WO2022213673A1 - 融合无人机dom和星载sar影像的地表三维形变提取方法 - Google Patents
融合无人机dom和星载sar影像的地表三维形变提取方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
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- ZACLXWTWERGCLX-MDUHGFIHSA-N dom-1 Chemical compound O([C@@H]1C=C(C([C@@H](O)[C@@]11CO)=O)C)[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C[C@@]1(C)C2=C ZACLXWTWERGCLX-MDUHGFIHSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012952 Resampling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in magnetic properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/86—Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
- G01S13/867—Combination of radar systems with cameras
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9004—SAR image acquisition techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for obtaining three-dimensional deformation of the surface by fusing unmanned aerial vehicle DOM and spaceborne SAR images, and belongs to the field of surface deformation and disaster monitoring.
- the present invention combines the advantages of UAV images and SAR images, and proposes a three-dimensional surface deformation extraction method that integrates UAV DOM and spaceborne SAR images, which can quickly and accurately obtain the three-dimensional deformation of the surface and structures. bright future.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for extracting three-dimensional deformation of the ground surface that integrates UAV DOM and spaceborne SAR images, which solves the problem that it is difficult to obtain three-dimensional surface deformation from single-track SAR images and that it is difficult to obtain vertical sinking from UAV images. It has the advantages of high precision, low cost, no contact with the measured object, wide range, and easy operation.
- the method for extracting three-dimensional surface deformation of the fusion UAV DOM and spaceborne SAR images of the present invention is characterized in that the specific steps are as follows:
- S1 use satellite SAR/InSAR technology to calculate the line-of-sight deformation field of the target area, denoted as: LOS;
- S3 take the first phase DOM1 as the main image and the second phase DOM2 as the slave image, use the fine registration method to calculate the pixel offsets in the north-south and east-west directions of the two DOM image points with the same name, and remove from the offset the two
- the overall offset of the image obtained by the secondary drone is the pixel offset caused by the movement of the ground; the overall offset of the image is the error offset generated by the two aerial photography;
- the surface three-dimensional deformation extraction method of fusion UAV DOM and spaceborne SAR image according to claim 1 is characterized in that, what SAR/InSAR technology adopts in step S1 is classical offset tracking algorithm, subband Interferometric method, DInSAR, and time-series InSAR, the above-mentioned methods can be used to obtain the line-of-sight deformation of the surface, which is recorded as LOS.
- the surface three-dimensional deformation extraction method of fusion UAV DOM and spaceborne SAR image according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the two-phase DOM ground resolution and SAR image resolution generated in step S2 should be identical, otherwise The DOM needs to be resampled.
- the precise registration method in step S3 includes: a normalized cross-correlation matching method, a least squares matching method, and a feature matching method; the overall offset of the image is obtained from the quadratic surface fitted by the offset of the non-deformed area, which mainly includes: It is the systematic error caused by the registration algorithm and the influence of noise.
- step S4 the horizontal movement amount U N in the north-south direction and the east-west horizontal movement amount U E of each pixel with the same name are calculated, and the unit of the movement amount is the number of pixels, specifically:
- step S5 the formula for calculating the vertical surface settlement W by using the SAR three-dimensional deformation decomposition model is:
- ⁇ is the incident angle of the radar satellite
- ⁇ h is the heading angle of the satellite
- U N and U E are the horizontal movement in the north-south and east-west directions calculated by the DOM of the UAV
- LOS is the surface deformation of the radar line of sight obtained by SAR/InSAR technology.
- Single-track SAR technology can only obtain high-precision radar line-of-sight (LOS) deformation, and cannot be decomposed into three-dimensional deformation in vertical, east-west, and north-south directions.
- the difference between two phases of UAV image formation of DEM can only obtain low-precision vertical deformation.
- horizontal movement is also lack of research and application.
- the invention combines the advantages of the UAV image and the SAR image, uses the UAV image accurate registration method to obtain the horizontal movement, and brings it into the SAR line-of-sight deformation decomposition equation, so that the LOS deformation can be decomposed to obtain high-precision vertical deformation.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the implementation of the method for extracting three-dimensional deformation of the ground surface by fusing the UAV DOM and spaceborne SAR images according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional deformation diagram of the simulated ground surface used in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional deformation map of the surface calculated by the present invention.
- the method for extracting the three-dimensional deformation of the surface of the fusion UAV DOM and spaceborne SAR images of the present invention is characterized in that the specific steps are as follows:
- S1 use satellite SAR/InSAR technology to solve the line-of-sight deformation field of the target area, denoted as: LOS;
- SAR/InSAR technology uses the classic offset tracking algorithm, sub-band interference method, DInSAR, time-series InSAR, which can be used The above method obtains the surface line-of-sight deformation variable, denoted as LOS.
- S3 take the first phase of DOM1 as the main image and the second phase of DOM2 as the slave image, and use the precise registration method to calculate the pixel offsets in the north-south and east-west directions of the two DOM image points with the same name.
- the precise registration method includes: normalization Cross-correlation matching method, least squares matching method, feature matching method; the overall offset of the image is obtained from the quadratic surface fitted by the offset of the non-deformed area, which is mainly caused by the registration algorithm and the systematic error caused by the influence of noise; In this offset, the pixel offset caused by the ground surface movement is obtained by removing the overall offset of the images obtained by the two drones; the overall image offset is the error offset generated by the two aerial photography, and the error offset The amount is the overall pixel offset caused by the registration method, noise, etc. These offsets are used to fit the entire offset of the area, and the entire image removes these offsets to leave the true offset of the deformed area.
- the three-dimensional deformation un, ue, and w of the surface of a simulated mine are calculated through the mining subsidence prediction model and simulation parameters; the resolution of the simulated SAR image is 0.221m; the LOS data is simulated according to the SAR three-dimensional deformation decomposition model.
- the DOM is resampled according to the simulated three-dimensional deformation value of the ground surface, and the new DOM is used as the DOM generated by the UAV image at time t 2 .
- a method for extracting three-dimensional deformation of the ground surface by fusing unmanned aerial vehicle DOM and spaceborne SAR images comprising the following steps, specifically:
- the interval between the two flights of the UAV should be consistent with the time interval of the acquired SAR images, the altitude and camera parameters used in the two flights should be consistent, and the upper left corner of the DOM generated after processing should be the same, and the DOM
- the ground resolution should be the same as the SAR image resolution. After resampling, the ground resolution of the obtained DOM is 0.221m, and the size of the deformation study area is 1185 ⁇ 823 pixels.
- the normalized cross-correlation matching method For the two-phase DOM, the normalized cross-correlation matching method, the feature matching method, the least square image matching and the same name point matching method are used to realize the rough registration and fine registration of the DOM
- the vertical deformation value W of each point on the surface is calculated.
- the formula is:
- ⁇ is the incident angle of the radar satellite
- ⁇ h is the heading angle of the satellite
- U N and U E are the horizontal movement in the north-south and east-west directions calculated by the DOM registration of the UAV
- LOS is the radar line-of-sight obtained by SAR/InSAR technology to the surface deformation.
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
- 一种融合无人机DOM和星载SAR影像的地表三维形变提取方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:S1,利用卫星SAR/InSAR技术解算目标地区的视线向形变场,记为:LOS;S2,利用一架无人机按照一样的航路获取两个不同时期的目标地区地表影像数据,处理无人机影像生成数字正射影像图DOM,且两期DOM空间分辨率相同;S3,将第一期DOM1作为主影像,第二期DOM2作为从影像,利用精配准方法计算两期DOM同名像点南北、东西方向的像素偏移量,从该偏移量中去除影像整体偏移量得到因地表移动而引起的像素偏移量;影像整体偏移量为两次航拍产生的误差偏移量;S4,利用S3得到的南北、东西方向的像素偏移量和影像地面分辨率计算每个同名像点相应地表实际水平移动,每个同名像点实际水平移动包括:南北方向水平移动量U N、东西水平移动量U E;S5,根据SAR三维形变分解模型,结合卫星获取的视线向形变场LOS以及南北方向水平移动量U N、东西水平移动量U E,解算目标区域地表竖向下沉值W,从而得到地表实际三维形变。
- 根据权利要求1所述的融合无人机DOM和星载SAR影像的地表三维形变提取方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中SAR/InSAR技术采用的是经典的偏移量跟踪算法、子带干涉方法、DInSAR、时序InSAR,可利用上述方法获取地表视线向形变量,记为LOS。
- 根据权利要求1所述的融合无人机DOM和星载SAR影像的地表三维形变提取方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中生成的两期DOM地面分辨率与SAR影像分辨率应相同,否则需要对DOM进行重采样。
- 根据权利要求1所述的融合无人机DOM和星载SAR影像的地表三维形变提取方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中的精配准方法包括:归一化互相关匹配方法、最小二乘匹配方法、特征匹配方法;影像整体偏移量由非变形区域偏移量拟合的二次曲面获取,其主要是配准算法、噪声影响产生的系统误差。
- 根据权利要求1所述的融合无人机DOM和星载SAR影像的地表三维形变提取方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中计算各同名像素点的南北方向水平移动量 U N、东西水平移动量U E,移动量的单位为像素点个数,具体为:设第一期DOM1与第二期DOM2匹配到的同名点对为p 1(x 1,y 1)和p 2(x 2,y 2),点p 1(x 1,y 1)位于第一期DOM1上,点p 2(x 2,y 2)位于第二期DOM2上,(x 1,y 1)、(x 2,y 2)分别是点p 1(x 1,y 1)、点p 2(x 2,y 2)在各自影像坐标系中的坐标,影像坐标系的原点为DOM的左上角,原点向右的方向为影像坐标系X轴方向,原点向下的方向为影像坐标系Y轴方向;利用公式U N(x,y)=GSD*(y 2-y 1)和U E(x,y)=GSD*(x 2-x 1)分别计算第一期DOM1与第二期DOM2中记录的地表水平移动;U N(x,y)是同名点对p 1(x 1,y 1)和p 2(x 2,y 2)在南北方向上的水平移动,U E(x,y)是同名点对p 1(x 1,y 1)和p 2(x 2,y 2)在东西方向上的水平移动,GSD为DOM的地面分辨率。
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