WO2022212750A1 - Identification et prédiction du début du travail et de la naissance à partir de données physiologiques sur la base d'éléments portés - Google Patents

Identification et prédiction du début du travail et de la naissance à partir de données physiologiques sur la base d'éléments portés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022212750A1
WO2022212750A1 PCT/US2022/022897 US2022022897W WO2022212750A1 WO 2022212750 A1 WO2022212750 A1 WO 2022212750A1 US 2022022897 W US2022022897 W US 2022022897W WO 2022212750 A1 WO2022212750 A1 WO 2022212750A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
temperature
data
indication
pregnancy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2022/022897
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nina Thigpen
Neta GOTLIEB
Gerald PHO
Kirstin ASCHBACHER
Cristina NOUJAIM
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Oura Health Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oura Health Oy filed Critical Oura Health Oy
Priority to JP2023560364A priority Critical patent/JP2024513828A/ja
Priority to CA3215600A priority patent/CA3215600A1/fr
Priority to AU2022249147A priority patent/AU2022249147A1/en
Priority to EP22720819.6A priority patent/EP4312733A1/fr
Priority claimed from US17/710,013 external-priority patent/US20220319690A1/en
Publication of WO2022212750A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022212750A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/43—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems
    • A61B5/4306—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems for evaluating the female reproductive systems, e.g. gynaecological evaluations
    • A61B5/4343—Pregnancy and labour monitoring, e.g. for labour onset detection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
    • A61B5/0008—Temperature signals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0015—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
    • A61B5/0022—Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02405—Determining heart rate variability
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/0816—Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6825—Hand
    • A61B5/6826—Finger
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
    • A61B5/7264—Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems

Definitions

  • the following relates to wearable devices and data processing, including labor onset and birth identification and prediction from wearable-based physiological data.
  • the indication of labor onset may be detected based on symptoms experienced by the user (e.g., contractions, water breaking, etc.). In such cases, the indication of labor onset may be detected after occurrence and/or confirmed at an appointment with the clinician.
  • Techniques described herein may continuously collect the physiological data from the user based on measurements taken from a wearable that continuously measures a user’s surface temperature and signals extracted from blood flow such as arterial blood flow (e.g., via PPG signal).
  • the computing devices may sample the user’s temperature continuously throughout the day and night. Sampling at a sufficient rate (e.g., one sample per minute) throughout the day and/or night may provide sufficient temperature data for analysis described herein.
  • Example wearable devices 104 may include wearable computing devices, such as a ring computing device (hereinafter “ring”) configured to be worn on a user’s 102 finger, a wrist computing device (e.g., a smart watch, fitness band, or bracelet) configured to be worn on a user’s 102 wrist, and/or a head mounted computing device (e.g., glasses/goggles).
  • ring ring computing device
  • wrist e.g., a smart watch, fitness band, or bracelet
  • head mounted computing device e.g., glasses/goggles
  • Wearable devices 104 may also include bands, straps (e.g., flexible or inflexible bands or straps), stick-on sensors, and the like, that may be positioned in other locations, such as bands around the head (e.g., a forehead headband), arm (e.g., a forearm band and/or bicep band), and/or leg (e.g., a thigh or calf band), behind the ear, under the armpit, and the like. Wearable devices 104 may also be attached to, or included in, articles of clothing. For example, wearable devices 104 may be included in pockets and/or pouches on clothing.
  • Some electronic devices may measure physiological parameters of respective users 102, such as photoplethysmography waveforms, continuous skin temperature, a pulse waveform, respiration rate, heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), actigraphy, galvanic skin response, pulse oximetry, and/or other physiological parameters.
  • Some electronic devices that measure physiological parameters may also perform some/all of the calculations described herein.
  • Some electronic devices may not measure physiological parameters, but may perform some/all of the calculations described herein.
  • a ring e.g., wearable device 104
  • mobile device application or a server computing device may process received physiological data that was measured by other devices.
  • a first user 102-a may operate, or may be associated with, a wearable device 104-a (e.g., ring 104-a) and a user device 106-a that may operate as described herein.
  • the user device 106-a associated with user 102-a may process/store physiological parameters measured by the ring 104-a.
  • arteries in the wrist are positioned on the bottom of the wrist (e.g., palm-side of the wrist), meaning only capillaries are accessible on the top of the wrist (e.g., back of hand side of the wrist), where wearable watch devices and similar devices are typically worn.
  • utilizing LEDs and other sensors within a ring 104 has been found to exhibit superior performance as compared to wearable devices worn on the wrist, as the ring 104 may have greater access to arteries (as compared to capillaries), thereby resulting in stronger signals and more valuable physiological data.
  • the ring 104-a associated with the first user 102-a may be communicatively coupled to the user device 106-a, where the user device 106-a is communicatively coupled to the servers 110 via the network 108.
  • wearable devices 104 e.g., rings 104, watches 104
  • the system 100 may offer an on-demand database service between the user devices 106 and the one or more servers 110.
  • the servers 110 may receive data from the user devices 106 via the network 108, and may store and analyze the data. Similarly, the servers 110 may provide data to the user devices 106 via the network 108. In some cases, the servers 110 may be located at one or more data centers. The servers 110 may be used for data storage, management, and processing. In some implementations, the servers 110 may provide a web-based interface to the user device 106 via web browsers.
  • the system 100 may utilize circadian rhythm-derived features to further improve physiological data collection, data processing procedures, and other techniques described herein.
  • circadian rhythm may refer to a natural, internal process that regulates an individual’s sleep-wake cycle, that repeats approximately every 24 hours.
  • techniques described herein may utilize circadian rhythm adjustment models to improve physiological data collection, analysis, and data processing.
  • a circadian rhythm adjustment model may be input into a machine learning classifier along with physiological data collected from the user 102-a via the wearable device 104-a.
  • the circadian rhythm adjustment model may be configured to “weight,” or adjust, physiological data collected throughout a user’s natural, approximately 24-hour circadian rhythm.
  • the system may initially start with a “baseline” circadian rhythm adjustment model, and may modify the baseline model using physiological data collected from each user 102 to generate tailored, individualized circadian rhythm adjustment models that are specific to each respective user 102.
  • the system 100 may utilize other biological rhythms to further improve physiological data collection, analysis, and processing by phase of these other rhythms. For example, if a weekly rhythm is detected within an individual’s baseline data, then the model may be configured to adjust “weights” of data by day of the week.
  • Biological rhythms that may require adjustment to the model by this method include: 1) ultradian (faster than a day rhythms, including sleep cycles in a sleep state, and oscillations from less than an hour to several hours periodicity in the measured physiological variables during wake state; 2) circadian rhythms; 3) non-endogenous daily rhythms shown to be imposed on top of circadian rhythms, as in work schedules;
  • the system 200 further includes a user device 106 (e.g., a smartphone) in communication with the ring 104.
  • the ring 104 may be in wireless and/or wired communication with the user device 106.
  • the ring 104 may send measured and processed data (e.g., temperature data, photoplethysmogram (PPG) data, motion/accelerometer data, ring input data, and the like) to the user device 106.
  • PPG photoplethysmogram
  • the user device 106 may also send data to the ring 104, such as ring 104 firmware/configuration updates.
  • the user device 106 may process data.
  • the user device 106 may transmit data to the server 110 for processing and/or storage.
  • the sensors may include associated modules (not illustrated) configured to communicate with the respective components/modules of the ring 104, and generate signals associated with the respective sensors.
  • each of the components/modules of the ring 104 may be communicatively coupled to one another via wired or wireless connections.
  • the ring 104 may include additional and/or alternative sensors or other components that are configured to collect physiological data from the user, including light sensors (e.g., LEDs), oximeters, and the like.
  • the inner housing 205-a may be configured to interface with the user’s finger.
  • the inner housing 205-a may be formed from a polymer (e.g., a medical grade polymer) or other material.
  • the inner housing 205-a may be transparent.
  • the inner housing 205-a may be transparent to light emitted by the PPG light emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • the inner housing 205-a component may be molded onto the outer housing 205-b.
  • the inner housing 205-a may include a polymer that is molded (e.g., injection molded) to fit into an outer housing 205-b metallic shell.
  • the various components/modules of the ring 104 represent functionality (e.g., circuits and other components) that may be included in the ring 104.
  • Modules may include any discrete and/or integrated electronic circuit components that implement analog and/or digital circuits capable of producing the functions attributed to the modules herein.
  • the modules may include analog circuits (e.g., amplification circuits, filtering circuits, analog/digital conversion circuits, and/or other signal conditioning circuits).
  • the modules may also include digital circuits (e.g., combinational or sequential logic circuits, memory circuits etc.).
  • the communication module 220-a may include circuits that provide wireless and/or wired communication with the user device 106 (e.g., communication module 220-b of the user device 106).
  • the communication modules 220-a, 220-b may include wireless communication circuits, such as Bluetooth circuits and/or Wi-Fi circuits.
  • the communication modules 220-a, 220-b can include wired communication circuits, such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) communication circuits.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • the ring 104 and the user device 106 may be configured to communicate with each other.
  • the processing module 230-a of the ring may be configured to transmit/receive data to/from the user device 106 via the communication module 220-a.
  • Example data may include, but is not limited to, motion data, temperature data, pulse waveforms, heart rate data, HRV data, PPG data, and status updates (e.g., charging status, battery charge level, and/or ring 104 configuration settings).
  • the processing module 230-a of the ring may also be configured to receive updates (e.g., software/firmware updates) and data from the user device 106.
  • the ring 104 may include a battery 210 (e.g., a rechargeable battery 210).
  • a battery 210 e.g., a rechargeable battery 210.
  • An example battery 210 may include a Lithium-Ion or Lithium-Polymer type battery 210, although a variety of battery 210 options are possible.
  • the battery 210 may be wirelessly charged.
  • the ring 104 may include a power source other than the battery 210, such as a capacitor.
  • the power source e.g., battery 210 or capacitor
  • the power source may have a curved geometry that matches the curve of the ring 104.
  • a charger or other power source may include additional sensors that may be used to collect data in addition to, or which supplements, data collected by the ring 104 itself.
  • the ring 104 includes a power module 225 that may control charging of the battery 210.
  • the power module 225 may interface with an external wireless charger that charges the battery 210 when interfaced with the ring 104.
  • the charger may include a datum structure that mates with a ring 104 datum structure to create a specified orientation with the ring 104 during 104 charging.
  • the power module 225 may also regulate voltage(s) of the device electronics, regulate power output to the device electronics, and monitor the state of charge of the battery 210.
  • the battery 210 may include a protection circuit module (PCM) that protects the battery 210 from high current discharge, over voltage during 104 charging, and under voltage during 104 discharge.
  • the power module 225 may also include electro-static discharge (ESD) protection.
  • ESD electro-static discharge
  • the one or more temperature sensors 240 may be electrically coupled to the processing module 230-a.
  • the temperature sensor 240 may be configured to generate a temperature signal (e.g., temperature data) that indicates a temperature read or sensed by the temperature sensor 240.
  • the processing module 230-a may determine a temperature of the user in the location of the temperature sensor 240.
  • temperature data generated by the temperature sensor 240 may indicate a temperature of a user at the user’s finger (e.g., skin temperature). In some implementations, the temperature sensor 240 may contact the user’s skin.
  • a portion of the housing 205 may form a barrier (e.g., a thin, thermally conductive barrier) between the temperature sensor 240 and the user’s skin.
  • portions of the ring 104 configured to contact the user’s finger may have thermally conductive portions and thermally insulative portions.
  • the thermally conductive portions may conduct heat from the user’s finger to the temperature sensors 240.
  • the thermally insulative portions may insulate portions of the ring 104 (e.g., the temperature sensor 240) from ambient temperature.
  • the temperature sensor 240 may generate a digital signal (e.g., temperature data) that the processing module 230-a may use to determine the temperature.
  • the processing module 230-a (or a temperature sensor 240 module) may measure a current/voltage generated by the temperature sensor 240 and determine the temperature based on the measured current/voltage.
  • Example temperature sensors 240 may include a thermistor, such as a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, or other types of sensors including resistors, transistors, diodes, and/or other electrical/electronic components.
  • NTC negative temperature coefficient
  • the processing module 230-a may store the sampled temperature data in memory 215.
  • the processing module 230-a may process the sampled temperature data. For example, the processing module 230-a may determine average temperature values over a period of time. In one example, the processing module 230-a may determine an average temperature value each minute by summing all temperature values collected over the minute and dividing by the number of samples over the minute. In a specific example where the temperature is sampled at one sample per second, the average temperature may be a sum of all sampled temperatures for one minute divided by sixty seconds.
  • the memory 215 may store the average temperature values over time. In some implementations, the memory 215 may store average temperatures (e.g., one per minute) instead of sampled temperatures in order to conserve memory 215.
  • the sampling rate which may be stored in memory 215, may be configurable. In some implementations, the sampling rate may be the same throughout the day and night. In other implementations, the sampling rate may be changed throughout the day/night. In some implementations, the ring 104 may filter/reject temperature readings, such as large spikes in temperature that are not indicative of physiological changes (e.g., a temperature spike from a hot shower). In some implementations, the ring 104 may filter/reject temperature readings that may not be reliable due to other factors, such as excessive motion during 104 exercise (e.g., as indicated by a motion sensor 245).
  • the ring 104 may transmit the sampled and/or average temperature data to the user device 106 for storage and/or further processing.
  • the user device 106 may transfer the sampled and/or average temperature data to the server 110 for storage and/or further processing.
  • the ring 104 may include multiple temperature sensors 240 in one or more locations, such as arranged along the inner housing 205-a near the user’s finger.
  • the temperature sensors 240 may be stand-alone temperature sensors 240.
  • one or more temperature sensors 240 may be included with other components (e.g., packaged with other components), such as with the accelerometer and/or processor.
  • the processing module 230-a may acquire and process data from multiple temperature sensors 240 in a similar manner described with respect to a single temperature sensor 240. For example, the processing module 230 may individually sample, average, and store temperature data from each of the multiple temperature sensors 240. In other examples, the processing module 230-a may sample the sensors at different rates and average/store different values for the different sensors. In some implementations, the processing module 230-a may be configured to determine a single temperature based on the average of two or more temperatures determined by two or more temperature sensors 240 in different locations on the finger.
  • the temperature sensors 240 on the ring 104 may acquire distal temperatures at the user’s finger (e.g., any finger). For example, one or more temperature sensors 240 on the ring 104 may acquire a user’s temperature from the underside of a finger or at a different location on the finger. In some implementations, the ring 104 may continuously acquire distal temperature (e.g., at a sampling rate). Although distal temperature measured by a ring 104 at the finger is described herein, other devices may measure temperature at the same/different locations. In some cases, the distal temperature measured at a user’s finger may differ from the temperature measured at a user’s wrist or other external body location.
  • the distal temperature measured at a user’s finger may differ from the user’s core temperature.
  • the ring 104 may provide a useful temperature signal that may not be acquired at other intemal/extemal locations of the body.
  • continuous temperature measurement at the finger may capture temperature fluctuations (e.g., small or large fluctuations) that may not be evident in core temperature.
  • continuous temperature measurement at the finger may capture minute-to-minute or hour-to-hour temperature fluctuations that provide additional insight that may not be provided by other temperature measurements elsewhere in the body.
  • the ring 104 may include a PPG system 235.
  • the PPG system 235 may include one or more optical transmitters that transmit light.
  • the PPG system 235 may also include one or more optical receivers that receive light transmitted by the one or more optical transmitters.
  • An optical receiver may generate a signal (hereinafter “PPG” signal) that indicates an amount of light received by the optical receiver.
  • the optical transmitters may illuminate a region of the user’s finger.
  • the PPG signal generated by the PPG system 235 may indicate the perfusion of blood in the illuminated region.
  • the PPG signal may indicate blood volume changes in the illuminated region caused by a user’s pulse pressure.
  • the processing module 230-a may sample the PPG signal and determine a user’s pulse waveform based on the PPG signal.
  • the processing module 230-a may determine a variety of physiological parameters based on the user’s pulse waveform, such as a user’s respiratory rate, heart rate, HRV, oxygen saturation, and other circulatory parameters.
  • the PPG system 235 may be configured as a reflective PPG system 235 in which the optical receiver(s) receive transmitted light that is reflected through the region of the user’s finger.
  • the PPG system 235 may be configured as a transmissive PPG system 235 in which the optical transmitter(s) and optical receiver(s) are arranged opposite to one another, such that light is transmitted directly through a portion of the user’s finger to the optical receiver(s).
  • Example optical transmitters may include light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • the optical transmitters may transmit light in the infrared spectrum and/or other spectrums.
  • Example optical receivers may include, but are not limited to, photosensors, phototransistors, and photodiodes.
  • the optical receivers may be configured to generate PPG signals in response to the wavelengths received from the optical transmitters.
  • the location of the transmitters and receivers may vary. Additionally, a single device may include reflective and/or transmissive PPG systems 235.
  • the PPG system 235 illustrated in FIG. 2 may include a reflective PPG system 235 in some implementations.
  • the PPG system 235 may include a centrally located optical receiver (e.g., at the bottom of the ring 104) and two optical transmitters located on each side of the optical receiver.
  • the PPG system 235 e.g., optical receiver
  • the PPG system 235 may generate the PPG signal based on light received from one or both of the optical transmitters.
  • other placements, combinations, and/or configurations of one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers are contemplated.
  • the processing module 230-a may control one or both of the optical transmitters to transmit light while sampling the PPG signal generated by the optical receiver.
  • the processing module 230-a may cause the optical transmitter with the stronger received signal to transmit light while sampling the PPG signal generated by the optical receiver.
  • the selected optical transmitter may continuously emit light while the PPG signal is sampled at a sampling rate (e.g., 250 Hz).
  • Sampling the PPG signal generated by the PPG system 235 may result in a pulse waveform that may be referred to as a “PPG.”
  • the pulse waveform may indicate blood pressure vs time for multiple cardiac cycles.
  • the pulse waveform may include peaks that indicate cardiac cycles. Additionally, the pulse waveform may include respiratory induced variations that may be used to determine respiration rate.
  • the processing module 230-a may store the pulse waveform in memory 215 in some implementations.
  • the processing module 230-a may process the pulse waveform as it is generated and/or from memory 215 to determine user physiological parameters described herein.
  • the processing module 230-a may determine the user’s heart rate based on the pulse waveform. For example, the processing module 230-a may determine heart rate (e.g., in beats per minute) based on the time between peaks in the pulse waveform. The time between peaks may be referred to as an interbeat interval (IBI). The processing module 230-a may store the determined heart rate values and IBI values in memory 215.
  • heart rate e.g., in beats per minute
  • IBI interbeat interval
  • the processing module 230-a may store the determined heart rate values and IBI values in memory 215.
  • the processing module 230-a may determine HRV over time. For example, the processing module 230-a may determine HRV based on the variation in the IBls. The processing module 230-a may store the HRV values over time in the memory 215. Moreover, the processing module 230-a may determine the user’s respiratory rate over time. For example, the processing module 230-a may determine respiratory rate based on frequency modulation, amplitude modulation, or baseline modulation of the user’s IBI values over a period of time. Respiratory rate may be calculated in breaths per minute or as another breathing rate (e.g., breaths per 30 seconds). The processing module 230-a may store user respiratory rate values over time in the memory 215.
  • the ring 104 may include one or more motion sensors 245, such as one or more accelerometers (e.g., 6-D accelerometers) and/or one or more gyroscopes (gyros).
  • the motion sensors 245 may generate motion signals that indicate motion of the sensors.
  • the ring 104 may include one or more accelerometers that generate acceleration signals that indicate acceleration of the accelerometers.
  • the ring 104 may include one or more gyro sensors that generate gyro signals that indicate angular motion (e.g., angular velocity) and/or changes in orientation.
  • the motion sensors 245 may be included in one or more sensor packages.
  • An example accelerometer/gyro sensor is a Bosch BM1160 inertial micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensor that may measure angular rates and accelerations in three perpendicular axes.
  • MEMS micro electro-mechanical system
  • the processing module 230-a may sample the motion signals at a sampling rate (e.g., 50Hz) and determine the motion of the ring 104 based on the sampled motion signals. For example, the processing module 230-a may sample acceleration signals to determine acceleration of the ring 104. As another example, the processing module 230-a may sample a gyro signal to determine angular motion. In some implementations, the processing module 230-a may store motion data in memory 215. Motion data may include sampled motion data as well as motion data that is calculated based on the sampled motion signals (e.g., acceleration and angular values).
  • the ring 104 may store a variety of data described herein.
  • the ring 104 may store temperature data, such as raw sampled temperature data and calculated temperature data (e.g., average temperatures).
  • the ring 104 may store PPG signal data, such as pulse waveforms and data calculated based on the pulse waveforms (e.g., heart rate values, IBI values, HRV values, and respiratory rate values).
  • the ring 104 may also store motion data, such as sampled motion data that indicates linear and angular motion.
  • the ring 104 may calculate and store additional values based on the sampled/calculated physiological data.
  • the processing module 230 may calculate and store various metrics, such as sleep metrics (e.g., a Sleep Score), activity metrics, and readiness metrics.
  • additional values/metrics may be referred to as “derived values.”
  • the ring 104, or other computing/wearable device may calculate a variety of values/metrics with respect to motion.
  • Example derived values for motion data may include, but are not limited to, motion count values, regularity values, intensity values, metabolic equivalence of task values (METs), and orientation values.
  • Motion counts, regularity values, intensity values, and METs may indicate an amount of user motion (e.g., velocity/acceleration) over time.
  • Orientation values may indicate how the ring 104 is oriented on the user’s finger and if the ring 104 is worn on the left hand or right hand.
  • motion counts and regularity values may be determined by counting a number of acceleration peaks within one or more periods of time (e.g., one or more 30 second to 1 minute periods).
  • Intensity values may indicate a number of movements and the associated intensity (e.g., acceleration values) of the movements.
  • the intensity values may be categorized as low, medium, and high, depending on associated threshold acceleration values.
  • METs may be determined based on the intensity of movements during a period of time (e.g., 30 seconds), the regularity/irregularity of the movements, and the number of movements associated with the different intensities.
  • the processing module 230-a may compress the data stored in memory 215. For example, the processing module 230-a may delete sampled data after making calculations based on the sampled data. As another example, the processing module 230-a may average data over longer periods of time in order to reduce the number of stored values. In a specific example, if average temperatures for a user over one minute are stored in memory 215, the processing module 230-a may calculate average temperatures over a five minute time period for storage, and then subsequently erase the one minute average temperature data. The processing module 230-a may compress data based on a variety of factors, such as the total amount of used/available memory 215 and/or an elapsed time since the ring 104 last transmitted the data to the user device 106.
  • a user’s physiological parameters may be measured by sensors included on a ring 104
  • other devices may measure a user’s physiological parameters.
  • a user’s temperature may be measured by a temperature sensor 240 included in a ring 104
  • other devices may measure a user’s temperature.
  • other wearable devices e.g., wrist devices
  • other wearable devices may include sensors that measure user physiological parameters.
  • medical devices such as external medical devices (e.g., wearable medical devices) and/or implantable medical devices, may measure a user’s physiological parameters.
  • One or more sensors on any type of computing device may be used to implement the techniques described herein.
  • the physiological measurements may be taken continuously throughout the day and/or night. In some implementations, the physiological measurements may be taken during 104 portions of the day and/or portions of the night. In some implementations, the physiological measurements may be taken in response to determining that the user is in a specific state, such as an active state, resting state, and/or a sleeping state.
  • the ring 104 can make physiological measurements in a resting/sleep state in order to acquire cleaner physiological signals.
  • the ring 104 or other device/system may detect when a user is resting and/or sleeping and acquire physiological parameters (e.g., temperature) for that detected state. The devices/systems may use the resting/sleep physiological data and/or other data when the user is in other states in order to implement the techniques of the present disclosure.
  • the ring 104 may be configured to collect, store, and/or process data, and may transfer any of the data described herein to the user device 106 for storage and/or processing.
  • the user device 106 includes a wearable application 250, an operating system (OS), a web browser application (e.g., web browser 280), one or more additional applications, and a GUI 275.
  • the user device 106 may further include other modules and components, including sensors, audio devices, haptic feedback devices, and the like.
  • the wearable application 250 may include an example of an application (e.g., “app”) that may be installed on the user device 106.
  • the wearable application 250 may be configured to acquire data from the ring 104, store the acquired data, and process the acquired data as described herein.
  • the wearable application 250 may include a user interface (UI) module 255, an acquisition module 260, a processing module 230-b, a communication module 220-b, and a storage module (e.g., database 265) configured to store application data.
  • UI user interface
  • the wearable application 250 may include a user interface (UI) module 255, an acquisition module 260, a processing module 230-b, a communication module 220-b, and a storage module (e.g., database 265) configured to store application data.
  • UI user interface
  • the various data processing operations described herein may be performed by the ring 104, the user device 106, the servers 110, or any combination thereof.
  • data collected by the ring 104 may be pre-processed and transmitted to the user device 106.
  • the user device 106 may perform some data processing operations on the received data, may transmit the data to the servers 110 for data processing, or both.
  • the user device 106 may perform processing operations that require relatively low processing power and/or operations that require a relatively low latency, whereas the user device 106 may transmit the data to the servers 110 for processing operations that require relatively high processing power and/or operations that may allow relatively higher latency.
  • the ring 104, user device 106, and server 110 of the system 200 may be configured to evaluate sleep patterns for a user.
  • the respective components of the system 200 may be used to collect data from a user via the ring 104, and generate one or more scores (e.g., Sleep Score, Readiness Score) for the user based on the collected data.
  • the ring 104 of the system 200 may be worn by a user to collect data from the user, including temperature, heart rate, HRV, and the like.
  • Data collected by the ring 104 may be used to determine when the user is asleep in order to evaluate the user’s sleep for a given “sleep day.”
  • scores may be calculated for the user for each respective sleep day, such that a first sleep day is associated with a first set of scores, and a second sleep day is associated with a second set of scores.
  • Scores may be calculated for each respective sleep day based on data collected by the ring 104 during the respective sleep day. Scores may include, but are not limited to, Sleep Scores, Readiness Scores, and the like.
  • sleep days may align with the traditional calendar days, such that a given sleep day runs from midnight to midnight of the respective calendar day.
  • sleep days may be offset relative to calendar days. For example, sleep days may run from 6:00 pm (18:00) of a calendar day until 6:00 pm (18:00) of the subsequent calendar day. In this example, 6:00 pm may serve as a “cut-off time,” where data collected from the user before 6:00 pm is counted for the current sleep day, and data collected from the user after 6:00 pm is counted for the subsequent sleep day. Due to the fact that most individuals sleep the most at night, offsetting sleep days relative to calendar days may enable the system 200 to evaluate sleep patterns for users in such a manner that is consistent with their sleep schedules.
  • each overall score for a user for each respective day may be determined/calculated based on one or more “contributors,” “factors,” or “contributing factors.”
  • a user’s overall Sleep Score may be calculated based on a set of contributors, including: total sleep, efficiency, restfulness, REM sleep, deep sleep, latency, timing, or any combination thereof.
  • the Sleep Score may include any quantity of contributors.
  • the “total sleep” contributor may refer to the sum of all sleep periods of the sleep day.
  • the “efficiency” contributor may reflect the percentage of time spent asleep compared to time spent awake while in bed, and may be calculated using the efficiency average of long sleep periods (e.g., primary sleep period) of the sleep day, weighted by a duration of each sleep period.
  • the “restfulness” contributor may indicate how restful the user’s sleep is, and may be calculated using the average of all sleep periods of the sleep day, weighted by a duration of each period.
  • the restfulness contributor may be based on a “wake up count” (e.g., sum of all the wake-ups (when user wakes up) detected during different sleep periods), excessive movement, and a “got up count” (e.g., sum of all the got-ups (when user gets out of bed) detected during the different sleep periods).
  • a “wake up count” e.g., sum of all the wake-ups (when user wakes up) detected during different sleep periods
  • excessive movement e.g., sum of all the got-ups (when user gets out of bed) detected during the different sleep periods.
  • the “REM sleep” contributor may refer to a sum total of REM sleep durations across all sleep periods of the sleep day including REM sleep.
  • the “deep sleep” contributor may refer to a sum total of deep sleep durations across all sleep periods of the sleep day including deep sleep.
  • the “latency” contributor may signify how long (e.g., average, median, longest) the user takes to go to sleep, and may be calculated using the average of long sleep periods throughout the sleep day, weighted by a duration of each period and the number of such periods (e.g., consolidation of a given sleep stage or sleep stages may be its own contributor or weight other contributors).
  • the “timing” contributor may refer to a relative timing of sleep periods within the sleep day and/or calendar day, and may be calculated using the average of all sleep periods of the sleep day, weighted by a duration of each period.
  • a user’s overall Readiness Score may be calculated based on a set of contributors, including: sleep, sleep balance, heart rate,
  • the Readiness Score may include any quantity of contributors.
  • the “sleep” contributor may refer to the combined Sleep Score of all sleep periods within the sleep day.
  • the “sleep balance” contributor may refer to a cumulative duration of all sleep periods within the sleep day.
  • sleep balance may indicate to a user whether the sleep that the user has been getting over some duration of time (e.g., the past two weeks) is in balance with the user’s needs.
  • adults need 7-9 hours of sleep a night to stay healthy, alert, and to perform at their best both mentally and physically.
  • the sleep balance contributor takes into account long-term sleep patterns to determine whether each user’s sleep needs are being met.
  • the “resting heart rate” contributor may indicate a lowest heart rate from the longest sleep period of the sleep day (e.g., primary sleep period) and/or the lowest heart rate from naps occurring after the primary sleep period.
  • the “HRV balance” contributor may indicate a highest HRV average from the primary sleep period and the naps happening after the primary sleep period.
  • the HRV balance contributor may help users keep track of their recovery status by comparing their HRV trend over a first time period (e.g., two weeks) to an average HRV over some second, longer time period (e.g., three months).
  • the “recovery index” contributor may be calculated based on the longest sleep period. Recovery index measures how long it takes for a user’s resting heart rate to stabilize during the night.
  • a sign of a very good recovery is that the user’s resting heart rate stabilizes during the first half of the night, at least six hours before the user wakes up, leaving the body time to recover for the next day.
  • the “body temperature” contributor may be calculated based on the longest sleep period (e.g., primary sleep period) or based on a nap happening after the longest sleep period if the user’s highest temperature during the nap is at least 0.5°C higher than the highest temperature during the longest period.
  • the ring may measure a user’s body temperature while the user is asleep, and the system 200 may display the user’s average temperature relative to the user’s baseline temperature. If a user’s body temperature is outside of their normal range (e.g., clearly above or below 0.0), the body temperature contributor may be highlighted (e.g., go to a “Pay attention” state) or otherwise generate an alert for the user.
  • the system 200 may support techniques for labor onset and birth identification and prediction.
  • the respective components of the system 200 may be used to detect the indication of the labor onset based on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user.
  • the indication of the labor onset for the user may be identified and/or predicted by leveraging temperature sensors on the ring 104 of the system 200.
  • the indication of the labor onset may be estimated by identifying one or more morphological features such as deviations in the time series representing the user’s temperature over time relative to the pregnancy baseline of temperature values and detecting the indication of labor onset that corresponds to the deviations of the time series.
  • the indication of labor onset may be an example of labor contractions, a rupture of a membrane, birth, or a combination thereof.
  • the ring 104 of the system 200 may be worn by a user to collect data from the user, including temperature, heart rate, HRV, respiratory data, sleep data, and the like.
  • the ring 104 of the system 200 may collect the physiological data from the user based on temperature sensors and measurements extracted from arterial blood flow (e.g., using PPG signals).
  • the physiological data may be collected continuously.
  • the processing module 230-a may sample the user’s temperature continuously throughout the day and night. Sampling at a sufficient rate (e.g., one sample per minute) throughout the day and/or night may provide sufficient temperature data for analysis described herein.
  • the ring 104 may continuously acquire temperature data (e.g., at a sampling rate). In some examples, even though temperature is collected continuously, the system 200 may leverage other information about the user that it has collected or otherwise derived (e.g., sleep stage, activity levels, illness onset, etc.) to select a representative temperature for a particular day that is an accurate representation of the underlying physiological phenomenon.
  • temperature data e.g., at a sampling rate.
  • the system 200 may leverage other information about the user that it has collected or otherwise derived (e.g., sleep stage, activity levels, illness onset, etc.) to select a representative temperature for a particular day that is an accurate representation of the underlying physiological phenomenon.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a system 300 that supports labor onset and birth identification and prediction from wearable-based physiological data in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the system 300 may implement, or be implemented by, system 100, system 200, or both.
  • system 300 illustrates an example of a ring 104 (e.g., wearable device 104), a user device 106, and a server 110, as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the ring 305 may acquire temperature data 320, heart rate data 325, respiratory rate data 330, HRV data 335, and sleep data 340, among other forms of physiological data as described herein. In such cases, the ring 305 may transmit temperature data 320, heart rate data 325, respiratory rate data 330, HRV data 335, and sleep data 340 to the user device 310.
  • the temperature data 320 may include continuous nighttime temperature data.
  • multiple devices may acquire physiological data.
  • a first computing device e.g., user device 310
  • a second computing device e.g., the ring 305
  • the ring 305 may acquire user physiological data, such as user temperature data 320, respiratory rate data 330, heart rate data 325, HRV data 335, and sleep data 340, galvanic skin response, blood oxygen saturation, actigraphy, and/or other user physiological data.
  • user physiological data such as user temperature data 320, respiratory rate data 330, heart rate data 325, HRV data 335, and sleep data 340, galvanic skin response, blood oxygen saturation, actigraphy, and/or other user physiological data.
  • the ring 305 may acquire raw data and convert the raw data to features with daily granularity. In some implementations, different granularity input data may be used.
  • the ring 305 may send the data to another computing device, such as a mobile device (e.g., user device 310) for further processing.
  • a mobile device e.g., user device 310
  • the user device 310 may identify and/or predict the indication of the labor onset based on the received data.
  • the system 300 may identify and/or predict the indication of the labor onset based on temperature data 320, respiratory rate data 330, heart rate data 325, HRV data 335, sleep data 340, galvanic skin response, blood oxygen saturation, activity, sleep architecture, or a combination thereof.
  • the system 300 may determine which features are useful predictors for labor onset and/or birth.
  • the system may be implemented by a ring 305 and a user device 310, any combination of computing devices described herein may implement the features attributed to the system 300.
  • the user device 310-a may include a ring application 345.
  • the ring application 345 may include at least modules 350 and application data 355.
  • the application data 355 may include historical temperature patterns for the user and other data.
  • the other data may include temperature data 320, heart rate data 325, respiratory rate data 330, HRV data 335, sleep data 340, or a combination thereof.
  • the ring application 345 may present a predicted and/or detected indication of labor onset to the user.
  • the ring application 345 may include an application data processing module that may perform data processing.
  • the application data processing module may include modules 350 that provide functions attributed to the system 300.
  • Example modules 350 may include a daily temperature determination module, a time series processing module, a pregnancy baseline module, a temperature slope module, and labor onset identification and prediction module.
  • the daily temperature determination module may determine daily temperature values (e.g., by selecting a representative temperature value for that day from a series of temperature values that were collected continuously throughout the night).
  • the time series processing module may process time series data.
  • the pregnancy baseline module may calculate a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days.
  • the temperature slope module may identify that a temperature slope of at least a set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope.
  • the labor onset identification and prediction module may detect, predict, and/or identify the indication of the labor onset of the user based on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user.
  • the system 300 may receive user physiological data (e.g., from a ring 305) and output daily classification of whether labor onset and birth is identified or predicted.
  • the ring application 345 may store application data 355, such as acquired temperature data, other physiological data, pregnancy tracking data (e.g., event data), and pregnancy tracking data.
  • the system 300 may generate pregnancy tracking data based on user physiological data (e.g., temperature data 320 and/or motion data).
  • the pregnancy tracking data may include a detected indication of the labor onset for the user, which may be determined based on acquired user temperature data (e.g., daily temperature data 320) over an analysis time period (e.g., a period of weeks/months).
  • the system 300 may receive physiological data associated with a user from a wearable device (e.g., ring 305).
  • the physiological data may include at least temperature data 320, heart rate data 325, respiratory rate data 330, HRV data 335, sleep data 340, or a combination thereof.
  • the system 300 acquires user physiological data over an analysis time period (e.g., a plurality of days).
  • the system 300 may acquire and process user physiological data over an analysis time period to generate one or more time series of user physiological data.
  • the analysis time period may be a plurality of hours within a single day.
  • the system 300 may acquire daily user temperature data 320 over an analysis time period. For example, the system 300 may calculate a single temperature value for each day. The system 300 may acquire a plurality of temperature values during the night and process the acquired temperature values to determine the single daily temperature value. In some implementations, the system 300 may determine a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based on the received temperature data 320. The system 300 may detect the indication of the labor onset in the time series of the temperature values based on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user, as further shown and described with reference to FIG. 4.
  • the system 300 may determine a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of hours based on the received temperature data 320. In such cases, the system 300 may calculate a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of hours.
  • the system 300 may determine that the received heart rate data 325 deviates from a pregnancy baseline heart rate for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days. In such cases, the system 300 may detect the indication of the labor onset based on determining that the received heart rate data 325 deviates from a pregnancy baseline heart rate for the user. In some examples, the system 300 may determine that the received respiratory rate data 330 deviates from a pregnancy baseline respiratory rate for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days. In such cases, the system 300 may detect the indication of the labor onset based on determining that the received respiratory rate data 330 deviates from a pregnancy baseline respiratory rate for the user.
  • the system 300 may determine that the received HRV data 335 deviates from a pregnancy baseline heart rate variability for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days. In such cases, the system 300 may detect the indication of the labor onset based on determining that the received HRV data 335 deviates from a pregnancy baseline heart rate variability for the user. In some implementations, the system 300 may determine that a quantity of detected sleep disturbances from the received sleep data 340 deviates from a pregnancy baseline sleep disturbance for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days. In such cases, the system 300 may detect the indication of the labor onset based on determining that the quantity of detected sleep disturbances from the received sleep data 340 deviates from a pregnancy baseline sleep disturbance for the user.
  • the pregnancy baselines may be tailored-specific to the user based on historical data 360 acquired by the system 300.
  • these pregnancy baselines may represent baseline or average values of physiological parameters or typical trends of physiological values throughout a user’s pregnancy, which may differ from the user’s normal or non-pregnant baselines.
  • the system 300 may identify a circadian rhythm for the user based on determining the time series.
  • the system 300 may detect the indication of labor onset based on identifying the circadian rhythm for the user and applying the circadian rhythm to the time series of the plurality of temperature (or other measured physiological parameter) values.
  • the system may be able to identify the contribution of the circadian rhythm to measured changes in temperature or other physiological parameters, which may further increase the accuracy of the system.
  • the system 300 may identify an ultradian rhythm for the user based on determining the time series.
  • the system 300 may detect the indication of labor onset based on identifying the ultradian rhythm for the user and applying the ultradian rhythm to the time series of the plurality of temperature values. For example, the system 300 may take into account circadian and ultradian rhythms and how the circadian and ultradian rhythms change as labor approaches.
  • the system 300 may cause a GUI of the user devices 310-a, 310-b to display the indication of the labor onset.
  • the system 300 may cause the GUI to display the time series.
  • the system 300 may generate a tracking GUI that includes physiological data (e.g., at least temperature data 320), tagged events, and/or other GUI elements described herein with reference to FIG. 6.
  • the system 300 may render ovulations, periods, pregnancy, labor onset, birth, and the like in a tracking GUI.
  • the system 300 may generate a message 370 for display on a GUI on a user device 310-a or 310-b that indicates the indication of the labor onset.
  • the system 300 e.g., user device 310-a or server 315) may transmit the message 370 that indicates the predicted and/or identified labor onset and birth to the user device 310-b.
  • the user device 310-b may be associated with a clinician, a fertility specialist, a care-taker, a partner, or a combination thereof.
  • the detection of a probable labor onset and prediction of birth may trigger a personalized message 370 to a user highlighting the pattern detected in the temperature data and providing an educational link about labor onset and birth.
  • the system 300 may determine that the indication of labor onset and/or birth is not predicted for a duration of time. In such cases, the system may provide the user with an indication (e.g., message 370) that the labor and/or birth is not predicted to occur in the next few days and provide educational links about labor onset and birth to help the user prepare in the meantime.
  • the ring application 345 may notify the user of indication of labor onset and/or prompt the user to perform a variety of tasks in the activity GUI.
  • the notifications and prompts may include text, graphics, and/or other user interface elements.
  • the notifications and prompts may be included in the ring application 345 such as when there is identified and/or predicted labor onset and birth, the ring application 345 may display notifications and prompts.
  • the user device 310 may display notifications and prompts in a separate window on the home screen and/or overlaid onto other screens (e.g., at the very top of the home screen). In some cases, the user device 310 may display the notifications and prompts on a mobile device, a user’s watch device, or both.
  • the user device 310 may store historical user data.
  • the historical user data may include historical data 360.
  • the historical data 360 may include historical temperature patterns of the user, historical heart rate patterns of the user, historical respiratory rate patterns of the user, historical HRV patterns of the user, historical sleep patterns of the user, historical menstrual cycle onset events (e.g., cycle length, cycle start date, etc.) of the user, historical circadian rhythms of the user, or a combination thereof.
  • the historical data 360 may be selected from the last few months.
  • the historical data 360 may be used (e.g., by the user device 310 or server 315) to determine a threshold (e.g., pregnancy baseline) for the user, determine temperature values of the user, predict labor onset, predict birth, identify labor onset, or a combination thereof.
  • the historical data 360 may be used by the server 315. Using the historical data 360 may allow the user device 310 and/or server 315 to personalize the GUI by taking into consideration user’s historical data 360.
  • the user device 310 may transmit historical data 360 to the server 315.
  • the transmitted historical data 360 may be the same historical data stored in the ring application 345.
  • the historical data 360 may be different than the historical data stored in the ring application 345.
  • the server 315 may receive the historical data 360.
  • the server 315 may store the historical data 360 in server data 365.
  • the user device 310 and/or server 315 may also store other data which may be an example of user information.
  • the user information may include, but is not limited to, user age, weight, height, and gender.
  • the user information may be used as features for predicting or identifying the indication of labor onset.
  • the server data 365 may include the other data such as user information.
  • the system 300 may include one or more user devices 310 for different users.
  • the system 300 may include user device 310-a for a primary user and user device 310-b for a second user 302 associated with the primary user (e.g., partner).
  • the user devices 310 may measure physiological parameters of the different users, provide GUIs for the different users, and receive user input from the different users.
  • the different user devices 310 may acquire physiological information and provide output related to a woman's health, such as menstrual cycles, ovarian cycles, illness, fertility, and/or pregnancy.
  • the user device 310-b may acquire physiological information related to the second user 302, such as male illness and fertility.
  • the system 300 may provide GUIs that inform the second user 302 of relevant information.
  • the first user and the second user 302 may share their information with one another via one or more user devices 310, such as via a server device, mobile device, or other device.
  • the second user 302 may share one or more of their accounts (e.g., usernames, login information, etc.) and/or associated data with one another (e.g., the first user).
  • the system 300 may assist second users 302 in making health decisions related to pregnancy.
  • the users may be prompted (e.g., in a GUI) to share specific information.
  • the user may use a GUI to opt into sharing her pregnancy information with the second user 302.
  • the user and the second user 302 may receive notifications on their respective user devices 310.
  • a second user 302 may make their information (e.g., illness, pregnancy data, etc.) available to the user via a notification or other sharing arrangement.
  • the second user 302 may be an example of a clinician, a fertility specialist, a care-taker, a partner, or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates examples of timing diagrams 400 that support labor onset and birth identification and prediction from wearable-based physiological data in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the timing diagrams 400 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the system 100, system 200, system 300, or a combination thereof.
  • the timing diagrams 400 may be displayed to a user via the GUI 275 of the user device 106, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the system may be configured to detect the indication of labor onset 410 based on temperature values, HRV values, respiratory rate values, heart rate values, or a combination thereof.
  • the user s body temperature pattern, HRV pattern, respiratory rate pattern, heart rate pattern, or a combination thereof throughout the day and night may be an indicator that may characterize labor onset.
  • skin temperature, HRV, respiratory rate, heart rate, or a combination thereof during the day and night may detect the indication of labor onset 410 (e.g., including labor contractions, childbirth, or both).
  • the user’s body temperature pattern throughout the day and night may be an indicator that may characterize labor onset.
  • skin temperature during the day and night may identify the indication of labor onset 410.
  • the timing diagram 400-a illustrates a relationship between a user’s temperature data and a time (e.g., over a plurality of weeks and/or months).
  • the curved lines illustrated in the timing diagram 400-a may be understood to refer to the “temperature data 405.”
  • the dashed vertical line illustrated in the timing diagram 400-a may be understood to refer to the “indication of labor onset 410.”
  • the user’s temperature data 405 may be relative to a third trimester baseline temperature.
  • the indication of labor onset 410 may be identified and/or predicted by the system based on the received physiological data, received by the system based on user input, or both.
  • the system may identify one or more slopes of the time series of the temperature data 405. For example, the system may identify one or more slopes of the time series of the temperature data 405 after determining the time series. The system may detect the indication of labor onset 410 based on identifying the one or more slopes of the time series.
  • the one or more slopes may include positive slopes, negative slopes, or both.
  • the system may compute a deviation in the heart rate slope of at least the set of the heart rate data 415 relative to the pregnancy baseline heart rate slope for the user.
  • the system may detect the indication of labor onset 410 in response to computing the deviation.
  • the system may determine that the heart rate data 415-a decreases prior to the indication of labor onset 410.
  • the system may identify a negative slope of heart rate data 415-a prior to the indication of labor onset 410.
  • the system may determine that the heart rate data 415-a decreases at a steeper negative slope, as compared to the pregnancy baseline heart rate slope, prior to the indication of labor onset 410.
  • the system may use this identification of a negative slope of heart rate data 415-a as an indicator or a likely predictor of labor onset 410.
  • the system may map a user’s physiological data trend (e.g., temperature pattern, heart rate pattern, respiratory rate pattern, HRV pattern, or a combination thereof) to a second user’s data or a group of users’ data. For example, the system may predict and/or identify the indication of labor onset 410 based on mapping the user’s physiological data trend to other physiological data trends of one or more users. In some examples, the system may identify a match or a statistically significant closeness between the user’s physiological data trend and other physiological data trends of one or more users. The system may detect the indication of labor onset 410 based on identifying the match.
  • physiological data trend e.g., temperature pattern, heart rate pattern, respiratory rate pattern, HRV pattern, or a combination thereof
  • the system may determine that the detected indication of labor onset 410 is invalid. In such cases, the system may determine that the user may be experiencing an illness, stress, hormonal shift during pregnancy, false labor, Braxton Hicks contractions, and the like.
  • the system may determine that the HRV data 420-a and HRV data 420-d increases at a steeper positive slope, as compared to the pregnancy baseline HRV slope, prior to the indication of labor onset 410. In such cases, the system may use this identification of a positive slope as an indicator or a likely predictor of labor onset 410.
  • the system may determine that the HRV data 420- a and HRV data 420-b increases after the indication of labor onset 410 (e.g., increases at a steeper positive slope, as compared to the pregnancy baseline HRV slope). In such cases, the system may identify a positive slope of HRV data 420-a and HRV data 420-b after the indication of labor onset 410. In some cases, the system may determine that the HRV data 420-c and HRV data 420-d decreases after the indication of labor onset 410 (e.g., decreases at a steeper negative slope, as compared to the pregnancy baseline HRV slope).
  • the user’s HRV pattern in combination with the user’s temperature pattern may be an indicator that may characterize labor onset.
  • the user’s HRV pattern in combination with the user’s temperature pattern, and/or heart rate pattern may be an indicator that may characterize labor onset.
  • the user’s HRV pattern may confirm the indication of the labor onset 410 in light of the user’s temperature pattern, the user’s HRV pattern, or both.
  • the system may determine that the temperature data 425 increases (e.g., at a steeper positive slope as compared to the pregnancy baseline heart rate slope) after the indication of birth 430. In such cases, the system may identify a positive slope of temperature data 425 after the indication of birth 430. The system may predict the indication of birth 430 in response to identifying the one or more positive slopes of the temperature data 425.
  • the system may estimate a likelihood of future labor onset, a likelihood that the user will experience the labor onset, or both in response to identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user.
  • the system may estimate a predicted time of future birth based on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user.
  • the system may estimate a likelihood of future labor contractions, a likelihood that the user will experience labor contractions, or both, based on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user.
  • the system may detect the indication of the labor onset 410, the indication of birth 430, or both based on the estimation.
  • the system may be configured to identify and predict the indication of birth 510 based on temperature values, HRV values, respiratory rate values, heart rate values, or a combination thereof.
  • the user may be an indicator that may predict birth.
  • the system may calculate a pregnancy baseline respiratory rate for the user. For example, as is evident from the respiratory rate values 525, a user’s average daily respiratory rate may trend downward throughout all or a portion of the second trimester, the third trimester, or both. This downward trend may be referred to as the pregnancy baseline respiratory rate.
  • the system may identify that the respiratory rate values 525 deviate from the pregnancy baseline respiratory rate for the user. In such cases, the system may determine that the respiratory rate values 525 are above (e.g., higher) as compared to the pregnancy baseline respiratory rate, as described with reference to temperature values 505. The system may use this determination as an indicator or a likely predictor of the indication of birth 510.
  • a user As previously described with reference to temperature values 505, HRV values 520, and respiratory rate values 525, a user’s heart rate continuously collected by the wearable device during the day and night may identify the indication of birth 510.
  • the timing diagram 500-d may be an example of timing diagram 500-a, 500-b, and 500- c as described herein.
  • the heart rate values 530 may be an example of heart rate data 435 described with respect to FIG. 4.
  • the system may calculate a pregnancy baseline heart rate for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days.
  • the pregnancy baseline heart rate may be an example of the pregnancy baseline temperature, HRV, or respiratory rate for the user, as previously described herein.
  • the user may receive message 620, which may a time interval during which the labor onset occurred, a time interval during which the labor onset is predicted to occur, a time interval during which the birth is predicted to occur, a time interval during which the labor contractions are predicted to occur, a duration between each labor contraction of the labor contractions that are predicted to occur, a request to input symptoms associated with the labor onset, educational content associated with the labor onset, an adjusted set of sleep targets, an adjusted set of activity targets, recommendations to improve symptoms associated with the labor onset, or a combination thereof.
  • the messages 620 may be configurable/customizable, such that the user may receive different messages 620 based on the predication and identification of the labor onset and birth, as described previously herein.
  • the Readiness Score may be updated based on the detected indication of the labor onset.
  • the Readiness Score may indicate to the user to “pay attention” based on the predicted and/or identified indication of labor onset. If the Readiness Score changes for the user, the system may implement a recovery mode for users whose symptoms may be severe and may benefit from adjusted activity and readiness guidance for a couple of days.
  • the Readiness Score may be updated based on the Sleep Score. However, the system may determine that the user is experiencing labor onset or predicted to experience labor onset and/or birth and may adjust the Readiness Score, Sleep Score, and/or Activity Score to offset the effects of the labor onset and/or birth.
  • the user’s logged symptoms in combination with the user’s physiological data (e.g., temperature pattern, HRV pattern, respiratory rate pattern, heart rate pattern, sleep data pattern, circadian and/or ultradian rhythm pattern, or a combination thereol) may be an indicator that may characterize labor onset and birth.
  • physiological data e.g., temperature pattern, HRV pattern, respiratory rate pattern, heart rate pattern, sleep data pattern, circadian and/or ultradian rhythm pattern, or a combination thereol
  • the user’s logged symptoms may confirm (e.g., provide a definitive indication of or better prediction ol) the indication of the labor onset in light of the user’s physiological data.
  • the system may identify a false positive for identifying the indication of the labor onset based on the user input, one physiological measurement, a combination of physiological measurements, or a combination thereof. For example, if the system determines that the temperature slope deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user but the user input indicates a symptom associated with stress, illness, and the like, the system may determine that the detected indication of labor onset is invalid (e.g., a false positive). In such cases, the system may determine that the user may be experiencing an illness, stress, hormonal shift in the pregnancy, and the like based on receiving the user input.
  • Application page 605 may also include message 620 that includes insights, recommendations, and the like associated with the predicted and/or identified indication of labor onset.
  • the server of system may cause the GUI 600 of the user device to display a message 620 associated with the predicted and/or identified indication of labor onset.
  • the user device may display recommendations and/or information associated with the predicted and/or identified indication of labor onset via message 620.
  • an accurately predicted and/or identified indication of labor onset may be beneficial to a user’s overall health and recovery process.
  • the system may be configured to receive user inputs regarding the identified and/or predicted indication of labor onset in order to train classifiers (e.g., supervised learning for a machine learning classifier) and improve labor onset and birth determination and/or prediction techniques.
  • classifiers e.g., supervised learning for a machine learning classifier
  • the user device may receive user inputs 625, and these user inputs 625 may then be input into the classifier to train the classifier.
  • FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports labor onset and birth identification and prediction from wearable-based physiological data in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 705 may include an input module 710, an output module 715, and a wearable application 720.
  • the device 705 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).
  • the output module 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705.
  • the output module 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to illness detection techniques).
  • the output module 715 may be co-located with the input module 710 in a transceiver module.
  • the output module 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
  • the wearable application 720 may include a data acquisition component 725, a temperature data component 730, a calculation component 735, a slope component 740, a labor component 745, a user interface component 750, or any combination thereof.
  • the wearable application 720, or various components thereof may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the input module 710, the output module 715, or both.
  • the wearable application 720 may receive information from the input module 710, send information to the output module 715, or be integrated in combination with the input module 710, the output module 715, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
  • the data acquisition component 725 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from a wearable device, physiological data associated with a user that is pregnant, the physiological data comprising at least temperature data.
  • the temperature data component 730 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based at least in part on the received temperature data.
  • the calculation component 735 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for calculating a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days.
  • the data acquisition component 825 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from a wearable device, physiological data associated with a user that is pregnant, the physiological data comprising at least temperature data.
  • the temperature data component 830 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based at least in part on the received temperature data.
  • the calculation component 835 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for calculating a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days.
  • the slope component 840 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying that a temperature slope of at least a set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope.
  • the labor component 845 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for detecting an indication of a labor onset of the user based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user.
  • the user interface component 850 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a message for display on a graphical user interface on a user device that indicates the indication of the labor onset.
  • the slope component 840 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for computing a deviation in the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values relative to the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope, wherein the pregnancy baseline temperature slope comprises a negative slope different from a negative slope of the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on computing the deviation.
  • the slope component 840 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying one or more positive slopes of the plurality of temperature values based at least in part on determining the time series, wherein detecting the labor onset is based at least in part on identifying the one or more positive slopes of the plurality of temperature values.
  • the physiological data further comprises heart rate data
  • the data acquisition component 825 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining that the received heart rate data deviates from a pregnancy baseline heart rate for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on determining that the received heart rate data deviates from the pregnancy baseline heart rate for the user.
  • the physiological data further comprises heart rate variability data
  • the data acquisition component 825 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining that the received heart rate variability data deviates from a pregnancy baseline heart rate variability for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on determining that the received heart rate variability data deviates from the pregnancy baseline heart rate variability for the user.
  • the physiological data further comprises respiratory rate data
  • the data acquisition component 825 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining that the received respiratory rate data deviates from a pregnancy baseline respiratory rate for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on determining that the received respiratory rate data deviates from the pregnancy baseline respiratory rate for the user.
  • the physiological data further comprises sleep data
  • the data acquisition component 825 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining that a quantity of detected sleep disturbances from the received sleep data deviates from a pregnancy baseline sleep disturbance for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on determining that the quantity of detected sleep disturbances deviates from the pregnancy baseline sleep disturbance for the user.
  • the labor component 845 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying a circadian rhythm for the user based at least in part on determining the time series, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on identifying the circadian rhythm for the user and applying the circadian rhythm to the time series of the plurality of temperature values.
  • the user interface component 850 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving a confirmation of the labor onset, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on receiving the confirmation.
  • the temperature data component 830 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining each temperature value of the plurality of temperature values based at least in part on receiving the temperature data, wherein the temperature data comprises continuous nighttime temperature data.
  • the calculation component 835 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for estimating a likelihood of future labor onset, a likelihood that the user will experience the labor onset, a likelihood of future birth, a likelihood that the user will experience birth, a likelihood of future labor contractions, a likelihood that the user will experience labor contractions, or a combination thereof, based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on the estimation.
  • the calculation component 835 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for updating a readiness score associated with the user, an activity score associated with the user, a sleep score associated with the user, or a combination thereof, based at least in part on detecting the indication of the labor onset.
  • the user interface component 850 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the message that indicates the indication of the labor onset to the user device, wherein the user device is associated with a clinician, the user, or both.
  • the user interface component 850 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for causing a graphical user interface of a user device associated with the user to display labor onset symptom tags based at least in part on detecting the indication of the labor onset.
  • the user interface component 850 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for causing a graphical user interface of a user device associated with the user to display a message associated with the indication of the labor onset, wherein the indication of the labor onset comprises an indication of labor contractions, an indication of birth, or both.
  • the message further comprises a time interval during which the labor onset occurred, a time interval during which the labor onset is predicted to occur, a time interval during which the birth is predicted to occur, a time interval during which the labor contractions are predicted to occur, a duration between each labor contraction of the labor contractions that are predicted to occur, a request to input symptoms associated with the labor onset, educational content associated with the labor onset, an adjusted set of sleep targets, an adjusted set of activity targets, recommendations to improve symptoms associated with the labor onset, or a combination thereof.
  • the calculation component 835 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for inputting the physiological data into a machine learning classifier, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on inputting the physiological data into the machine learning classifier.
  • the wearable device comprises a wearable ring device.
  • the wearable device collects the physiological data from the user based on arterial blood flow.
  • FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports labor onset and birth identification and prediction from wearable-based physiological data in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 905 may be an example of or include the components of a device 705 as described herein.
  • the device 905 may include an example of a user device 106, as described previously herein.
  • the device 905 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications with a wearable device 104 and a server 110, such as a wearable application 920, a communication module 910, an antenna 915, a user interface component 925, a database (application data) 930, a memory 935, and a processor 940.
  • These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945).
  • the communication module 910 may manage input and output signals for the device 905 via the antenna 915.
  • the communication module 910 may include an example of the communication module 220-b of the user device 106 shown and described in FIG. 2.
  • the communication module 910 may manage communications with the ring 104 and the server 110, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the communication module 910 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905.
  • the communication module 910 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral.
  • the communication module 910 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS- WINDOWS®, OS/2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system.
  • the communication module 910 may represent or interact with a wearable device (e.g., ring 104), modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the communication module 910 may be implemented as part of the processor 940. In some examples, a user may interact with the device 905 via the communication module 910, user interface component 925, or via hardware components controlled by the communication module 910.
  • a wearable device e.g., ring 104
  • modem e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device.
  • the communication module 910 may be implemented as part of the processor 940.
  • a user may interact with the device 905 via the communication module 910, user interface component 925, or via hardware components controlled by the communication module 910.
  • the device 905 may include a single antenna 915. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna 915, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
  • the communication module 910 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 915, wired, or wireless links as described herein.
  • the communication module 910 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver.
  • the communication module 910 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 915 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 915.
  • the user interface component 925 may manage data storage and processing in a database 930. In some cases, a user may interact with the user interface component 925. In other cases, the user interface component 925 may operate automatically without user interaction.
  • the database 930 may be an example of a single database, a distributed database, multiple distributed databases, a data store, a data lake, or an emergency backup database.
  • the memory 935 may include RAM and ROM.
  • the memory 935 may store computer-readable, computer-executable software including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor 940 to perform various functions described herein.
  • the memory 935 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
  • the processor 940 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof).
  • the processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller.
  • a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 940.
  • the processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory 935 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting a method and system for sleep staging algorithms).
  • the wearable application 920 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from a wearable device, physiological data associated with a user that is pregnant, the physiological data comprising at least temperature data.
  • the wearable application 920 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based at least in part on the received temperature data.
  • the wearable application 920 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for calculating a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days.
  • the wearable application 920 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying that a temperature slope of at least a set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope.
  • the wearable application 920 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for detecting an indication of a labor onset of the user based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user.
  • the wearable application 920 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a message for display on a graphical user interface on a user device that indicates the indication of the labor onset.
  • the device 905 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, improved utilization of processing capability.
  • the wearable application 920 may include an application (e.g., "app"), program, software, or other component which is configured to facilitate communications with a ring 104, server 110, other user devices 106, and the like.
  • the wearable application 920 may include an application executable on a user device 106 which is configured to receive data (e.g., physiological data) from a ring 104, perform processing operations on the received data, transmit and receive data with the servers 110, and cause presentation of data to a user 102.
  • data e.g., physiological data
  • FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 that supports labor onset and birth identification and prediction from wearable-based physiological data in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a user device or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a user device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9.
  • a user device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the user device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the user device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
  • the method may include receiving, from a wearable device, physiological data associated with a user that is pregnant, the physiological data comprising at least temperature data.
  • the operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a data acquisition component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include determining a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based at least in part on the received temperature data.
  • the operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a temperature data component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include calculating a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days.
  • the operations of 1015 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1015 may be performed by a calculation component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include identifying that a temperature slope of at least a set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope.
  • the operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by a slope component 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include detecting an indication of a labor onset of the user based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user.
  • the operations of 1025 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1025 may be performed by a labor component 845 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include generating a message for display on a graphical user interface on a user device that indicates the indication of the labor onset.
  • the operations of 1030 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1030 may be performed by a user interface component 850 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports labor onset and birth identification and prediction from wearable-based physiological data in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a user device or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a user device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9.
  • a user device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the user device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the user device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
  • the method may include receiving, from a wearable device, physiological data associated with a user that is pregnant, the physiological data comprising at least temperature data.
  • the operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a data acquisition component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include determining a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based at least in part on the received temperature data.
  • the operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a temperature data component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include calculating a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days.
  • the operations of 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a calculation component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include computing a deviation in the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values relative to the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope, wherein the pregnancy baseline temperature slope comprises a negative slope different from a negative slope of the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on computing the deviation.
  • the operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a slope component 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include identifying that a temperature slope of at least a set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope.
  • the operations of 1125 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1125 may be performed by a slope component 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include detecting an indication of a labor onset of the user based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user.
  • the operations of 1130 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1130 may be performed by a labor component 845 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include generating a message for display on a graphical user interface on a user device that indicates the indication of the labor onset.
  • the operations of 1135 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1135 may be performed by a user interface component 850 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports labor onset and birth identification and prediction from wearable-based physiological data in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a user device or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a user device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9.
  • a user device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the user device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the user device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
  • the method may include receiving, from a wearable device, physiological data associated with a user that is pregnant, the physiological data comprising at least temperature data.
  • the operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a data acquisition component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include determining a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based at least in part on the received temperature data.
  • the operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a temperature data component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include identifying one or more positive slopes of the plurality of temperature values based at least in part on determining the time series, wherein detecting the labor onset is based at least in part on identifying the one or more positive slopes of the plurality of temperature values.
  • the operations of 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a slope component 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include calculating a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days.
  • the operations of 1220 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by a calculation component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include identifying that a temperature slope of at least a set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope.
  • the operations of 1225 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1225 may be performed by a slope component 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include detecting an indication of a labor onset of the user based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user.
  • the operations of 1230 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1230 may be performed by a labor component 845 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include generating a message for display on a graphical user interface on a user device that indicates the indication of the labor onset.
  • the operations of 1235 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1235 may be performed by a user interface component 850 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the method may include receiving, from a wearable device, physiological data associated with a user that is pregnant, the physiological data comprising at least temperature data, determining a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based at least in part on the received temperature data, calculating a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, identifying that a temperature slope of at least a set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope, detecting an indication of a labor onset of the user based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user, and generating a message for display on a graphical user interface on a user device that indicates the indication of the labor onset.
  • the apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory.
  • the instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to receive, from a wearable device, physiological data associated with a user that is pregnant, the physiological data comprising at least temperature data, determine a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based at least in part on the received temperature data, calculate a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, identify that a temperature slope of at least a set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope, detect an indication of a labor onset of the user based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user, and generate a message for display on a graphical user interface on a user device that indicates the indication of the labor onset.
  • the apparatus may include means for receiving, from a wearable device, physiological data associated with a user that is pregnant, the physiological data comprising at least temperature data, means for determining a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based at least in part on the received temperature data, means for calculating a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, means for identifying that a temperature slope of at least a set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope, means for detecting an indication of a labor onset of the user based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user, and means for generating a message for display on a graphical user interface on a user device that indicates the indication of the labor onset.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code is described.
  • the code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive, from a wearable device, physiological data associated with a user that is pregnant, the physiological data comprising at least temperature data, determine a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based at least in part on the received temperature data, calculate a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, identify that a temperature slope of at least a set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope, detect an indication of a labor onset of the user based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user, and generate a message for display on a graphical user interface on a user device that indicates the indication of the labor onset.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for computing a deviation in the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values relative to the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope, wherein the pregnancy baseline temperature slope comprises a negative slope different from a negative slope of the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset may be based at least in part on computing the deviation.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying one or more positive slopes of the plurality of temperature values based at least in part on determining the time series, wherein detecting the labor onset may be based at least in part on identifying the one or more positive slopes of the plurality of temperature values.
  • the physiological data further comprises heart rate data and the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium may include further operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the received heart rate data deviates from a pregnancy baseline heart rate for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset may be based at least in part on determining that the received heart rate data deviates from the pregnancy baseline heart rate for the user.
  • the physiological data further comprises heart rate variability data and the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium may include further operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the received heart rate variability data deviates from a pregnancy baseline heart rate variability for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset may be based at least in part on determining that the received heart rate variability data deviates from the pregnancy baseline heart rate variability for the user.
  • the physiological data further comprises respiratory rate data and the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium may include further operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the received respiratory rate data deviates from a pregnancy baseline respiratory rate for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset may be based at least in part on determining that the received respiratory rate data deviates from the pregnancy baseline respiratory rate for the user.
  • the physiological data further comprises sleep data and the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium may include further operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that a quantity of detected sleep disturbances from the received sleep data deviates from a pregnancy baseline sleep disturbance for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset may be based at least in part on determining that the quantity of detected sleep disturbances deviates from the pregnancy baseline sleep disturbance for the user.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a circadian rhythm for the user based at least in part on determining the time series, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset may be based at least in part on identifying the circadian rhythm for the user and applying the circadian rhythm to the time series of the plurality of temperature values.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a confirmation of the labor onset, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset may be based at least in part on receiving the confirmation.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining each temperature value of the plurality of temperature values based at least in part on receiving the temperature data, wherein the temperature data comprises continuous nighttime temperature data.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for estimating a likelihood of future labor onset, a likelihood that the user will experience the labor onset, a likelihood of future birth, a likelihood that the user will experience birth, a likelihood of future labor contractions, a likelihood that the user will experience labor contractions, or a combination thereof, based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset may be based at least in part on the estimation.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for updating a readiness score associated with the user, an activity score associated with the user, a sleep score associated with the user, or a combination thereof, based at least in part on detecting the indication of the labor onset.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the message that indicates the indication of the labor onset to the user device, wherein the user device may be associated with a clinician, the user, or both.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for causing a graphical user interface of a user device associated with the user to display labor onset symptom tags based at least in part on detecting the indication of the labor onset.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for causing a graphical user interface of a user device associated with the user to display a message associated with the indication of the labor onset, wherein the indication of the labor onset comprises an indication of labor contractions, an indication of birth, or both.
  • the message further comprises a time interval during which the labor onset occurred, a time interval during which the labor onset may be predicted to occur, a time interval during which the birth may be predicted to occur, a time interval during which the labor contractions may be predicted to occur, a duration between each labor contraction of the labor contractions that may be predicted to occur, a request to input symptoms associated with the labor onset, educational content associated with the labor onset, an adjusted set of sleep targets, an adjusted set of activity targets, recommendations to improve symptoms associated with the labor onset, or a combination thereof.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for inputting the physiological data into a machine learning classifier, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset may be based at least in part on inputting the physiological data into the machine learning classifier.
  • the wearable device comprises a wearable ring device.
  • the wearable device collects the physiological data from the user based on arterial blood flow.
  • a method comprising: receiving, from a wearable device, physiological data associated with a user that is pregnant, the physiological data comprising at least temperature data; determining a time series of a plurality of temperature values taken over a plurality of days based at least in part on the received temperature data; calculating a pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days; identifying that a temperature slope of at least a set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope; detecting an indication of a labor onset of the user based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user; and generating a message for display on a graphical user interface on a user device that indicates the indication of the labor onset.
  • Aspect 2 The method of aspect 1, further comprising: computing a deviation in the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values relative to the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user based at least in part on calculating the pregnancy baseline temperature slope, wherein the pregnancy baseline temperature slope comprises a negative slope different from a negative slope of the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on computing the deviation.
  • Aspect 3 The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, further comprising: identifying one or more positive slopes of the plurality of temperature values based at least in part on determining the time series, wherein detecting the labor onset is based at least in part on identifying the one or more positive slopes of the plurality of temperature values.
  • Aspect 4 The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, wherein the physiological data further comprises heart rate data, the method further comprising: determining that the received heart rate data deviates from a pregnancy baseline heart rate for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on determining that the received heart rate data deviates from the pregnancy baseline heart rate for the user.
  • Aspect 5 The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein the physiological data further comprises heart rate variability data, the method further comprising: determining that the received heart rate variability data deviates from a pregnancy baseline heart rate variability for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on determining that the received heart rate variability data deviates from the pregnancy baseline heart rate variability for the user.
  • Aspect 6 The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein the physiological data further comprises respiratory rate data, the method further comprising: determining that the received respiratory rate data deviates from a pregnancy baseline respiratory rate for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on determining that the received respiratory rate data deviates from the pregnancy baseline respiratory rate for the user.
  • Aspect 7 The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein the physiological data further comprises sleep data, the method further comprising: determining that a quantity of detected sleep disturbances from the received sleep data deviates from a pregnancy baseline sleep disturbance for the user for at least a portion of the plurality of days, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on determining that the quantity of detected sleep disturbances deviates from the pregnancy baseline sleep disturbance for the user.
  • Aspect 8 The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, further comprising: identifying a circadian rhythm for the user based at least in part on determining the time series, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on identifying the circadian rhythm for the user and applying the circadian rhythm to the time series of the plurality of temperature values.
  • Aspect 10 The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, further comprising: determining each temperature value of the plurality of temperature values based at least in part on receiving the temperature data, wherein the temperature data comprises continuous nighttime temperature data.
  • Aspect 11 The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, further comprising: estimating a likelihood of future labor onset, a likelihood that the user will experience the labor onset, a likelihood of future birth, a likelihood that the user will experience birth, a likelihood of future labor contractions, a likelihood that the user will experience labor contractions, or a combination thereof, based at least in part on identifying that the temperature slope of at least the set of the plurality of temperature values deviates from the pregnancy baseline temperature slope for the user, wherein detecting the indication of the labor onset is based at least in part on the estimation.
  • Aspect 16 The method of aspect 15, wherein the message further comprises a time interval during which the labor onset occurred, a time interval during which the labor onset is predicted to occur, a time interval during which the birth is predicted to occur, a time interval during which the labor contractions are predicted to occur, a duration between each labor contraction of the labor contractions that are predicted to occur, a request to input symptoms associated with the labor onset, educational content associated with the labor onset, an adjusted set of sleep targets, an adjusted set of activity targets, recommendations to improve symptoms associated with the labor onset, or a combination thereof.
  • Aspect 19 The method of any of aspects 1 through 18, wherein the wearable device collects the physiological data from the user based on arterial blood flow.
  • Aspect 20 An apparatus comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 19.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave
  • the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
  • Disk and disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

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Abstract

L'invention décrit concerne des procédés, des systèmes et des dispositifs pour l'identification et la prédiction du début du travail et de la naissance. Un système peut être configuré pour recevoir des données physiologiques associées à une utilisatrice qui est enceinte et collectées sur une pluralité de jours, les données physiologiques comprenant au moins des données de température. De plus, le système peut être configuré pour déterminer une série chronologique de valeurs de température. Le système peut ensuite calculer une pente de température de base de grossesse pour l'utilisatrice et identifier que la pente de température s'écarte de la pente de température de base de grossesse pour l'utilisatrice. Le système peut détecter une indication d'un début de travail de l'utilisatrice et générer un message pour un affichage sur une interface graphique utilisateur sur un dispositif utilisateur qui indique l'indication du début du travail.
PCT/US2022/022897 2021-04-01 2022-03-31 Identification et prédiction du début du travail et de la naissance à partir de données physiologiques sur la base d'éléments portés WO2022212750A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

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JP2023560364A JP2024513828A (ja) 2021-04-01 2022-03-31 ウェアラブルベースの生理学的データからの陣痛開始と出生の識別及び予測
CA3215600A CA3215600A1 (fr) 2021-04-01 2022-03-31 Identification et prediction du debut du travail et de la naissance a partir de donnees physiologiques sur la base d'elements portes
AU2022249147A AU2022249147A1 (en) 2021-04-01 2022-03-31 Labor onset and birth identification and prediction from wearable-based physiological data
EP22720819.6A EP4312733A1 (fr) 2021-04-01 2022-03-31 Identification et prédiction du début du travail et de la naissance à partir de données physiologiques sur la base d'éléments portés

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US17/710,013 US20220319690A1 (en) 2021-04-01 2022-03-31 Labor onset and birth identification and prediction from wearable-based physiological data
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Citations (4)

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US5373852A (en) * 1993-06-25 1994-12-20 The Regents Of The University Of California Monitoring uterine contractions by radiotelemetric transmission
US5813766A (en) * 1997-08-12 1998-09-29 Chen; Mei-Yen Finger temperature indicating ring
JP2007236859A (ja) * 2006-03-13 2007-09-20 Shinshu Univ 耳温測定による分娩監視装置
WO2019057561A1 (fr) * 2017-09-20 2019-03-28 Ava Ag Système et méthode pour détecter des événements liés à une grossesse

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US5373852A (en) * 1993-06-25 1994-12-20 The Regents Of The University Of California Monitoring uterine contractions by radiotelemetric transmission
US5813766A (en) * 1997-08-12 1998-09-29 Chen; Mei-Yen Finger temperature indicating ring
JP2007236859A (ja) * 2006-03-13 2007-09-20 Shinshu Univ 耳温測定による分娩監視装置
WO2019057561A1 (fr) * 2017-09-20 2019-03-28 Ava Ag Système et méthode pour détecter des événements liés à une grossesse

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Title
BURFEIND O. ET AL: "Validity of prepartum changes in vaginal and rectal temperature to predict calving in dairy cows", JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, vol. 94, no. 10, 1 October 2011 (2011-10-01), US, pages 5053 - 5061, XP055937334, ISSN: 0022-0302, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030211005261/pdfft?md5=96510d806b5d5481e0cccf184b698a8a&pid=1-s2.0-S0022030211005261-main.pdf> DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4484 *

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