WO2022207258A1

WO2022207258A1 - Charging station, system, and method

Info

Publication number: WO2022207258A1
Application number: PCT/EP2022/055999
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gerhard WEIDINGER; Andreas Wimmer
Original assignee: KEBA Energy Automation GmbH
Priority date: 2021-03-31
Filing date: 2022-03-09
Publication date: 2022-10-06
Also published as: EP4196364A1; DE102021108233A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a charging station (1) for charging a stored energy source (110) of an electric vehicle (100) with electrical energy, and/or discharging said stored energy source, by means of a multiphase grid which can be coupled to the charging station (1). The charging station comprises a converter (10) connected between a number of phases (L1, L2, L3) of the multiphase grid (120) and a number of output conductors (A1, A2, A3) of the charging station (1), which are able to be coupled to the stored energy source (110). The converter has a plurality of controllable semiconductor switching elements and a control unit (20) designed to control the controllable semiconductor switching elements of the converter (10) such that currents (I1, I2, I3) with at least two different current intensities, more particularly with at least two different effective values, result on the phases (L1, L2, L3).

Description

CHARGING STATION, SYSTEM AND PROCEDURE

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a charging station for charging and/or discharging an energy store of an electric vehicle with electrical energy by means of a multi-phase network that can be coupled to the charging station. The invention also relates to a system with such a charging station and a method for operating such a charging station.

STATE OF THE ART

The present technical field relates to the charging of an energy store in an electric vehicle. For example, the applicant's European patent EP 2 882 607 B1 describes a charging station for electric vehicles, with at least one input interface for feeding electrical energy from a stationary power supply network into the charging station, with a connection socket for connecting a charging plug of an electric vehicle for the controlled delivery of electrical energy to the electric vehicle, with a plurality of electrotechnical components comprising an electronic control device for switching, measuring or monitoring the recorded and / or emitted electrical energy, and with a housing enclosing the electrotechnical African components.

Different charging methods are known for electric vehicles, for example there are fast charging methods in which the charging station provides the electric vehicle with direct voltage/current (DC), or alternatively alternating current charging - methods in which the electric vehicle has single-phase or multi-phase, in particular two-phase or three-phase, alternating current (AC) is made available, which the charging vehicle uses a built-in AC/DC converter to convert into direct current for the energy store to be charged. When changing charging process, charging logic in the vehicle or the energy storage device controls the charging process.

In countries with multi-phase energy supply networks, such as Austria or Germany, there are specifications from the network operators and/or statutory regulations regarding the maintenance of network symmetry at subscriber network connections. An asymmetry, which can also be referred to as unbalanced load, occurs when one phase of a multi-phase power grid is more heavily loaded (due to current draw or current feed-in) than the other phases. For example, there are specifications in VDE-AR-N 4100 that limit the maximum unbalanced load to an output of 4.6 kW. Consumers or generators that have a higher output than 4.6 kW must be connected to the subscriber network in multiple phases so that the output is evenly distributed over the phases and an unbalanced load is thus avoided.

Conventional solutions are from the documents EP 3 664244 A1,

EP 3 729 593 A1, DE 11 2013 007 137 T5, EP 2 465 176 B1,

DE 10 2016 212 135 A1, DE 10 2017 100 138 A1, WO 2020/167132 A1 and DE 10 2009 060 364 A1 are known.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to create an improved charging station for charging and/or discharging an energy store of an electric vehicle.

The stated object is achieved by a charging station having the features of claim 1, by a system having the features of claim 23, by a system having the features of claim 24 and by a method having the features of claim 25. According to a first aspect, a charging station for charging and/or discharging an energy store of an electric vehicle with electrical energy by means of a multi-phase network that can be coupled to the charging station is proposed. The charging station comprises: one between a number of phases (also denoted by LI, L2, L3) of the multi-phase network and a number of converters connected to the energy store that can be coupled to the output conductors of the charging station and having a plurality of controllable semiconductor switching elements, and a control unit which is set up to control the controllable semiconductor switching elements of the converter in such a way that the phases LI, L2, L3 result in currents with at least two different current intensities, in particular with at least two different effective values.

The charging station has, for example, a housing, in particular a waterproof housing, with an interior space in which a plurality of electrical and/or electronic components and a connection socket connected to at least one of the components for connecting a charging plug for the energy store of the electric vehicle are arranged .

The charging station can also be referred to as a charging connection device. The charging station is designed in particular as a wall box. The charging station is suitable for charging or regenerating the energy store of an electric vehicle by electrically connecting the charging station to the energy store or the charging electronics of the electric vehicle via its connection socket and the charging plug of the electric vehicle. The charging station acts as a source of electrical energy for the electric vehicle, and the electrical energy can be transferred to an energy store in the electric vehicle by means of a connection socket and charging plug. The charging station can also be referred to as an intelligent charging station for electric vehicles.

Examples of the electrical and/or electronic components of the charging station include contactors, all-current-sensitive circuit breakers, DC, over and fault current monitoring device, relay, connection terminal, electronic circuits and a control device, for example comprising a printed circuit board, on which a plurality of electronic components for controlling and/or measuring and/or monitoring the energy states at the charging station or in the connected electric vehicle are arranged are.

In particular, the converter can be referred to as an AC/DC converter. The AC/DC converter is set up in particular for converting an AC voltage into a DC voltage and/or for converting a DC voltage into an AC voltage. The charging station comprises in particular an intermediate circuit downstream of the converter with a number of intermediate circuit capacitors which are connected to an intermediate circuit center point.

The multiphase network is, for example, a multiphase subscriber network. The multi-phase network can also be a multi-phase power supply network. In particular, the polyphase network has a number of phases, for example LI, L2 and L3, and a neutral conductor (also denoted by N).

It should be noted that the “charging and/or discharging of an energy store” includes both supplying electrical energy and drawing electrical energy. This means that the energy store can act as a consumer or as a producer in the subscriber network.

Because the present charging station can provide currents with different current intensities, in particular with different effective values, on the phases L1, L2, L3, it is suitable for unbalanced loads. By controlling the semiconductor switching elements of the converter, the control unit can load the phases LI, L2, L3 differently and thus compensate for an unbalanced load.

In particular, the control unit and its control of the controllable semiconductor switching elements of the converter make it possible to Adjust power distribution to the three phases LI, L2, L3 both in the charging operation of the charging station and in the discharging operation of the charging station, which enables unbalanced loads on the phases LI, L2, L3. The charging operation is characterized by the fact that a total active power flows from the charging station to the energy storage of the electric vehicle. When discharging, on the other hand, total active power flows from the energy store of the electric vehicle to the charging station. In the event that no electric vehicle and thus no energy store is connected to the charging station, the power distribution can be regulated by the present charging station in such a way that the total active power is zero. For this purpose, power is fed into part of the phases LI, L2, L3, whereas the same power is drawn from another part of the phases LI, L2, L3.

This unbalanced load compensation can also be carried out for capacitive or inductive reactive power. In addition, the charging station can be used within the scope of its rated power for active reactive power compensation or alternatively for the desired reactive power feed, also known as phase shifter operation, which can be used, for example, to increase or decrease the voltage of the subscriber network. With pure reactive power feed-in, the curves of the phase powers on phases LI, L2, L3 are shifted in such a way that their mean value is zero. The reactive power component that is impressed on the energy supply network can be made available entirely by means of the intermediate circuit capacitors. According to this, no electric vehicle has to be connected, even if, as for example with reactive power compensation, the sum of the reactive powers on the mains phases LI, L2, L3 is not equal to zero. Mixed operation of active power and reactive power is also possible on all mains phases LI, L2, L3, within the scope of the rated device power of the charging station with any distribution set.

In particular, the present charging station can also be used to compensate for current harmonics at the grid connection point. To this end non-sinusoidal currents, for example mains currents affected by harmonics, are impressed in the mains phases LI, L2, L3 by the charging station, which can compensate for the harmonic currents measured at the mains connection point. Such reactive power for distortion can also be made available by means of the intermediate circuit capacitors, so that no electric vehicle has to be connected to the charging station for harmonic compensation either.

The functionalities provided by the charging station at the grid connection point for active power feed-in, unbalanced load compensation, direct current compensation, phase shifter operation, reactive power compensation and harmonic compensation can be used as network services to improve the quality and security of supply of the subscriber network, for example one local power grid. They can also serve to reduce power distribution losses or, alternatively, power distribution costs.

As already explained above, these functionalities advantageously do not all require that an electric vehicle is connected to the charging station or is being charged. On the contrary, it can be advantageous if no electric vehicle is charged, because then the full rated power is available in the charging station for the grid service.

According to one specific embodiment, the charging station includes an intermediate circuit connected downstream of the converter with a number of intermediate circuit capacitors, which are connected to an intermediate circuit center point. Furthermore, the charging station preferably comprises a circuit connecting the intermediate circuit center point and the neutral conductor N of the multi-phase network, which is set up to compensate for an unbalanced load between the intermediate circuit center point and between the intermediate circuit center point which occurs as a result of the currents on the phases LI, L2, L3 with the at least two different current intensities and the neutral conductor N of the polyphase network. The circuit is set up in particular to compensate for the residual current between the intermediate circuit center point and the neutral conductor N of the multi-phase network that results from the currents in phases LI, L2, L3 with the at least two different current intensities when the network voltage of the multi-phase network is fixed to guide the network.

According to a further embodiment, the circuit is set up to conduct the residual current resulting from the currents in phases LI, L2, L3 with the at least two different current intensities when the energy store is being charged and/or when the energy store is being discharged.

According to a further embodiment, the converter has three half-bridges connected between a positive output conductor and a negative output conductor of the charging station. A first half bridge is assigned to a first phase LI of the multiphase network, a second half bridge is assigned to a second phase L2 of the multiphase network and a third half bridge is assigned to a third phase L3 of the multiphase network.

According to a further embodiment, the converter has a balancing device for balancing an intermediate potential of the intermediate circuit of the converter.

The balancing device is preferably designed as described in patent application DE 10 2020 122 458.3, the content of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference. The balancing device has a half-bridge with two semiconductor switching elements connected between the positive output conductor and the negative output conductor of the charging station. A smoothing choke is connected between the center tap of the half-bridge and the neutral output conductor. In particular, the smoothing choke forms a coil side of an isolating transformer for operating a DC power supply unit. A PWM switching generator is also preferred provided, which is set up to switch the two semiconductor switching elements in a variable duty cycle in such a way that a desired intermediate potential, in particular a symmetrical intermediate potential, can be set at the neutral output conductor.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station comprises a DC/DC converter connected downstream of the intermediate circuit for outputting a stepped-up or stepped-down DC voltage to the energy store by means of the positive output conductor and the negative output conductor or by means of the positive output conductor, the negative output conductor and the neutral output conductor of the electric vehicle.

According to a further embodiment, the circuit has a line connecting the intermediate circuit center point and the neutral conductor N of the polyphase network.

According to a further embodiment, a controllable switch is provided in the line connecting the intermediate circuit center point and the neutral conductor N of the polyphase network.

The switch is in particular a semiconductor switch or a mechanical switch. The switch is preferably actuated as a function of an operating state, in particular a desired operating state, of the charging station.

In this embodiment, the switch is closed to carry out the unbalanced load compensation because the total current in the phases LI, L2, L3 is not equal to zero and the neutral conductor N carries the differential current. In the present case, closing the switch is also understood to mean, for example, periodic closing and opening. According to a further embodiment, the charging station comprises an EMC filter device and an LCL filter device connected downstream of the EMC filter device, which are coupled between three network-side connection terminals for the three phases LI, L2, L3 of the multi-phase network and the three half-bridges.

The LCL filter device preferably includes at least three inductors and three capacitors. The three capacitors are coupled to the center of the intermediate circuit via a line. Alternatively, a four-leg choke or a five-leg choke can be used, with three windings on a common iron core.

According to a further embodiment, the circuit has a fourth half-bridge assigned to the neutral conductor N of the polyphase network. The fourth half-bridge is set up to couple the neutral conductor N of the polyphase network to the neutral conductor N via one of the output conductors.

This embodiment with the fourth half bridge has the advantageous effect that it is also possible to compensate for undesired direct current components in the currents on phases L1, L2, L3. This embodiment with the fourth half-bridge offers advantages for supplying a direct current component in the neutral conductor current, in particular because the minimum intermediate circuit voltages required for operation can be selected to be smaller than in a topology without a fourth half-bridge.

The respective half-bridge is in particular a 2-point half-bridge or a 3-point half-bridge.

According to a further embodiment, the first half-bridge, the second half-bridge, the third half-bridge and the fourth half-bridge are connected in parallel between the positive output conductor and the negative output conductor of the charging station. If the half-bridges are designed as 3-point half-bridges, they are connected in parallel between the positive output conductor, the negative output conductor and the neutral output conductor of the charging station.

The charging current for charging the energy store can be provided by means of the output conductors comprising the positive output conductor, the negative output conductor and the neutral output conductor.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station comprises a permanently connected charging cable with a connector plug for the electric vehicle, the charging cable having a number of coupling points for connecting the charging cable in the charging station, the coupling points of the connector plug connected to the output conductors having a number of Phases of the charging cable can be coupled.

In particular, the charging cable connects the electric vehicle or the energy store of the electric vehicle to the charging station and is set up to transfer the charging current. In particular, the charging cable has the lines for the positive output conductor, the negative output conductor and the protective conductor (PE), as well as the pilot contact/control pilot (CP) conductor and the proximity switch/proximity pilot (PP) conductor for signal, sensor and or data transfers.

The connector plug can have further coupling points, for example to connect a protective conductor and/or one or more signal, sensor or data transmission conductors. The connector plug can be designed in such a way that it is compatible with different specifications, in particular the connector plug can be DC-Low compatible, with the connector plug coupling point L2 being connected to the negative output conductor, the connector plug coupling point L3 being connected to the positive output conductor and the connection plug coupling point PE is connected to the neutral output conductor or be compatible with DOMid where connector crosspoints LI and L2 are connected to the negative output conductor, connector crosspoints L3 and N are connected to the positive output conductor, and connector crosspoint PE is connected to the neutral output conductor or be compatible with DOHigh, where the terminal plug positive coupling point is connected to the positive output conductor, the terminal plug negative coupling point is connected to the output negative conductor, and the output neutral conductor is connected to the terminal plug PE coupling point. The charging cable can have a number of conductors corresponding to the coupling points.

In embodiments, the charging station can have a number of connection sockets for charging cables of different configurations.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station comprises a connection socket with a number of coupling points for connecting a charging cable, a respective output conductor of the number being connected to a respective coupling point of the connection socket, and the coupling points of the connection socket connected to the output conductors having a number can be coupled to phases of the charging cable.

In particular, the charging cable connects the electric vehicle or the energy store of the electric vehicle to the connection socket and is set up to transmit the charging current. In particular, the charging cable has the lines for the positive output conductor, the negative output conductor and the protective conductor (PE), as well as the conductor pilot contact/control pilot (CP) and the conductor proximity switch/proximity pilot (PP) for signal, sensor - or data transmissions.

The connection socket can have further coupling points, for example to connect a protective conductor and/or one or more signal, sensor or data transmission conductors. The connection socket can be designed in such a way that it is compatible with different specifications, in particular In addition, the connector socket can be DOLow compatible, where the L2 coupling point is connected to the negative output conductor, the L3 coupling point to the positive output conductor and the PE coupling point to the neutral output conductor, or DOMid compatible, where the LI and L2 coupling points are connected to be connected to the negative output conductor, the coupling points L3 and N are connected to the positive output conductor and the coupling point PE is connected to the neutral output conductor, or to DOHigh. The charging cable can have a number of conductors corresponding to the coupling points. In embodiments, the charging station can have a number of connection sockets for differently designed charging cables.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station comprises a connection socket with a number of coupling points for connecting a charging cable, with a respective output conductor of the number being connected to a respective coupling point of the connection socket, and with the coupling points of the connection socket connected to the output conductors being connected to a neutral conductor and a number of phases of the charging cable can be coupled.

In this embodiment, the phases of the multi-phase subscriber network are thus assigned to the neutral conductor of the charging cable and phases of the charging cable by means of the charging station.

According to a further embodiment, an EMC filter device and an LCL filter device connected downstream of the EMC filter device are coupled between four mains-side connection terminals for the three phases LI, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N of the multi-phase network and the four half-bridges.

In this case, the LCL filter device preferably comprises four inductors and four capacitors. The first half-bridge, the second half-bridge, the third half-bridge and the fourth half-bridge are coupled to a respective mains-side terminal of the charging station by means of a respective one of the chokes. The four Capacitors are coupled to the intermediate circuit center via a line.

According to a further embodiment, the circuit is set up to conduct a residual current designed as a residual current with a DC component, in particular a residual current designed as a direct current, between the intermediate circuit center point and the neutral conductor N of the multiphase network.

According to a further embodiment, the circuit is set up to set, in particular to regulate, a current strength of the residual current resulting as a result of the currents in the phases L1, L2, L3 with the at least two different current strengths.

According to a further embodiment, the converter is designed as a 3-point converter.

According to a further embodiment, the respective controllable semiconductor switching element of the converter is designed as a semiconductor switch, in particular as a transistor, preferably as a SiC MOSFET or as an IGBT.

According to a further embodiment, the converter is designed as a unidirectional converter.

According to a further embodiment, the converter is designed as a bidirectional converter.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station includes a communication module. The communication module is preferably set up to negotiate a charging plan with charging electronics of the energy store coupled to the charging station.

Negotiation takes place, for example, as described in ISO 15118. For example, the charging electronics of the energy store requests a certain charging power via the communication module at the charging station and the charging station, for example a control device of the charging station, determines whether the requested charging power can be provided. A current state of the subscriber network and/or the power supply network is taken into account in particular. If the requested charging power cannot be provided, the charging station can make a “counterproposal” via the communication module, which can be accepted by the charging electronics of the energy store, or the charging electronics can make a new request of its own. In this way, the charging station and the charging electronics communicate until the charging plan is negotiated. Negotiating the charging plan can be part of the pairing process when an energy storage device is reconnected to the charging station.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station comprises a power switching device for safely disconnecting the number of output conductors from the multi-phase subscriber network. The power switching device can be designed as an electromechanical element, such as a contactor or a four-phase relay. The power switching device can be designed and controlled individually for a respective phase of the multiphase subscriber network and/or for a respective output conductor of the switching matrix, so that individual assignments can be interrupted by means of the power switching device, for example.

According to a further embodiment, a bridging device for connecting a first phase LI and a second phase L2 of the phases LI, L2, L3 and a further bridging device for connecting a third phase L3 of the phases LI, L2 are used to form a single-phase operation of the charging station 1 , L3 and the neutral conductor N are provided. According to a further embodiment, a bridging device for connecting a first phase LI and a second phase L2 of the phases LI, L2, L3 and a further bridging device for connecting the second phase L2 and a third phase L3 of the Phases LI, L2, L3 provided.

The respective bridging device is formed, for example, as a copper bracket. In particular, the bridging devices are arranged immediately after the mains-side connection terminals of the charging station.

According to a second aspect, a system is proposed which has a charging station according to the first aspect or according to one of the embodiments of the first aspect and two bridging devices external to the charging station for forming a single-phase operation of the charging station. Since the one bridging device is set up for connecting a first phase LI and a second phase L2 of the phases LI, L2, L3 and the other bridging device is set up for connecting a third phase L3 of the phases LI, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N.

According to a third aspect, a system is proposed which has a charging station according to the first aspect or according to one of the embodiments of the first aspect and two bridging devices external to the charging station for forming a single-phase operation of the charging station. Since the one bridging device is set up to connect a first phase LI and a second phase L2 of the phases LI, L2, L3 and the other bridging device is set up to connect the second phase L2 and a third phase L3 of the phases LI, L2, L3.

According to a fourth aspect, a method for operating a charging station for charging and/or discharging an energy store of an electric vehicle with electrical energy is provided by means of a device that can be coupled to the charging station Proposed multi-phase network, the charging station 1 having a number of phases LI, L2, L3 of the multi-phase network and a number of ge coupled to the energy storage output conductors of the charging station connected converter with a plurality of controllable semiconductor switching elements. The procedure includes:

Driving the controllable semiconductor switching elements of the converter in such a way that currents with at least two different current intensities, in particular with at least two different effective values, result on the phases L1, L2, L3.

This method has the same advantages as explained for the charging station according to the first aspect. The embodiments described for the proposed charging station apply accordingly to the proposed method. Furthermore, the definitions and explanations for the charging station also apply accordingly to the proposed method.

According to a fifth aspect, a charging station for charging and/or discharging an energy store of an electric vehicle with electrical energy using a multi-phase network that can be coupled to the charging station is proposed. The charging station comprises: one between a number of phases of the multi-phase network and a number of with output conductors, which can be coupled to the energy storage device, of the charging station-connected converter with a plurality of controllable semiconductor switching elements, and an intermediate circuit downstream of the converter with a number of intermediate circuit capacitors which are connected to an intermediate circuit center point, the converter having a balancing device for balancing an intermediate potential of the Has intermediate circuit.

As used herein, "a" is not necessarily to be construed as being limited to exactly one element. Rather, several elements, such as two, three or more, may be provided. Any other count word used here should also not be understood to mean that there is a restriction to precisely the stated number of elements. Rather, numerical deviations upwards and downwards are possible, unless otherwise stated.

Further possible implementations of the invention also include combinations of features or embodiments described above or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments that are not explicitly mentioned. The person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the invention.

Further advantageous refinements and aspects of the invention are the subject matter of the subclaims and of the exemplary embodiments of the invention described below. The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred embodiments with reference to the enclosed figures.

Fig. 1 shows schematically an arrangement with a first embodiment of a charging station and an electric vehicle;

2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a charging station for charging and/or discharging an energy store of an electric vehicle;

FIG. 3 shows the schematic circuit diagram of the charging station according to FIG. 2 with entered current measuring points for the half-bridge currents of the converter and entered power measuring points for the phases before the converter;

4a-4d show diagrams of the half-bridge currents measured according to FIG. 3, averaged over a switching period, of the half-bridge currents measured according to FIG. NEN phase active power and the total active power of the intermediate circuit for a charging operation of the charging station according to FIG. 3.

5a-5d show diagrams of the half-bridge currents measured in accordance with FIG. 3, the active phase powers measured in accordance with FIG. 3 and the total active power of the intermediate circuit for a discharge operation of the charging station in accordance with FIG. 3;

6a-6d show diagrams of the half-bridge currents measured in accordance with FIG. 3, the active phase powers measured in accordance with FIG. 3 and the total active power of the intermediate circuit for operation of the charging station in accordance with FIG. 3 without an energy store connected to an electric vehicle;

7 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of a charging station for charging and/or discharging an energy store of an electric vehicle;

8 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of a charging station for charging and/or discharging an energy store of an electric vehicle;

9 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fifth embodiment of a charging station for charging and/or discharging an energy store of an electric vehicle; and

FIG. 10 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for operating a charging station for charging and/or discharging an energy store of an electric vehicle.

In the figures, elements that are the same or have the same function have been provided with the same reference symbols, unless otherwise stated. Fig. 1 schematically shows an arrangement with a first embodiment of a charging station 1 and an electric vehicle 100 having an electrical energy store 110.

In the example in FIG. 1 , a multi-phase subscriber network 120 is connected to a multi-phase power supply network 200 by means of a network connection point 125 . The multiphase subscriber network 120 has, in particular, a number of phases, for example L1, L2 and L3, and a neutral conductor N. In this example, it is a question of three-phase power networks without restricting the generality. The electric vehicle 100 can be coupled to the charging station 1 by means of a charging cable 105 which is permanently connected to the charging station 1 . In another embodiment, the electric vehicle 100 can be coupled to the charging station 1 by means of a charging cable 105 which is connected to a connection socket (not shown) of the charging station 1 .

The charging station 1 can have a number of electrical and/or electronic components (not shown in FIG. 1) and is for charging and/or discharging the energy store 110 of the electric vehicle 100 with electrical energy by means of the multi-phase subscriber network coupled to the charging station 1 120 furnished.

The charging station 1 comprises a converter 10 connected between the phases LI, L2, L3 of the subscriber network 120 and the energy store 110 and having a plurality of controllable semiconductor switching elements (see FIG. 2). The order judge 10 can also be referred to as an AC / DC converter. The converter 10 is intended in particular for converting an AC voltage into a DC voltage and/or for converting a DC voltage into an AC voltage.

The charging station 10 also includes a control unit 20. The control unit 20 is set up to control the controllable semiconductor switching elements of the converter 10 to be controlled in such a way that currents II, I2, 13 (see FIGS. 2, 3, 7) with at least two different current intensities, in particular with at least different effective values, result on the phases LI, L2, L3.

In addition, the charging station 1 preferably comprises a communication module (not shown). The communication module is set up to negotiate a charging plan with charging electronics of the energy store 110 coupled to the charging station 1 .

Negotiation takes place, for example, as described in ISO 15118. For example, the charging electronics of the energy store 110 requests a specific charging power via the communication module at the charging station 1 and the charging station 1 determines whether the requested charging power can be provided. A current state of the subscriber network 120 and/or of the energy supply network 200 is/are taken into account here in particular. If the requested charging power cannot be provided, the charging station 1 can make a “counterproposal” via the communication module, which can be accepted by the charging electronics of the energy store 110, or the charging electronics can make its own request again. In this way, the charging stations communicate on 1 and the charging electronics of the energy store 110 until the charging plan is out. Negotiating the charging plan can be part of the pairing process when an energy store 110 is newly connected to the charging station 1 .

FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a charging station 1 for charging and discharging an energy store 110 of an electric vehicle 100. The second embodiment of FIG. 2 includes all the features of the first embodiment of FIG.

According to FIG. 2, the charging station 1 has at least four connection terminals 91,

92, 93, 94 for the three phases LI, L2, L3 of the multi-phase subscriber network 120 and the neutral conductor N. An EMC filter device 70 and one of the EMC filter device 70 are connected downstream of the connection terminals 91, 92, 93, 94 downstream LCL filter device 80. In the example in FIG. 2, the LCL filter device 80 comprises three inductors 81, 82, 83 and three capacitors 85,

86, 87

The converter 10 of FIG. 2 is connected between the LCL filter device 80 and a balancing device 60 . The converter 10 in FIG. 2 has three half-bridges 11, 12, 13 connected between a positive output conductor A1 and a negative output conductor A2. The second half bridge 12 is assigned to the second phase L2 of the subscriber network 120 and the third half bridge 13 is assigned to the third phase L3 of the subscriber network 120 .

The balancing device 60 connected downstream of the converter 10 is provided for balancing an intermediate potential of an intermediate circuit 30 of the converter 10 . The intermediate circuit 30 of FIG. 2 has two intermediate circuit capacitors 31, 32, which are connected to an intermediate circuit center point 33 between the positive output conductor Al and the negative output conductor A2.

The balancing device 60 is preferably designed as described in the patent application DE 10 2020 122 458.3, the content of which is hereby fully incorporated by reference. The balancing device 60 has a half-bridge with two semiconductor switching elements 61, 62 connected between the positive output conductor A1 and the negative output conductor A2. Between the center tap 63 of the half-bridge and the neutral output conductor A3 of the charging station 1, a smoothing choke 64 is switched on. The smoothing choke 64 forms in particular a coil side of an isolating transformer for operating a DC voltage power supply. In addition, a PWM switching generator (not shown) can be provided, which is set up to switch the two semiconductor switching elements 61, 62 in a variable duty cycle in such a way that a desired intermediate potential, in particular in particular a symmetrical intermediate potential at which the neutral output conductor A3 can be set.

In particular, a DC/DO converter (not shown in FIG. 2) is connected downstream of the intermediate circuit 30 . The DC/DO converter is set up to output a boosted or bucked DC voltage to the energy store 110 of the electric vehicle 100 by means of the positive output conductor Al and the negative output conductor A2 or by means of the positive output conductor Al, the negative output conductor A2 and the neutral output conductor A3.

Furthermore, the charging station 1 of Fig. 2 comprises a circuit 40 connecting the intermediate circuit center point 33 of the intermediate circuit 30 and the neutral conductor N of the multiphase subscriber network 120. The circuit 40 is set up to compensate for unbalanced loads due to the currents II, 12, 13 on the phases L1, L2, L3 with the at least two different current strengths resulting in residual current IR flowing between the intermediate circuit center point 33 and the neutral conductor N of the subscriber network 120.

The circuit 40 is set up, in particular, to balance the unbalanced load between the intermediate circuit center 33 and the neutral conductor N of the multi-phase part resulting from the currents II, 12, 13 on the phases LI, L2, L3 with the at least two different current intensities mernetzes 120 to lead residual current IR flowing at a rigid mains voltage of the multi-phase subscriber network 120. Circuit 40 is preferably set up to, when charging energy store 110 and/or discharging energy store 110, the residual current IR that results as a result of currents II, I2, 13 on phases LI, L2, L3 with the at least two different current intensities respectively.

The circuit 40 of FIG. 2 has an electrical line 41 connecting the intermediate circuit center point 33 and the neutral conductor N of the multiphase subscriber network 120 . In this case, a controllable switch 42 in the intermediate - circle center 33 and the neutral conductor N of the multiphase subscriber network ^¬ zes 120 connecting line 41 is provided. The switch 42 is in particular a semiconductor switch or a mechanical switch. The switch 42 is ^preferably actuated as a function of an operating state, in particular a desired operating state, of the charging station 1. As shown in FIG.

3 shows the ^schematic circuit diagram of the charging station 1 according to FIG Power ^measuring points for the phases LI, L2, L3 before the converter 10.

In Fig. 3, I_H+_L1 denotes the half-bridge current to LI in the positive intermediate circuit half, averaged over a switching period, I_H+ ^_L2 denotes the half-bridge current to L2 in the positive intermediate circuit half, averaged over a switching period, and I_H+_L3 denotes the average over a switching period ^¬ half-bridge current to L3 in the positive intermediate circuit half. Analogously, I_H-_L1 denotes the half-bridge current to LI in the negative intermediate circuit half averaged over a switching period, ^I_H - ^_L2 the half-bridge current to L2 in the negative intermediate circuit half averaged over a switching period and I_H-_L3 the half-bridge current averaged over a switching period to L3 in the negative intermediate circuit half.

Furthermore, P_L1 in FIG. 3 designates the phase power on LI, ^P_L2 the phase power on L2 and P_L3 the phase power on L3.

4a-4d show diagrams of the half-bridge currents ^I_H +_L1, 1_H+_L2, 1_H+_L3, 1_H-_L1, 1_H-_L2, 1_H-_L3 measured according to FIG. 3, the phase Active powers P_L1, P_L2, P_L3 and the total active power P_ZK of the intermediate circuit for charging operation of the charging station 1 according to FIG. 3. In detail, FIG. 4a shows a diagram to illustrate the mean values of the half-bridge currents I_H+_L1, 1_H+_L2, I_H+_L3 in the positive half of the intermediate circuit measured according to FIG. FIG. 4b shows a diagram to illustrate the mean values of the half-bridge currents I_H-_L1, 1_H-_L2, 1_H-_L3 measured according to FIG. 3 in the negative intermediate circuit half. FIG. 4c shows a diagram to illustrate the phase active powers P_L1, ^P_L2 , P_L3 measured at the power measurement points according to FIG. 3, and FIG. 4d shows a diagram to illustrate the total active power P_ZK of the intermediate circuit.

4a-4d thus show the charging operation of the charging station 1, in which the charging station 1 charges the energy store 110 with electrical energy. This is particularly evident in FIG. 4d, which shows the total effective power with +10 kW (P_ZK=10 kW).

In contrast, FIGS. 5a-5d show the discharging operation of the charging station 1 according to FIG. 3. Analogously to FIGS. 4a-4d, FIGS. 5a-5d show diagrams of the half-bridge currents I_H+_L1, 1_H+_L2 measured according to FIG , 1_H+_L3, 1_H-_L1, I_H-_L2, 1_H-_L3, the active phase powers P_L1, P_L2, P_L3 measured according to Fig. 3 and the total active power P_ZK of the intermediate circuit for the discharging operation of the charging station 1 according to Fig. 3. In detail, FIG. 5a shows a diagram to illustrate the mean values of the half-bridge currents ^I_H + ^_L1 , 1_H+_L2, 1_H+_L3 measured in accordance with FIG. 3 in the positive intermediate circuit half. FIG. 5b shows a diagram to illustrate the mean values of the half-bridge currents I_H-_L1, 1_H-_L2, 1_H-_L3 measured according to FIG. 3 in the negative intermediate circuit half. FIG. 5c shows a diagram for the evaluation of the active phase powers P_L1, P_L2, P_L3 measured at the power measurement points according to FIG. 3, and FIG. 5d shows a diagram for illustrating the total active power P_ZK of the intermediate circuit.

According to FIG. 5d, the total active power P_ZK is -6 kW (P_ZK=-6 kW). This means that the energy store 110 is discharged by the charging station 1 with 6 kW. Analogously to FIGS. 4a-4d and to FIGS. 5a-5d, FIGS. 6a-6d show diagrams of the half-bridge currents I_H+_L1, 1_H+_L2, ^I_H +_L3, 1_H-_L1 measured in accordance with FIG , 1_H-_L2, 1_H-_L3, the phases measured according to FIG. 3 - active powers ^P_L1 , ^P_L2 , P_L3 and the total active power P_ZK of the intermediate circuit for operation of the charging station 1 according to FIG Electric vehicle 100. According to FIG. 6d, the total active power P_ZK is zero (P_ZK=0 kW).

As Fig. 4a-4d, Fig. 5a-5d and Fig. 6a-6d show, the active power distribution P_L1, P_L2 and P_L3 on the three phases LI, L2 and L3 within the device rated power of the charging station 1 both in Ladebe ^¬ operation (see. Fig. 4a-4d) and in discharging (see. Fig. 5a-5d) under the pre ^¬ premise that the neutral conductor N is connected, bidirectional freely adjustable and thus suitable for ^unbalanced loads. The total active power P_ZK (P_ZK=P_L1+ ^P_L2 +P_L3) flows to the electric vehicle 100 in the charging mode (P_ZK positive, charging mode, cf. FIG. 4d) or is taken from the energy store 110 of the electric vehicle 100 (P_ZK negative, discharging mode, see Fig. 5d).

In the event that no electric vehicle 100 is connected, the power distribution is regulated in such a way that the total power P_ZK is zero ( ^P_ZK =0, see FIG. 6d).

Within the framework of the device rated power of the charging station 1, for example, an ^unbalanced load compensation can also be carried out on the phases LI, L2, L3 for this case in FIGS. 6a-6d. For this purpose, power is fed in on part of the phases LI, L2, L3 and the same power is drawn off on another part of the phases ^LI , L2, L3.

The average intermediate circuit currents I_H in FIGS. 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b and 6a, 6b in these exemplary curves apply, for example, to a regulated intermediate circuit voltage of 800 V direct voltage between the terminals Al and A2. In this context, “averaged” means in particular that the switching frequency components of the currents are not considered (mean value model of the converter 10).

The resulting current amplitudes I_H are inversely proportional to the intermediate circuit voltage. Since the intermediate circuit voltage is constantly regulated and the phase powers P_L1, P_L2 and P_L3 form in the form of a sine square with sinusoidally regulated mains currents and a sinusoidal mains voltage, the mean intermediate circuit currents I_H are also sine-squared.

In order to carry out the unbalanced load compensation, for example according to FIG. 3, the switch 42 in FIG.

L2, L3 is not equal to zero and the neutral conductor N carries the differential current IR.

Furthermore, FIG. 7 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of a charging station 1 for charging and/or discharging an energy storage device 110 of an electric vehicle 100 .

The third embodiment of the charging station 1 according to FIG. 7 has, instead of the circuit 40 of the second embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, a circuit 50 which, according to FIG. The fourth half bridge 14 is set up to couple the neutral conductor N of the multiphase subscriber network 120 to the neutral conductor N via the output conductor A3. 7, the first half-bridge 11, the second half-bridge 12, the third half-bridge 13 and the fourth half-bridge 14 are connected in parallel between the positive output conductor Al and the negative output conductor A2. For the example of the formation of the half-bridges 11, 12, 13, 14 as 3-point half-bridges, these are connected in parallel between the positive output conductor Al, the negative output conductor A2 and the neutral conductor output conductor A3 from the charging station 1. As FIG. 7 also illustrates, the EMC filter device 70 and the LCL filter device 80 connected downstream of the EMC filter device 70 are connected between the four line-side connection terminals 91, 92, 93, 94 for the three phases LI,

L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N of the subscriber network 120 and the four half bridges 11, 12, 13, 14 are connected.

The LCL filter device 80 preferably includes four inductors 81, 82, 83, 84 and four capacitors 85, 86, 87, 88. The first half-bridge 11, the second half-bridge 12, the third half-bridge 13 and the fourth half-bridge 14 are with means one of the respective chokes 81, 82, 83, 84 coupled to a respective mains-side connection terminal 91, 92, 93, 94 of the charging station 1. The four capaci tors 85, 86, 87, 88 are coupled via an electrical line 89 to the intermediate circle center 33 of the intermediate circuit 30.

The circuit 50 is set up to conduct a residual current IR formed as a residual current with a DC component between the intermediate circuit center point 33 and the neutral conductor N of the multiphase subscriber network 120 . This is also the functional difference between the topologies according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 7, namely that in the topology according to FIG. 7 a direct current component can also be impressed into the neutral conductor N. Thus, with the topology according to FIG. 7, a compensation of undesired direct current components in the phase currents of the phases LI, L2, L3 can also be carried out so advantageously within the scope of the device rated power of the charging station 1 at the grid connection point 125 (see FIG. 1).

In households, for example, direct current components arise in the phase currents caused by consumers, such as hair dryers. They are an unwanted load on the subscriber network 120 and the energy supply network 200. The topology according to FIG. 7 offers advantages with the fourth half-bridge 14 for supplying the direct current component in the neutral conductor current, in particular because the minimum required intermediate circuit voltage for regulated operation smaller than can be chosen for the topology according to FIG. This unbalanced load balance can also be carried out for capacitive or inductive reactive power. In addition, the charging station 1 can be used within the scope of its rated power for active reactive power compensation or alternatively for the desired reactive power feed, the so-called phase shifter operation, which can be used, for example, to increase or decrease the voltage of the subscriber network 120. In the case of pure reactive power feeding, the curves of the phase powers P_L1 and/or P_L2 and/or P_L3 are shifted according to FIGS. 4 to 6 in such a way that their mean value is zero. The reactive power component that is impressed into the energy supply network 200 can be made available entirely from the intermediate circuit capacitors 31, 32. Accordingly, no electric vehicle 100 has to be connected (see FIGS. 6a-6d), even if, for example in the case of reactive power compensation, the sum of the reactive powers on the network phases LI, L2, L3 is not equal to zero. A mixed operation of active power and reactive power is also possible on all mains phases LI, L2, L3, within the scope of the device rated power of the charging station 1 with any distribution set.

In particular, the present charging station 1 can also be used to compensate for current harmonics at the grid connection point 125 . For this purpose, non-sinusoidal currents, for example mains currents affected by harmonics, are impressed into the mains phases LI, L2, L3 by the charging station 1, which currents can compensate for the harmonics currents measured at the mains connection point 125. Such reactive power for distortion can also be made available by means of intermediate circuit capacitors 31, 32, so that no electric vehicle 100 has to be connected to charging station 1 for harmonic compensation either.

The functions provided by the charging station 1 at the grid connection point 125 for active power feed, for unbalanced load compensation, for direct current compensation, for phase shifter operation, for band power compensation and for harmonic compensation can be used as a grid Services are used to improve the quality and security of supply of the subscriber network 125, for example a local power supply network. They can also serve to reduce power distribution losses or, alternatively, power distribution costs.

As already stated above, all of these functionalities advantageously do not require that an electric vehicle 100 is connected to the charging station 1 or is being ^charged . Rather, it can be advantageous if no electric vehicle 100 is charged, because the full rated power is then available in the charging station 1 for the network service.

Furthermore, FIG. 8 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of a ^charging station 1 for charging and/or discharging an energy store 110 of an electric vehicle 100.

The fourth embodiment of FIG. 8 is based in particular on the second ^embodiment according to FIG. 2 or the third embodiment according to FIG. 7 and then includes all of their features. In addition, the ^charging station 1 of FIG. 8 has two bridging devices 131, 132. The first bridging device 131 connects the first phase LI to the second phase L2. The second bridging device 132 connects the third phase L3 to the neutral conductor N. The bridging devices 131 and 132 are therefore suitable for forming a single-phase operation of the charging station 1 .

Furthermore, Fig. 9 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a ^fifth embodiment of a charging station 1 for charging and/or discharging an energy ^store 110 of an electric vehicle 100. In order to form a single-phase operation of the ^charging station 1, the charging station 1 of Fig. 9 a bridging device 133 for connecting the first phase LI and the second phase L2 and a further bridging device 134 for connecting the second phase L2 and the third phase L3. The respective bridging device 131, 132, 133, 134 of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 is designed, for example, as a copper clip. In particular, the bridging devices 131, 132, 133, 134 are arranged immediately after the network- ^side connection terminals 91, 92, 93, 94 of the charging station 1.

In addition, Fig. 10 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for operating a charging station 1 for charging and/or discharging an energy ^store 110 of an electric vehicle with electrical energy by means of a multiphase network 120 that can be coupled to the charging station 1. The charging station 1 is, for example, as in formed explained the above figures.

The charging station 1 is coupled to the multi-phase network 120 in step S1.

In step S2, the controllable semiconductor switching elements of the converter 10 of the charging station 1 are driven in such a way that the phases LI, L2, L3

Currents II, 12, 13 with at least two different current ^intensities , in particular with at least two different effective values, result.

Although the present invention has been described on the basis of embodiments, it can be modified in many ways.

REFERENCE LIST

1 charging station

10 converters, e.g. AC/DC converters

11 first half bridge

12 second half bridge

13 third half bridge

14 fourth half bridge 20 control unit

30 intermediate circuit

31 intermediate circuit capacitor

32 intermediate circuit capacitor

33 DC link center

40 circuit

41 line

42 switch 50 circuit 60 balancing device 61 semiconductor switching element 62 semiconductor switching element

63 center tap

64 smoothing choke 70 EM V filter device 80 LCL filter device 81 choke 82 choke

83 Thrush

84 Thrush

85 condenser

86 condenser

87 condenser

88 condenser 89 line

91 terminal block

92 terminal block

93 terminal block

94 connection terminal 100 electric vehicle 105 charging cable 110 energy storage 120 multi-phase subscriber network 125 grid connection point

131 bypass device

132 bypass device

133 bypass device

134 bridging device 200 multi-phase power supply network

Al exit conductor

A2 output conductor

A3 output conductor

^I_H +_L1 half-bridge current to phase LI in the positive intermediate circuit half

I_H+_L2 Half-bridge current to phase L2 in the positive half of the intermediate circuit

I_H+_L3 Half-bridge current to phase L3 in the positive half of the intermediate circuit

I_H-_L1 Half-bridge current to phase LI in the negative half of the intermediate circuit

I_H-_L2 Half-bridge current to phase L2 in the negative half of the intermediate circuit

I_H-_L3 Half-bridge current to phase L3 in the negative half of the intermediate circuit

11 current on phase L 1 12 Current on phase L2 13 Current on phase L3 IR residual current LI phase L2 phase L3 phase N neutral

P_L1 Phase power on phase LI P_L2 Phase power on phase L2 P_L3 Phase power on phase L3 P_ZK Total active power of the intermediate circuit s Time in seconds

Sl, S2 method steps

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Charging station (l) for charging and/or discharging an energy store (110) of an electric vehicle (100) with electrical energy by means of a multi-phase network (120) which can be coupled to the charging station (l), with: one between a number of phases ( LI, L2, L3) of the multi-phase network (120) and a number of output conductors (A1, A2, A3) of the charging station (1) that can be coupled to the energy store (110) and connected converters (10) with a plurality of controllable semiconductor switching elements, and one Control unit (20), which is set up to control the controllable semiconductor switching elements of the converter (10) in such a way that currents (II, 12, 13) with at least two different current intensities, in particular with at least two different RMS values.

2. Charging station according to Claim 1, characterized by an intermediate circuit (30) connected downstream of the converter (10) with a number of intermediate circuit capacitors (31, 32) which are connected to an intermediate circuit center point (33), and a intermediate circuit center point (33) and the neutral conductor (N) of the multi-phase network (120) connecting circuit (40, 50), which is set up to compensate for unbalanced loads due to the currents (II, 12, 13) on the phases (LI, L2, L3). the at least two different current strengths result in the residual current (IR) flowing between the intermediate circuit center point (33) and the neutral conductor (N) of the multi-phase network (120).

3. Charging station according to claim 2, characterized in that the circuit (40, 50) is adapted to the loading of the Energiespei Chers (110) and / or when discharging the energy store (110) as a result of the currents (II, 12, 13) on the phases (LI, L2, L3) with the at least two un ferent current strengths resulting residual current (IR).

4. Charging station according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the converter (10) has three half bridges (11, 12, 13) connected between a positive output conductor (A1) and a negative output conductor (A2) of the charging station (1). , wherein a first (II) of the half-bridges is assigned to a first phase (L1) of the multi-phase network (120), wherein a second (12) of the half-bridges is assigned to a second phase (L2) of the multi-phase network (120) and a third (13) of the half-bridges of a third phase (L3) of the multi-phase network (120) is assigned.

5. Charging station according to claim 4, characterized in that the converter (10) has a balancing device (60) for balancing an intermediate potential of the intermediate circuit (30) of the converter (10).

6. Charging station according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized by a DC/DC converter connected downstream of the intermediate circuit (30) for outputting a stepped-up or step-down DC voltage by means of the positive output conductor (Al) and the negative output conductor (A2) or by means of the positive one Output conductor (Al), the negative output conductor (A2) and the neutral output conductor (A3) to the energy store (110) of Elektrofahrzeu sat (100).

7. Charging station according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that that the circuit (40) has a line (4l) connecting the intermediate circuit center point (33) and the neutral conductor (N) of the polyphase network (120).

8. Charging station according to claim 7, characterized in that a controllable switch (42) is provided in the line (4l) connecting the intermediate circuit center (33) and the neutral conductor (N) of the polyphase network (120).

9. Charging station according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that an EMC filter device (70) and an LCL filter device (80) connected downstream of the EMC filter device (70) are connected between three mains-side connection terminals (91, 92, 93) for the three phases (LI, L2, L3) of the multi-phase network (120) and the three half-bridges (L 1, 12, 13) are coupled.

10. Charging station according to one of Claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the circuit (50) has a fourth half-bridge (14) which is assigned to the neutral conductor (N) of the multi-phase network (120) and is set up to connect the neutral conductor (N) of the multi-phase network (120) via one of the output conductors (A3) to couple to the neutral conductor (N).

11. Charging station according to claim 10, characterized in that the first half-bridge (II), the second half-bridge (12), the third half-bridge (13) and the fourth half-bridge (14) are connected in parallel between the positive output conductor (Al) and the negative Output conductor (A2) of the charging station (l) are connected.

12. Charging station according to claim 11, characterized in that that an EMC filter device (70) and an LCL filter device (80) connected downstream of the EMC filter device (70) between four mains-side connection terminals (91, 92, 93, 94) for the three phases (LI, L2, L3) and the neutral conductor (N) of the polyphase network (120) and the four half-bridges (l 1,

12, 13, 14) are coupled.

13. Charging station according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the circuit (50) is set up to transfer a residual current (IR) designed as a residual current with direct current, in particular a residual current (IR) designed as direct current, between the intermediate circuit center point (33) and the neutral conductor (N) of the multi-phase network (120).

14. Charging station according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the circuit (50) is adapted to a current strength of the currents (II, 12, 13) on the phases (LI, L2, L3) with the at least two un ferent currents resulting residual current (IR) set to regulate in particular special.

15. Charging station according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the converter (10) has a balancing device (60) for balancing an intermediate potential of the intermediate circuit (30) of the converter (10).

16. Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the converter (10) is designed as a 3-point converter.

17. Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 16 characterized in that that the respective controllable semiconductor switching element of the converter (10) is designed as a semiconductor switch, in particular as a transistor, preferably as an SiOMOSFET or as an IGBT.

18. Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the converter (10) is designed as a unidirectional converter.

19. Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the converter (10) is designed as a bidirectional converter.

20. Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the charging station (L) has a communication module which is intended to negotiate a charging plan with charging electronics of the energy store (2) coupled to the charging station.

21. Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that, in order to implement single-phase operation of the charging station (L), a bridging device (131) for connecting a first phase (Ll) and a second phase (L2) of the phases (Ll , L2, L3) and a further bridging device (132) for connecting a third phase (L3) of the phases (Ll, L2, L3) and the neutral conductor (N) are provided.

22. Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that, in order to implement single-phase operation of the charging station (L), a bridging device (133) for connecting a first phase (Ll) and a second phase (L2) of the phases (Ll , L2, L3) and another bridging unit direction (134) for connecting the second phase (L2) and a third phase (L3) of the phases (LI, L2, L3) are provided.

23. System comprising a charging station (l) according to one of claims 1 to 20 and two to the charging station (l) external bridging devices (131,

132) for forming a single-phase operation of the charging station (l), wherein one bridging device (131) is set up for connecting a first phase (L1) and a second phase (L2) of the phases (L1, L2, L3) and the other bridging device (132) for connecting a third phase (L3) of the phases (Ll, L2, L3) and the neutral conductor (N) is set up.

24. System comprising a charging station (l) according to one of claims 1 to 20 and two to the charging station (l) external bridging devices (133,

134) for forming a single-phase operation of the charging station (l), wherein one bridging device (133) is set up for connecting a first phase (L1) and a second phase (L2) of the phases (L1, L2, L3) and the other bridging device (134) is arranged to connect the second phase (L2) and a third phase (L3) of the phases (L1, L2, L3).

25. A method for operating a charging station (l) for charging and/or ^discharging an energy store (110) of an electric vehicle (100) with electrical energy using a multiphase network (120) that can be coupled to the charging station (l), the charging station ( l) one between a number of phases (Ll, L2, L3) of the multiphase network (120) and a number of with the Energiespei ^¬ cher (110) can be coupled output conductors (A1, A2, A3) of the charging station (l) geschal ^¬ ended Converter (10) having a plurality of controllable semiconductor switching elements, with:

Controlling the controllable semiconductor switching elements of the converter (10) in such a way that currents (II, 12, 13) with at least two different current intensities, in particular with at least two different ^effective values, result on the phases (L1, L2, L3).