WO2022201225A1 - 制御装置、制御方法及びプログラム - Google Patents

制御装置、制御方法及びプログラム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022201225A1
WO2022201225A1 PCT/JP2021/011625 JP2021011625W WO2022201225A1 WO 2022201225 A1 WO2022201225 A1 WO 2022201225A1 JP 2021011625 W JP2021011625 W JP 2021011625W WO 2022201225 A1 WO2022201225 A1 WO 2022201225A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
qoe
terminal
bit rate
upload
terminals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2021/011625
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
将裕 横田
和久 山岸
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NTT Inc
Original Assignee
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp filed Critical Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
Priority to PCT/JP2021/011625 priority Critical patent/WO2022201225A1/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2021/026085 priority patent/WO2022201569A1/ja
Priority to JP2023508432A priority patent/JP7448091B2/ja
Publication of WO2022201225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022201225A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/637—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
    • H04N21/6373—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components for rate control, e.g. request to the server to modify its transmission rate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/14—Systems for two-way working
    • H04N7/15—Conference systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control device, control method and program.
  • WebRTC is a technology standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium and Internet Engineering Task Force.
  • WebRTC has a control method that uses QoS (Quality of Service) information such as bandwidth and packet loss as a bit rate control method for increasing QoE (Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2). .
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • Non-Patent Document 1 defines a message for estimating and notifying the available bandwidth for a session. When this message is received, by reducing the transmission bit rate to the notified bandwidth or less, distribution at a bit rate equal to or less than the available bandwidth is realized.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 controls the transmission bit rate based on packet loss and delay. Specifically, when a certain number of packet losses or more occur, it is determined that there is congestion, and the transmission rate is adjusted. In addition, the jitter caused by congestion is estimated from the observed jitter, and if the estimated value is above a certain value and continues for a certain time or longer, it is determined that congestion has occurred, and the transmission rate is adjusted. .
  • QoE When communicating with a large number of people, QoE must be calculated based on the video quality delivered by each user.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and aims to suppress the amount of data communication while maintaining the user's quality of experience.
  • a control device for controlling online real-time communication by a plurality of terminals is configured so that the upload bit rate of a first terminal among the plurality of terminals is equal to or less than the estimated upload available bandwidth after a predetermined time has elapsed.
  • a selection unit that selects from a bit rate ladder an upload bit rate that maximizes the QoE value within a range of a target value or less; and an instruction for encoding at the upload bit rate selected by the selection unit to the first terminal and an indicator for sending to.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an online real-time communication system according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example hardware configuration of a control server 10 according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating functional configuration examples of a client terminal 20 and a control server 10 according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining selection of an upload bit rate
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of functional configurations of a client terminal 20 and a control server 10 according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining calculation of the amount of available data for each day
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a relational expression between a daily average data amount and a daily average QoE;
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an online real-time communication system according to the first embodiment.
  • a plurality of client terminals 20 are connected to a distribution server 30 and a control server 10 via a network such as the Internet.
  • Each of the plurality of client terminals 20 is a communication terminal such as a PC (Personal Computer), a smartphone, or a tablet terminal used by a user who participates in online real-time communication such as a web conference.
  • the client terminal 20 transmits various logs to the control server 10, and encodes and transmits data related to media (video, audio, etc.) (hereinafter referred to as "media data") according to instructions from the control server 10. , receive and play media data from other participants.
  • the control server 10 is one or more computers that instruct encoding parameters to each client terminal 20 .
  • the encoding parameter is the upload bitrate in one example.
  • the encoding parameters may be indicated by upload bitrate, resolution and frame rate.
  • the distribution server 30 is one or more computers that distribute media data transmitted (uploaded) from each client terminal 20 to other client terminals 20 .
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration example of the control server 10 according to the first embodiment.
  • the control server 10 of FIG. 2 has a drive device 100, an auxiliary storage device 102, a memory device 103, a CPU 104, an interface device 105, and the like, which are connected to each other via a bus B, respectively.
  • a program that implements processing in the control server 10 is provided by a recording medium 101 such as a CD-ROM.
  • a recording medium 101 such as a CD-ROM.
  • the program is installed from the recording medium 101 to the auxiliary storage device 102 via the drive device 100 .
  • the program does not necessarily need to be installed from the recording medium 101, and may be downloaded from another computer via the network.
  • the auxiliary storage device 102 stores installed programs, as well as necessary files and data.
  • the memory device 103 reads and stores the program from the auxiliary storage device 102 when a program activation instruction is received.
  • the CPU 104 executes functions related to the control server 10 according to programs stored in the memory device 103 .
  • the interface device 105 is used as an interface for connecting to a network.
  • the client terminal 20 and the distribution server 30 may also have the same hardware configuration as in FIG.
  • the client terminal 20 has a display device and a speaker for outputting media data, a camera and a microphone for inputting media data, and the like.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a functional configuration example of the client terminal 20 and the control server 10 in the first embodiment.
  • the client terminal 20 has a client log transmission unit 21, an encoding parameter control unit 22, a transmission data encoding unit 23, and a reception data decoding unit 24. Each of these units is realized by processing that one or more programs installed in the client terminal 20 cause the CPU of the client terminal 20 to execute.
  • the control server 10 has a client log collection unit 11 , a server log collection unit 12 , a target QoE input unit 13 , an encoding parameter selection unit 14 and an encoding parameter instruction unit 15 . These units are implemented by one or more programs installed in the control server 10 that cause the CPU 104 to execute.
  • a processing procedure executed in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. It should be noted that the following processing is executed during online real-time communication such as a web conference (hereinafter simply referred to as “web conference”) unless otherwise specified. Also, the following processing is executed for each of the plurality of client terminals 20 participating in the web conference, but for convenience, the description will focus on one client terminal 20 (hereinafter referred to as “target client terminal 20"). .
  • the client log transmission unit 21 of the target client terminal 20 transmits a log (hereinafter referred to as "client log") containing information necessary for estimating encoding parameters of media data such as an upload bit rate after the start of the Web conference.
  • Logs are periodically collected from the target client terminal 20 (for example, at intervals of 1 second), and the collected client logs are transmitted to the control server 10 .
  • the client log transmission unit 21 transmits information about the quality of each stream (implemented upload bit rate, playback stop information, frame rate, resolution), information about the target client terminal 20 (used terminal, display size), Playback status (display screen size, mute status, display screen (camera screen, screen sharing, etc.)) and QoS (Quality of Service) information (download/upload throughput, RTT (Round Trip Time), jitter, packet loss rate, etc.) ) and send a client log containing this information to the control server 10 .
  • Information about QoS (hereinafter referred to as “QoS information”) may be acquired by either the target client terminal 20 or the control server 10 .
  • a stream unit refers to a communication unit for audio communication, video communication, and screen sharing communication. If multiple streams (audio, video, screen sharing) are included in one transfer cycle of the client log, the client log includes information on the quality of the multiple streams.
  • the client log collection unit 11 of the control server 10 receives the client log transmitted from the client log transmission unit 21.
  • the control server 10 basically executes the following process each time a client log is received.
  • the server log collection unit 12 collects a log (hereinafter referred to as "server log") containing information necessary for estimating encoding parameters (upload bit rate, etc.) each time a client log is received. Specifically, the server log collection unit 12 collects information (download/upload throughput, RTT, jitter, packet loss rate, etc.) related to the quality of service (QoS) for each stream as information necessary for estimating the encoding parameters. ) information. Note that when the QoS information is included in the client log, the server log collection unit 12 does not need to collect the QoS information.
  • the target QoE input unit 13 receives an input of a QoE (Quality of Experience) target value (hereinafter referred to as "target QoE") from the operator, and inputs the target QoE to the encoding parameter selection unit 14.
  • target QoE Quality of Experience
  • the target QoE is input in advance as a common value for all Web conferences. However, the target QoE may be changed at any timing.
  • the encoding parameter selection unit 14 executes processing each time a server log is collected. Based on the QoS information included in the latest client log or server log, the encoding parameter selection unit 14 calculates an estimated value of the available bandwidth from the current time until T2 seconds have passed. Specifically, the encoding parameter selection unit 14 multiplies the maximum upload throughput and download throughput achievable by the target client terminal 20 by a ratio ⁇ (0 ⁇ 1) specified by the operator. Estimated values of available bandwidth (available upload bandwidth, available download bandwidth) for T2 seconds (hereinafter simply referred to as "available upload bandwidth” and "available download bandwidth”).
  • the target client terminal 20 If the maximum upload throughput and the maximum download throughput that can be achieved by the target client terminal 20 cannot be obtained, and only the transfer data speed can be obtained, and no packet loss occurs, a sufficiently large value is the available bandwidth. should be an estimated value of On the other hand, when a certain number or more of packet losses have occurred, the result of multiplying the transfer data rate by ⁇ may be used as the estimated value of the available bandwidth. It is assumed that the packet loss threshold is given in advance. Since the QoE deteriorates significantly due to the occurrence of playback stop, it is necessary that the upload bit rate of the target client terminal 20 is equal to or lower than the available upload bandwidth, as shown in Equation 1 below, based on the available bandwidth information. In this embodiment, it is assumed that three people are holding a web conference (three users A, B, and C are conducting online real-time communication). Note that T2 seconds is a parameter indicating how much time in the future the quality is to be considered, and is set in advance.
  • the available download bandwidth of the target client terminal 20 is equal to the upload bit rate of the client terminals 20 of other members participating in communication using the same service. must be greater than or equal to the sum of
  • the encoding parameter selection unit 14 uses the QoE model (equation 3) that is an extension of Non-Patent Document 3, T1 seconds before the current time is input the bit rate, frame rate, and resolution obtained from the client log, and from the current time to T2 seconds later, the bit rate, frame rate, and resolution of the bit rate ladder are input to calculate the QoE value, and the target QoE The bit rate, frame rate, and resolution at which the maximum QoE value within the range below the target QoE input from the input unit 13 is calculated are selected as encoding parameters to be indicated (FIG. 4).
  • the bitrate ladder may not include frame rate and resolution.
  • the encoding parameter selection unit 14 may select only the upload bit rate for each user using the most recent values for the resolution and frame rate.
  • the selection of the encoding parameter as described above by the encoding parameter selection unit 14 corresponds to the selection of the encoding parameter that brings the QoE after T2 seconds closer to the target QoE. It should be noted that T1 second is a parameter indicating how much time in the past is taken into account, and is set in advance.
  • the video quality (QoE value) of the target client terminal 20 is determined by the upload bit rate of another user participating in the same communication, and the size of the screen on which each user is displayed. , and the display screen (screen sharing or camera image).
  • Equation 4 describes a QoE model for a case where only camera images are shared by three participating users and each display screen size is uniform.
  • Equation 4 shows a QoE model that calculates each participating user's QoE based on the other participating users' encoding parameters (upload bitrate, frame rate, and resolution). If screen sharing is implemented, add a section on screen sharing.
  • the screen sharing term utilizes the QoE formula for a single stream of screen sharing.
  • the screen size is calculated according to the screen size ratio of the camera image and the entire screen sharing.
  • the QoE model to be referred to is not limited to Non-Patent Document 3 as long as it is a model that can evaluate QoE with media parameters equivalent to those of Non-Patent Document 3 as inputs.
  • the encoding parameter instruction unit 15 of the control server 10 transmits an instruction to the client terminal 20 to execute encoding and transmission of media data using the encoding parameters selected by the encoding parameter selection unit 14. .
  • the encoding parameter selection unit 14 selects upload bitrate, resolution and frame rate
  • the encoding parameters include upload bitrate, resolution and frame rate.
  • the encoding parameters include only the upload bitrate.
  • the encoding parameter control unit 22 of the client terminal 20 sets the encoding parameter specified in the instruction received from the control server 10 to the transmission data encoding unit 23.
  • the transmission data encoding unit 23 encodes the media data based on the set encoding parameters (that is, the encoding parameters instructed by the control server 10), and transmits the encoded media data.
  • the amount of data communication is suppressed without greatly reducing the QoE (while maintaining the user's QoE). can do.
  • a user who has a contract with a plan in which an upper limit is set for the amount of data communication is less likely to reach the speed limit and lower QoE.
  • 2nd Embodiment demonstrates a different point from 1st Embodiment. Points not specifically mentioned in the second embodiment may be the same as in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a functional configuration example of the client terminal 20 and the control server 10 in the second embodiment.
  • the same parts as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
  • the server log collection unit 12 is replaced with a server log collection unit 12a
  • the target QoE input unit 13 is replaced with a target QoE calculation unit 16.
  • the server log collection unit 12a collects the information necessary for estimating the target QoE from the server in addition to the information necessary for estimating the encoding parameters. Collect as logs.
  • the information necessary for estimating the target QoE is, for example, performance information (data usage (data transfer volume), meeting time, number of meeting participants, number of meetings, etc.) for each past web conference (online real-time communication). be.
  • the performance information is stored in the control server 10, for example.
  • the target QoE calculator 16 estimates the target QoE.
  • a web conference service provider uses a cloud service that provides network equipment (hereinafter simply referred to as "cloud service”) to provide the web conference service.
  • Web conferencing service providers have entered into a contract to pay a fee (operation cost) for the amount of data transferred with regard to the use of the cloud service.
  • the target QoE calculation unit 16 calculates the estimated execution date (estimation of the target QoE
  • the daily average data volume is calculated by aggregating the daily cumulative data volume of the service provider and dividing the cumulative data volume by the number of days in the period.
  • the target QoE calculation unit 16 calculates the available remaining data volume from the operating cost budget (the fee to be paid for the cloud service) and the cost per band input by the operator.
  • the target QoE calculation unit 16 calculates the daily available data volume (daily available data volume) from the available remaining data volume from the current time and the remaining number of days until the collection closing date (for example, the end of the month) as follows ( Figure 6).
  • Daily available data volume Remaining available data volume / (Aggregation closing date - Estimated execution date)
  • the solid line indicates the amount of accumulated data for each day.
  • a dashed line indicates a cumulative value based on the daily average data amount obtained by dividing the cumulative data by the number of days.
  • the one-dot chain line indicates the daily available data amount.
  • the target QoE calculation unit 16 calculates the daily average QoE corresponding to the daily available data volume in the relational expression (FIG. 7) between the daily average data volume and the daily average QoE, and calculates the daily target average QoE (target QoE for the day). ). Since the average QoE is a daily value, the target QoE estimation by the target QoE calculator 16 may be performed once a day. That is, the target QoE should be updated each time one day passes. The target QoE calculator 16 passes the calculated target QoE to the encoding parameter selector 14 . Note that the relational expression between the daily average data amount and the daily average QoE is constructed (learned) by using the information because the same information is accumulated in the conference record information.
  • control server 10 is an example of a control device.
  • the encoding parameter selection unit 14 is an example of a selection unit.
  • the encoding parameter instruction section 15 is an example of an instruction section.
  • the target QoE calculator 16 is an example of a calculator.
  • the target client terminal 20 is an example of a first terminal. After T2 seconds is an example after a predetermined time has elapsed.
  • control server 11 client log collection unit 12 server log collection unit 12a server log collection unit 13 target QoE input unit 14 encoding parameter selection unit 15 encoding parameter instruction unit 16 target QoE calculation unit 20 client terminal 21 client log transmission unit 22 code encoding parameter control unit 23 transmission data encoding unit 24 reception data decoding unit 30 distribution server 100 drive device 101 recording medium 102 auxiliary storage device 103 memory device 104 CPU 105 interface device B bus

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
PCT/JP2021/011625 2021-03-22 2021-03-22 制御装置、制御方法及びプログラム Ceased WO2022201225A1 (ja)

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PCT/JP2021/011625 WO2022201225A1 (ja) 2021-03-22 2021-03-22 制御装置、制御方法及びプログラム
PCT/JP2021/026085 WO2022201569A1 (ja) 2021-03-22 2021-07-12 制御装置、制御方法及びプログラム
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