WO2022206286A1 - 一种无人机外置双频天线及无人机 - Google Patents

一种无人机外置双频天线及无人机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022206286A1
WO2022206286A1 PCT/CN2022/079349 CN2022079349W WO2022206286A1 WO 2022206286 A1 WO2022206286 A1 WO 2022206286A1 CN 2022079349 W CN2022079349 W CN 2022079349W WO 2022206286 A1 WO2022206286 A1 WO 2022206286A1
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Prior art keywords
frequency
frequency oscillator
unmanned aerial
aerial vehicle
low
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PCT/CN2022/079349
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋建平
王建磊
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Autel Robotics Co Ltd
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Autel Robotics Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2022206286A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022206286A1/zh
Priority to US18/375,240 priority Critical patent/US20240030602A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/335—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors at the feed, e.g. for impedance matching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/18—Vertical disposition of the antenna

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular to an unmanned aerial vehicle external dual-frequency antenna and an unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • microstrip antennas are more and more widely used due to their advantages of compact structure, small size, light weight, low cost, and easy integration with microstrip lines.
  • the microstrip antenna is an antenna composed of a conductor patch on a dielectric substrate with a grounding plate. It uses a coaxial line to feed power to excite an electromagnetic field between the conductor patch and the grounding plate, and radiate outward through the gap.
  • UAV external dual-band antennas are generally installed in the tripod, and are generally 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz microstrip antennas. Because the microstrip antennas operating in the low frequency band (such as 900Hz microstrip antennas) are relatively small in size. Due to the size of the tripod, it cannot be installed in the tripod. Although the space size of the UAV arm is larger than that of the UAV tripod, the environment of the UAV arm is more complicated, and it is easy to affect the communication signal of the antenna.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an external dual-frequency antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which has a reasonable circuit layout and can meet the signal coverage of the dual-frequency band.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • An external dual-band antenna for unmanned aerial vehicles comprising:
  • a substrate a low-frequency vibrator area and a high-frequency vibrator area arranged on the front and back sides of the substrate, a feeding coaxial line electrically connected to the low-frequency vibrator area and the high-frequency vibrator area, and the front and back sides of the substrate grounding ends on both sides, the two grounding ends are respectively electrically connected with the feeding ends of the feeding coaxial line;
  • the low-frequency vibrator area or the high-frequency vibrator area is provided with an escape area for setting the feeding coaxial line;
  • the low-frequency vibrator area includes a first low-frequency vibrator area and a second low-frequency vibrator area that are arranged asymmetrically on the front and back sides of the substrate;
  • the high-frequency vibrator area includes a first high-frequency vibrator area and a second high-frequency vibrator area that are asymmetrically arranged on the front and back sides of the substrate.
  • the first low frequency vibrator region and the first high frequency vibrator region are both disposed on the front surface of the substrate, and are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the substrate.
  • the second low frequency vibrator region and the second high frequency vibrator region are both disposed on the opposite side of the substrate, and are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the substrate.
  • the first low frequency oscillator region and the first high frequency oscillator region both include a first microstrip feeder and a second microstrip feeder that are electrically connected to each other, and the first microstrip feeder and the second microstrip feeder Evacuation grooves are provided between the belt feeders.
  • the second microstrip feeder is provided in two and located on both sides of the first microstrip feeder respectively, and the sum of the areas of the two second microstrip feeders is smaller than the total area of the first microstrip feeder.
  • the second low frequency oscillator region and the second high frequency oscillator region both include a third microstrip feeder and a fourth microstrip feeder that are electrically connected to each other, and the third microstrip feeder and the fourth microstrip feeder The void avoidance grooves are opened between the belt feeders.
  • the two fourth microstrip feed lines are located on the same side of the two third microstrip feed lines.
  • the side of the second low frequency oscillator region and the second high frequency oscillator region away from the two third microstrip feed lines is further provided with a mapping sheet, and the mapping sheet and the third microstrip feed line are arranged between the mapping sheet and the third microstrip feed line.
  • the void escape grooves are opened between them.
  • the surface area of the third microstrip feed line is larger than the surface area of the fourth microstrip feed line.
  • An unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the above-mentioned external dual-frequency antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle, a tripod mounted on the external dual-frequency antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and an arm matched with the tripod.
  • the invention discloses an external dual-frequency antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising a substrate, a low-frequency oscillator region and a high-frequency oscillator region arranged on the front and back sides of the substrate, and a low-frequency oscillator region and a high-frequency oscillator region.
  • the feeding coaxial line that is electrically connected, and the grounding ends arranged on the front and back sides of the substrate, the two grounding ends are respectively electrically connected with the feeding end of the feeding coaxial line;
  • the low frequency vibrator area includes a first low frequency vibrator area and a second low frequency vibrator area that are arranged asymmetrically on the front and back sides of the substrate;
  • the UAV external dual-frequency antenna designed with this structure can meet the requirements of relatively high frequency through the first low-frequency oscillator region and the second low-frequency oscillator region, as well as the positive and negative asymmetric arrangement of the first high-frequency oscillator region and the second high-frequency oscillator region.
  • the wiring requirements in a small space make the circuit layout more reasonable, and at the same time, it can also meet the signal coverage of dual frequency bands.
  • Fig. 1 is the front circuit layout diagram of the unmanned aerial vehicle external dual-band antenna provided by the present embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is the reverse circuit layout diagram of the unmanned aerial vehicle external dual-band antenna provided by the present embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the scattering parameters of the drone external dual-frequency antenna provided by the present embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is the antenna pattern of the 2.4GHz frequency band of the external dual-frequency antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle provided by the present embodiment
  • Fig. 5 is the antenna pattern of the 5.8 GHz frequency band of the external dual-frequency antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle provided in this embodiment;
  • FIG. 6 is an axonometric view of an arm, a tripod, and an external dual-frequency antenna of the drone provided by the present embodiment after assembly.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.
  • a first feature "on” or “under” a second feature may include the first and second features in direct contact, or may include the first and second features Not directly but through additional features between them.
  • the first feature being “above”, “over” and “above” the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature is “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • the UAV external dual-frequency antenna provided in this embodiment includes a substrate 1 , a low-frequency oscillator region, a high-frequency oscillator region, a feeding coaxial line 4 , and a ground terminal 5 .
  • the substrate 1 in this embodiment adopts a double-sided panel made of FR-4 material
  • FR-4 is a code name for a flame-resistant material grade, which means that the resin material must be able to A material specification that is extinguished. It is not a material name, but a material grade. Therefore, there are many types of FR-4 grade materials currently used in general circuit boards, but most of them are so-called four-functional.
  • a composite material made of epoxy resin plus filler (Filler) and glass fiber.
  • the low-frequency oscillator region, the high-frequency oscillator region and the grounding terminal 5 are respectively disposed on the front and back sides of the substrate 1 through the copper plate covering the substrate 1. In this way, while satisfying various parameters of the external dual-frequency antenna of the UAV, the circuit layout is more reasonable and compact, and then the utilization rate of the substrate 1 is effectively improved.
  • the above-mentioned low frequency vibrator area in this embodiment includes a first low frequency vibrator area 21 and a second low frequency vibrator area 22 which are arranged asymmetrically on the front and back sides of the substrate 1, and the high frequency vibrator area includes a top and bottom asymmetrically arranged on the front and back sides of the substrate 1.
  • the front side is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the substrate 1; the circuit layout structures of the first low frequency vibrator area 21 and the first high frequency vibrator area 31 after being laid out in this layout are basically the same and both are arranged in a "mountain" shape.
  • a low frequency vibrator area 21 and a first high frequency vibrator area 31 both include a first microstrip feeder 211 and a second microstrip feeder 212 that are electrically connected to each other, and the first microstrip feeder 211 and the second microstrip feeder 212 are opened between There is an escape groove 213.
  • the first low-frequency oscillator region 21 and the first high-frequency oscillator region 31 after the layout are not symmetrical in shape except for the two first microstrip feed lines 211, and the remaining parts are symmetrical along the section of the substrate 1 respectively. set up.
  • This embodiment takes the layout of the first low frequency oscillator region 21 as an example to further illustrate the above circuit layout.
  • the first low frequency oscillator region 21 is provided with a first microstrip feeder 211 along the length direction of the middle of the substrate 1 .
  • the total area of 211 is greater than the sum of the areas of the two second microstrip feeders 212 arranged on both sides of the first microstrip feeder 211 , and the above-mentioned hollow grooves are provided between the two second microstrip feeders 212 and the first microstrip feeder.
  • the total length of the first microstrip feeder 211 is 2.2 to 2.5 times the length of the second microstrip feeder 212, so as to further improve the signal by improving the capacitance characteristics formed by the first microstrip feeder 211 and the second microstrip feeder 212 coverage.
  • the above-mentioned first The low frequency vibrator area 21 is provided with an avoidance area 2111 along the length direction of the substrate 1, and the feeding coaxial line 4 is erected along the avoidance area 2111.
  • the influence of the resonant wave, and it is convenient to fix the feeding coaxial line 4, and the foam 6 is also arranged between the feeding coaxial line 4 and the substrate 1, so that the feeding of the feeding coaxial line 4 erected in this way
  • the end, that is, the tail of the feeding coaxial line 4 is electrically connected to the two grounding terminals 5 arranged on the front and back sides of the substrate 1; preferably, the inner conductor in the head of the feeding coaxial line 4 is electrically connected to the above-mentioned low-frequency vibrator area.
  • the outer conductor is electrically connected to the above-mentioned high-frequency vibrator region.
  • the second low-frequency oscillator region 22 and the second high-frequency oscillator region 32 are both disposed on the reverse side of the substrate 1, and are also spaced along the length direction of the substrate 1, and the second low-frequency oscillator region 22 and
  • the layout structure of the second high-frequency oscillator region 32 is basically the same, and both the second low-frequency oscillator region 22 and the second high-frequency oscillator region 32 include a third microstrip feeder 221 and a fourth microstrip feeder 222 that are electrically connected to each other.
  • a hollow slot 213 is defined between the three microstrip feeders 221 and the fourth microstrip feeder 222 , and the two fourth microstrip feeders 222 are located on the same side of the two third microstrip feeders 221 .
  • This embodiment takes the second low-frequency oscillator region 22 as an example.
  • a fourth microstrip feeder 222 is arranged on one side of the third microstrip feeder 221 , and the third microstrip feeder 221 and the fourth microstrip feeder 222 share the same
  • the second low frequency oscillator region 22 and the second high frequency oscillator region 32 arranged in the above-mentioned manner, except that the shapes of the two third microstrip feed lines 221 are asymmetric, the remaining parts are respectively symmetrical along the cross section of the substrate 1 . set up.
  • the second low-frequency oscillator region 22 in the above embodiment is formed by mirroring the first low-frequency oscillator region 21.
  • one second microstrip feeder 212 is missing;
  • the second high-frequency oscillator region 32 is formed by mirroring the first high-frequency oscillator region 31 .
  • the external dual-band antenna of the UAV set with the above structure can solve the problem of difficult wiring due to the limitation of the size of the tripod 7 in the prior art, and the laid circuit can satisfy the dual-band frequency of 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz to the greatest extent.
  • Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5 are the measured scattering parameter schematic diagram and antenna pattern when the antenna operates in the two frequency bands of 2.39GHz to 2.65GHz and 5.53GHz to 6GHz.
  • the present embodiment also provides an unmanned aerial vehicle, which includes the above-mentioned external dual-frequency antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and a tripod 7 sleeved with the external dual-frequency antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle. , and the arm 8 matched with the tripod 7 .
  • the drone using the above-mentioned external dual-frequency antenna of the drone can effectively meet the dual-frequency requirements of the drone when the space of the tripod 7 is limited by the setting of the external dual-frequency antenna of the drone signal coverage of the frequency band.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

一种无人机外置双频天线及无人机，天线包括基板（1）、低频振子区和高频振子区、馈电同轴线（4）、以及接地端（5），两接地端（5）分别与馈电同轴线（4）的馈电端电连接；低频振子区或高频振子区设置有用于设置馈电同轴线（4）的避让区（2111）；低频振子区包括上下非对称设置于基板（1）正反两面的第一低频振子区（21）和第二低频振子区（22）；高频振子区包括上下非对称设置于基板（1）正反两面的第一高频振子区（31）和第二高频振子区（32）。以此结构设计的无人机外置双频天线，能够满足较小空间内的布线需求，使得线路布局更加合理，同时还能够满足2.4GHz及5.8GHz双频段的信号覆盖。

Description

一种无人机外置双频天线及无人机
本申请要求于2021年03月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为2021103412499、申请名称为“一种无人机外置双频天线及无人机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及无人机技术领域，尤其涉及一种无人机外置双频天线及无人机。
背景技术
随着无线通信的飞速发展，各种数据业务的需求，天线设计主要朝着小型化、多频段及宽频带发展。微带天线由于具有结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、成本低、易于与微带线路集成等优点，得到越来越广泛的应用。微带天线是在带有接地板的介质基板上贴导体贴片所构成的天线，利用同轴线馈电，使导体贴片和接地板间激励起电磁场，利用缝隙向外辐射。
现有的无人机外置双频天线，一般设置在脚架内，而且一般为2.4GHz和5.8GHz微带天线，由于工作在低频段的微带天线(例如900Hz微带天线)的尺寸较大，受脚架的尺寸限制，无法设置在脚架内。无人机机臂虽然空间尺寸相对无人机脚架要大，但无人机机臂环境较复杂，容易影响天线的通信信号。
因此，对于本领域技术人员来说，亟需实现一种既可以解决空间尺寸问题又可以解决环境干扰问题的无人机外置双频天线。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无人机外置双频天线，该无人机外置双频天线线路布局合理，能够满足双频段的信号覆盖。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：
一种无人机外置双频天线，包括：
基板、设置于所述基板正反两面的低频振子区和高频振子区、与所述低频振子区和所述高频振子区电连接的馈电同轴线、以及设置于所述基板正反两面的接地端，两所述接地端分别与所述馈电同轴线的馈电端电连接；
所述低频振子区或所述高频振子区设置有用于设置所述馈电同轴线的避让区；
所述低频振子区包括上下非对称设置于所述基板正反两面的第一低频振子区和第二低频振子区；
所述高频振子区包括上下非对称设置于所述基板正反两面的第一高频振子区和第二高频振子区。
其中，所述第一低频振子区和所述第一高频振子区均设置于所述基板的正面，且沿所述基板的长度方向间隔设置。
其中，所述第二低频振子区和所述第二高频振子区均设置于所述基板的反面，且沿所述基板的长度方向间隔设置。
其中，所述第一低频振子区和所述第一高频振子区均包括相互电连接的第一微带馈线和第二微带馈线，且所述第一微带馈线和所述第二微带馈线之间开设有避空槽。
其中，所述第二微带馈线设置为两条且分别位于所述第一微带馈线的两侧，两所述第二微带馈线的面积总和小于所述第一微带馈线的总面积。
其中，所述第二低频振子区和所述第二高频振子区均包括相互电连接的第三微带馈线和第四微带馈线，且所述第三微带馈线和所述第四微带馈线之间开 设有所述避空槽。
其中，两所述第四微带馈线均位于两所述第三微带馈线的同一侧。
其中，所述第二低频振子区和所述第二高频振子区远离两条所述第三微带馈线的一侧还设置有映射片，所述映射片和所述第三微带馈线之间开设有所述避空槽。
其中，所述第三微带馈线的表面积大于所述第四微带馈线的表面积。
一种无人机，包括上述无人机外置双频天线、套设于所述无人机外置双频天线的脚架、以及与所述脚架相配合的机臂。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明公开了一种无人机外置双频天线，包括基板、设置于基板正反两面的低频振子区和高频振子区、与低频振子区和高频振子区电连接的馈电同轴线、以及设置于基板正反两面的接地端，两接地端分别与馈电同轴线的馈电端电连接；低频振子区或高频振子区设置有用于设置馈电同轴线的避让区；低频振子区包括上下非对称设置于基板正反两面的第一低频振子区和第二低频振子区；高频振子区包括上下非对称设置于基板正反两面的第一高频振子区和第二高频振子区。以此结构设计的无人机外置双频天线，通过第一低频振子区和第二低频振子区，以及第一高频振子区和第二高频振子区正反非对称设置，能够满足较小空间内的布线需求，使得线路布局更加合理，同时还能够满足双频段的信号覆盖。
附图说明
图1是本实施例提供的无人机外置双频天线的正面线路布局图；
图2是本实施例提供的无人机外置双频天线的反面线路布局图；
图3是本实施例提供的无人机外置双频天线的散射参数示意图；
图4是本实施例提供的无人机外置双频天线2.4GHz频段的天线方向图；
图5是本实施例提供的无人机外置双频天线5.8GHz频段的天线方向图；
图6是本实施例提供的无人机的机臂、脚架及无人机外置双频天线装配后的轴测图。
图中：
1、基板；
21、第一低频振子区；211、第一微带馈线；2111、避让区；212、第二微带馈线；213、避空槽；22、第二低频振子区；221、第三微带馈线；222、第四微带馈线；223、映射片；
31、第一高频振子区；32、第二高频振子区；
4、馈电同轴线；5、接地端；6、泡棉；7、脚架；8、机臂。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，而非对本发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部结构。
在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“右”、等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
图1是本实施例提供的一种无人机外置双频天线的正面图，图2是本实施例提供的一种无人机外置双频天线的反面图；结合图1和图2所示，本实施例提供的无人机外置双频天线包括基板1、低频振子区、高频振子区、馈电同轴线4、接地端5几部分。
具体的，作为优选，本实施例中的基板1采用FR-4材质制成的双面板，(FR-4是一种耐燃材料等级的代号，所代表的意思是树脂材料经过燃烧状态必须能够自行熄灭的一种材料规格，它不是一种材料名称，而是一种材料等级，因此目前一般电路板所用的FR-4等级材料就有非常多的种类，但是多数都是以所谓的四功能的环氧树脂加上填充剂(Filler)以及玻璃纤维所做出的复合材料。)低频振子区、高频振子区及接地端5分别通过覆设于基板1的铜板设置于基板1的 正反两面，以此在满足无人机外置双频天线各项参数的同时，使得线路布设更合理，更紧凑，继而有效提升基板1利用率。
更进一步具体的，本实施例中的上述低频振子区包括上下非对称设置于基板1正反两面的第一低频振子区21和第二低频振子区22，高频振子区包括上下非对称设置于基板1正反两面的第一高频振子区31和第二高频振子区32；作为优选，本实施例中的第一低频振子区21和第一高频振子区31均设置于基板1的正面，且沿基板1的长度方向间隔设置；以此布局方式布设后的第一低频振子区21和第一高频振子区31的线路布设结构基本相同且均呈“山”字型布设，第一低频振子区21和第一高频振子区31均包括相互电连接的第一微带馈线211和第二微带馈线212，且第一微带馈线211和第二微带馈线212之间开设有避空槽213，结合图1所示，布设后的第一低频振子区21和第一高频振子区31除了两第一微带馈线211形状不对称外，剩余部分分别沿基板1截面对称设置。
本实施例以第一低频振子区21的布设为例对上述线路布设做进一步的说明，第一低频振子区21沿基板1中部的长度方向设置有第一微带馈线211，第一微带馈线211的总面积大于布设于第一微带馈线211两侧的两第二微带馈线212的面积和，且两第二微带馈线212与第一微带馈线之间均设置有上述避空槽213，且第一微带馈线211的总长是第二微带馈线212长度的2.2～2.5倍，以此通过改善第一微带馈线211与第二微带馈线212形成的电容特点进一步的改善信号覆盖率。
更进一步的，本实施例中为了方便馈电同轴线4的架设，减少馈电同轴线4对上述低频振子区和高频振子区的影响，作为优选，本实施例中在上述第一低频振子区21沿基板1长度方向设置有避让区2111，馈电同轴线4沿避让区 2111架设，为了增加馈电同轴线4与下方基板1之间的间隙，有效的降低信号传输对谐振波的影响，且便于馈电同轴线4的固定，馈电同轴线4的与基板1之间还设置有泡棉6，以此方式架设后的馈电同轴线4的馈电端，也即馈电同轴线4的尾部与设置于基板1正反两面的两接地端5电连接；作为优选，馈电同轴线4的首部中的内导体与上述低频振子区电连接，外导体与上述高频振子区电连接。
更进一步的，本实施例中的上述第二低频振子区22和第二高频振子区32均设置于基板1的反面，也沿基板1的长度方向间隔设置，且第二低频振子区22和第二高频振子区32的布设结构基本相同，且第二低频振子区22和第二高频振子区32均包括相互电连接的第三微带馈线221和第四微带馈线222，且第三微带馈线221和第四微带馈线222之间开设有避空槽213，两第四微带馈线222均位于两第三微带馈线221的同一侧。
本实施例以第二低频振子区22为例，作为优选，第三微带馈线221一侧布设有第四微带馈线222，且第三微带馈线221和第四微带馈线222之间共用上述避空槽213，此外，在第三微带馈线221远离第四微带馈线222的一侧还设置有映射片223，映射片223与第三微带馈线221之间开设有避空槽213，以此方式布设后的第三微带馈线221的表面积大于第四微带馈线222的表面积。结合图2所示，采用上述方式布设后的第二低频振子区22和第二高频振子区32，除两条第三微带馈线221的形状不对称外，剩余部分分别沿基板1截面对称设置。
此外作为优选，上述实施例中的第二低频振子区22通过第一低频振子区21镜像而成，与第一低频振子区21的线路布置相比，少了一条第二微带馈线212；以此类似的，第二高频振子区32通过第一高频振子区31镜像而成，与第一高 频振子区31的线路布置相比，同样也少了一条第二微带馈线212。
采用上述结构设置的无人机外置双频天线，能够解决现有技术下受脚架7尺寸限制，导致布线困难的问题，而且布设后的线路能够最大程度的满足2.4GHz及5.8GHz双频段的信号覆盖，图3、图4及图5是测得的天线在2.39GHz～2.65GHz、5.53GHz～6GHz两频段工作时的散射参数示意图及天线方向图。
此外，结合图6所示，本实施例还提供了一种无人机，该无人机包括上述无人机外置双频天线、套设与无人机外置双频天线的脚架7、以及与脚架7相配合的机臂8。采用上述无人机外置双频天线设置的无人机，该无人机通过无人机外置双频天线的设置，能够在脚架7空间有限的情况下，有效满足无人机的双频段的信号覆盖。
注意，上述仅为本发明的较佳实施例及所运用技术原理。本领域技术人员会理解，本发明不限于这里的特定实施例，对本领域技术人员来说能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整和替代而不会脱离本发明的保护范围。因此，虽然通过以上实施例对本发明进行了较为详细的说明，但是本发明不仅仅限于以上实施例，在不脱离本发明构思的情况下，还可以包括更多其他等效实施例，而本发明的范围由所附的权利要求范围决定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无人机外置双频天线，其特征在于，包括基板(1)、设置于所述基板(1)正反两面的低频振子区和高频振子区、与所述低频振子区和所述高频振子区电连接的馈电同轴线(4)、以及设置于所述基板(1)正反两面的接地端(5)，两所述接地端(5)分别与所述馈电同轴线(4)的馈电端电连接；所述低频振子区或所述高频振子区设置有用于设置所述馈电同轴线(4)的避让区(2111)；所述低频振子区包括上下非对称设置于所述基板(1)正反两面的第一低频振子区(21)和第二低频振子区(22)；所述高频振子区包括上下非对称设置于所述基板(1)正反两面的第一高频振子区(31)和第二高频振子区(32)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无人机外置双频天线，其特征在于，所述第一低频振子区(21)和所述第一高频振子区(31)均设置于所述基板(1)的正面，且沿所述基板(1)的长度方向间隔设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无人机外置双频天线，其特征在于，所述第二低频振子区(22)和所述第二高频振子区(32)均设置于所述基板(1)的反面，且沿所述基板(1)的长度方向间隔设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无人机外置双频天线，其特征在于，所述第一低频振子区(21)和所述第一高频振子区(31)均包括相互电连接的第一微带馈线(211)和第二微带馈线(212)，且所述第一微带馈线(211)和所述第二微带馈线(212)之间开设有避空槽(213)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种无人机外置双频天线，其特征在于，所述第二微带馈线(212)设置为两条且分别位于所述第一微带馈线(211)的两侧，两所述第二微带馈线(212)的面积总和小于所述第一微带馈线(211)的总面积。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种无人机外置双频天线，其特征在于，所述第二 低频振子区(22)和所述第二高频振子区(32)均包括相互电连接的第三微带馈线(221)和第四微带馈线(222)，且所述第三微带馈线(221)和所述第四微带馈线(222)之间开设有所述避空槽(213)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种无人机外置双频天线，其特征在于，两所述第四微带馈线(222)均位于两所述第三微带馈线(221)的同一侧。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种无人机外置双频天线，其特征在于，所述第二低频振子区(22)和所述第二高频振子区(32)远离两条所述第三微带馈线(221)的一侧还设置有映射片(223)，所述映射片(223)和所述第三微带馈线(221)之间开设有所述避空槽(213)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种无人机外置双频天线，其特征在于，所述第三微带馈线(221)的表面积大于所述第四微带馈线(222)的表面积。
  10. 一种无人机，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至9任意一项所述的无人机外置双频天线、套设于所述无人机外置双频天线的脚架(7)、以及与所述脚架(7)相配合的机臂(8)。
PCT/CN2022/079349 2021-03-30 2022-03-04 一种无人机外置双频天线及无人机 Ceased WO2022206286A1 (zh)

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