WO2022198816A1 - 一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022198816A1
WO2022198816A1 PCT/CN2021/102086 CN2021102086W WO2022198816A1 WO 2022198816 A1 WO2022198816 A1 WO 2022198816A1 CN 2021102086 W CN2021102086 W CN 2021102086W WO 2022198816 A1 WO2022198816 A1 WO 2022198816A1
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Prior art keywords
ice
melting
salt
melting agent
chlorine
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PCT/CN2021/102086
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑少鹏
陈亮亮
黎晓
程志豪
谷永云
周沛延
张莹莹
陈华斌
程海洲
Original Assignee
云南省交通规划设计研究院有限公司
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Application filed by 云南省交通规划设计研究院有限公司 filed Critical 云南省交通规划设计研究院有限公司
Priority to CA3195212A priority Critical patent/CA3195212A1/en
Publication of WO2022198816A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022198816A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/18—Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
    • C09K3/185—Thawing materials

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of highway engineering in transportation engineering, and in particular relates to a low-chloride salt and chlorine-free salt environmental protection ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier and a preparation method thereof.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a low-chlorine salt and chlorine-free salt-based environmental protection ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier and a preparation method thereof, which can reduce the impact on road structures and facilities and the surrounding environment. Corrosion damage, and minimize the application cost of environmentally friendly de-icing agents that do not contain chlorine salts, effectively solve the practical problem of snow and ice on roads in winter.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of volcanic ash and pine bark powder with a mass of 12.5-13.5:1
  • the ice-melting agent is powdery industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic The mass ratio of material and water is 13.5-14.5:1.4-1.6:0.45-0.55:3.6-3.8;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolana and pine bark powder with a mass of 11-12:1
  • the ice-melting agent is calcium acetate
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the The mass ratio of water is 12-13:4.5-5.5:0.45-0.55:3.3-3.7;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of bagasse and pozzolan with a mass of 9-11:3.8-4.2
  • the ice-melting agent is powdery industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent The mass ratio of hydrophobic material and water is 14:1.5:0.5:4.5;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of bagasse and pozzolan with a mass of 9-11:2.2-2.8
  • the ice-melting agent is calcium acetate
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silicon dioxide
  • the mass ratio of water is 12-13:4.5-5.5:0.4-0.6:4.2-4.8.
  • the water is drinking water.
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolan and pine bark powder with a mass of 13:1
  • the ice-melting agent is powdery industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, melting The mass ratio of ice agent, hydrophobic material and water is 14:1.5:0.5:3.7.
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolana and pine bark powder with a mass of 11.5:1
  • the ice-melting agent is calcium acetate
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silicon dioxide
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent , the mass ratio of hydrophobic material and water is 12.5:5:0.5:3.5.
  • the adhering material is a mixture of bagasse and pozzolan with a mass of 10:4
  • the ice-melting agent is powdery industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, ice-melting agent The mass ratio of agent, hydrophobic material and water is 14:1.5:0.5:4.5.
  • the adhering material is a mixture of bagasse and pozzolan with a mass of 10:2.5
  • the ice-melting agent is calcium acetate
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent The mass ratio of hydrophobic material and water is 12.5:5:0.5:4.5.
  • the present invention also provides the preparation method of the above-mentioned low-chloride salt and non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material based on the attachment carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • the drying temperature is 105° C. and the time is more than 2 hours.
  • the key step of preparing the ice-melting material of the present invention is to dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water. If the ice-melting agent is not dissolved in water, each group of materials is directly mixed and stirred. The dispersion is not uniform, resulting in a large dispersion of the test results, and the ideal ice melting effect cannot be achieved.
  • the amount of the hydrophobic material should be strictly controlled, it is recommended to control it within 3%, and the present invention is basically controlled at about 2%.
  • the effect of ice-melting material can be better exerted, and excessive hydrophobic material will affect the anti-skid performance of the road surface and bring certain risks to traffic safety.
  • the amount of the ice-melting agent should be controlled within a reasonable range, and the content of the chlorine-containing salt-based ice-melting agent is easily controlled at about 5% to 10%, and an excessively small amount will affect its ice-melting effect.
  • excessive use of chlorine salt will cause greater corrosion to the pavement structure and the environment along the line.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the ice and snow melting material of the invention can reduce the corrosion and damage to the highway structure facilities and the surrounding environment, reduce the application cost of the environment-friendly ice melting agent without chlorine salt to the greatest extent, and effectively solve the practical problem of snow freezing on the road area in winter. .
  • the ice-melting material of the invention greatly reduces the usage amount of chloride salts, and under the condition of achieving an ideal ice-melting effect, the usage amount of chloride salts can be reduced to about 7% of the traditional operation.
  • the amount of chlorine salt is 0, and the price can be reduced by about 70% compared with the simple environmental protection snow melting agent. Under the condition that the ice melting effect is basically the same, reducing the use of chlorine salt or reducing the price of the environmental protection snow melting agent will protect the pavement structure and the environment along the line. It has significant social and economic benefits and favorably supports the development of safe transportation, green transportation and environmental protection.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolana and pine bark powder with a mass of 12.5:1
  • the ice-melting agent is powdered industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the The mass ratio of water is 13.5:1.4:0.45:3.6;
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolan and pine bark powder with a mass of 13.5:1
  • the ice-melting agent is powdery industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the The mass ratio of water is 14.5:1.6:0.55:3.8;
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolana and pine bark powder with a mass of 13:1
  • the ice-melting agent is powdered industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the The mass ratio of water is 14:1.5:0.5:3.7.
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • the drying temperature is 105°C, and the time is more than 2 hours.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolana and pine bark powder with a mass of 12.5:1
  • the ice-melting agent is powdered industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the The mass ratio of water is 13.5:1.4:0.45:3.6;
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolan and pine bark powder with a mass of 13.5:1
  • the ice-melting agent is powdery industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the The mass ratio of water is 14.5:1.6:0.55:3.8;
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolana and pine bark powder with a mass of 11.5:1
  • the ice-melting agent is calcium acetate
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the water are mixed together.
  • the mass ratio is 12.5:5:0.5:3.5.
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • the drying temperature is 105°C, and the time is more than 2 hours.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolana and pine bark powder with a mass of 12.5:1
  • the ice-melting agent is powdered industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the The mass ratio of water is 13.5:1.4:0.45:3.6;
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolan and pine bark powder with a mass of 13.5:1
  • the ice-melting agent is powdery industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the The mass ratio of water is 14.5:1.6:0.55:3.8;
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of bagasse and pozzolan with a mass of 10:4
  • the deicing agent is powdery industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the deicing agent, the hydrophobic material and the water The mass ratio is 14:1.5:0.5:4.5.
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • the drying temperature is 105°C, and the time is more than 2 hours.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolana and pine bark powder with a mass of 12.5:1
  • the ice-melting agent is powdered industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the The mass ratio of water is 13.5:1.4:0.45:3.6;
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of pozzolan and pine bark powder with a mass of 13.5:1
  • the ice-melting agent is powdery industrial salt
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the The mass ratio of water is 14.5:1.6:0.55:3.8;
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • a low-chlorine salt and non-chlorine salt-free environment-friendly ice-melting material based on an attachment carrier comprising an attachment material, an ice-melting agent, a hydrophobic material and water;
  • the adhering material is a mixture of bagasse and pozzolan with a mass of 10:2.5
  • the ice-melting agent is calcium acetate
  • the hydrophobic material is nano-silica
  • the mass of the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, the hydrophobic material and the water is The ratio is 12.5:5:0.5:4.5.
  • the present embodiment is based on the preparation method of the low-chloride salt and the non-chloride salt environment-friendly ice-melting material attached to the carrier, comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolve the ice-melting agent completely in water, and stir to form the ice-melting agent liquid;
  • step (2) the adhering material, the ice-melting agent, and the hydrophobic material are mixed uniformly in proportion to form a uniformly mixed solid powder;
  • step (3) the ice-melting agent liquid obtained in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solid powder obtained in step (2) and evenly stirred, and then made into particles with a diameter less than 2 mm, then dried, and naturally cooled to Room temperature, that is.
  • the drying temperature is 105°C, and the time is more than 2 hours.
  • the present invention is composed of attachment material, ice-melting agent, hydrophobic material and water, and is divided into two categories: internal mixing type and external use type, and each category is further divided into low-chloride salt type and chlorine-free salt type.
  • the specific preparation scheme is as follows:
  • the components of the low-chloride salt-based ice and snow melting material are all powdered materials, and the adhering material is composed of volcanic ash and pine bark powder, and the composition ratio is 13:1 by mass; the ice melting agent is powdered For industrial salt, the mass fraction ratio is 1.5; the hydrophobic material is nano-silica, and its mass fraction ratio is 0.5; the water is drinking water, and its mass fraction ratio is 3.7.
  • the content of chlorine salt in the low-chloride salt-based ice and snow melting material is about 7.6%, and the mass ratio of each component is:
  • Adhesion material: ice melting agent: hydrophobic material: water 14:1.5:0.5:3.7 .
  • the specific production method is:
  • the low chloride salt type ice and snow melting material (ND-I type) of the present invention can be used to replace the mineral powder in the asphalt mixture in highway engineering, and can effectively reduce the adhesion between the road pavement and the icing layer. It was confirmed that the present invention was used to replace 30% of the mineral powder in the common asphalt mixture, and the icing test was carried out at -10°C. At this time, the content of chloride salt was only 2.28%. The adhesion between the icing layers is reduced by more than 80%, and the icing time of the road surface is effectively delayed by more than 1.6 times.
  • NW-I type Non-chlorine salt type ice and snow melting material
  • the components of the non-chlorine salt type ice and snow melting material are all powdered materials, and the adhering material is composed of volcanic ash and pine bark powder, and the composition ratio is 11.5:1 by mass; the ice melting agent is calcium acetate , its mass fraction ratio is 5; the hydrophobic material is nano-silica, and its mass fraction ratio is 0.5; the water is drinking water, and its mass fraction ratio is 3.5.
  • the specific production method is:
  • the non-chlorine salt type ice and snow melting material (NW-I type) of the invention can be used to replace the mineral powder in the asphalt mixture in highway engineering, and can effectively reduce the cohesion between the road pavement and the icing layer, which is confirmed by laboratory tests , using the present invention to replace 30% of the mineral powder in the ordinary asphalt mixture, and carrying out the icing test under the condition of -10 °C, at this time, the content of chlorine salt is only 2.28%.
  • the adhesion between the ice layers is reduced by more than 75%, and the icing time of the road surface is effectively delayed by more than 1.4 times.
  • External low chloride salt type ice and snow melting material uses powdered materials for each component, wherein the adhering material is composed of bagasse and pozzolan, and the composition ratio is 10:4 by mass; the ice melting agent is powdered industrial salt , its mass fraction ratio is 1.5; the hydrophobic material is nano-silica, and its mass fraction ratio is 0.5; the water is drinking water, and its mass fraction ratio is 4.5.
  • the specific production method is:
  • the low-chloride salt type ice and snow melting material (WD-I type) of the invention can be directly spread on the surface of the road pavement, used as the preventive maintenance of the road surface in winter and the disposal material of snowfall and icing, and used for preventing the road from freezing and removing ice and snow in winter.
  • the auxiliary measures can effectively reduce the adhesion between the road surface and the icing layer. It is confirmed by the laboratory test that the actual net content of chlorine salt is only It is 3.9g/m2. Compared with the material of the present invention, the adhesion between the road pavement and the icing layer is reduced by more than 85%, and the icing time of the road surface is effectively delayed by more than 1.5 times.
  • the present invention is more effective in reducing the adhesion between the road surface and the icing layer under the same premise of delaying the freezing time of the road surface under the same chlorine-containing salt level compared with the simple use of chlorine salt, It can be improved by more than 20%.
  • the external chlorine-free salt type ice and snow melting material uses powdered materials for each component, wherein the adhering material is composed of bagasse and volcanic ash, and the composition ratio is 10:2.5 by mass; the ice melting agent is calcium acetate, which is The mass fraction ratio is 5; the hydrophobic material is nano-silica, and its mass fraction ratio is 0.5; the water is drinking water, and its mass fraction ratio is 4.5.
  • the specific production method is:
  • the non-chlorine salt type ice and snow melting material (WW-I type) of the invention can be directly spread on the surface of the road pavement, used as the preventive maintenance of the road surface in winter and the disposal material of snowfall and icing, and used for preventing the road from freezing and removing ice and snow in winter.
  • the auxiliary measures can effectively reduce the adhesion between the road surface and the icing layer. It has been confirmed by the laboratory test that the use of the present invention under the control of the spreading amount of 50g/m2 and the conditions of -10 °C, compared with the material of the present invention without spreading , the adhesion between the road surface and the icing layer is reduced by about 80%.
  • the present invention is basically equivalent in delaying the road icing time and reducing the adhesion between the road surface and the icing layer compared with the simple use of chlorine salt under the same dosage conditions, and the cost is only the usual environmentally friendly type on the market. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the effect of melting ice and snow, the present invention greatly reduces the cost of the environment-friendly non-chlorine salt-melting ice-melting agent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料及其制备方法，属于交通运输工程中公路工程技术领域。该环保融冰材料包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；附着材料为火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物、或甘蔗渣与火山灰的混合物；融冰剂为粉状工业盐或醋酸钙；疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅。本发明融冰雪材料能减少对公路结构设施和周围环境的腐蚀破坏，并最大限度的降低不含氯盐的环保型融冰剂的应用成本，切实有效地解决冬季路面积雪结冰的实际问题。

Description

一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于交通运输工程中公路工程技术领域，具体涉及一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
据不完全统计，现阶段公路路面除冰雪使用的融冰雪材料90％以上为氯盐类，仅凭经验撒布，平均每次撒布量之大多在200-500g/㎡，对公路路面、桥面、护栏等附属设施造成较大的腐蚀，且对沿线土壤造成较大的破坏，而针对路面降雪结冰的无氯盐环保型融冰剂费用昂贵，是普通氯盐类融冰剂的20倍左右，制约着无氯盐环保型融冰剂大规模使用。
针对冬季低温和冰雪条件下的融冰化雪需求，以及传统公路冬季养护作业中融冰化雪氯盐过量撒布，以大量使用工业盐造成的环境污染与基础设施腐蚀破坏，加之目前无氯盐环保型融冰剂价格偏高的工程实际问题，亟需开展路面融冰化雪新材料研究，以降低氯盐在公路路面除冰雪中的用量，保护路面结构设施和生态环境，同时降低路面融冰剂的成本，以利于推广应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术的不足，提供一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料及其制备方法，该融冰雪材料能减少对公路结构设施和周围环境的腐蚀破坏，并最大限度的降低不含氯盐的环保型融冰剂的应用成本，切实有效地解决冬季路面积雪结冰的实际问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为12.5-13.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为13.5-14.5：1.4-1.6：0.45-0.55：3.6-3.8；
当所述的附着材料为质量为11-12：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为醋酸钙，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为12-13：4.5-5.5：0.45-0.55：3.3-3.7；
当所述的附着材料为质量为9-11：3.8-4.2的甘蔗渣与火山灰的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水 材料和水的质量比为14：1.5：0.5：4.5；
当所述的附着材料为质量为9-11：2.2-2.8的甘蔗渣与火山灰的混合物时，融冰剂为醋酸钙，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为12-13：4.5-5.5：0.4-0.6：4.2-4.8。
进一步，优选的是，水为饮用水。
进一步，优选的是，当所述的附着材料为质量为13：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为14：1.5：0.5：3.7。
进一步，优选的是，当所述的附着材料为质量为11.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为醋酸钙，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为12.5：5：0.5：3.5。
进一步，优选的是，当所述的附着材料为质量为10：4的甘蔗渣与火山灰的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为14：1.5：0.5：4.5。
进一步，优选的是，当所述的附着材料为质量为10：2.5的甘蔗渣与火山灰的混合物时，融冰剂为醋酸钙，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为12.5：5：0.5：4.5。
本发明同时提供上述基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
进一步，优选的是，烘干温度为105℃，时间为2小时以上。
(1)制备本发明融冰材料的关键步骤是将融冰剂完全溶于水，如不将融冰剂溶于水，直接将各组材料混合搅拌，其制备的融冰材料中融冰剂分散不均匀，导致其试验结果离散性较大，达不到理想的融冰效果。
(2)制备本发明融冰材料时，应严格控制疏水材料的用量，建议控制在3％以内，本发明基本控制在2％左右，适量疏水材料可以增强融冰材料降低粘结力 的作用，更好地发挥融冰材料的效果，而过量的疏水材料会影响路面抗滑性能，给交通安全带来一定的风险。
(3)制备本发明融冰材料，其融冰剂的用量应控制在合理的范围，含氯盐融冰剂含量易控制在5％～10％左右，过少用量会影响其融冰效果的发挥，而过量使用氯盐，又会对路面结构及沿线环境造成较大的腐蚀作用。
针对不含氯盐的环保融冰剂易控制在20％-25％左右，同样过少的使用会影响其效果发挥，而过量使用会导致其造价的增加，不利于推广应用。
本发明与现有技术相比，其有益效果为：
本发明融冰雪材料能减少对公路结构设施和周围环境的腐蚀破坏，并最大限度的降低不含氯盐的环保型融冰剂的应用成本，切实有效地解决冬季路面积雪结冰的实际问题。
本发明融冰材料大大降低了氯盐的使用量，在达到理想融冰效果条件下，氯盐使用量可以降低到传统作业的7％左右，针对本发明涉及的环保型融冰材料，其含氯盐量为0，而价格较单纯环保型融雪剂可以降低70％左右，在融冰效果基本相当的条件下，降低氯盐的使用或降低环保融雪剂的价格，对保护路面结构和沿线环境具有显著的社会经济效益，有利地支撑了平安交通、绿色交通和环境保护的发展。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用材料或设备未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为12.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为13.5：1.4：0.45：3.6；
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
实施例2
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为13.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为14.5：1.6：0.55：3.8；
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
实施例3
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为13：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为14：1.5：0.5：3.7。
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
烘干温度为105℃，时间为2小时以上。
实施例4
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为12.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为13.5：1.4：0.45：3.6；
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
实施例5
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为13.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为14.5：1.6：0.55：3.8；
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自 然冷却至室温，即得。
实施例6
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为11.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为醋酸钙，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为12.5：5：0.5：3.5。
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
烘干温度为105℃，时间为2小时以上。
实施例7
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为12.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为13.5：1.4：0.45：3.6；
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
实施例8
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为13.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为14.5：1.6：0.55：3.8；
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
实施例9
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为10：4的甘蔗渣与火山灰的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为14：1.5：0.5：4.5。
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
烘干温度为105℃，时间为2小时以上。
实施例10
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为12.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为13.5：1.4：0.45：3.6；
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
实施例11
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为13.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为14.5：1.6：0.55：3.8；
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
实施例12
一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
当所述的附着材料为质量为10：2.5的甘蔗渣与火山灰的混合物时，融冰剂为醋酸钙，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为12.5：5：0.5：4.5。
本实施例基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
烘干温度为105℃，时间为2小时以上。
应用实例
本发明由附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料、水组成，分为内掺型和外用型两个大类，每种类别又分为低氯盐型和无氯盐型，具体制作方案为：
一、内掺型
(1)低氯盐型融冰雪材料(ND-I型)
内掺低氯盐型融冰雪材料(ND-I型)各组分均采用粉末状材料，其中附着材料由火山灰与松树皮粉末组成，组成比例按质量为13：1；融冰剂采用粉状工业盐，其质量分数占比为1.5；疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，其质量分数占比为0.5；水采用饮用水，其质量分数占比为3.7。
内掺低氯盐型融冰雪材料(ND-I型)中氯盐含量约为7.6％，各个组分质量比为，附着材料：融冰剂：疏水材料：水＝14：1.5：0.5：3.7。具体制作方式为：
为了使得融冰剂可以均匀分散，首先将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体，然后将剩余各组分材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末，再将融冰剂液体缓慢加入到混合固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，制作过程中应特别注意两点关键步骤，一是先将融冰剂与水混合均匀形成融冰剂液体，二是将固体粉末混合均匀形成混合固体粉末，之后将两者混合均匀后，制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒状，放入105℃的环境下进行烘干2小时以上，取出颗粒在自然条件下冷却至室温。
本发明内掺低氯盐型融冰雪材料(ND-I型)可以替代公路工程中沥青混合料中的矿粉使用，可以有效降低公路路面与结冰层之间的粘结力，经室内试验证实，使用本发明替代普通沥青混合料中矿粉30％，在-10℃条件下进行结冰试验，此时氯盐的掺量仅为2.28％，与未撒布本发明材料对比，公路路面与结冰层 之间的粘结力降低了80％以上，并且有效延缓了路面结冰时间达1.6倍以上。
(2)无氯盐型融冰雪材料(NW-I型)
内掺无氯盐型融冰雪材料(NW-I型)各组分均采用粉末状材料，其中附着材料由火山灰与松树皮粉末组成，组成比例按质量为11.5：1；融冰剂采用醋酸钙，其质量分数占比为5；疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，其质量分数占比为0.5；水采用饮用水，其质量分数占比为3.5。
内掺无氯盐型融冰雪材料(NW-I型)中氯盐含量为0，各个组分质量比为，附着材料：融冰剂：疏水材料：水＝12.5：5：0.5：3.5。具体制作方式为：
为了使得融冰剂可以均匀分散，首先将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体，然后将剩余各组分材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末，再将融冰剂液体缓慢加入到混合固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，制作过程中应特别注意两点关键步骤，一是先将融冰剂与水混合均匀形成融冰剂液体，二是将固体粉末混合均匀形成混合固体粉末，之后将两者混合均匀后，制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒状，放入105℃的环境下进行烘干2小时以上，取出颗粒在自然条件下冷却至室温。
本发明内掺无氯盐型融冰雪材料(NW-I型)可以替代公路工程中沥青混合料中的矿粉使用，有效降低公路路面与结冰层之间的粘结力，经室内试验证实，使用本发明替代普通沥青混合料中矿粉30％，在-10℃条件下进行结冰试验，此时氯盐的掺量仅为2.28％，与未撒布本发明材料对比，公路路面与结冰层之间的粘结力降低了75％以上，并且有效延缓了路面结冰时间达1.4倍以上。
二、外用型
(1)低氯盐型融冰雪材料(WD-I型)
外用低氯盐型融冰雪材料(WD-I型)各组分均采用粉末状材料，其中附着材料由甘蔗渣与火山灰组成，组成比例按质量为10：4；融冰剂采用粉状工业盐，其质量分数占比为1.5；疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，其质量分数占比为0.5；水采用饮用水，其质量分数占比为4.5。
外用低氯盐型融冰雪材料(WD-I型)中氯盐含量约为7.3％，各个组分质量比为，附着材料：融冰剂：疏水材料：水＝14：1.5：0.5：4.5。具体制作方式为：
为了使得融冰剂可以均匀分散，首先将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体，然后将剩余各组分材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末，再将融冰剂液体缓慢加入到混合固体粉末中并搅拌均匀， 制作过程中应特别注意两点关键步骤，一是先将融冰剂与水混合均匀形成融冰剂液体，二是将固体粉末混合均匀形成混合固体粉末，之后将两者混合均匀后，制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒状，放入105℃的环境下进行烘干2小时以上，取出颗粒在自然条件下冷却至室温。
本发明外用低氯盐型融冰雪材料(WD-I型)，可以直接撒布在公路路面表面，作为冬季路面预防性养护和降雪结冰的处置材料，用于预防冬季道路结冰和除冰雪作业的辅助措施，可以有效降低公路路面与结冰层之间的粘结力，经室内试验证实，使用本发明在控制50g/㎡的撒布量、-10℃条件下，氯盐的实际净含量仅为3.9g/㎡，与未撒布本发明材料对比，公路路面与结冰层之间的粘结力降低了85％以上，并且有效延缓了路面结冰时间达1.5倍以上。与此同时，本发明相较于单纯使用氯盐在同等含氯盐水平下，在延缓路面结冰时间方面基本相当的前提下，降低路面与结冰层之间的粘结力方面更加有效，可以提高20％以上。
(2)无氯盐型融冰雪材料(WW-I型)
外用无氯盐型融冰雪材料(WW-I型)各组分均采用粉末状材料，其中附着材料由甘蔗渣与火山灰组成，组成比例按质量为10：2.5；融冰剂采用醋酸钙，其质量分数占比为5；疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，其质量分数占比为0.5；水采用饮用水，其质量分数占比为4.5。
外用低氯盐型融冰雪材料(WW-I型)中氯盐含量为0，各个组分质量比为，附着材料：融冰剂：疏水材料：水＝12.5：5：0.5：4.5。具体制作方式为：
为了使得融冰剂可以均匀分散，首先将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体，然后将剩余各组分材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末，再将融冰剂液体缓慢加入到混合固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，制作过程中应特别注意两点关键步骤，一是先将融冰剂与水混合均匀形成融冰剂液体，二是将固体粉末混合均匀形成混合固体粉末，之后将两者混合均匀后，制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒状，放入105℃的环境下进行烘干2小时以上，取出颗粒在自然条件下冷却至室温。
本发明外用无氯盐型融冰雪材料(WW-I型)，可以直接撒布在公路路面表面，作为冬季路面预防性养护和降雪结冰的处置材料，用于预防冬季道路结冰和除冰雪作业的辅助措施，可以有效降低公路路面与结冰层之间的粘结力，经室内试验证实，使用本发明在控制50g/㎡的撒布量、-10℃条件下，与未撒布本 发明材料对比，公路路面与结冰层之间的粘结力降低了80％左右。与此同时，本发明相较于单纯使用氯盐在同等用量条件下，在延缓路面结冰时间和降低路面与结冰层之间粘结力方面基本相当，而成本仅为市场上通常环保型融冰剂的30％左右，因此，本发明在保证融冰化雪效果的前提下，大大降低了无氯盐环保型融冰剂的成本。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，其特征在于，包括附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水；
    当所述的附着材料为质量为12.5-13.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为13.5-14.5：1.4-1.6：0.45-0.55：3.6-3.8；
    当所述的附着材料为质量为11-12：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为醋酸钙，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为12-13：4.5-5.5：0.45-0.55：3.3-3.7；
    当所述的附着材料为质量为9-11：3.8-4.2的甘蔗渣与火山灰的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为14：1.5：0.5：4.5；
    当所述的附着材料为质量为9-11：2.2-2.8的甘蔗渣与火山灰的混合物时，融冰剂为醋酸钙，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为12-13：4.5-5.5：0.4-0.6：4.2-4.8。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，其特征在于，水为饮用水。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，其特征在于，当所述的附着材料为质量为13：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为14：1.5：0.5：3.7。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，其特征在于，当所述的附着材料为质量为11.5：1的火山灰与松树皮粉末的混合物时，融冰剂为醋酸钙，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为12.5：5：0.5：3.5。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，其特征在于，当所述的附着材料为质量为10：4的甘蔗渣与火山灰的混合物时，融冰剂为粉状工业盐，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料和水的质量比为14：1.5：0.5：4.5。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料，其特征在于，当所述的附着材料为质量为10：2.5的甘蔗渣与火山灰的混合物时，融冰剂为醋酸钙，疏水材料为纳米二氧化硅，且附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料 和水的质量比为12.5：5：0.5：4.5。
  7. 权利要求1～6任意一项所述的基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤(1)，将融冰剂完全溶于水，并搅拌均匀形成融冰剂液体；
    步骤(2)，将附着材料、融冰剂、疏水材料按照比例配合完成后搅拌均匀，形成均匀混合的固体粉末；
    步骤(3)，将步骤(1)得到的融冰剂液体缓慢加入到步骤(2)得到的混合的固体粉末中并搅拌均匀，然后制作成直径小于2mm的颗粒，之后烘干，自然冷却至室温，即得。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料的制备方法，其特征在于，烘干温度为105℃，时间为2小时以上。
PCT/CN2021/102086 2021-03-24 2021-06-24 一种基于附着载体的低氯盐及无氯盐环保融冰材料及其制备方法 WO2022198816A1 (zh)

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