直光线的形式实现。
由上述对于三端口器件级联方案和紧凑型波分复用方案的介绍可以知道：两种方案的波分复用器件中所需要的元件数量较多，结构较为复杂。另外，在三端口器件级联方案和紧凑型波分复用方案中，均需要对尾纤和透镜，以及尾纤和尾纤之间进行有源调节和组装，其组装工艺较为复杂。
本申请实施例提供的波分复用器件旨在解决上述问题，以简化波分复用器件的结构，提高其组装效率。另外，本申请实施例提供的波分复用器件可应用于各种通信设备中，示例性的，可应用于交换机和路由器等，以用于实现通信设备的通信功能。
如图3所示，图3展示了本申请一种实施例提供的波分复用器件用于光通信领域的应用场景。其中，在发送端，n个信号被调制到波长分别为λ1，λ2，…λn的光线上，然后通过复用器件10在同一根光纤1上传输。在接收端，利用解复用器件20将这些不同波长的光线从光纤1上分离出来，以便还原成最初的n个信号。
值得一提的是，由于光路具有可逆性，即当光线逆着原来的反射光线(或折射光线)的方向入射到媒质界面时，必会逆着原来的入射方向出射出去。基于此，本申请提供的波分复用器件既可用作复用器件10，也可用作解复用器件20。接下来结合附图对本申请提供的波分复用器件的具体设置方式进行详细的说明。
参照图4，图4展示了本申请一种实施例提供的波分复用器件的结构示意图。该波分复用器件可以包括光纤1、滤波片2和固定件3。其中，光纤1和滤波片2可安装于固定件3，以使固定件3能够对光纤1和滤波片2起到支撑的作用。
继续参照图4，波分复用器件还可以包括安装壳4，安装壳4的材质可以为塑料，以降低波分复用器件的成本。在一些可能的实施例中，安装壳4的材质也可以为金属，以有效的提高波分复用器件的结构稳定性。
在本申请中，安装壳4可为空腔结构，固定件3可容置于安装壳4的空腔401内，以使安装壳4能够对固定件3起到支撑的作用，并可对固定件3以及安装于固定件3的光纤1和滤波片2等元件起到保护的作用。另外，该安装壳4的壳体上可以设置有光纤安装孔402，上述的光纤1可以穿过该光纤安装孔402实现与固定件3的安装。在光纤1与光纤安装孔402的孔壁之间还可以设置有密封结构(图中未示出)，光纤1可通过该密封结构固定于安装壳4。该密封结构示例性的可通过点胶形成，或者为密封圈。可以理解的是，在本申请实施例中，安装壳4可以设置为封闭的结构，在图4中为了展示固定件3与安装壳4的安装关系，省略了安装壳4的一侧的盖板。
在本申请中，固定件3作为波分复用器件的核心结构，其在具体设置时可以参照图5，图5展示了本申请一种可能的实施例的固定件3的结构示意图。在该实施例中，固定件3可以为一体成型结构，该固定件3的材质可以但不限于为塑料，以使固定件3可通过热压或者注塑成型工艺加工得到。另外，固定件3可以采用大于或等于1250纳米，且小于或等于1350纳米波段光学透过率大于80％的材料制成，以减小其对于光线的透过率的影响。
继续参照图5，固定件3可以设置有光纤定位孔301，该光纤定位孔301可用于安装如图4中所示的光纤1，并对光纤1的安装位置进行限位。为了便于光纤1的安装，该光纤定位孔301可由固定件3的表面向固定件3的内部延伸。在本申请中，将光纤定位孔301的位于固定件3的表面的端部称为光纤定位孔301的孔口3011，而将其伸至固定件3内的端部称为光纤定位孔301的末端。另外，在本申请中，光纤定位孔301可以但不限于为方孔、圆孔或V形孔等规则形状的孔，也可以设置为异形孔等非规则形状的孔，只要便于实现光纤1的安装以及定位即可。
如图5所示，为了能够实现如图4中所示的滤波片2与固定件3的安装，固定件3上还可以设置有滤波片安装槽302。滤波片安装槽302可以为矩形槽等规则形状的槽，也可以为其它不规则形状的槽。该滤波片安装槽302可以设置于光纤定位孔301的末端远离孔口3011的一侧，并且滤波片安装槽302与光纤定位孔301的末端之间存在一定的间距，该间距可根据固定件3的体积，以及滤波片安装槽302和光纤定位孔301之间的对位精度进行调整。在本申请一个可能的实施例中，还可以使滤波片安装槽302中存在呈一定夹角设 置的两个槽壁，例如图5中的槽壁3021和槽壁3022。这样，在将滤波片2安装于滤波片安装槽302时，可使滤波片2的一端能够抵接于槽壁3021，而使滤波片2的一侧表面贴装于槽壁3022，从而便于实现对滤波片2的安装以及定位。
可继续参照图5，在本申请一个可能的实施例中，固定件3还可以设置为镂空结构，滤波片安装槽302可以设置于固定件3的镂空区303的侧壁上。示例性的，可以设置于镂空区303的两个相对设置的侧壁上。通过设置镂空区303，可以便于滤波片安装槽302的设置，还可以减轻固定件3的重量，节省材料。在另外一些可能的实施例中，还可以在将如图4中所示的滤波片2安装于滤波片安装槽302内后，再对该镂空区303进行填充封堵，以提高安装于滤波片安装槽302内的滤波片2与固定件3之间连接的可靠性。
参照图6，图6为图5中所示固定件3的A-A剖面图。在波分复用器件中通常可以设置有一个公共端，以及多个透射端，其中，公共端用于供不同波长的光线输入波分复用器件，或者供不同波长的从波分复用器件中发射；透射端用于单一波长的光线的传输。因此，在本申请中，固定件3可以设置有多个光纤定位孔301。示例性的，固定件3上可以设置有n+1个光纤定位孔301，其中，n为正整数。则其中一个光纤定位孔301可用于安装作为公共端的光纤，另外的n个光纤定位孔301用于安装作为透射端的光纤。
在本申请一些实施例中，固定件3可以设置有多个滤波片安装槽302。滤波片可用于对光线进行选择，因此，可对应每一个用于安装用作透射端的光纤的光纤定位孔301各设置有一个滤波片安装槽302，而对应用于安装用作公共端的光纤的光纤定位孔301的位置处可不设置滤波片安装槽302。在该实施例中，滤波片安装槽302可以设置为n个，则光纤定位孔301的数量与滤波片安装槽302的数量的差值为1。
可以理解的是，固定件3中的多个光纤定位孔301和多个滤波片安装槽302的具体排布方式可根据其光线的具体传输方式进行设置。
在本申请实施例中，光纤的安装位置可通过光纤定位孔301的设置来进行调节。可继续参照图6，对于光纤定位孔301的设置，首先可考虑光纤定位孔301开设的倾斜角度，由于安装于光纤定位孔301内的光纤要用于对光线的传输，则光纤定位孔301的倾斜角度可以根据滤波片安装槽302的设置位置进行调整。另外，为了实现对光纤插入光纤定位孔301内的深度的限位，在本申请中，可以在光纤定位孔301的末端设置定位台阶3012。安装于光纤定位孔301的光纤可与该定位台阶3012相抵接，则定位台阶3012与光纤定位孔301的孔口3011之间的间距即为光纤可以插入的深度。这样，即可通过光纤安装孔402和滤波片安装槽302之间的对位设置，来实现各光纤定位孔301之间的位置的对准，进而实现对安装于光纤定位孔301内的光纤和光纤之间的位置精度的调整。
可以理解的是，在本申请中，可以通过光纤定位孔301和滤波片安装槽302之间的对位设置，来实现对安装于光纤定位孔301中的光纤，以及安装于滤波片安装槽302内的滤波片的设置位置精度的无源调节，其可以有效的简化本申请提供的波分滤波器件的组装过程。
继续参照图6，在本申请一个可能的实施例中，波分复用器件还可以设置有透镜5，透镜5可用于将光纤发射的光线进行准直处理，或者将准直光进行汇聚后输入光纤，以降低光的损耗。由此可以理解，在本申请中，透镜5可以设置于光纤与滤波片之间。
可继续参照图6，在光纤定位孔301的末端还可以设置有透镜孔304，该透镜孔304与光纤定位孔301相连通，且透镜孔304的孔径小于光纤定位孔301的孔径，以在透镜孔 304与光纤定位孔301之间形成定位台阶3012。另外，在透镜孔304的远离光纤定位孔301的一端具有弧形面3041，该弧形面3041可用作透镜5的一个表面，在同一条光路上的滤波片安装槽302的槽壁可作为透镜的另一个表面，这样，即可在透镜孔304的弧形面3041和滤波片安装槽302的槽壁之间形成了透镜5，该透镜5既可以为球面镜，也可以为非球面镜。由此可知，在本申请中，透镜5与固定件3为一体成型结构，其可避免透镜5与固定件3的安装，从而有效的减小波分复用器件中元件的数量，并简化波分复用器件的组装过程。
由于透镜5通常设置为实体结构，可参照图6，在本申请一些实施例中，当固定件3设置有镂空区303时，透镜5应理解为在同一条光路上的弧形面3041与滤波片安装槽302的槽壁之间的实体结构。
可以理解的是，在本申请中，可以通过光纤定位孔301和透镜孔304之间的对位设置，来实现安装于光纤定位孔301中的光纤，和透镜5之间形成的光纤准直器的无源调节及组装，其可以有效的简化本申请提供的波分滤波器件的组装过程。
在本申请另外一些实施例中，还可以单独进行透镜的安装，在该实施例中，透镜也可安装于透镜安装孔内，而透镜与光纤之间可通过有源调节实现对位设置。由于透镜与光纤之间的有源调节为本领域常用的技术手段，故在此不进行赘述。
由上述对于固定件3的介绍可以理解，在本申请中，通过对光纤定位孔301、滤波片安装槽302以及透镜孔304的位置进行设计，即可实现光纤与光纤之间、光纤与滤波片之间，以及光纤与透镜之间的位置精度的无源调节。
图7展示了本申请一种实施例的波分复用器件的剖面结构示意图。可一并参照图6和图7，该波分复用器件在具体组装时，首先，可以在每个光纤定位孔301内安装一个光纤1，具体实施时，可将光纤1直接插设于固定件3的光纤定位孔301，并通过定位台阶3012对光纤1的插入位置进行限位。另外，可以但不限于通过在光纤1与光纤定位孔301的孔壁之间进行点胶的方式，将光纤1固定于固定件3，以实现光纤1的定位。其次，在每个滤波片安装槽302内安装一个滤波片，具体实施时，滤波片2可以放置于滤波片安装槽302，并且滤波片2可以贴设于滤波片安装槽302的槽壁。另外，滤波片2与滤波片安装槽302的槽壁之间也可以通过点胶的方式进行固定，从而实现对滤波片2的定位。之后，可将组装好光纤1和滤波片2的固定件3安装于安装壳4的空腔401内，固定件3与安装壳4之间也可以但不限于通过点胶的方式进行固定。最后，将光纤1的自由端(光纤1的自由端指光纤1的从固定件3伸出的一端)穿过安装壳4上的光纤安装孔402伸至安装壳4的外部，该自由端可与其它通信装置进行通信连接。另外，在光纤1与光纤安装孔402之间也可以通过点胶进行密封，从而使安装壳4能够对波分滤波器件进行密封保护，以延长波分复用器件的使用寿命。
可以理解的是，上述波分复用器件的组装过程只是一种示例性的说明。由于在本申请中，滤波片2以及光纤1等元件都可通过无源调节进行组装，无需进行额外的对位操作。因此，在本申请其它可能的实施例中，可对上述安装步骤随意进行调整，其均应理解为落在本申请的保护范围之内。
为了便于对本申请提供的波分复用器件的设置方式进行理解，接下来结合图7对本申请的波分复用器件的工作原理进行介绍。在该实施例中，以光纤1为单纤单孔尾纤，滤波片2为薄膜滤波器型的滤波片为例进行说明。
在图7中，带箭头的直线表示了光线的传输方向。其中，为了便于区分波长分别为λ1，λ2，…λn的光束进入作为公共端的第一个光纤，输入该第一个光纤的光束向前传输到达第一个透镜后变为准直光，并继续传输到第一个滤波片，由于第一个滤波片镀有膜层，该膜层可透射波长为λ1的光线，反射波长为λ2，λ3，…λn的光线，这样波长为λ1的光线经过第一个滤波片的透射向前传输到达第二个透镜，变为汇聚光，汇聚到第二个光纤中向前传输。
之后，波长为λ2，λ3，…λn的光线经过第一个滤波片后反射到达第二个滤波片，第二个滤波片可用于透射波长为λ2的光线，反射波长为λ3，λ4，…λn的光线，这样波长为λ2，λ3，…λn的光线经过第二个滤波片后，波长为λ2的光线透射出去并经过第三个透镜汇聚后到达第三个光纤进行传输，剩余的波长为λ3，λ4，…λn的光线继续按照上述相似的原理继续向前传输，最终波长λ1，λ2，…λn的输入光经过n个滤波片的滤波作用后，依次进入至n个光纤中，完成波分复用器件的解复用功能。由图7可以看出，在本申请该实施例中，波长信道之间的耦合可通过走“之”字路线的准直光线的形式实现。
可以理解的是，波分复用器件的复用功能可遵循光路的可逆原理，即波长为λ1，λ2，…λn的光线分别经过n个光纤后，汇聚为一束光束通过作为公共端的光纤输出。
通过在上述实施例中对于目前常用的三端口级联方案的波分复用器件、紧凑型波分复用方案的波分复用器件，以及本申请提供的波分复用器件方案的介绍可以知道，三种形式的波分复用器件的具体设置方式存在较大的区别。现以对6个波长的光线进行分离的波分复用器件为例，将三种形式的波分复用器件的元件的数量以及组装方式列于表1中进行对比。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022082813-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022082813-appb-000002
通过上述对比可以发现，采用本申请提供的波分复用器件的方案，相较于三端口级联方案的波分复用器件，元件数量由48件降低到14件，元件数量减少70％。而相对于紧凑型波分复用方案的波分复用器件，元件数量由34件下降到14件，元件数量减少60％。可以理解的是，采用本申请提供的波分复用器件，其元件数量的大量减少，可以有效的简化波分复用器件的结构，降低其成本。
另外，现有的三端口级联方案的波分复用器件和紧凑型波分复用方案的波分复用器件在光纤、滤波片、透镜、光纤准直器的安装上均需要进行有源调节，其组装效率低，从而导致波分复用器件的生产效率低。而本申请提供的波分复用器件通过在如图6所示的固定件3上集成光纤定位孔301、滤波片安装槽302、透镜孔304等结构后，可以实现如图7所示的光纤1和滤波片2的无源安装，以及透镜5的免安装，其在很大程度上提高了波分复用器件的组装效率。
在上述实施例中，只展示了对包含6个波长的光束的光线进行分离的波分复用器件的设置方式。但是，可以理解的是，本申请提供的波分复用器件若设置有m个光纤，其可以用于对包含n个波长的光束的光线进行分离，其中，n≤m-1。
而当需要对包括更多个波长的光束的光线进行分离时，还可以将多个固定件进行组合使用，该多个固定件均安装有光纤和滤波片。多个固定件在组合使用时，相邻的两个固定件中，从其中一个固定件发射的光线，可通过另一个固定件上设置的作为公共端的光纤进入该另一个固定件中。
为了便于对上述多个固定件的组合使用进行理解，可以参照图8，图8展示了本申请的一个可能的实施例的波分复用器件中固定件组合使用的结构示意图。在图8所示的实施例中，用带箭头的实线表示光线在固定件内的传输，用带箭头的虚线表示光线在固定件之间的传输。
由于通过改变滤波片对于光线的滤波效果，可以使不同波长的光线均能够经该滤波片直接透过而进入到同一根光纤中。因此，在图8所示的实施例中，可使不能够经前一个固定件完成分离的不同波长的光线通过一根作为透射端的光纤，进入到下一个固定件中进行分离。此时，前一个固定件上的透射端，可以作为下一个固定件上的公共端。
可以理解的是，在该实施例中，通过将两个分别可用于对6个波长的光线进行分离的固定件进行组合后，其可用于对包括不多于12个波长的光束的光线进行分离。值得一提的是，在图8所示的实施例中，为了便于表达，只示出了两个固定件3的组合设置方式，对于波分复用器件的其它结构的设置可以参照上述任一实施例，在此不进行赘述。
除了上述介绍的波分复用器件的设置方式外，参照图9，图9还展示了本申请另外一些可能的实施例中的波分复用器件的设置方式。在该实施例中，也可以将固定件3设置为多个，同时在每个固定件3上分别设置光纤定位孔301、滤波片安装槽302以及透镜孔304， 但其具体设置方式与上述实施例相类似，在此不进行赘述。
不同的是，在图9所示的实施例中，每个固定件3只设置有一个光纤定位孔301和透镜孔304，另外，在用于安装作为透射端的光纤的固定件3上还可以设置有滤波片安装槽302。这样，可以根据具体需要选择固定件3的数量并进行组装。采用该设置方式，对于每个固定件3来说，也可实现光纤与滤波片的无源安装，以及透镜的免安装，从而使波分复用器件的组装得到简化。
可以理解的是，上述实施例只是对于本申请提供的波分复用器件的一些可能的设置方式的示例性说明。基于此，本领域技术人员可进行一系列的变形，其均应理解为落在本申请的保护范围之内。
基于相同的发明构思，本申请还提供了一种通信设备，参照图10，图10展示了本申请一种实施例的通信设备的结构示意图。该通信设备可以包括光源6、检测器7以及上述任一实施例提供的波分复用器件。其中，光源6可以为多个，每个光源6可用于发射一种波长的光线。在一些可能的实施例中，光源6也可以为一个，该一个光源6可用于发射不同波长的光线。这样，在发射端，不同的信号可以被调制到不同波长的光线上进行传输。
由上述实施例对本申请提供的波分复用器件的介绍可以知道，该波分复用器件既可用作复用器件，也可用作解复用器件。其中，在发射端，用作复用器件的波分复用器件可对分别载有不同信号的多条光线进行汇聚，并使其能够在一根光纤1上进行传输。在接收端，用作解复用器件的波分复用器件可将不同波长的光线分离出来。
检测器7可用于将从解复用器件出来的光信号转换成电信号，其中，可对应每种不同波长的光线分别设置一个检测器7，从而使被调制到不同波长的光线上的信号被还原。
由于本申请提供的波分复用器件的结构得到了简化，其组装效率得到了提高。这样，在将该波分复用器件用于通信设备时，可以使通信设备的生产效率得到显著的提高，从而可降低其生产成本。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种波分复用器件，其特征在于，包括：固定件、光纤、滤波片和透镜，其中：
    所述固定件设置有光纤定位孔和滤波片安装槽，所述滤波片安装槽设置于所述光纤定位孔的末端远离所述光纤定位孔的孔口的一侧，且所述滤波片安装槽与所述光纤定位孔的所述末端间隔设置；
    所述光纤安装于所述光纤定位孔，所述滤波片安装于所述滤波片安装槽；所述滤波片用于对从所述光纤发射出的光线进行透射或者反射；
    所述透镜设置于所述光纤与所述滤波片之间，所述透镜用于将所述光纤发射的光线进行准直处理，或者将准直光汇聚后输入所述光纤。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述光纤定位孔的末端具有定位台阶，所述光纤可与所述定位台阶相抵接。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述固定件还设置有与所述光纤定位孔相连通的透镜孔，所述透镜孔设置于所述光纤定位孔的末端，且所述透镜孔与所述光纤定位孔之间形成所述定位台阶。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述透镜孔的远离所述光纤定位孔的一端具有弧形面；在同一光路上，所述弧形面与所述滤波片安装槽的槽壁之间形成透镜。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述透镜为球面镜或者非球面镜。
  6. 如权利要求1～5任一项所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述固定件设置有多个光纤定位孔和多个所述滤波片安装槽，多个所述光纤定位孔的数量与多个所述滤波片安装槽的数量的差值为1；
    每个所述光纤定位孔安装有一个所述光纤，每个所述滤波片安装槽安装有一个所述滤波片。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述固定件具有镂空区，多个所述滤波片安装槽分设于所述镂空区的两个相对的侧壁。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述固定件上的一个所述光纤作为所述波分复用器件的公共端，其它所述光纤作为所述波分复用器件的透射端，所述公共端用于供不同波长的光线输入所述波分复用器件，或者供不同波长的光线从所述波分复用器件发射；所述透射端用于单一波长的光线传输。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述滤波片与所述透射端一一对应设置。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述波分复用器件包括多个固定件，相邻的两个所述固定件中，从其中一个所述固定件发射的光线，可通过另一个所述固定件上的所述公共端进入另一个所述固定件。
  11. 如权利要求1～10任一项所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述固定件采用大于或等于1250纳米，且小于或等于1350纳米波段光学透过率大于80％的材料制成。
  12. 如权利要求1～11任一项所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述固定件为一体成型结构。
  13. 如权利要求1～12任一项所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述波分复用器件还 包括安装壳，所述固定件、所述光纤和所述滤波片容置于所述安装壳的空腔；
    所述安装壳的壳体设置有光纤安装孔，所述光纤穿过所述光纤安装孔伸至所述安装壳的外部。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的波分复用器件，其特征在于，所述光纤与所述光纤安装孔的孔壁之间设置有密封结构，所述光纤通过所述密封结构固定于所述安装壳。
  15. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，包括光源、检测器和如权利要求1～14任一项所述的波分复用器件，其中，所述波分复用器件可用于对所述光源发射的不同波长的光线进行汇聚或者分离，所述检测器用于还原调制于所述光线上的信号。
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