WO2022205227A1 - 电极组件及电子装置 - Google Patents

电极组件及电子装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205227A1
WO2022205227A1 PCT/CN2021/084751 CN2021084751W WO2022205227A1 WO 2022205227 A1 WO2022205227 A1 WO 2022205227A1 CN 2021084751 W CN2021084751 W CN 2021084751W WO 2022205227 A1 WO2022205227 A1 WO 2022205227A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole piece
electrode assembly
region
conductive layer
layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/084751
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董宇洋
闫东阳
曾巧
Original Assignee
宁德新能源科技有限公司
东莞新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德新能源科技有限公司, 东莞新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority to CN202180002904.6A priority Critical patent/CN113711410A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/084751 priority patent/WO2022205227A1/zh
Publication of WO2022205227A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205227A1/zh
Priority to US18/128,605 priority patent/US20230238664A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0436—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0583—Construction or manufacture of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with "Z"-shaped electrodes or separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to an electrode assembly and an electronic device.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrode assembly, including a first pole piece, a second pole piece, and a first layer containing an insulating material, the first layer being sandwiched between the first pole piece and the second pole Between the plates, the first pole piece, the second pole piece and the first layer are stacked and partially folded back to form the electrode assembly; the first pole piece includes opposite and interconnected first surfaces and second Two surfaces, the first surface and the second surface are formed by the folded back and take the inflection point of the folded back as a boundary; along the first direction, there is a distance between the first surface and the second surface ; along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the distances are unequal.
  • the above-mentioned electrode assembly can increase the actual liquid retention capacity of the battery cell, improve the cycle interface condition, and increase the service life of the battery cell by providing a cavity at the corner of the first pole piece; the structure is simple and reliable, and the economic efficiency of the battery is improved.
  • the first direction there is a maximum first distance between the first surface and the second surface, and taking the section where the first distance is located as a starting point, along the The distance gradually decreases in the direction away from and/or close to the inflection point.
  • the electrode assembly further has a first area, the first area is surrounded by the first surface and the second surface; the first area is along the second direction
  • the maximum width is not less than the maximum width of the first region along the first direction.
  • the maximum width of the first region along the first direction is unequal.
  • the maximum width of the first region along the second direction is unequal.
  • the first pole piece further includes a first curved portion and a second curved portion that are opposite and connected to each other, and an opposite first portion and a second portion;
  • a curved part is located on one side of the second curved part, and the second surface is located on the side of the second curved part close to the first curved part; the first part is connected to the first curved part, so The second portion is connected to the second curved portion.
  • the first layer is disposed between the first portion and the second portion.
  • the first portion includes a first plane; the second direction forms an angle with the first plane.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a first metal piece and a second metal piece; the first pole piece further includes a first conductive layer and a second region, the second region is connected to the first part or the second part; the second pole piece further includes a second conductive layer and a third region, the third region is adjacent to the first part or the second part; the first metal piece is electrically The first conductive layer on the second area is connected; the second metal piece is electrically connected to the second conductive layer on the third area.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a first metal piece and a second metal piece; the first pole piece further includes a first conductive layer and a second region, the second region is located in the first The pole piece is far away from the end of the central area of the electrode assembly; the second pole piece also includes a second conductive layer and a third area, and the third area is located at the end of the second pole piece away from the central area of the electrode assembly. an end; the first metal piece is electrically connected to the first conductive layer on the second region; the second metal piece is electrically connected to the second conductive layer on the third region.
  • the first conductive layer includes a first current collector
  • the second conductive layer includes a second current collector
  • At least one of a separator and an electrolyte is accommodated between the first side and the second side.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide an electronic device including the above-mentioned electrode assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an A-A cross-sectional view of a first region cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the first region portion of the A-A section of the cell in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the first region B-B of the cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the first region C-C of the cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the first region portion of the A-A section of the cell in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of a cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of a battery cell in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a front view of an electrode assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is an A-A cross-sectional view of a cell in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrode assembly and an electronic device provided with the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece, and a first layer containing an insulating material, and the first layer is sandwiched between the Between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, the first pole piece, the second pole piece and the first layer are stacked and partially folded back to form the electrode assembly; the first pole piece includes A first face and a second face that are opposite and connected to each other, the first face and the second face are formed by the foldback and are bounded by the inflection point of the foldback; along the first direction, the first face There is a distance between the second surface and the second surface; along the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the distance is unequal.
  • the above-mentioned electrode assembly can increase the actual liquid retention capacity of the battery cell, improve the cycle interface condition, and increase the service life of the battery cell by providing a cavity at the corner of the first pole piece; the structure is simple and reliable, and the economic efficiency of the battery is improved.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrochemical device, which may be a chargeable and dischargeable secondary battery.
  • the secondary battery may be a non-aqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion rechargeable battery.
  • the electrochemical device includes a cell 100 , and the cell 100 includes a casing 1 , an electrode assembly 2 and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly 2 and the electrolyte are provided in the casing 1 .
  • the electrode assembly 2 includes a first pole piece 22, a second pole piece 24 and a first layer 25 containing an insulating material.
  • the first layer 25 is sandwiched between the first pole piece 22 and the second pole piece 24.
  • the first pole piece 22 After the second pole piece 24 and the first layer 25 are stacked, they are partially folded back to form the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the first pole piece 22 includes a first conductive layer 221 and a first conductive material layer 222 .
  • the first conductive material layer 222 is disposed on the surface of the first pole piece 22 .
  • the first conductive material layer 222 may be a first active material layer.
  • the first conductive layer 221 may be a first current collector.
  • the material of the first current collector may be any one of metal materials such as aluminum foil and copper foil.
  • the second pole piece 24 includes a second conductive layer 241 and a second conductive material layer 242 , and the second conductive material layer 242 is provided on the surface of the second pole piece 24 .
  • the second conductive material layer may be a second active material layer.
  • the second conductive layer 241 may be a second current collector.
  • the material of the second current collector may be any of metal materials such as aluminum foil and copper foil.
  • the first pole piece 22 is any one of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece 24 is the other of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the first active material layer may include but not limited to lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide compound, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, olivine-structured lithium-containing phosphate, etc., or one or more of other various materials that can be used as positive electrode active materials for secondary batteries Combination
  • the second active material layer can be including but not limited to natural graphite, artificial graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon, silicon oxide compound, silicon carbon composite, lithium metal, lithium titanate, lithium alloy (lithium and other capable An alloy formed of a metal that forms an alloy with lithium), etc., or a combination of one or more of other materials that can be used as a negative electrode active material for a secondary battery.
  • the first layer 25 may be a membrane material such as, but not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and their multi-layer composite films.
  • the portion folded back after the first pole piece 22 , the second pole piece 24 and the first layer 25 are stacked forms the first bending section 21 .
  • a flat section 28 is formed, and the flat section 28 is connected to the first bent section 21 .
  • the part of the first pole piece 22 located in the first bending section 21 includes a first bending part 223 and a second bending part 224 which are connected to each other.
  • the first bending part 223 and the second bending part 224 The inflection point 211 is a boundary and is relatively set.
  • the portion of the first pole piece 22 located on the flat section 28 includes a first portion 225 and a second portion 226 opposite to each other, and the first portion 225 is connected to the first curved portion 223 at the first connection point 2232, and the second portion 226 is connected to the second The second curved portion 224 is connected at the connection point 2242 .
  • the first pole piece 22 is located at the innermost side of the first bending section 21 .
  • the innermost portion of the first bent section 21 in the electrode assembly 2 has a first area 23 surrounded by a first curved portion 223 and a second curved portion 224 .
  • the side of the first curved portion 223 facing the first region 23 has a first surface 2231
  • the side of the second curved portion 224 facing the first region 23 has a second surface 2241
  • the first surface 2231 is connected to the second surface 2241 with an inflection point. 211 is the demarcation.
  • the side of the first portion 225 facing the second portion 226 has a first flat surface 2251 , and the first flat surface 2251 is connected to the first surface 2231 at the first connection point 2232 .
  • a side of the second portion 226 facing the first portion 225 has a second flat surface 2261 , and the second flat surface 2261 is connected to the second surface 2241 at the second connection point 2242 .
  • the first layer 25 is disposed between the first plane 2251 and the second plane 2261 , and the first plane 2251 , the first layer 25 and the second plane 2261 may abut each other in sequence, or may be arranged in sequence.
  • the direction extending from the inflection point 211 to the flat section 28 is the second direction X
  • the first direction Z and the third direction Y are respectively perpendicular to the second direction X, and viewed along the third direction Y, the first surface 2231 and the second surface 2241 There is a first distance 231 therebetween.
  • the first region 23 has a width in the second direction X, ie the second distance 232 .
  • the first distance 231 between the first face 2231 and the second face 2241 is different from each other in the second direction X; the first distance 231 between the first face 2231 and the second face 2241 is different from each other in the third direction Y. And, the first distance 231 between the first surface 2231 and the second surface 2241 has the largest first maximum distance 2311 .
  • the first maximum distance 2311 has a first end point 2311a and a second end point 2311b, the first end point 2311a is located on the first surface 2231, and the second end point 2311b is located on the second surface 2241.
  • the first distance 231 gradually decreases to zero; along the direction away from the inflection point 211 , the first distance 231 gradually decreases.
  • the second distances 232 are different from each other in the first direction Z; the second distances 232 are different from each other in the third direction Y. And, the second distance 232 has the largest second maximum distance 2321 .
  • One end point of the second maximum distance 2321 is connected to the inflection point 211, and the other end point is connected to the first connection point 2232 and the second connection point 2242 connecting the midpoint P1 of the line segment.
  • the second maximum distance 2321 is greater than the first maximum distance 2311 .
  • a line starting from the inflection point 211 to any point on the first surface 2231 and/or the second surface 2241 constitutes a third distance H1; starting from the inflection point 211, to the first connection point
  • the connection line connecting the midpoint P1 of the line segment 2232 and the second connection point 2242 constitutes a fourth distance H2, and the fourth distance H2 > the third distance H1.
  • the first part 225 and the second part 226 may also be directly abutted together.
  • the direction of the connection from the inflection point 211 to the midpoint P1 of the line segment connecting the first connection point 2232 and the second connection point 2242 may be parallel to the second direction X.
  • the direction of the connection line from the inflection point 211 to the midpoint P1 of the line segment connecting the first connection point 2232 and the second connection point 2242 may be inclined to The second direction X.
  • the electrode assembly 2 further includes a first metal piece 26 and a second metal piece 27 .
  • the first pole piece 22 further includes a second region 227 , the second region 227 is located on the flat section 28 , and the first metal member 26 is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 221 on the second region 227 .
  • the second pole piece 24 further includes a third area 243 , the third area 243 is located on the flat section 28 , and the second metal member 27 is electrically connected to the second conductive layer 241 on the third area 243 .
  • the second region 227 and the third region 243 are located in the flat section 28 and close to the central region 29 of the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the central area 29 of the electrode assembly 2 refers to the stacking center of the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the second region 227 and the third region 243 are close to the central region 29 of the electrode assembly 2 , the second region 227 can be connected to the first part 225 or the second part 226 , that is, the first metal member 26 is electrically connected to the first part 225 or the second part 226 .
  • the third region 243 may be adjacent to the first portion 225 or the second portion 226 , that is, the second metal member 27 is electrically connected to the second conductive layer 241 on the second pole piece 24 adjacent to the first portion 225 or the second portion 226 .
  • the second region 227 and the third region 243 are located in the flat section 28 and in the outer second region of the electrode assembly 2 .
  • the outer layer area of the electrode assembly 2 refers to the portion of the electrode assembly 2 that is far from the center of the stack.
  • the first metal piece 26 includes a first tab.
  • the material of the first tab includes, but is not limited to, either copper foil or aluminum foil.
  • the second metal piece 27 includes the second tab.
  • the material of the second tab includes, but is not limited to, either copper foil or aluminum foil.
  • the second area 227 and the third area 243 avoid the first area 23 and have a certain distance from the first area 23 .
  • the first metal piece 26 and the second metal piece 27 avoid the first area 23 respectively, and have a certain distance from the first area 23 .
  • the space of the first region 23 may be used to accommodate at least one of the separator and the electrolyte.
  • the first region 23 can provide a flow channel for the electrolyte and retain the electrolyte, so that the battery cell 100 is more infiltrated by the electrolyte after the liquid injection, thereby reducing the risk of undesired electrolyte leakage. Risk of poor local contact, loss of performance due to complete wetting.
  • the electrolyte in the first area 23 can flow to the place where the electrolyte is missing under capillary action for replenishment, thereby prolonging the service life of the battery cell 100 .
  • the filler can reduce the deformation of the first pole piece 22 and the second pole piece 24 of the first bending section 21 under pressure, reducing the The accumulation of internal stress realizes the interface optimization at the corner and improves the structural rigidity of the first bending section 21 .
  • the first regions 23 may exist at different positions of the battery cell 100 , for example, the first region 23 is located at the end of the battery cell 100 along the third direction Y.
  • the electrolyte in the first area 23 is in communication with or is relatively close to the electrolyte outside the first area 23, which can reduce the amount of electrolyte Flow distance when replenishing.
  • the electrode assembly 2 of the present application is provided with the first region 23, which can increase the actual liquid retention of the battery cell 100, improve the cycle interface condition, and increase the service life of the battery cell 100; the structure is simple and reliable, and the battery life is improved. economic efficiency.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

本公开提供一种电极组件及电子装置，电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片和含有绝缘材料的第一层，第一层夹设于第一极片和第二极片之间，第一极片、第二极片和第一层堆叠后部分回折形成电极组件；第一极片包括相对且互相连接的第一面和第二面，第一面和第二面由回折形成并以回折的拐点为分界；沿第一方向上，第一面和第二面之间具有距离；沿垂直于第一方向的第二方向上，距离不等；上述的电极组件通过在第一极片的拐角处设置空腔能够提高电芯的实际保液量，改善循环界面状况，提高电芯的使用寿命；结构简单可靠，提高电池的经济效率。

Description

电极组件及电子装置 技术领域
本申请涉一种电极组件及电子装置。
背景技术
随着锂电研究的发展，锂离子电池发展方向往大容量、高电压、长循环的方向前进，继而使得电芯的电解液消耗逐渐成为研究热点。现有的电池技术在长循环(500次充放电及以上)后恢复容量的衰减较快，一部分原因在于电解液在循环后期基本消耗殆尽。
发明内容
鉴于上述状况，有必要提供一种电极组件及电子装置，以解决电芯在长循环后电解液消耗导致容量衰减较快的问题。
本申请的实施例提供一种电极组件，包括第一极片、第二极片和含有绝缘材料的第一层，所述第一层夹设于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间，所述第一极片、所述第二极片和所述第一层堆叠后部分回折形成所述电极组件；所述第一极片包括相对且互相连接的第一面和第二面，所述第一面和所述第二面由所述回折形成并以所述回折的拐点为分界；沿第一方向上，所述第一面和所述第二面之间具有距离；沿垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向上，所述距离不等。
上述的电极组件通过在第一极片的拐角处设置空腔能够提高电芯的实际保液量，改善循环界面状况，提高电芯的使用寿命；结构简单可靠，提高电池的经济效率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向上，所述第一面和所述第二面之间具有最大的第一距离，以所述第一距离所在的截面为起点，沿远离和/或靠近所述拐点的方向上，所述距离逐渐减小。
在本申请的一些实施例中，该电极组件还具有第一区域，所述第一区域被所述第一面和所述第二面包围；所述第一区域沿所述第二方向上的最大宽度不小于所述第一区域沿所述第一方向上的最大宽度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，沿垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向的第三方向上，所述第一区域沿所述第一方向上的最大宽度不等。
在本申请的一些实施例中，沿垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向的第三方向上，所述第一区域沿所述第二方向上的最大宽度不等。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一极片还包括相对且相互连接的第一弯曲部和第二弯曲部、相对的第一部分和第二部分；所述第一面位于所述第一弯曲部靠近所述第二弯曲部的一侧，所述第二面位于所述第二弯曲部靠近所述第一弯曲部的一侧；所述第一部分连接所述第一弯曲部，所述第二部分连接所述第二弯曲部。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一部分和所述第二部分之间设有所述第一层。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一部分包括第一平面；所述第二方向与所述第一平面呈一夹角。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件还包括第一金属件和第二金属件；所述第一极片还包括第一导电层和第二区域，所述第二区域连接所述第一部分或所述第二部分；所述第二极片还包括第二导电层和第三区域，所述第三区域相邻于所述第一部分或所述第二部分；所述第一金属件电连接所述第二区域上的所述第一导电层；所述第二金属件电连接所述第三区域上的所述第二导电层。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件还包括第一金属件和第二金属件；所述第一极片还包括第一导电层和第二区域，所述第二区域位于所述第一极片远离所述电极组件中心区域的端部；所述第二极片还包括第二导电层和第三区域，所述第三区域位于所述第二极片远离所述电极组件中心区域的端部；所述第一金属件电连接所述第二区域上的所述第一导电层；所述第二金属件电连接所述第三区域上的所述第二导电层。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一导电层包括第一集流体，所述第二导电层包括第二集流体。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一面和所述第二面之间容纳隔离膜和电解液中的至 少一个。
本申请的实施例还提供一种电子装置，包括上述的电极组件。
附图说明
图1是本申请的一个实施例中电芯的结构示意图。
图2是本申请的一个实施例中第一区域电芯的A-A截面剖视图。
图3是本申请的一个实施例中电芯的A-A截面的第一区域部分的放大图。
图4是本申请的一个实施例中电芯的第一区域B-B截面局部剖视图。
图5是本申请的一个实施例中电芯的第一区域C-C截面局部剖视图。
图6是本申请的一个实施例中电芯的A-A截面的第一区域部分的放大图。
图7是本申请的一个实施例中的电芯的主视图。
图8是本申请的另一个实施例中的电芯的主视图。
图9是本申请的另一个实施例中的电极组件的主视图。
图10是本申请的另一个实施例中的电芯的A-A截面剖视图。
主要元件符号说明
电芯                                        100
壳体                                        1
电极组件                                    2
第一弯折段                                  21
拐点                                        211
第一极片                                    22
第一导电层                                  221
第一导电材料层                              222
第一弯曲部                                  223
第一面                                      2231
第二弯曲部                                  224
第二面                                      2241
第一部分                                    225
第一平面                                    2251
第二部分                                    226
第二平面                                    2261
第二区域                                    227
第一区域                                    23
第一距离                                    231
第二距离                                    232
第二极片                                    24
第二导电层                                  241
第二导电材料层                              242
第三区域                                    243
第一层                                      25
第一金属件                                  26
第二金属件                                  27
平坦段                                      28
中心区域                                    29
第一方向                                    Z
第二方向                                    X
第三方向                                    Y
中点                                        P1
第三距离                                    H1
第四距离                                    H2
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本申请。
具体实施方式
下面对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、详细地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
下文，将详细地描述本申请的实施方式。但是，本申请可体现为许多不同的形式，并且不应解释为限于本文阐释的示例性实施方式。而是，提供这些示例性实施方式，从而使本申请透彻的和详细的向本领域技术人员传达。
另外，为了简洁和清楚，在附图中，各种组件、层的尺寸或厚度可被放大。遍及全文，相同的数值指相同的要素。如本文所使用，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关列举项目的任何和所有组合。另外，应当理解，当要素A被称为“连接”要素B时，要素A可直接连接至要素B，或可能存在中间要素C并且要素A和要素B可彼此间接连接。
进一步，当描述本申请的实施方式时使用“可”指“本申请的一个或多个实施方式”。
本文使用的专业术语是为了描述具体实施方式的目的并且不旨在限制本申请。如本文所使用，单数形式旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确指出。应进一步理解，术语“包括”，当在本说明书中使用时，指存在叙述的特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素和/或组分，但是不排除存在或增加一个或多个其他特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素、组分和/或其组合。
空间相关术语，比如“上”等可在本文用于方便描述，以描述如图中阐释的一个要素或特征与另一要素(多个要素)或特征(多个特征)的关系。应理解，除了图中描述的方向之外，空间相关术语旨在包括设备或装置在使用或操作中的不同方向。应理解，尽管术语第一、第二、第三等可在本文用于描述各种要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分，但是这些要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分不应受这些术语的限制。这些术语用于区分一个要素、组分、区域、层或部分与另一要素、组分、区域、层或部分。因此，下面讨论的第一要素、组分、区域、层或部分可称为第二要素、组分、区域、层或部分，而不背离示例性实施方式的教导。
本申请的实施例提供一种电极组件和设有电极组件的电子装置，电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片和含有绝缘材料的第一层，所述第一层夹设于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间，所述第一极片、所述第二极片和所述第一层堆叠后部分回折形成所述电极组件；所述第一极片包括相对且互相连接的第一面和第二面，所述第一面和所述第二面由所述回折形成并以所述回折的拐点为分界；沿第一方向上，所述第一面和所述第二面之间具有距离；沿垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向上，所述距离不等。
上述的电极组件通过在第一极片的拐角处设置空腔能够提高电芯的实际保液量，改善循环界面状况，提高电芯的使用寿命；结构简单可靠，提高电池的经济效率。
下面结合附图，对本申请的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
本申请的实施方式提供一种电化学装置，该电化学装置可以为可充电及放电的二次电池。
更具体的，该二次电池可以为非水电解质电池，例如锂离子充电电池。
如图1和图2所示，该电化学装置包括电芯100，电芯100包括壳体1、电极组件2和电解液，电极组件2和电解液设于壳体1内。
电极组件2包括第一极片22、第二极片24和含有绝缘材料的第一层25，第一层25夹设于第一极片22和第二极片24之间，第一极片22、第二极片24和第一层25堆叠后部分回折形成该电极组件2。
第一极片22包括第一导电层221和第一导电材料层222。第一导电材料层222设于第一极片22的表面。
在一些实施例中，第一导电材料层222可以为第一活性物质层。
第一导电层221可以是第一集流体。
第一集流体的材料可以为铝箔、铜箔等金属材料中的任一种。
第二极片24包括第二导电层241和第二导电材料层242，第二导电材料层242设于第二极片24的表面。
在一些实施例中，第二导电材料层可以为第二活性物质层。
第二导电层241可以是第二集流体。
第二集流体的材料可以为铝箔、铜箔等金属材料中的任一种。
第一极片22为正极极片和负极极片中的任一个，第二极片24为正极极片和负极极片中的另一个。
当第一极片为正极极片、第二极片为负极极片时，第一活性物质层可以是包括但不限于锂钴氧化物、锂镍氧化物、锂锰氧化物、锂镍锰氧化物、锂镍钴锰氧化物、锂镍钴铝氧化物、橄榄石结构的含锂磷酸盐等、或其它各种可以被用作二次电池正极活性材料的材料中的一种或多种的组合，第二活性物质层可以是包括但不限于天然石墨、人造石墨、软碳、硬碳、硅、硅氧化合物、硅碳复合物、锂金属、钛酸锂、锂合金(锂与其它能够与锂形成合金的金属所形成的合金)等、或其它可被用作二次电池负极活性材料的材料中的一种或多种的组合。
第一层25可以为隔膜材料，例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯以及它们的多层复合膜，但不仅限于这些。
如图2和图3所示，第一极片22、第二极片24和第一层25堆叠后回折的部分形成第一弯折段21。第一极片22、第二极片24和第一层25堆叠后还形成平坦段28，该平坦段28连接第一弯折段21。
第一极片22上位于第一弯折段21的部分包括相互连接的第一弯曲部223和第二弯曲部224，第一弯曲部223和第二弯曲部224以第一弯折段21的拐点211为分界且相对设置。
第一极片22上位于平坦段28的部分包括相对的第一部分225和第二部分226，并且，第一部分225于第一连接点2232处连接第一弯曲部223，第二部分226于第二连接点2242处连接第二弯曲部224。
可以理解的是，在第一极片22、第二极片24和第一层25的三者中，第一极片22位于第一弯折段21的最内侧。
电极组件2内位于的第一弯折段21最内侧的部分具有第一区域23，第一区域23被第一弯曲部223和第二弯曲部224包围。
第一弯曲部223朝向第一区域23的一侧具有第一面2231，第二弯曲部224朝向第一区域23的一侧具有第二面2241，第一面2231连接第二面2241且以拐点211为分界。
第一部分225上朝向第二部分226的一侧具有第一平面2251，第一平面2251于第一连接点2232处连接第一面2231。
第二部分226上朝向第一部分225的一侧具有第二平面2261，第二平面2261于第二连接点2242处连接第二面2241。
第一平面2251和第二平面2261之间设有第一层25，第一平面2251、第一层25和第二平面2261可以依次相互抵接，也可以依次间隔设置。
如图2、图3和图4所示，在一些实施例中，第一平面2251和第二平面2261之间具有一定的间距。
从拐点211往平坦段28延伸的方向为第二方向X，第一方向Z和第三方向Y分别垂直于第二方向X，并且沿第三方向Y观察，第一面2231和第二面2241之间具有第一距离231。
沿第三方向Y观察，第一区域23具有沿第二方向X上的宽度，即第二距离232。
第一面2231和第二面2241之间的第一距离231在第二方向X上彼此不同；第一面2231和第二面2241之间的第一距离231在第三方向Y上彼此不同。并且，第一面2231和第二面2241之间的第一距离231具有最大的第一最大距离2311。该第一最大距离2311具有第一端点2311a和第二端点2311b，第一端点2311a位于第一面2231上，第二端点2311b位于第二面2241上。
以垂直于第二方向X且穿过第一端点2311a和第二端点2311b的平面为起点，沿靠近拐点211的方向上，第一距离231逐渐减小到零；沿远离拐点211的方向上，第一距离231逐渐减小。
如图2、图3和图5所示，第二距离232在第一方向Z上彼此不同；第二距离232在第三方向Y上彼此不同。并且，第二距离232具有最大的第二最大距离2321。第二最大距离2321的一个端点连接拐点211，另一个端点连接第一连接点2232和第二连接点2242连接线段的中点P1。
在一些实施例中，第二最大距离2321大于第一最大距离2311。
如图6所示，沿第三方向Y观察，从拐点211出发至第一面2231和/或第二面2241上任一点的连线构成第三距离H1；从拐点211出发，至第一连接点2232和第二连接点2242连接线段的中点P1的连线构成第四距离H2，且第四距离H2>第三距离H1。
如图7所示，在一些实施例中，第一部分225和第二部分226还可以直接抵接在一起。
如图3所示，在一些实施例中，沿第三方向Y观察，从拐点211至第一连接点2232和第二连接点2242连接线段的中点P1的连线方向可以平行于第二方向X。
如图8和图9所示，在一些实施例中，沿第三方向Y观察，从拐点211至第一连接点2232和第二连接点2242连接线段的中点P1的连线方向可以倾斜于第二方向X。
如图2和图10所示，电极组件2还包括第一金属件26和第二金属件27。
第一极片22还包括第二区域227，第二区域227位于平坦段28，第一金属件26电连接于第二区域227上的第一导电层221。
第二极片24还包括第三区域243，第三区域243位于平坦段28，第二金属件27电连接于第三区域243上的第二导电层241。
在一些实施例中，第二区域227和第三区域243位于平坦段28且靠近于电极组件2的中心区域29。
在本申请中，电极组件2的中心区域29是指电极组件2的堆叠中心。
当第二区域227和第三区域243靠近于电极组件2的中心区域29时，第二区域227可以连接第一部分225或第二部分226，即第一金属件26电连接于第一部分225或第二部分226上的第一导电层221。第三区域243可以相邻于第一部分225或第二部分226，即第二金属件27电连接于相邻于第一部分225或第二部分226的第二极片24上的第二导电层241。
在一些实施例中，第二区域227和第三区域243位于平坦段28且位于电极组件2的外层第二区域。
在本申请中，电极组件2的外层区域是指电极组件2的远离堆叠中心的部分。
第一金属件26包括第一极耳。第一极耳的材料包括但不限于铜箔或铝箔中的任一种。
第二金属件27包括第二极耳。第二极耳的材料包括但不限于铜箔或铝箔中的任一种。
可以理解的是，第二区域227和第三区域243避开于第一区域23，并且与第一区域23之间具有一定的距离。
请继续参阅图1和图2，沿第一方向Z观察，第一金属件26和第二金属件27分别避开于第一区域23，并且与第一区域23之间具有一定的距离。
第一区域23的空间可以用于容纳隔离膜和电解液中的至少一个。
在电芯100进行注液工序时，第一区域23可以为电解液提供流动的通道并且保持电解液，使得电芯100在注液后受电解液浸润的程度更高，从而减少因电解液未完全浸润导致的局部接触不良、性能损失的风险。
并且，在第一区域23外的电解液快消耗殆尽时，位于第一区域23内的电解液可以在毛细作用下流动到电解液缺失的地方以进行补充，延长电芯100的使用寿命。
当第一区域23的空间容纳有隔离膜和电解液中的至少一个时，填充物可以减少第一弯折段21的第一极片22和第二极片24在受压时的形变，降低内应力的积累，实现拐角处的界面优化，提高第一弯折段21的结构刚度。
沿第三方向Y上，第一区域23可以存在于电芯100的不同位置，例如第一区域23位于电芯100沿第三方向Y的端部。
当第一区域23还可以位于电芯100沿第三方向Y的端部，此时，第一区域23内的电解液与第一区域23外的电解液连通或相距较近，可以减少电解液补充时的流动距离。
综上所述，本申请的电极组件2内设有第一区域23，能够提高电芯100的实际保液量，改善循环界面状况，提高电芯100的使用寿命；结构简单可靠，提高电池的经济效率。
另外，本领域技术人员还可在本申请精神内做其它变化，当然，这些依据本申请精神所做的变化，都应包含在本申请所公开的范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电极组件，其特征在于，包括第一极片、第二极片和含有绝缘材料的第一层，所述第一层夹设于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间，所述第一极片、所述第二极片和所述第一层堆叠后部分回折形成所述电极组件；
    所述第一极片包括相对且互相连接的第一面和第二面，所述第一面和所述第二面由所述回折形成并以所述回折的拐点为分界；
    沿第一方向上，所述第一面和所述第二面之间具有距离；
    沿垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向上，所述距离不等。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向上，所述第一面和所述第二面之间具有最大的第一距离，以所述第一距离所在的截面为起点，沿远离和/或靠近所述拐点的方向上，所述第一距离逐渐减小。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，还具有第一区域，所述第一区域被所述第一面和所述第二面包围；
    所述第一区域沿所述第二方向上的最大宽度不小于所述第一区域沿所述第一方向上的最大宽度。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电极组件，其特征在于，沿垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向的第三方向上，所述第一区域沿所述第一方向上的最大宽度不等。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的电极组件，其特征在于，沿垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向的第三方向上，所述第一区域沿所述第二方向上的最大宽度不等。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第一极片还包括：
    相对且相互连接的第一弯曲部和第二弯曲部，所述第一面位于所述第一弯曲部靠近所述第二弯曲部的一侧，所述第二面位于所述第二弯曲部靠近所述第一弯曲部的一侧；
    相对的第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分连接所述第一弯曲部，所述第二部分连接所述第二弯曲部。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电极组件，其特征在于，
    所述第一部分和所述第二部分之间设有所述第一层。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的电极组件，其特征在于，
    所述第一部分包括第一平面；
    所述第二方向与所述第一平面呈一夹角。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的电极组件，其特征在于，还包括第一金属件和第二金属件；
    所述第一极片还包括第一导电层和第二区域，所述第二区域连接所述第一部分或所述第二部分；
    所述第二极片还包括第二导电层和第三区域，所述第三区域相邻于所述第一部分或所述第二部分；
    所述第一金属件电连接所述第二区域上的所述第一导电层；
    所述第二金属件电连接所述第三区域上的所述第二导电层。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的电极组件，其特征在于，还包括第一金属件和第二金属件；
    所述第一极片还包括第一导电层和第二区域，所述第二区域位于所述第一极片远离所述电极组件中心区域的端部；
    所述第二极片还包括第二导电层和第三区域，所述第三区域位于所述第二极片远离所述电极组件中心区域的端部；
    所述第一金属件电连接所述第二区域上的所述第一导电层；
    所述第二金属件电连接所述第三区域上的所述第二导电层。
  11. 如权利要求9或10所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第一导电层包括第一集流体，所述第二导电层包括第二集流体。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第一面和所述第二面之间容纳隔离膜和电解液中的至少一个。
  13. 一种电子装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至12任一项所述的电极组件。
PCT/CN2021/084751 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 电极组件及电子装置 WO2022205227A1 (zh)

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