WO2022205498A1 - Depletion agent and method for copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing slag - Google Patents

Depletion agent and method for copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing slag Download PDF

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WO2022205498A1
WO2022205498A1 PCT/CN2021/086536 CN2021086536W WO2022205498A1 WO 2022205498 A1 WO2022205498 A1 WO 2022205498A1 CN 2021086536 W CN2021086536 W CN 2021086536W WO 2022205498 A1 WO2022205498 A1 WO 2022205498A1
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slag
copper
smelting
nickel
blowing
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张力
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东北大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04—Working-up slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0054—Slag, slime, speiss, or dross treating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

A depletion agent and method for copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing slag. The present invention belongs to the fields of environment, copper-nickel metallurgy, and resource comprehensive utilization. In the method, a novel depletion agent is added to different combinations of copper-nickel smelting slag in a depletion electric furnace, a settling electric furnace, a depletion area, a settling area, a front bed or a slag ladle in a copper-nickel smelting process, so as to promote the growth and sedimentation of copper-nickel-cobalt components and the growth of magnetite, so that not only can the depletion effect of a fire method be improved, but flotation indexes can also be increased, and the depleted slag can be directly used as a raw material for iron-making or a raw material for flotation or magnetic separation or a cement. The novel depletion agent has the advantages of a large specific gravity, reaction controllability, a small addition amount, no need of heating, no need of added equipment, being clean, low costs, a good depletion effect, etc., and is a complex depletion agent.

Description

一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化药剂及方法A kind of depletion agent and method for copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag 技术领域technical field
本发明属于环境、铜镍冶金与资源综合利用领域，具体涉及一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法。The invention belongs to the fields of environment, copper-nickel metallurgy and comprehensive utilization of resources, and particularly relates to a novel depletion agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and a method for application thereof.
背景技术Background technique
铜镍硫化矿火法冶炼过程中，产生铜冶炼渣与镍冶炼渣，每年排放量高达4000万吨，含有较高含量铜镍。铜冶炼渣分为熔炼渣、吹炼渣及精炼渣，镍冶炼渣分为熔炼渣、吹炼渣。During the pyrometallurgical smelting of copper-nickel sulfide ores, copper smelting slag and nickel smelting slag are produced, and the annual emission is as high as 40 million tons, which contains high content of copper and nickel. Copper smelting slag is divided into smelting slag, blowing slag and refining slag, and nickel smelting slag is divided into smelting slag and blowing slag.
铜熔炼采用选矿法与火法贫化法处理，吹炼渣采用选矿法，火法贫化法向熔炼渣中加入煤、硫化剂、CaO、B 2O 3等，或喷入搅拌，指标为：渣含铜为0.45~0.5wt%。缺点在于：①贫化效果差，渣含铜高，铁组分难以利用；②药剂加入量大（＞2wt%），成本高；③贫化温度高（1200~1450℃），电耗大；④药剂含有有害组分，影响贫化尾渣利用。贫化效果差的主要原因在于煤、焦炭等还原剂比重小，漂浮在熔渣表面，难以与熔渣发生反应，贫化效果差。 Copper smelting is treated by beneficiation method and pyrolytic depletion method. Blowing smelting slag is treated by beneficiation method, and pyrolytic depletion method is used to add coal, vulcanizing agent, CaO, B2O3 , etc. : The copper content of the slag is 0.45~0.5wt%. The disadvantages are: (1) poor depletion effect, high copper content in slag, and iron components are difficult to use; (2) large amount of chemicals added (>2wt%), high cost; (3) high depletion temperature (1200~1450℃), high power consumption; ④ The chemical contains harmful components, which affects the utilization of the depleted tailings. The main reason for the poor depletion effect is that the specific gravity of reducing agents such as coal and coke is small, floating on the surface of the slag, and it is difficult to react with the slag, resulting in poor depletion effect.
铜选矿法采用浮选进行处理，浮选指标为：渣含铜为0.23~0.35wt%。选矿法技术指标好于火法贫化，大多数铜冶炼企业选用选矿法作为处离工艺。缺点在于：①缓冷渣化学活性低，无法作为水泥原料，只能堆放；②尾矿粒度细（≤38μm），随风飘散，污染大，堆放困难。The copper beneficiation method is treated by flotation, and the flotation index is: the copper content of the slag is 0.23~0.35wt%. The technical indicators of the mineral processing method are better than those of the pyrolysis method, and most copper smelting enterprises choose the mineral processing method as the separation process. The disadvantages are: ① the chemical activity of slow-cooling slag is low, so it cannot be used as a cement raw material and can only be stacked; ② the tailings have fine particle size (≤38μm), drift with the wind, cause great pollution, and are difficult to stack.
镍熔炼渣用火法贫化法进行处理，吹炼渣用火法贫化法或返回熔炼系统上矿处理，镍冶炼渣贫化指标为：渣含铜为0.05~0.4wt%，渣含镍为0.1~0.4wt%，渣含钴为0.1~0.4wt%，尾渣水淬后用作水泥原料。火法贫化的缺点与铜冶炼贫化法的缺点相同。The nickel smelting slag is treated by the pyrolysis method, and the blowing smelting slag is treated by the pyrolysis method or returning to the smelting system for ore treatment. The nickel smelting slag depletion index is: the copper content of the slag is 0.05~0.4wt%, and the slag contains nickel. It is 0.1~0.4wt%, the cobalt content of the slag is 0.1~0.4wt%, and the tailings are used as cement raw materials after water quenching. The disadvantages of the pyrolysis method are the same as those of the copper smelting method.
镍吹炼渣返回熔炼系统上矿的优点是：铜镍钴收率高。缺点是：①四氧化三铁含量高，给镍熔炼带来困难；②熔点高，燃料消耗大，成本高；③影响铜镍产量。The advantage of returning nickel smelting slag to the smelting system is that the yield of copper, nickel and cobalt is high. The disadvantages are: ① high content of ferric oxide, which brings difficulties to nickel smelting; ② high melting point, high fuel consumption and high cost; ③ affects the output of copper and nickel.
针对上述问题，必须开发铜镍冶炼新型贫化药剂及应用新技术，满足如下要求：（1）贫化药剂比重大，贫化效果好（渣含铜≤0.30wt%）；（2）贫化药剂加入量小（≤2.0wt%），药剂成本低；（3）贫化温度低，无需加热；（4）不影响贫化后尾渣利用；（5）同时应用于熔炼与吹炼渣；（6）利用现有冶炼工序的设备，无需增加新设备，降低渣含铜镍钴，实现铁组分利用；（7）也能应用于浮选工艺，促进铜组分长大与沉降，进一步降低渣含铜。In view of the above problems, it is necessary to develop new depletion reagents and new application technologies for copper-nickel smelting to meet the following requirements: (1) the proportion of depletion reagents is large, and the depletion effect is good (the copper content in the slag is ≤ 0.30wt%); (2) the depletion The dosage of the agent is small (≤2.0wt%), and the cost of the agent is low; (3) The depletion temperature is low, and no heating is required; (4) It does not affect the utilization of the depleted tailings; (5) It is used in both smelting and blowing slag; (6) Utilize the equipment of the existing smelting process without adding new equipment, reduce the copper, nickel and cobalt content in the slag, and realize the utilization of iron components; (7) It can also be applied to the flotation process to promote the growth and sedimentation of copper components, further Reduce slag copper content.
技术问题technical problem
针对现有技术存在的问题，提供了一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法。该方法向铜镍冶炼工序的贫化电炉、沉降电炉、贫化区、沉降区、前床或渣包里不同组合的铜镍熔炼熔渣中，加入新型贫化药剂，促进铜镍钴组分长大、沉降及磁铁矿长大，既可以改善火法贫化效果，又可以提高浮选指标，贫化后熔渣可以直接作为炼铁的原料或浮选或磁选或水泥的原料。新型贫化药剂具有比重大、反应可控、加入量小、无需加热、无需增加设备、清洁、成本低、贫化效果好等优点，是复合型贫化药剂。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, a new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing slag and an application method are provided. The method adds a new type of depletion agent to the copper-nickel smelting slag of different combinations in the depletion electric furnace, the settling electric furnace, the depletion zone, the settling zone, the front bed or the slag bag in the copper-nickel smelting process to promote the composition of copper, nickel and cobalt. Growth, sedimentation and growth of magnetite can not only improve the effect of pyrolysis, but also improve the flotation index. The depleted slag can be directly used as raw material for iron making or flotation or magnetic separation or cement. The new depletion agent has the advantages of large specific gravity, controllable reaction, small addition, no heating, no need to increase equipment, clean, low cost, good depletion effect, etc. It is a compound depletion agent.
该方法反应贫化效果好、直接利用现有铜镍冶炼工序的设备与熔渣、无需增加设备与加热、生产成本低、流程短、处理量大、环境友好、经济收益高、可有效解决环境污染、热能与资源高效利用等问题，实现铜镍冶炼熔渣中铜镍钴在线贫化及铁组分利用。The method has good reaction depletion effect, directly utilizes the equipment and slag of the existing copper-nickel smelting process, does not need to increase equipment and heating, has low production cost, short process, large processing capacity, environmental friendliness, high economic benefits, and can effectively solve environmental problems. To solve the problems of pollution, efficient utilization of heat energy and resources, realize online depletion of copper, nickel and cobalt and utilization of iron components in copper-nickel smelting slag.
技术解决方案technical solutions
一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化药剂，所述贫化药剂为比重大于2.6g/cm 3的铁合金、燃煤炉渣、煤矸石、粉煤灰、碳化物、气化灰渣、油页岩、油页岩渣中的一种或两种以上组合。 A depletion agent for copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag, the depletion agent is ferroalloy, coal - fired slag, coal gangue, fly ash, carbide, gas with a specific gravity greater than 2.6g/cm One or more combinations of ash residue, oil shale, and oil shale residue.
一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化方法，具体包括以下步骤：A method for depleting copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag, specifically comprising the following steps:
步骤1，贫化药剂在线加入不同组合的熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣：Step 1, adding different combinations of smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag online with the dilution agent:
向铜镍冶炼工序的贫化电炉、熔炼炉沉降电炉、熔炼炉贫化区、熔炼炉沉降区、熔炼炉前床或渣包中不同组合的铜冶炼熔渣和/或镍冶炼熔渣中，在线加入贫化药剂，进行贫化处理；To the copper-nickel smelting process of the depleted electric furnace, smelting furnace settling electric furnace, smelting furnace depletion zone, smelting furnace settling zone, smelting furnace front bed or slag ladle in different combinations of copper smelting slag and/or nickel smelting slag, Add depletion agent online for depletion treatment;
所述铜冶炼熔渣为铜熔炼熔渣、铜吹炼熔渣中的一种或两种混合；所述铜熔炼熔渣与铜吹炼熔渣组成的混合熔渣中，铜吹炼熔渣的加入比例≤30wt%；The copper smelting slag is one or a mixture of copper smelting slag and copper blowing slag; in the mixed slag composed of the copper smelting slag and the copper blowing slag, the copper blowing smelting slag is The addition ratio of ≤30wt%;
所述镍冶炼熔渣为镍熔炼熔渣、镍吹炼熔渣中的一种或两种混合；所述镍熔炼熔渣与镍吹炼熔渣组成的混合熔渣中，镍吹炼熔渣的加入比例≤50wt%；The nickel smelting slag is one or both of nickel smelting slag and nickel blowing slag; The addition ratio of ≤50wt%;
所述贫化药剂的比重大于2.6g/cm 3； The specific gravity of the depleted medicament is greater than 2.6g/cm 3 ;
步骤2，铜镍钴组分长大、沉降与磁铁矿长大：Step 2, growth, sedimentation and magnetite growth of copper-nickel-cobalt components:
经过贫化处理后，富铜组分或富铜镍钴组分长大、沉降，沉积到底部，获得底部的富铜熔体或富铜镍钴熔体以及中上部的贫化熔渣；所述底部的富铜熔体由铜冶炼熔渣长大与沉降获得，所述底部的富铜镍钴熔体由镍冶炼熔渣长大与沉降获得；所述中上部的贫化熔渣中磁铁矿相实现长大；After the depletion treatment, the copper-rich component or the copper-rich nickel-cobalt component grows, settles, and deposits to the bottom to obtain the copper-rich melt or copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt at the bottom and the depleted slag at the middle and upper part; The copper-rich melt at the bottom is obtained from the growth and settlement of copper smelting slag, and the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt at the bottom is obtained from the growth and settlement of nickel smelting slag; The iron ore phase realizes growth;
步骤3，贫化沉降后底部的熔体与中上部的贫化熔渣的处理：Step 3, treatment of the melt at the bottom and the depleted slag at the middle and upper part after depletion and settlement:
A．镍冶炼熔渣与熔体的处理：A. Treatment of nickel smelting slag and melt:
①镍冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，不包括对渣包的处理，富铜镍钴熔体直接送往吹炼炉；中上部的贫化熔渣直接作为炼铁的原料，或水淬后作为水泥的原料，或作为除锈剂；①After the nickel smelting slag is depleted and settled, excluding the treatment of the slag ladle, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt is directly sent to the blowing furnace; the depleted slag in the middle and upper parts is directly used as the raw material for iron smelting, or after water quenching Raw material for cement, or as a rust remover;
②渣包内的镍冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，缓冷至室温，底部的富铜镍钴相送往吹炼炉，中上部的炉渣返回熔炼炉上矿或作为建筑材料；②After the nickel smelting smelting slag in the slag bag is depleted and settled, it is slowly cooled to room temperature, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase at the bottom is sent to the blowing furnace, and the slag in the middle and upper part is returned to the smelting furnace for ore or as a building material;
B．铜冶炼熔渣与熔体的处理：b. Treatment of copper smelting slag and melt:
①铜冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，不包括对渣包的处理，富铜熔体直接送往吹炼炉；中上部的贫化熔渣直接作为炼铁的原料，或直接水淬后作为水泥的原料，或作为除锈剂，或倒入渣包缓冷后作为作为浮选和/或磁选工艺中的原料；①After the copper smelting slag is depleted and settled, excluding the treatment of the slag bag, the copper-rich melt is directly sent to the blowing furnace; the depleted slag in the middle and upper parts is directly used as the raw material for iron making, or directly after water quenching as cement raw material, or as a rust remover, or as a raw material in flotation and/or magnetic separation process after being poured into the slag bag and slowly cooled;
②渣包内的铜冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，缓冷至室温，底部的富铜相送往吹炼炉，中上部的炉渣作为浮选和/或磁选工艺中的原料。②After the copper smelting slag in the slag bag is depleted and settled, it is slowly cooled to room temperature, the copper-rich phase at the bottom is sent to the blowing furnace, and the slag in the middle and upper part is used as the raw material in the flotation and/or magnetic separation process.
进一步地，所述贫化药剂为铁合金、燃煤炉渣、煤矸石、粉煤灰、碳化物、气化灰渣、油页岩、油页岩渣中的一种或两种以上组合；以总熔渣为100wt%计，所述贫化药剂加入量≤2.0wt%；贫化药剂的粒度为30μm~4mm。Further, the depletion agent is one or more combinations of ferroalloy, coal-fired slag, coal gangue, fly ash, carbide, gasification ash, oil shale, and oil shale slag; When the slag is 100wt%, the added amount of the depletion agent is ≤2.0wt%; the particle size of the depletion agent is 30 μm~4mm.
进一步地，向所述贫化药剂中加入高炉渣、钢渣、TiO 2、FeO、SiO 2、CaCO 3、CaO中的一种或两种以上组合。 Further, one or more combinations of blast furnace slag, steel slag, TiO 2 , FeO, SiO 2 , CaCO 3 , and CaO are added to the depletion agent.
进一步地，所述的碳化物为碳化铁、碳化锰、碳化铬、碳化钛、碳化硅、碳化钒中的一种或两种以上组合；所述铁合金为硅铁、硅锰、硅钙铁、硅铝铁、硅钙铝铁、硅碳铁、硅碳合金中的一种或两种以上组合。Further, the carbide is one or more combinations of iron carbide, manganese carbide, chromium carbide, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, and vanadium carbide; the iron alloy is ferrosilicon, silicon manganese, silicon calcium iron, One or more combinations of silicon aluminum iron, silicon calcium aluminum iron, silicon carbon iron and silicon carbon alloy.
进一步地，所述在线加入是指：直接对铜镍冶炼生产线上的熔渣进行处理，无需冷却与加热，无需增加设备，直接加入贫化电炉、熔炼炉沉降电炉、熔炼炉贫化区、熔炼炉沉降区、熔炼炉前床或渣包中的熔体或熔渣中；或者直接加入流向贫化电炉、熔炼炉沉降电炉、熔炼炉贫化区、熔炼炉沉降区、熔炼炉前床或渣包的渣流或溜槽中，随着熔体或熔渣一起加入；所述的熔体是指冰铜与熔渣的混合物；所述铜镍冶炼工序为铜镍熔炼工序、吹炼炉工序、沉降或贫化工序。Further, the online addition refers to: directly processing the slag on the copper-nickel smelting production line, without cooling and heating, without adding equipment, directly adding the depletion electric furnace, the smelting furnace sedimentation electric furnace, the smelting furnace depletion zone, and the smelting furnace. into the melt or slag in the furnace settling zone, smelting furnace front bed or slag ladle; or directly added to the flow to the depleted electric furnace, smelting furnace settling electric furnace, smelting furnace depletion zone, smelting furnace settling zone, smelting furnace front bed or slag In the slag flow or chute of the bag, it is added together with the melt or slag; the melt refers to the mixture of matte and slag; the copper-nickel smelting process is a copper-nickel smelting process, a blowing furnace process, Settling or depletion process.
进一步地，所述组合方式中，贫化效果排序为铜熔炼熔渣与铜吹炼熔渣＞单一铜熔炼熔渣＞单一铜吹炼熔渣；镍熔炼熔渣与镍吹炼熔渣＞单一镍熔炼熔渣＞单一镍吹炼熔渣。Further, in the combination mode, the depletion effect is ranked as copper smelting slag and copper blowing slag>single copper smelting slag>single copper blowing slag; nickel smelting slag and nickel blowing slag>single Nickel smelting slag > single nickel blowing slag.
进一步地，步骤2中：熔炼与吹炼混合熔渣情况下，铜冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔渣中渣含铜≤0.33wt%；单一熔炼熔渣情况下，铜冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔渣中渣含铜≤0.37wt%；单一吹炼熔渣情况下，铜冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔渣中渣含铜≤0.80wt%。Further, in step 2: in the case of smelting and blowing mixed slag, after the copper smelting slag is depleted and settled, the slag in the depleted slag in the middle and upper part contains copper≤0.33wt%; in the case of a single smelting slag, copper After the smelting slag is depleted and settled, the copper content in the depleted slag in the middle and upper parts is ≤0.37wt%; in the case of single blowing slag, after the copper smelting slag is depleted and settled, the slag in the depleted slag in the middle and upper part is ≤0.37wt%. Copper content≤0.80wt%.
进一步地，步骤2中：熔炼与吹炼混合熔渣情况下，镍冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔中渣含铜≤0.18wt%，渣含镍为≤0.20wt%，渣含钴为≤0.25wt%；单一熔炼熔渣情况下，镍冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔中渣含铜为≤0.2wt%，渣含镍为≤0.25wt%，渣含钴为≤0.27wt%；单一吹炼熔渣情况下，镍冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔中，渣含铜≤0.25wt%，渣含镍≤0.90wt%，渣含钴为≤0.38wt%。Further, in step 2: in the case of smelting and blowing mixed slag, after the nickel smelting slag is depleted and settled, the depleted slag in the middle and upper part contains ≤0.18wt% of copper, and the slag contains ≤0.20wt% of nickel, The cobalt content of the slag is ≤0.25wt%; in the case of a single smelting slag, after the nickel smelting slag is depleted and settled, the copper content of the depleted slag in the middle and upper part is ≤0.2wt%, and the nickel content of the slag is ≤0.25wt%. The cobalt content of the slag is ≤0.27wt%; in the case of a single blowing smelting slag, after the nickel smelting slag is depleted and settled, in the depleted smelting of the middle and upper part, the copper content of the slag is ≤0.25wt%, and the nickel content of the slag is ≤0.90wt%. The cobalt content of the slag is ≤0.38wt%.
进一步地，步骤3A②中的熔渣缓冷后，富铜镍钴熔体长大，富铜镍钴熔体的平均晶粒度≥40μm，晶粒度大于38μm富铜镍钴熔体的体积分数占整个铜镍组分的74%以上。Further, after the slag in step 3A ② is slowly cooled, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt grows, the average grain size of the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt is ≥40 μm, and the grain size is greater than 38 μm The volume fraction of the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt It accounts for more than 74% of the entire copper-nickel composition.
进一步地，步骤3B中的熔渣缓冷后，富铜熔体长大，富铜熔体的平均晶粒度≥52μm，晶粒度大于38μm富铜镍钴熔体的体积分数占整个铜组分的84%以上，浮选磨矿粒度≥48μm，浮选后，渣含铜≤0.19wt%，磁铁矿平均晶粒度≥76μm，磁选后铁精矿中全铁品位≥53wt%。Further, after the slow cooling of the slag in step 3B, the copper-rich melt grows, the average grain size of the copper-rich melt is ≥52 μm, and the volume fraction of the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt with a grain size greater than 38 μm accounts for the entire copper group. After flotation, the slag contains copper ≤0.19wt%, the average grain size of magnetite is ≥76μm, and the total iron grade in the iron concentrate after magnetic separation is ≥53wt%.
有益效果beneficial effect
（1）新型贫化药剂在线加入，加入方式与冶炼熔渣组合(1) The new depletion agent is added online, and the addition method is combined with the smelting slag
在线加入原理与优势：Principles and advantages of joining online:
直接利用冶炼生产线上的熔渣进行处理，向铜镍冶炼工序的贫化电炉、熔炼炉沉降电炉、熔炼炉贫化区、熔炼炉沉降区、熔炼炉前床或渣包中不同组合的铜镍冶炼熔渣中，直接加入新型贫化药剂；The slag on the smelting production line is directly used for treatment, and different combinations of copper and nickel in the depletion electric furnace, smelting furnace settlement electric furnace, smelting furnace depletion area, smelting furnace settlement area, smelting furnace front bed or slag ladle in the copper-nickel smelting process In the smelting slag, the new dilution agent is directly added;
优势：无需冷却与加热，无需增加设备，操作简单，成本低。Advantages: No cooling and heating, no need to increase equipment, simple operation and low cost.
加入方式：How to join:
在线直接加入贫化电炉、熔炼炉沉降电炉、熔炼炉贫化区、熔炼炉沉降区、熔炼炉前床或渣包中的熔体或熔渣中，或在线加入流向贫化电炉、熔炼炉沉降电炉、熔炼炉贫化区、熔炼炉沉降区、熔炼炉前床或渣包的渣流或溜槽中（槽内为冰铜与熔渣的混合体），随着熔体或熔渣一起加入；Directly add online to the melt or slag in the depletion electric furnace, smelting furnace subsidence electric furnace, smelting furnace depletion zone, smelting furnace settlement zone, smelting furnace front bed or slag bag, or add flow to the depleting electric furnace, smelting furnace settlement online Electric furnace, smelting furnace depletion zone, smelting furnace settling zone, smelting furnace front bed or slag flow or chute of slag bag (in the trough is a mixture of matte and slag), added together with the melt or slag;
优势：操作简单，成本简单。Advantages: Simple operation and simple cost.
冶炼熔渣组合：Smelting slag combination:
在线加入吹炼熔渣机理：（1）提高了熔炼渣的Fe/SiO 2，FeO促进铜镍钴氧化物从硅酸盐相释放出来，成为游离态氧化物，与渣中硫化物发生反应，例如Cu 2O+Cu 2S=Cu+SO 2，Cu 2O+FeS=Cu 2S+FeO，铜镍钴氧化物基本消失，以低熔点与高比重的硫化物与金属存在，促进了富铜相或富铜镍钴相的沉降；（2）促进反应Fe 3O 4+FeS =4FeO+SO 2进行，Fe 3O 4含量下降，熔渣粘度下降，富铜相或富铜镍钴相易于长大与沉降； The mechanism of adding blowing slag online: (1) The Fe/SiO 2 of the smelting slag is increased, and FeO promotes the release of copper, nickel and cobalt oxides from the silicate phase to become free oxides, which react with sulfides in the slag, such as Cu 2 O+Cu 2 S=Cu+SO 2 , Cu 2 O+FeS=Cu 2 S+FeO, the copper-nickel-cobalt oxide basically disappears, and sulfides and metals with low melting point and high specific gravity exist, which promotes copper-rich (2) Promote the reaction of Fe 3 O 4 +FeS =4FeO+SO 2 , the Fe 3 O 4 content decreases, the viscosity of the slag decreases, and the copper-rich phase or the copper-rich Ni-Co phase is easy to growth and subsidence;
优势：（1）富铜相或富铜镍钴相易于长大与沉降；（2）吹炼熔渣温度高，加速富铜相或富铜镍钴相的沉降;（3）降低熔炼与吹炼渣的铜镍钴含量；（4）无需贫化剂、加热与增加设备，操作简单，成本低，环境友好。Advantages: (1) The copper-rich phase or the copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase is easy to grow and settle; (2) The temperature of the smelting slag is high, which accelerates the sedimentation of the copper-rich phase or the copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase; (3) Reduces smelting and blowing The content of copper, nickel and cobalt in the slag; (4) no need for depleting agents, heating and additional equipment, simple operation, low cost and environmental friendliness.
（2）新型贫化药剂(2) New depletion agents
原理：（1）比重大，易与铜镍冶炼熔渣混合，避免上浮，加速反应的进行，促进Fe 3O 4含量的降低，加速富铜相或富铜镍钴沉降；（2）为复合药剂，包括SiO 2、CaO及还原剂等矿物相等，有助于Fe 3O 4含量的降低，破环富铜相或富铜镍钴相与熔渣的润湿性，促进富铜相或铜镍相长大与沉降；（3）包括双重还原剂，比重大，易与熔渣混合，反应速度可控，包括铁合金等，反应后生成金属氧化物、SiO 2等，促进熔渣粘度降低，加速长大与沉降。 Principle: (1) The specific gravity is large, it is easy to mix with copper-nickel smelting slag, avoid floating, accelerate the reaction, promote the reduction of Fe 3 O 4 content, and accelerate the sedimentation of copper-rich phase or copper-rich nickel-cobalt; (2) It is composite Reagents, including SiO 2 , CaO and reducing agent and other minerals are equal, help to reduce Fe 3 O 4 content, destroy the wettability of copper-rich phase or copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase and slag, and promote copper-rich phase or copper-rich phase. Nickel phase growth and sedimentation; (3) Including dual reducing agents, with large specific gravity, easy to mix with slag, and controllable reaction speed, including iron alloys, etc. After the reaction, metal oxides, SiO 2 , etc. are formed, which promotes the reduction of slag viscosity, Accelerates growth and settlement.
优势：新型贫化药剂具有比重大、反应可控、加入量小、无需加热、无需增加设备、清洁、成本低、贫化效果好等优点，是复合型贫化药剂。Advantages: The new depletion agent has the advantages of large specific gravity, controllable reaction, small addition, no heating, no need to increase equipment, cleanliness, low cost, and good depletion effect. It is a compound depletion agent.
（3）铜镍钴组分长大、沉降与磁铁矿长大(3) Growth, sedimentation and magnetite growth of copper, nickel and cobalt components
原理：（1）熔渣粘度降低，有利于富铜相或富铜镍钴相长大、沉降与磁铁矿长大；（2）熔渣中铜镍钴氧化物基本消失，以硫化物与金属形式存在，比重增加，熔化性温度降低，与氧化物熔渣的润湿性变差，有利于富铜相或铜富镍钴相长大与沉降。Principle: (1) The viscosity of the slag is reduced, which is conducive to the growth of the copper-rich phase or the copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase, the sedimentation and the growth of magnetite; (2) The copper-nickel-cobalt oxides in the slag basically disappear, and the sulfide and the The presence of metal forms, the specific gravity increases, the melting temperature decreases, and the wettability with the oxide slag becomes poor, which is conducive to the growth and sedimentation of the copper-rich phase or the copper-nickel-cobalt-rich phase.
优势：降低渣含铜镍钴含量，无需加热，成本低与设备，成本低；利于浮选与磁选分离。Advantages: reduce the content of copper, nickel and cobalt in slag, without heating, low cost and equipment, low cost; it is beneficial to flotation and magnetic separation.
（4）贫化沉降后底部熔体与中上部贫化熔渣的处理(4) Treatment of bottom melt and middle and upper depleted slag after depletion and settlement
原理：（1）富铜或富铜镍钴相长大与沉降后，沉降到底部，中上部熔渣中渣含铜≤0.3wt%，可以直接作为炼铁的原料，可以取消浮选工艺；（2）富铜相长大与沉降后，沉降到底部，中上部熔渣冷却后，实现长大，利于降低磨矿、浮选与磁选成本，浮选后，渣含铜进一步降低。Principle: (1) After the copper-rich or copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase grows and settles, it settles to the bottom, and the slag in the middle and upper slag contains ≤0.3wt% copper, which can be directly used as the raw material for iron making, and the flotation process can be cancelled; (2) After the copper-rich phase grows and settles, it settles to the bottom. After the middle and upper slag is cooled, the growth is realized, which is beneficial to reduce the cost of grinding, flotation and magnetic separation. After flotation, the copper content of the slag is further reduced.
优势：（1）中上部熔渣中渣含铜≤0.3wt%，可以直接作为炼铁的原料，可以取消浮选工艺，流程短，成本低，环境友好；（2）渣含铜镍钴含量降低，铜镍钴收率降低；（3）有效利用底部熔融富铜镍相的物理热，成本降低；（4）富铜相长大，磨矿粒度大（≥40μm），磨矿成本低，浮选与磁选效果好，渣含铜进一步降低，渣含铜≤0.19wt%。Advantages: (1) The copper content of the slag in the middle and upper slag is ≤0.3wt%, which can be directly used as a raw material for iron making, and the flotation process can be eliminated. The process is short, the cost is low, and it is environmentally friendly; (2) The slag contains copper, nickel and cobalt decrease, the yield of copper, nickel and cobalt decreases; (3) the physical heat of melting copper-rich nickel phase at the bottom is effectively used, and the cost is reduced; (4) the copper-rich phase grows, the grinding particle size is large (≥40 μm), and the grinding cost is low, The effect of flotation and magnetic separation is good, the copper content of the slag is further reduced, and the copper content of the slag is less than or equal to 0.19wt%.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention
下面根据本发明的具体实施例，来对本发明进行进一步说明，当然，此实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，不代表本发明的全部实施例。The present invention will be further described below according to specific embodiments of the present invention. Of course, this embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and does not represent all the embodiments of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法，具体包括以下步骤：A new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and a method for application thereof, specifically comprising the following steps:
步骤1，在线加入贫化药剂贫化：Step 1, online add depletion agent depletion:
通过溜槽，向奥斯麦特熔炼炉的沉降电炉中的铜熔炼混合熔体中（熔渣与冰铜混合熔体，渣含铜0.70wt%）中，在线加入硅铁粉（粒径100μm~150μm，比重为3.0g/cm 3），进行沉降贫化处理；硅铁粉与熔炼熔渣一起加入，硅铁粉的加入比例为铜熔炼混合熔体的0.5wt%； Through the chute, add ferrosilicon powder (particle size 100μm~ 150μm, specific gravity of 3.0g/cm 3 ), carry out sedimentation and depletion treatment; ferrosilicon powder and smelting slag are added together, and the addition ratio of ferrosilicon powder is 0.5wt% of copper smelting mixed melt;
步骤2，铜组分长大与沉降：Step 2, growth and sedimentation of copper components:
贫化处理后，铜组分长大与沉降，沉降时间为120min，富铜相沉积到底部，获得底部的富铜熔体与中上部贫化熔渣，贫化熔渣中渣含铜为0.36wt%；After the depletion treatment, the copper component grows and settles, the settling time is 120min, the copper-rich phase is deposited to the bottom, and the copper-rich melt at the bottom and the depleted slag in the middle and upper part are obtained, and the copper content of the slag in the depleted slag is 0.36 wt%;
步骤3，贫化沉降后富铜熔体与中上部贫化熔渣的处理：Step 3, the treatment of copper-rich melt and middle-upper depleted slag after depletion and sedimentation:
熔渣贫化沉降后，富铜熔体直接送往转炉吹炼，中上部贫化熔渣直接作为炼铁的原料。After the slag is depleted and settled, the copper-rich melt is directly sent to the converter for blowing, and the depleted slag in the middle and upper part is directly used as the raw material for iron making.
实施例2Example 2
一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法，具体包括以下步骤：A new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and a method for application thereof, specifically comprising the following steps:
步骤1，在线加入贫化药剂贫化：Step 1, online add depletion agent depletion:
通过渣流，直接向艾萨熔炼炉的沉降电炉中的铜熔炼熔渣（渣含铜0.68wt%）与吹炼（渣含铜为1.86wt%）混合熔渣中，在线加入煤矸石（粒度为80μm-120μm，比重为3.0g/cm 3），进行沉降贫化处理，煤矸石加入量为混合熔渣量的1.2wt%；铜吹炼熔渣占混合熔渣的比例是10 wt %。 Through the slag flow, directly into the mixed slag of the copper smelting slag (the slag contains 0.68wt% copper) and the blowing slag (the slag contains 1.86wt% copper) in the settling electric furnace of the Isa smelting furnace, add coal gangue (particle size) online. 80μm-120μm, specific gravity 3.0g/cm 3 ), carry out sedimentation and depletion treatment, the amount of coal gangue added is 1.2wt% of the mixed slag; the proportion of copper blowing slag in the mixed slag is 10 wt%.
步骤2，铜组分长大与沉降：Step 2, growth and sedimentation of copper components:
贫化处理后，铜组分长大与沉降，沉降时间为180min，富铜相沉积到底部，获得底部的富铜熔体与中上部贫化熔渣，贫化熔渣中渣含铜为0.30wt%；After the depletion treatment, the copper component grows and settles, the settling time is 180min, the copper-rich phase is deposited to the bottom, and the copper-rich melt at the bottom and the depleted slag in the middle and upper part are obtained, and the copper content of the slag in the depleted slag is 0.30 wt%;
步骤3，贫化沉降后富铜熔体与中上部贫化熔渣的处理：Step 3, the treatment of copper-rich melt and middle-upper depleted slag after depletion and sedimentation:
熔渣贫化沉降后，富铜熔体直接送往转炉吹炼，中上部贫化熔渣作为熔融还原炼铁的原料。After the slag is depleted and settled, the copper-rich melt is directly sent to the converter for blowing, and the depleted slag in the middle and upper part is used as the raw material for smelting reduction ironmaking.
实施例3Example 3
一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法，具体包括以下步骤：A new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and a method for application thereof, specifically comprising the following steps:
步骤1，在线加入贫化药剂贫化：Step 1, online add depletion agent depletion:
通过溜槽，向铜转炉渣包内的吹炼熔渣中（渣含铜为2.01wt%），在线加入线加入油页岩（粒度为120μm-160μm，比重为3.1g/cm 3），进行沉降贫化处理；油页岩后加入，加入比例为总熔渣的0.9wt%； Through the chute, add oil shale (particle size: 120μm-160μm, specific gravity: 3.1g/cm 3 ) to the blowing smelting slag in the copper converter slag bag (the slag contains 2.01wt% of copper), and settles on the line. Depletion treatment; after adding oil shale, the addition ratio is 0.9wt% of the total slag;
步骤2，铜组分长大与沉降：Step 2, growth and sedimentation of copper components:
贫化处理后，铜组分长大与沉降，沉降时间为240min，富铜相沉积到底部，获得底部的富铜熔体与中上部贫化熔渣，贫化熔渣中渣含铜为0.69wt%；After the depletion treatment, the copper component grows and settles, the settling time is 240min, the copper-rich phase is deposited to the bottom, and the copper-rich melt at the bottom and the depleted slag in the middle and upper part are obtained. The copper content of the slag in the depleted slag is 0.69 wt%;
步骤3，贫化沉降后富铜熔体与中上部贫化熔渣的处理：Step 3, the treatment of copper-rich melt and middle-upper depleted slag after depletion and sedimentation:
上部贫化熔渣缓冷后，富铜相的平均晶粒度为53μm，晶粒度大于38μm铜镍相的体积分数占整个铜组分的84%，浮选磨矿粒度为49μm，浮选后，渣含铜为0.19wt%，磁铁矿的平均晶粒度为78μm，磁铁精矿中全铁含量54wt%。After the upper depleted slag is slowly cooled, the average grain size of the copper-rich phase is 53 μm, the volume fraction of the copper-nickel phase with a grain size larger than 38 μm accounts for 84% of the entire copper component, and the flotation grinding particle size is 49 μm. After that, the copper content of the slag was 0.19 wt%, the average grain size of the magnetite was 78 μm, and the total iron content in the magnetite concentrate was 54 wt%.
实施例4Example 4
一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法，具体包括以下步骤：A new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and a method for application thereof, specifically comprising the following steps:
步骤1，在线加入贫化药剂贫化：Step 1, online add depletion agent depletion:
通过溜槽，向奥斯麦特熔炼炉的沉降电炉中的镍熔炼熔渣（渣含铜0.12wt%，渣含镍0.35wt%，渣含钴0.28wt%）与转炉吹炼渣混合熔渣（渣含铜0.26wt%，渣含镍为0.58wt%，渣含钴为0.34wt%）中，在线加入碳化铁（粒径为170μm-210μm，7.7g/cm 3），进行沉降贫化处理；碳化铁与熔渣一起加入，加入比例为总熔渣的1.5wt%；转炉吹炼渣占混合熔渣总量的10wt%。 Through the chute, the nickel smelting slag (the slag contains 0.12wt% copper, the slag contains 0.35wt% nickel, and the slag contains 0.28wt% cobalt) and the converter blowing slag mixed slag ( The slag contains 0.26wt% copper, 0.58wt% nickel and 0.34wt% cobalt in the slag), iron carbide (particle size: 170μm-210μm, 7.7g/cm 3 ) is added online to carry out sedimentation and depletion treatment; Iron carbide and slag are added together, and the addition ratio is 1.5 wt % of the total slag; the converter blowing slag accounts for 10 wt % of the total mixed slag.
步骤2，镍组分长大与沉降：Step 2, growth and sedimentation of nickel components:
贫化处理后，镍组分长大与沉降，沉降时间为150min，富铜镍钴相沉积到底部，获得底部的富铜镍钴熔体与中上部贫化熔渣，贫化熔渣后，渣含铜为0.12wt%，渣含镍为0.16wt%，渣含钴为0.23wt%；After the depletion treatment, the nickel component grows and settles. The settling time is 150 minutes, and the copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase is deposited to the bottom to obtain the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt at the bottom and the depleted slag in the middle and upper parts. After the depleted slag, The copper content of the slag is 0.12wt%, the nickel content of the slag is 0.16wt%, and the cobalt content of the slag is 0.23wt%;
步骤3，贫化沉降后富铜熔体与中上部贫化熔渣的处理：Step 3, the treatment of copper-rich melt and middle-upper depleted slag after depletion and sedimentation:
熔渣贫化沉降后，富铜镍钴熔体直接送往转炉吹炼，中上部贫化熔渣直接作为炼铁的原料。After the slag is depleted and settled, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt is directly sent to the converter for blowing, and the depleted slag in the middle and upper part is directly used as the raw material for iron making.
实施例5Example 5
一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法，具体包括以下步骤：A new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and a method for application thereof, specifically comprising the following steps:
步骤1，在线加入贫化药剂贫化：Step 1, online add depletion agent depletion:
向渣包内的镍转炉吹炼熔渣（渣含铜0.26wt%，渣含镍为0.58wt%，渣含钴为0.34wt%，）中，在线加入碳化硅（粒度为150μm-200μm，比重为3.2g/cm 3）进行沉降贫化处理；贫化药剂与熔炼熔渣一起加入，碳化硅的加入比例为总熔渣的1.8wt%； To the nickel converter in the slag bag, smelting slag (the slag contains 0.26wt% copper, the slag contains 0.58wt% nickel, and the slag contains 0.34wt% cobalt), and silicon carbide (particle size: 150μm-200μm, specific gravity) is added online. 3.2g/cm 3 ) for sedimentation and depletion treatment; the depletion agent is added together with the smelting slag, and the addition ratio of silicon carbide is 1.8wt% of the total slag;
步骤2，镍组分长大与沉降：Step 2, growth and sedimentation of nickel components:
贫化处理后，镍组分长大与沉降，沉降时间为240min，富铜镍钴相沉积到底部，获得底部的富铜镍钴熔体与中上部贫化熔渣，贫化熔渣中渣含铜为0.22wt%，渣含镍为0.49wt，渣含钴为0.23wt%；After the depletion treatment, the nickel component grows and settles, the settling time is 240min, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase is deposited to the bottom, and the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt at the bottom and the depleted slag in the middle and upper part are obtained, and the slag in the depleted slag is obtained. The copper content is 0.22wt%, the nickel content in the slag is 0.49wt%, and the cobalt content in the slag is 0.23wt%;
步骤3，贫化沉降后富铜镍钴熔体与中上部贫化熔渣的处理：Step 3, the treatment of the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt and the middle-upper depleted slag after the depletion settling:
熔渣贫化沉降后，富铜镍钴熔体直接送往转炉吹炼，中上部贫化熔渣缓冷后返回侧吹熔炼炉。熔渣缓冷后，富铜镍钴熔体长大，富铜镍钴熔体的平均晶粒度为42μm，晶粒度大于38μm富铜镍钴熔体的体积分数占整个铜镍组分的比例为76%。After the slag is depleted and settled, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt is directly sent to the converter for blowing, and the depleted slag in the middle and upper part is cooled slowly and returned to the side-blown smelting furnace. After the slag is cooled slowly, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt grows up. The average grain size of the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt is 42 μm, and the volume fraction of the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt with a grain size greater than 38 μm accounts for the entire copper-nickel composition. The ratio is 76%.
实施例6Example 6
一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法，具体包括以下步骤：A new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and a method for application thereof, specifically comprising the following steps:
步骤1，在线加入贫化药剂贫化：Step 1, online add depletion agent depletion:
通过溜槽，向侧吹熔炼炉的沉降前床中的镍熔炼混合熔体中（熔渣与冰铜混合熔体，渣含铜为0.05wt%，渣含镍为0.20wt%，渣含钴为0.10wt%）中，在线加入碳化铁（粒径170μm-210μm，比重为7.7g/cm 3），进行沉降贫化处理；碳化铁与熔炼熔渣一起加入，碳化铁的加入比例为总熔渣的2.0wt%； Through the chute, the nickel smelting mixed melt in the bed before the settling of the smelting furnace is blown into the mixed melt (the slag and the matte mixed melt, the slag contains 0.05wt% copper, 0.20wt% nickel in the slag, and cobalt in the slag as 0.10wt%), iron carbide (particle size 170μm-210μm, specific gravity 7.7g/cm 3 ) is added online to carry out sedimentation and depletion treatment; iron carbide and smelting slag are added together, and the proportion of iron carbide added is the total slag 2.0wt% of;
  
步骤2，镍组分长大与沉降：Step 2, growth and sedimentation of nickel components:
贫化处理后，富铜镍钴组分长大与沉降，沉降时间为140min，富铜镍钴相沉积到底部，获得底部的富铜镍钴熔体与中上部贫化熔渣，贫化后，含铜为0.05wt%，渣含镍为0.15wt%，渣含钴为0.08wt%；After the depletion treatment, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt components grow and settle. The settling time is 140 minutes, and the copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase is deposited to the bottom to obtain the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt at the bottom and the depleted slag in the middle and upper parts. , the copper content is 0.05wt%, the nickel content in the slag is 0.15wt%, and the cobalt content in the slag is 0.08wt%;
步骤3，贫化沉降后富铜熔体与中上部贫化熔渣的处理：Step 3, the treatment of copper-rich melt and middle-upper depleted slag after depletion and sedimentation:
熔渣贫化沉降后，富铜镍钴熔体直接送往转炉吹炼，中上部贫化熔渣水淬后作为水泥的原料；After the slag is depleted and settled, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt is directly sent to the converter for blowing, and the middle and upper part of the depleted slag is water-quenched as the raw material of cement;
对比例1Comparative Example 1
一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法，同实施例1，不同之处在于：没有加入贫化药剂，奥斯麦特熔炼炉的沉降电炉中的铜熔炼熔渣，经过沉降贫化后，渣含铜为0.61wt%,贫化效果差。A new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and its application method, the same as in Example 1, the difference is: no depleting agent is added, and the copper smelting slag in the sedimentation electric furnace of the Ausmelt smelting furnace, After sedimentation and depletion, the copper content of the slag is 0.61wt%, and the depletion effect is poor.
对比例2Comparative Example 2
一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法，同实施例1，不同之处在于：通过流向沉降电炉的溜槽，向冶炼工序的熔炼炉沉降区的铜熔炼熔渣中，加入焦炭（比重为1.8g/cm 3），加入比例为5wt%，经过沉降贫化后，渣含铜为0.47wt%,贫化效果差。 A new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and its application method, the same as in Example 1, the difference is: by flowing to the chute of the settling electric furnace, in the copper smelting slag in the settling zone of the smelting furnace of the smelting process, Add coke (specific gravity is 1.8g/cm 3 ), the addition ratio is 5wt%, after sedimentation and depletion, the copper content of the slag is 0.47wt%, and the depletion effect is poor.
对比例3Comparative Example 3
一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法，同实施例3，不同之处在于：没有贫化药剂，而是加入焦粉（比重为1.8g/cm 3）、SiO 2（比重为2.2g/cm 3），通入天然气，转炉渣包内的吹炼熔渣中（渣含铜为2.01wt%），进行沉降贫化处理，渣含铜为1.09wt%，贫化渣选矿后，渣含铜为0.24wt%； A new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and its application method, the same as in Example 3, the difference is: there is no depleting agent, but coke powder (specific gravity is 1.8g/cm 3 ), SiO 2 are added (the specific gravity is 2.2g/cm 3 ), pass natural gas into the blowing smelting slag in the converter slag bag (the copper content of the slag is 2.01wt%), and carry out sedimentation and depletion treatment, the copper content of the slag is 1.09wt%, and the depletion After the slag beneficiation, the copper content of the slag is 0.24wt%;
对比例4Comparative Example 4
一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法，同实施例4，不同之处在于：没有加入贫化药剂，奥斯麦特熔炼炉的沉降电炉中的镍熔炼熔渣（渣含铜0.12wt%，渣含镍0.35wt%，渣含钴0.28wt%）与转炉吹炼渣混合熔渣（渣含铜0.26wt%，渣含镍为0.58wt%，渣含钴为0.34wt%，吹炼熔渣比例为10%wt），进行保温沉降贫化处理，贫化熔渣后，渣含铜为0.13wt%，渣含镍为0.30wt%，渣含钴为0.27wt%。A new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and its application method are the same as in Example 4, except that the depleting agent is not added, and the nickel smelting slag ( The slag contains 0.12wt% copper, 0.35wt% nickel and 0.28wt% cobalt in the slag) mixed with converter blowing slag (the slag contains 0.26wt% copper, 0.58wt% nickel and 0.34 wt% cobalt in the slag). wt%, the proportion of blowing and smelting slag is 10%wt), and thermal insulation sedimentation depletion treatment is carried out. After the depleted slag, the copper content of the slag is 0.13wt%, the nickel content of the slag is 0.30wt%, and the cobalt content of the slag is 0.27wt%. .
对比例5Comparative Example 5
一种铜镍熔炼与吹炼渣新型贫化药剂及应用的方法，同实施例4，不同之处在于：从溜槽加入焦炭（比重为1.8g/cm 3），代替贫化药剂，奥斯麦特熔炼炉的沉降电炉中的镍熔炼熔渣（渣含铜0.12wt%，渣含镍0.35wt%，渣含钴0.28wt%）与转炉吹炼渣混合熔渣（渣含铜0.26wt%，渣含镍为0.58wt%，渣含钴为0.34wt%，吹炼熔渣比例为10%wt），沉降贫化处理，贫化熔渣后，渣含铜为0.11wt%，渣含镍为0.27wt%，渣含钴为0.26wt%。 A new type of depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting and blowing smelting slag and its application method, the same as in Example 4, the difference is: coke (specific gravity is 1.8g/cm 3 ) is added from the chute to replace the depleting agent, Osmer The nickel smelting slag in the sedimentation electric furnace of the special smelting furnace (the slag contains 0.12wt% copper, the slag contains 0.35wt% nickel, and the slag contains 0.28wt% cobalt) and the converter blowing slag mixed slag (the slag contains 0.26wt% copper, The nickel content of the slag is 0.58wt%, the cobalt content of the slag is 0.34wt%, and the proportion of the smelting slag is 10%wt). 0.27wt%, and the cobalt content of the slag is 0.26wt%.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化药剂，其特征在于，所述贫化药剂为比重大于2.6g/cm 3的铁合金、燃煤炉渣、煤矸石、粉煤灰、碳化物、气化灰渣、油页岩、油页岩渣中的一种或两种以上组合。 A depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag, characterized in that the depleting agent is ferroalloy, coal - fired slag, coal gangue, fly ash, One or more combinations of carbide, gasification ash, oil shale, and oil shale slag.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化药剂，其特征在于，向所述贫化药剂中加入高炉渣、钢渣、TiO 2、FeO、SiO 2、CaCO 3、CaO中的一种或两种以上组合。 The depleting agent for copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing slag according to claim 1, wherein blast furnace slag, steel slag, TiO 2 , FeO, SiO 2 are added to the depleting agent , CaCO 3 , and CaO in one or a combination of two or more.
  3. 一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化方法，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：A method for depleting copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag, characterized in that it specifically comprises the following steps:
    步骤1，贫化药剂在线加入不同组合的熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣：Step 1, adding different combinations of smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag online with the dilution agent:
    向铜镍冶炼工序的贫化电炉、熔炼炉沉降电炉、熔炼炉贫化区、熔炼炉沉降区、熔炼炉前床或渣包中不同组合的铜冶炼熔渣和/或镍冶炼熔渣中，在线加入贫化药剂，进行贫化处理；To the copper-nickel smelting process of the depleted electric furnace, smelting furnace settling electric furnace, smelting furnace depletion zone, smelting furnace settling zone, smelting furnace front bed or slag ladle in different combinations of copper smelting slag and/or nickel smelting slag, Add depletion agent online for depletion treatment;
    所述铜冶炼熔渣为铜熔炼熔渣、铜吹炼熔渣中的一种或两种混合；所述铜熔炼熔渣与铜吹炼熔渣组成的混合熔渣中，铜吹炼熔渣的加入比例≤30wt%；The copper smelting slag is one or a mixture of copper smelting slag and copper blowing slag; in the mixed slag composed of the copper smelting slag and the copper blowing slag, the copper blowing smelting slag is The addition ratio of ≤30wt%;
    所述镍冶炼熔渣为镍熔炼熔渣、镍吹炼熔渣中的一种或两种混合；所述镍熔炼熔渣与镍吹炼熔渣组成的混合熔渣中，镍吹炼熔渣的加入比例≤50wt%；The nickel smelting slag is one or both of nickel smelting slag and nickel blowing slag; The addition ratio of ≤50wt%;
    所述贫化药剂的比重大于2.6g/cm 3； The specific gravity of the depleted medicament is greater than 2.6g/cm 3 ;
    步骤2，铜镍钴组分长大、沉降与磁铁矿长大：Step 2, growth, sedimentation and magnetite growth of copper-nickel-cobalt components:
    经过贫化处理后，富铜组分或富铜镍钴组分长大、沉降，沉积到底部，获得底部的富铜熔体或富铜镍钴熔体以及中上部的贫化熔渣；所述底部的富铜熔体由铜冶炼熔渣长大与沉降获得，所述底部的富铜镍钴熔体由镍冶炼熔渣长大与沉降获得；所述中上部的贫化熔渣中磁铁矿相实现长大；After the depletion treatment, the copper-rich component or the copper-rich nickel-cobalt component grows, settles, and deposits to the bottom to obtain the copper-rich melt or copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt at the bottom and the depleted slag at the middle and upper part; The copper-rich melt at the bottom is obtained from the growth and settlement of copper smelting slag, and the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt at the bottom is obtained from the growth and settlement of nickel smelting slag; The iron ore phase realizes growth;
    步骤3，贫化沉降后底部的熔体与中上部的贫化熔渣的处理：Step 3, treatment of the melt at the bottom and the depleted slag at the middle and upper part after depletion and settlement:
    A．镍冶炼熔渣与熔体的处理：A. Treatment of nickel smelting slag and melt:
    ①镍冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，不包括对渣包的处理，富铜镍钴熔体直接送往吹炼炉；中上部的贫化熔渣直接作为炼铁的原料，或水淬后作为水泥的原料，或作为除锈剂；①After the nickel smelting slag is depleted and settled, excluding the treatment of the slag ladle, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt melt is directly sent to the blowing furnace; the depleted slag in the middle and upper parts is directly used as the raw material for iron smelting, or after water quenching Raw material for cement, or as a rust remover;
    ②渣包内的镍冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，缓冷至室温，底部的富铜镍钴相送往吹炼炉，中上部的炉渣返回熔炼炉上矿或作为建筑材料；②After the nickel smelting smelting slag in the slag bag is depleted and settled, it is slowly cooled to room temperature, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase at the bottom is sent to the blowing furnace, and the slag in the middle and upper part is returned to the smelting furnace for ore or as a building material;
    B．铜冶炼熔渣与熔体的处理：b. Treatment of copper smelting slag and melt:
    ①铜冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，不包括对渣包的处理，富铜熔体直接送往吹炼炉；中上部的贫化熔渣直接作为炼铁的原料，或直接水淬后作为水泥的原料，或作为除锈剂，或倒入渣包缓冷后作为作为浮选和/或磁选工艺中的原料；①After the copper smelting slag is depleted and settled, excluding the treatment of the slag bag, the copper-rich melt is directly sent to the blowing furnace; the depleted slag in the middle and upper parts is directly used as the raw material for iron making, or directly after water quenching as cement raw material, or as a rust remover, or as a raw material in flotation and/or magnetic separation process after being poured into the slag bag and slowly cooled;
    ②渣包内的铜冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，缓冷至室温，底部的富铜相送往吹炼炉，中上部的炉渣作为浮选和/或磁选工艺中的原料。②After the copper smelting slag in the slag bag is depleted and settled, it is slowly cooled to room temperature, the copper-rich phase at the bottom is sent to the blowing furnace, and the slag in the middle and upper part is used as the raw material in the flotation and/or magnetic separation process.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化方法，其特征在于，所述贫化药剂为铁合金、燃煤炉渣、煤矸石、粉煤灰、碳化物、气化灰渣、油页岩、油页岩渣中的一种或两种以上组合；或者向铁合金、燃煤炉渣、煤矸石、粉煤灰、碳化物、气化灰渣、油页岩、油页岩渣中的一种或两种以上的组合物中，再添加高炉渣、钢渣、石英、石灰、FeO中的一种或两种以上组合；以总熔渣为100wt%计，所述贫化药剂加入量≤2.0wt%；贫化药剂的粒度为30μm~4mm。The method for depleting copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag according to claim 1, wherein the depleting agent is ferroalloy, coal-fired slag, coal gangue, fly ash, carbonized One or more combinations of slag, gasification ash, oil shale, oil shale slag; In the composition of one or two or more of rock and oil shale slag, one or more combinations of blast furnace slag, steel slag, quartz, lime and FeO are added; The added amount of the depleted medicament is less than or equal to 2.0wt%; the particle size of the depleted medicament is 30μm~4mm.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化方法，其特征在于，所述的碳化物为碳化铁、碳化锰、碳化铬、碳化钛、碳化硅、碳化钒中的一种或两种以上组合；所述铁合金为硅铁、硅锰、硅钙铁、硅铝铁、硅钙铝铁、硅碳铁、硅碳合金中的一种或两种以上组合。The method for depleting copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag according to claim 4, wherein the carbide is iron carbide, manganese carbide, chromium carbide, titanium carbide, silicon carbide , one or more combinations in vanadium carbide; the iron alloy is one or both of ferrosilicon, silicon manganese, silicon calcium iron, silicon aluminum iron, silicon calcium aluminum iron, silicon carbon iron, silicon carbon alloy combination of the above.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化方法，其特征在于，所述在线加入是指：直接对铜镍冶炼生产线上的熔渣进行处理，无需冷却与加热，无需增加设备，直接加入贫化电炉、熔炼炉沉降电炉、熔炼炉贫化区、熔炼炉沉降区、熔炼炉前床或渣包中的熔体或熔渣中；或者直接加入流向贫化电炉、熔炼炉沉降电炉、熔炼炉贫化区、熔炼炉沉降区、熔炼炉前床或渣包的渣流或溜槽中，随着熔体或熔渣一起加入；所述的熔体是指冰铜与熔渣的混合物；所述铜镍冶炼工序为铜镍熔炼工序、吹炼炉工序、沉降或贫化工序；所述组合方式中，贫化效果排序为铜熔炼熔渣与铜吹炼熔渣＞单一铜熔炼熔渣＞单一铜吹炼熔渣；镍熔炼熔渣与镍吹炼熔渣＞单一镍熔炼熔渣＞单一镍吹炼熔渣。The method for depleting copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag according to claim 1, wherein the online addition means: directly processing the slag on the copper-nickel smelting production line, No cooling and heating, no need to add equipment, directly add to the melt or slag in the depletion electric furnace, smelting furnace settlement electric furnace, smelting furnace depletion zone, smelting furnace settlement zone, smelting furnace front bed or slag bag; or directly add Flow into the slag flow or chute of the depleted electric furnace, the smelting furnace settling electric furnace, the smelting furnace depletion zone, the smelting furnace settling zone, the smelting furnace front bed or the slag ladle, and is added together with the melt or slag; the melt Refers to the mixture of matte and slag; the copper-nickel smelting process is a copper-nickel smelting process, a blowing furnace process, a sedimentation or depletion process; in the combination mode, the depletion effect is ranked as copper smelting slag and copper Blowing smelting slag>single copper smelting slag>single copper blowing slag; nickel smelting slag and nickel blowing slag>single nickel smelting slag>single nickel blowing slag.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化方法，其特征在于，步骤2中：熔炼与吹炼混合熔渣情况下，铜冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔渣中渣含铜≤0.33wt%；单一熔炼熔渣情况下，铜冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔渣中渣含铜≤0.37wt%；单一吹炼熔渣情况下，铜冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔渣中渣含铜≤0.80wt%。The method for depleting copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing slag according to claim 1, wherein in step 2: in the case of smelting and blowing mixed slag, the copper smelting slag is depleted After settlement, the copper content in the depleted slag in the middle and upper parts is ≤0.33wt%; in the case of a single smelting slag, after the copper smelting slag is depleted and settled, the copper content in the depleted slag in the middle and upper part is ≤0.37wt% ; In the case of a single blowing slag, after the copper smelting slag is depleted and settled, the copper content in the depleted slag in the middle and upper part is ≤0.80wt%.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化方法，其特征在于，步骤2中：熔炼与吹炼混合熔渣情况下，镍冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔中渣含铜≤0.18wt%，渣含镍为≤0.20wt%，渣含钴为≤0.25wt%；单一熔炼熔渣情况下，镍冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔中渣含铜为≤0.2wt%，渣含镍为≤0.25wt%，渣含钴为≤0.27wt%；单一吹炼熔渣情况下，镍冶炼熔渣贫化沉降后，中上部的贫化熔中，渣含铜≤0.25wt%，渣含镍≤0.90wt%，渣含钴为≤0.38wt%。The method for depleting copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag according to claim 1, wherein in step 2: in the case of smelting and blowing mixed slag, the nickel smelting slag is depleted After settlement, the depleted slag in the middle and upper part contains ≤0.18wt% copper, ≤0.20wt% nickel, and ≤0.25wt% cobalt in the slag; in the case of a single smelting slag, the nickel smelting slag is depleted and settled In the middle and upper part of the depleted smelting slag, the copper content of the slag is ≤0.2wt%, the nickel content of the slag is ≤0.25wt%, and the cobalt content of the slag is ≤0.27wt%; in the case of a single blowing slag, the nickel smelting slag is depleted After sedimentation, in the depleted melt in the middle and upper part, the copper content of the slag is ≤0.25wt%, the nickel content of the slag is ≤0.90wt%, and the cobalt content of the slag is ≤0.38wt%.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化方法，其特征在于，步骤3A中②中的熔渣缓冷后，富铜镍钴相长大，富铜镍钴相的平均晶粒度≥40μm，晶粒度大于38μm富铜镍钴相的体积分数占整个铜镍组分的74%以上。The depletion method of a kind of copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag according to claim 1, is characterized in that, after the slag in step 3A is cooled slowly, the copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase grows, The average grain size of the copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase is greater than or equal to 40 μm, and the volume fraction of the copper-rich nickel-cobalt phase with a grain size greater than 38 μm accounts for more than 74% of the entire copper-nickel composition.
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种铜镍熔炼熔渣和/或吹炼熔渣的贫化方法，其特征在于，步骤3B中的熔渣缓冷后，富铜相长大，富铜相的平均晶粒度≥52μm，晶粒度大于38μm富铜相的体积分数占整个铜组分的84%以上，浮选磨矿粒度≥48μm，浮选后，渣含铜≤0.19wt%，磁铁矿平均晶粒度≥76μm，磁选后铁精矿中全铁品位≥53wt%。A method for depleting copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing smelting slag according to claim 1, characterized in that, after slow cooling of the slag in step 3B, the copper-rich phase grows up, and the copper-rich phase grows. The average grain size is greater than or equal to 52μm, and the volume fraction of the copper-rich phase with a grain size greater than 38μm accounts for more than 84% of the entire copper component. The flotation grinding particle size is greater than or equal to 48μm. The average grain size of the ore is ≥76μm, and the total iron grade in the iron concentrate after magnetic separation is ≥53wt%.
PCT/CN2021/086536 2021-03-29 2021-04-12 Depletion agent and method for copper-nickel smelting slag and/or blowing slag WO2022205498A1 (en)

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