WO2022193268A1 - Load transfer and energy storage regulation-based power distribution network voltage control method and system - Google Patents

Load transfer and energy storage regulation-based power distribution network voltage control method and system Download PDF

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WO2022193268A1
WO2022193268A1 PCT/CN2021/081716 CN2021081716W WO2022193268A1 WO 2022193268 A1 WO2022193268 A1 WO 2022193268A1 CN 2021081716 W CN2021081716 W CN 2021081716W WO 2022193268 A1 WO2022193268 A1 WO 2022193268A1
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voltage
node
energy storage
sensitivity
distribution network
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PCT/CN2021/081716
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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岳东
窦春霞
张智俊
薛禹胜
李延满
丁孝华
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南京邮电大学
国网电力科学研究院有限公司
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Priority to JP2021572356A priority Critical patent/JP7337347B2/en
Publication of WO2022193268A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022193268A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a voltage control method and system for a distribution network containing large-scale hydropower, in particular to a voltage control method and system for a distribution network based on the combination of load transfer and energy storage regulation.
  • hydropower As a renewable energy source, hydropower not only has low power generation cost, quick start-up of power generation, energy saving and emission reduction, and flexible operation, but also can control flooding, provide irrigation water, and improve river courses. my country has gradually established many large-scale hydropower stations across basins and regions.
  • the active power output of a hydropower station depends on the runoff of the river, which has great uncertainty.
  • most of the hydropower groups operate at full load. Due to the relatively weak grid structure, it is easy to cause overvoltage; in the dry season, the output of the hydropower station is too small and it is easy to cause undervoltage.
  • the power of the hydroelectric generator is quite large, and it is necessary to adjust the water volume through the turbine first, and then change the intensity of the electric field through the DC excitation system.
  • the motor is running at high speed, if the power tube of the full-bridge inverter fails, the diodes in the inverter will gradually become three-phase uncontrollable rectification, which will lead to the uncontrollability of the water turbine unit. Control measures will lead to increased equipment loss, increased risk of equipment failure, and even serious consequences of system collapse and decommissioning.
  • the present invention provides a voltage control method for a distribution network that effectively solves the problem of voltage overrun. Another object of the present invention is to provide a distribution network voltage control system based on the method.
  • the voltage control method for distribution network based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to the present invention includes the steps:
  • the distribution network voltage control method further includes:
  • step (2) When step (2) still cannot solve the problem of exceeding the limit of the bus voltage of the distribution network, build a system predictive control model according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active and reactive power, and adjust the distributed energy storage to achieve Optimal control of bus voltage.
  • the distribution network voltage control method further includes:
  • step (3) still fails to solve the problem of exceeding the limit of the bus voltage of the distribution network, calculate the amount of discarded water of each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the active and reactive power output of the node, according to the amount of discarded water Sequential water disposal for each hydropower generation unit.
  • step (1) includes:
  • N is the total number of nodes in the distribution network
  • Sk P k + jQ k is the injected power at the kth node
  • Vk is the voltage at the kth node
  • Vn is the bus reference voltage
  • ⁇ 21 ,... ⁇ k1 ,... ⁇ N1 is a series of constant gains
  • R km +jX km is the line impedance between the kth node and the mth node;
  • V ⁇ k V n ⁇ k1 ;
  • P k and Q k represent the injected active and reactive power of the k-th node, respectively;
  • P m and Q m represent the injected active and reactive power of the m-th node, respectively;
  • the superscript re represents the The real part of the variable, the superscript im represents the imaginary part of the variable; is the sensitivity of the kth node voltage to the mth node output reactive power, is the sensitivity of the kth node voltage to the mth node output active power.
  • step (2)
  • Ni is the number of nodes of the i -th branch line, is the sensitivity of the main bus node voltage to the output active power of the jth node, is the sensitivity of the main bus node voltage to the output reactive power of the jth node;
  • step (3) includes:
  • N c and N p are the control domain and the prediction domain, respectively;
  • Q and R are the cost weight matrices of the control objective function;
  • ⁇ min and ⁇ max are the upper and lower limit constraints of the control quantity, respectively;
  • ⁇ (k) ⁇ (k+ 1)- ⁇ (k);
  • ⁇ min and ⁇ max are the ramp constraints of the control variable;
  • k) is the predicted value of the bus voltage at time k+i based on the measured value at time k;
  • y min and y max is the system bus voltage constraint; is the sensitivity matrix of bus voltage to control variable ⁇ (k);
  • k) is the predicted value of the energy storage state at time k+i based on the measured value at time k;
  • control quantity is specifically expressed as:
  • N s is the number of distributed energy storage.
  • Ns is the number of distributed energy storage.
  • step (4) includes:
  • iP k is the active power reduced by the k-th node on the branch line;
  • ⁇ V k is the voltage variation of the k-th node;
  • step (43) After the first branch line performs hydropower cutoff, determine whether the main bus voltage is within a safe range, if so, proceed to step (43), if not, calculate the discarded water volume of the second branch line in sequence and perform hydropower cutoff, And so on, until the voltage of the main bus is adjusted to a safe range through the sequential water abandonment plan of the M branch lines;
  • the distribution network voltage control system based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to the present invention includes:
  • the calculation module is used to calculate the power flow based on the topology parameters of the distribution network, and obtain the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the distribution network to the active and reactive power output of the node;
  • the load transfer module is used to sort each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, build a load transfer model with each branch line based on the hybrid Petri net, and determine that the load of the first branch line is transferred to the Whether the backup bus will cause the backup bus overvoltage, if so, request to call the energy storage regulation module, otherwise, adjust the main bus voltage through the flexible transfer of the branch load until it is within the safe range;
  • the energy storage adjustment module is used to construct a system predictive control model according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, and adjust each distributed energy storage to realize the optimal control of the bus voltage; If there is a limit problem, request to call the abandoned water control module;
  • the water rejection control module is used for calculating the water rejection amount of each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, and performing sequential water rejection for each hydropower generation unit according to the water rejection amount.
  • the present invention proposes a load transfer strategy based on a hybrid Petri network and a voltage regulation method based on distributed energy storage, and realizes two-level bus voltage regulation.
  • Optimal control not only ensures the maximum consumption of hydropower, but also reduces the number of charging and discharging times and configuration capacity of energy storage, and greatly improves the reliability and economy of power supply.
  • the energy storage reaches the maximum adjustment capacity and the bus overvoltage problem still cannot be solved, on the premise of ensuring the safety of the system voltage, the amount of waste water is minimized, and the reliability of power supply for important loads and the timely consumption of water and electricity are ensured.
  • Fig. 1 is the implementation flow chart of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the bus voltage control strategy
  • Fig. 3 is the topological logic diagram of load transfer strategy based on hybrid Petri net
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the sequential water abandonment strategy framework based on sensitivity analysis
  • Figure 5 shows the monthly average power consumption curve of each branch line of the distribution network and off-station load in the project in 2019;
  • Figure 6 is a comparison diagram of bus I and II voltages before and after load transfer under normal conditions
  • Fig. 7 is the load transfer state diagram of each branch line under normal circumstances
  • Figure 8 is a comparison diagram of the voltages of busbars I and II before and after load transfer under the condition of high water
  • Fig. 9 is the load transfer state diagram of each branch under the condition of high water.
  • Figure 10 is a comparison diagram of the voltages of busbars I and II before and after load transfer under low water conditions
  • Fig. 11 is the load transfer state diagram of each branch line under the condition of dry water
  • Figure 12 is a diagram showing the voltage regulation effect of bus I in a continuous period of time
  • Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the load transfer state of each branch line in a continuous time period.
  • the distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Calculate the power flow based on the topology parameters of the distribution network to obtain the sensitivity of the voltage/active power and voltage/reactive power of each node;
  • Step 2 Rank each branch line according to the sensitivity calculation in step 1, build an adaptive online combination model of distribution network load transfer based on the hybrid Petri net, and adjust the main bus voltage through the flexible transfer of branch line loads;
  • Step 3 When step 2 still cannot solve the problem of out-of-limit bus voltage of the distribution network, according to the sensitivity calculation in step 1, a distributed energy storage voltage regulation method based on model predictive control is proposed, which is realized by coordinating each distributed energy storage. Optimal control of bus voltage;
  • Step 4 When neither step 2 nor step 3 can solve the problem of the voltage over-limit of the distribution network bus, calculate the water abandonment amount of each branch line according to the sensitivity in step 1, and perform sequential water abandonment for each hydropower generation unit. .
  • step 1 the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the distribution network to the active and reactive power output of the node is first determined according to the line parameters between the voltage nodes, which is characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 1-1 Assuming there are N nodes, except the first reference node is known, other nodes are regarded as PQ nodes, according to the network topology and transmission line parameters of the distribution network, determine the node impedance matrix, and then give each node The equation of injected current and voltage:
  • Sk P k +jQ k is the The injected power of k nodes
  • V k is the voltage of the kth node
  • V n is the bus reference voltage
  • ⁇ 21 ,... ⁇ k1 ,... ⁇ N1 is a series of constant gains
  • R km +jX km is the line impedance between the kth node and the mth node.
  • Step 1-2 Assuming that the injected current of other nodes is zero except for the kth node, the sensitivity of each node voltage to the output active and reactive power can be obtained from equation (1):
  • V ⁇ k V n ⁇ k1 ; P k and Q k respectively represent the injected active and reactive power of the kth node; P m and Q m respectively represent the injection of the mth node Active and reactive power; the superscript re represents the real part of the variable, and the superscript im represents the imaginary part of the variable; is the sensitivity of the kth node voltage to the mth node output reactive power, is the sensitivity of the kth node voltage to the mth node output active power.
  • each branch is sorted according to the sensitivity matrix of voltage/active power and voltage/reactive power in step 1, and the load transfer strategy is determined based on the transfer strategy model of each branch of the hybrid Petri mesh, which is characterized in that: , which includes the following steps:
  • Step 2-1 Calculate the sum of the sensitivities of the M branch lines according to the voltage/active power and voltage/reactive power sensitivities in step 1:
  • Ni is the number of nodes of the ith branch, is the sensitivity of the main bus node voltage to the output active power of the jth node, is the sensitivity of the main bus node voltage to the output reactive power of the jth node.
  • the M branch lines are sorted according to the principle of sensitivity from high to low. The sum of the sensitivity of the first branch line is the highest, and the sum of the sensitivity of the Mth branch line is the lowest.
  • Step 2-2 Build the load transfer model of each branch line based on the hybrid Petri net, establish the bus connection state of each branch line as a place, and establish the load transfer condition of each branch line as a transition.
  • Step 2-3 Initialize the connection state of the M branch lines, that is, the initial state is connected to the main bus, and monitor whether the voltage exceeds the limit problem on the main bus. Whether the backup bus overvoltage will occur on the bus, if so, go directly to step 3, if not, trigger the transition of the first branch to transfer the load of the first branch.
  • Step 2-4 After the load of the first branch line is transferred, judge whether the voltage of the main bus is within the safe range. If so, continue to monitor the voltage of the backup bus. If not, trigger the transition of the second branch and execute the first step. Load transfer of two branch lines.
  • Steps 2-5 And so on, until the voltage of the main bus is adjusted to a safe range through the sequential transfer of the loads of the M branch lines.
  • a model-based predictive control method is used to realize the bus voltage control, and the model predictive control includes three aspects: model prediction, rolling optimization and feedback correction. It is characterized in that, it specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 3-1 Determine the control variables of the system.
  • the system power can be adjusted by installing distributed energy storage in each branch line, so as to safely control the bus voltage of the system.
  • the control variables of the system are:
  • Step 3-2 Determine the control objective function of the system.
  • the control objective of the system is to ensure that the voltage is in the normal operating range and to minimize the control cost:
  • N c and N p are the control domain and prediction domain, respectively;
  • Q, R are the cost weight matrix of the control objective function;
  • k) is based on the measured value at time k.
  • k) is the predicted value of the energy storage state at time k+i based on the measured value at time k;
  • ⁇ c and ⁇ d are the charging and discharging efficiency of energy storage;
  • Equation (11) represents the upper and lower limit constraints of the control variable, which can be specifically expressed as:
  • N s is the number of distributed energy storage.
  • Equation (12) represents the control variable climbing constraint, which can be expressed as:
  • Ns is the number of distributed energy storage.
  • Equation (13) represents the system bus voltage constraint.
  • the sensitivity matrix when the control variable is active power, the sensitivity matrix Specifically, it can be expressed as:
  • the sensitivity matrix Specifically, it can be expressed as:
  • Equation (15) represents the SOC constraint of distributed energy storage, which can be expressed as:
  • Ns is the number of distributed energy storage.
  • step 4 is used to perform sequential water discarding of each branch line to ensure that the voltage of the main bus is within the normal operating range.
  • Step 4-1 According to the sensitivity matrix in step 1, calculate the water abandonment of each branch line and perform hydropower cutoff.
  • the water abandonment amount of each branch line is calculated according to formula (22),
  • ⁇ P k is the active power reduced by the kth node on the branch line; ⁇ V k is the voltage variation of the k nodes.
  • Step 4-2 After the first branch line cuts water and electricity, judge whether the main bus voltage is within the safe range. If so, go to step 4-4. If not, then calculate the discarded water volume of the second branch line in order and execute the cut off. Hydro.
  • Steps 4-3 And so on, until the voltage of the main bus is adjusted to a safe range through the sequential water abandonment plan of the M branch lines.
  • Step 4-4 If the main busbar voltage is within a safe range after the cut-off of hydropower is performed, immediately enter the stage of planned hydropower investment, and reconnect the hydropower of the abandoned water to the grid to ensure the maximum consumption of hydropower.
  • FIG. 2 it is an engineering structure diagram of a distribution network of China Southern Power Grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the hydropower load is concentrated on the 10kV busbar I, I branch, II branch and III branch.
  • Select bus I and bus II as the configuration nodes of distributed energy storage, that is, configure two groups of energy storage at 801 and 802 respectively.
  • the total energy storage capacity of the configuration is 2MWh, and the energy storage capacity of the two busbars will be evenly distributed, that is, the energy storage capacity of the busbar I and the busbar II configuration is both 1MWh.
  • the load transfer strategy based on the hybrid Petri net is shown in Figure 3, Table 1 and Table 2, which ensures that the voltage of bus I is between 1.0p.u. and 1.07p.u. If the load or hydropower is transferred to the bus II, and the bus II also has overvoltage, the distributed energy storage is started to adjust the voltage, and the process goes to step 3.
  • step 4 when steps 2 and 3 still cannot solve the overvoltage problem of bus I, the sequential water discarding in step 4 is performed. After the implementation of the water abandonment plan, when the bus I voltage returns to the normal range, it will enter the stage of planned hydropower investment to ensure the maximum consumption of hydropower.
  • corresponding simulation environments are designed for 4 different operation scenarios, and the effectiveness of a distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation provided by the present invention is verified.
  • the simulation scenarios include the wet season, dry season and normal season in 2019 (take the average value of power generation and electricity consumption).
  • the boundary conditions in the corresponding scenarios are analyzed and the adjustment effect of the overall method is verified.
  • a simulation scenario is designed for complex operating conditions within the time period, and the adjustment effect of the overall method is analyzed and verified.
  • the described scenario 1 analyzes the boundary conditions under normal conditions, and takes the average value of hydropower generation and load electricity consumption in 2019 as an example to test whether overvoltage occurs and the adjustment effect of the overall method.
  • step 2 is executed to transfer the branch line I to the bus line II.
  • P1 is the load access bus I
  • P2 is the load transfer access bus II
  • P3 is the overvoltage of the bus I and II
  • the distributed energy storage is activated for voltage regulation
  • the voltages of bus I and II are 1.0128p.u. and 1p.u. respectively, which both meet the voltage safety range of system operation, and the voltage regulation of the overall method is effective.
  • the described scenario 2 analyzes the boundary conditions in the case of abundant water. Taking the highest hydropower generation and the lowest load power consumption in 2019 as an example, the overvoltage phenomenon is the most serious, and the adjustment effect of the overall method is tested.
  • step 2 is executed to transfer the I branch and the III branch to the bus II.
  • P1 is the load access bus I
  • P2 is the load transfer access bus II
  • P3 is the overvoltage of the bus I and II
  • the distributed energy storage is activated for voltage regulation
  • the voltages of bus I and II are 1.0659p.u. and 1p.u. respectively, which both meet the voltage safety range of system operation, and the voltage regulation of the overall method is effective.
  • the described scenario 3 analyzes the boundary conditions in the case of dry water, and takes the lowest hydropower generation and the highest load power consumption in 2019 as an example to test whether there is undervoltage and the adjustment effect of the overall method.
  • the bus I has an undervoltage phenomenon in the case of dry water, and the voltage value is 0.91p.u.
  • step 2 is performed.
  • P1 is the load access bus I
  • P2 is the load transfer access bus II
  • P3 is the overvoltage of both bus I and II, go to step 3.
  • the voltages of the bus I and II are 1p.u. and 1p.u. respectively, which both meet the voltage safety range of the system operation, and the voltage regulation of the overall method is effective.
  • the described scenario 4 tests the adjustment effect of the overall method under various complex working conditions in a continuous period of time.
  • the bus I voltage can be adjusted to within the safe operating range.
  • the distribution network voltage control system based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to the present invention includes:
  • the calculation module is used to calculate the power flow based on the topology parameters of the distribution network, and obtain the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the distribution network to the active and reactive power output of the node;
  • the load transfer module is used to sort each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, build a load transfer model with each branch line based on the hybrid Petri net, and determine that the load of the first branch line is transferred to the Whether the backup bus will cause the backup bus overvoltage, if so, request to call the energy storage regulation module, otherwise, adjust the main bus voltage through the flexible transfer of the branch load until it is within the safe range;
  • the energy storage adjustment module is used to construct a system predictive control model according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, and adjust each distributed energy storage to realize the optimal control of the bus voltage; If there is a limit problem, request to call the abandoned water control module;
  • the water rejection control module is used for calculating the water rejection amount of each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, and performing sequential water rejection for each hydropower generation unit according to the water rejection amount.

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Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a load transfer and energy storage regulation-based power distribution network voltage control method and system. The method comprises: first, performing power flow calculation on the basis of topological parameters of a power distribution network to obtain the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the power distribution network to output active and reactive power of the node; then, sorting branch lines according to the sensitivity, constructing a load transfer model for each branch line on the basis of a hybrid Petri net, and adjusting the voltage of a main bus by means of flexible transfer of the loads of the branch lines until the voltage of the main bus is within a safe range; if the voltage of the main bus is not within the safe range, constructing a system predictive control model according to the sensitivity, adjusting each distributed energy storage to achieve the optimal control of the voltage of the bus; and if the problem still cannot be solved, calculating a discarded water volume of each branch line according to the sensitivity, and performing sequential water discarding on each hydropower generation unit according to the discarded water volume. The present invention achieves two-level optimal control of bus voltage regulation, thereby ensuring the reliability and economy of the bus voltage regulation.

Description

基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法及系统Distribution network voltage control method and system based on load transfer and energy storage regulation 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种含大规模水电的配电网电压控制方法及系统，尤其涉及一种基于负荷转供和储能调节相结合的配电网电压控制方法及系统。The invention relates to a voltage control method and system for a distribution network containing large-scale hydropower, in particular to a voltage control method and system for a distribution network based on the combination of load transfer and energy storage regulation.
背景技术Background technique
水力发电作为一种可再生能源，不仅发电成本小、发电启动快、节能减排、操作灵活，而且可以控制洪水泛滥、提供灌溉用水、改善河道。我国已逐步建立起众多跨流域、跨区域的大规模水电站群。As a renewable energy source, hydropower not only has low power generation cost, quick start-up of power generation, energy saving and emission reduction, and flexible operation, but also can control flooding, provide irrigation water, and improve river courses. my country has gradually established many large-scale hydropower stations across basins and regions.
但水电站的有功出力取决于河流的径流量，具有极大的不确定性。在丰水期，水电群大多以满负荷运行，由于网架相对薄弱，往往容易造成过电压现象；在枯水期，由于水电站出力太小而容易导致欠电压现象。水电发电机的功率相当大，需要先通过水轮机进行水量调整，再通过直流励磁系统改变电场的强度。当在电机高速运行时，若全桥逆变器功率管发生故障，逆变器中的二极管会逐渐变成三相不可控整流，从而导致水机机组具有不可控性，如不采取相应的电压控制措施，则会导致设备损耗加剧，设备故障风险提高，甚至会出现系统崩溃解列的严重后果。However, the active power output of a hydropower station depends on the runoff of the river, which has great uncertainty. In the wet season, most of the hydropower groups operate at full load. Due to the relatively weak grid structure, it is easy to cause overvoltage; in the dry season, the output of the hydropower station is too small and it is easy to cause undervoltage. The power of the hydroelectric generator is quite large, and it is necessary to adjust the water volume through the turbine first, and then change the intensity of the electric field through the DC excitation system. When the motor is running at high speed, if the power tube of the full-bridge inverter fails, the diodes in the inverter will gradually become three-phase uncontrollable rectification, which will lead to the uncontrollability of the water turbine unit. Control measures will lead to increased equipment loss, increased risk of equipment failure, and even serious consequences of system collapse and decommissioning.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
发明目的：本发明提供了一种有效解决电压越限问题的配电网电压控制方法。本发明的另一目的在于提供基于该方法的配电网电压控制系统。Purpose of the invention: The present invention provides a voltage control method for a distribution network that effectively solves the problem of voltage overrun. Another object of the present invention is to provide a distribution network voltage control system based on the method.
技术方案：本发明所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法，包括步骤：Technical solution: The voltage control method for distribution network based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to the present invention includes the steps:
(1)基于配电网的拓扑参数进行潮流计算，得到配电网各节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度；(1) Calculate the power flow based on the topology parameters of the distribution network, and obtain the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the distribution network to the active and reactive power output of the node;
(2)根据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度对每条支线进行排序，基于混杂Petri网构建配各条支线的负荷转移模型，通过支线负荷的灵活转供来调节主母线电压直至安全范围内为止。(2) Sort each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, build a load transfer model with each branch line based on the hybrid Petri net, and adjust the main bus voltage through the flexible transfer of the branch line load until it is within the safe range.
进一步地，所述配电网电压控制方法还包括：Further, the distribution network voltage control method further includes:
(3)当步骤(2)仍无法解决配电网母线电压的越限问题时，依据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度，构建系统预测控制模型，调节各分布式储能实现母线电压的最优控制。(3) When step (2) still cannot solve the problem of exceeding the limit of the bus voltage of the distribution network, build a system predictive control model according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active and reactive power, and adjust the distributed energy storage to achieve Optimal control of bus voltage.
进一步地，所述配电网电压控制方法还包括：Further, the distribution network voltage control method further includes:
(4)当步骤(3)仍无法解决配电网母线电压的越限问题时，依据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度计算得到各条支线的弃水量，根据所述弃水量对各水电发电单元进行序贯式弃水。(4) When step (3) still fails to solve the problem of exceeding the limit of the bus voltage of the distribution network, calculate the amount of discarded water of each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the active and reactive power output of the node, according to the amount of discarded water Sequential water disposal for each hydropower generation unit.
进一步地，所述步骤(1)包括：Further, the step (1) includes:
(11)除第一个参考节点已知外，其它节点均视为PQ节点，建立配电网各节点注入电流与电压的方程：(11) Except the first reference node is known, other nodes are regarded as PQ nodes, and the equations of the injected current and voltage of each node of the distribution network are established:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000001
其中，N为配电网节点总数，I k＝(S k/V k) *＝((P k+jQ k)/V k) *是第k个节点的注入电流， S k＝P k+jQ k是第k个节点的注入功率，V k是第k个节点的电压，V n是为母线参考电压，η 21,...η k1,...η N1是一系列常数增益，R km+jX km是第k个节点与第m个节点间的线路阻抗； Among them, N is the total number of nodes in the distribution network, I k =(S k /V k ) * =((P k +jQ k )/V k ) * is the injection current of the kth node, Sk =P k + jQ k is the injected power at the kth node, Vk is the voltage at the kth node, Vn is the bus reference voltage, η 21 ,...η k1 ,... η N1 is a series of constant gains, R km +jX km is the line impedance between the kth node and the mth node;
(12)计算各节点电压对输出有功的灵敏度：(12) Calculate the sensitivity of each node voltage to the output active power:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000002
计算各节点电压对输出无功的灵敏度：Calculate the sensitivity of each node voltage to the output reactive power:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000003
其中，in,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000007
V ηk＝V n·η k1；P k和Q k分别表示第k个节点的注入有功和无功；P m和Q m分别表示第 m个节点的注入有功和无功；上标 re代表该变量实部，上标 im代表该变量虚部；
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000008
是第k个节点电压对第m个节点输出无功的灵敏度，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000009
是第k个节点电压对第m个节点输出有功的灵敏度。 V ηk =V n ·η k1 ; P k and Q k represent the injected active and reactive power of the k-th node, respectively; P m and Q m represent the injected active and reactive power of the m-th node, respectively; the superscript re represents the The real part of the variable, the superscript im represents the imaginary part of the variable;
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000008
is the sensitivity of the kth node voltage to the mth node output reactive power,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000009
is the sensitivity of the kth node voltage to the mth node output active power.
进一步地，所述步骤(2)：Further, described step (2):
(21)根据所述配电网各节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度，分别计算M条支线的灵敏度总和：(21) According to the sensitivity of each node voltage of the distribution network to the node output active power and reactive power, calculate the sum of the sensitivity of the M branch lines respectively:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000010
其中，N i为第i条支线的节点数量，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000011
是主母线节点电压对第j个节点输出有功的灵敏度，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000012
是主母线节点电压对第j个节点输出无功的灵敏度； Among them, Ni is the number of nodes of the i -th branch line,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000011
is the sensitivity of the main bus node voltage to the output active power of the jth node,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000012
is the sensitivity of the main bus node voltage to the output reactive power of the jth node;
按灵敏度由高到低的原则对M条支线进行排序，第1条支线的灵敏度总和最高，第M条支线的灵敏度总和最低；Sort the M branch lines according to the principle of sensitivity from high to low, the first branch line has the highest total sensitivity, and the Mth branch line has the lowest sensitivity sum;
(22)基于混杂Petri网构建各条支线的负荷转移模型，将每条支线的母线连接状态建立为库所，将每条支线的负荷转移条件建立为变迁；(22) Construct the load transfer model of each branch line based on the hybrid Petri net, establish the busbar connection state of each branch line as a warehouse, and establish the load transfer condition of each branch line as a transition;
(23)初始化M条支线的连接状态，即初始状态均连接在主母线上，监测主母线是否出现电压越限问题，若出现电压越限问题，则判断第一条支线负荷转移至备用母线上是否会引发备用母线过电压，若是，则直接进入步骤(3)，若不是，则触发第一条支线的变迁，进行第一条支线的负荷转移；(23) Initialize the connection state of the M branch lines, that is, the initial state is connected to the main bus, and monitor whether the voltage exceeds the limit of the main bus. If the voltage exceeds the limit, it is judged that the first branch load is transferred to the standby bus Whether it will cause the overvoltage of the standby bus, if so, go directly to step (3), if not, trigger the transition of the first branch line to transfer the load of the first branch line;
(24)第一条支线负荷转移后，再判断主母线的电压是否在安全范围内，若是，则继续监测备用母线的电压情况，若不是，则触发第二条支线的变迁，执行第二条支线的负荷转移；(24) After the load of the first branch line is transferred, judge whether the voltage of the main bus is within the safe range. If so, continue to monitor the voltage of the backup bus. If not, trigger the transition of the second branch and execute the second load transfer of branch lines;
依此类推，直至通过M条支线负荷的依次转移，将主母线的电压调节至安全范围内为止。And so on, until the voltage of the main bus is adjusted to a safe range through the sequential transfer of the M branch line loads.
进一步地，所述步骤(3)包括：Further, the step (3) includes:
(31)定义配电网系统控制量：(31) Define the control quantity of the distribution network system:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000013
其中，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000014
为分布式储能的有功功率，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000015
为分布式储能的无功功率； in,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000014
is the active power of distributed energy storage,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000015
Reactive power for distributed energy storage;
(32)构建系统预测控制模型：(32) Build a system predictive control model:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000016
s.t.s.t.
μ min≤μ(k+i|k)≤μ max,i＝0,1…N c-1 μ min ≤μ(k+i|k)≤μ max , i=0,1...N c -1
Δμ min≤Δμ(k+i|k)≤Δμ max,i＝0,1…N c-1 Δμ min ≤Δμ(k+i|k)≤Δμ max ,i=0,1...N c -1
y min≤y(k+i|k)≤y max,i＝0,1…N p-1 y min ≤y(k+i|k)≤y max , i=0,1...N p -1
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000017
SOC min≤SOC(k)≤SOC max SOC min ≤SOC(k)≤SOC max
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000018
其中，N c和N p分别为控制域和预测域；Q和R为控制目标函数的成本权重矩阵；μ min和μ max分别为控制量的上下限约束；Δμ(k)＝μ(k+1)-μ(k)；Δμ min和Δμ max是控制量的爬坡约束；y(k+i|k)是基于k时刻测量值的k+i时刻的母线电压预测值；y min和y max是系统母线电压约束；
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000019
是母线电压对控制变量μ(k)的灵敏度矩阵；Δy(k)＝y(k+1)-y(k)；当i＞N c时，有Δμ(k+i)＝0；SOC(k+i|k)是基于k时刻测量值的k+i时刻的储能状态预测值；SOC min和
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000020
分别表示第i个分布式储能的最大和最小充电状态；δ(k)为充放电系数，δ(k)＝1为储能放电，δ(k)＝0为储能充电；η c和η d为储能的充放电效率；P s(k+i-1|k)为第k时刻预测的第k+i-1时刻的储能功率。 Among them, N c and N p are the control domain and the prediction domain, respectively; Q and R are the cost weight matrices of the control objective function; μ min and μ max are the upper and lower limit constraints of the control quantity, respectively; Δμ(k)=μ(k+ 1)-μ(k); Δμmin and Δμmax are the ramp constraints of the control variable; y(k+i|k) is the predicted value of the bus voltage at time k+i based on the measured value at time k; y min and y max is the system bus voltage constraint;
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000019
is the sensitivity matrix of bus voltage to control variable μ(k); Δy(k)=y(k+1)-y(k); when i> Nc , there is Δμ(k+i)=0; SOC( k+i|k) is the predicted value of the energy storage state at time k+i based on the measured value at time k; SOC min and
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000020
respectively represent the maximum and minimum state of charge of the i-th distributed energy storage; δ(k) is the charge-discharge coefficient, δ(k)=1 is energy storage discharge, δ(k)=0 is energy storage charging; η c and η d is the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage; P s (k+i-1|k) is the energy storage power at the k+i-1th time predicted at the kth time.
进一步地，所述控制量的上下限约束具体表示为：Further, the upper and lower limit constraints of the control quantity are specifically expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000021
其中，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000022
分别表示第i个分布式储能的有功出力上下限、无功出力的上下限，N s为分布式储能的数量。 in,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000022
respectively represent the upper and lower limits of active power output and the upper and lower limits of reactive power output of the i-th distributed energy storage, and N s is the number of distributed energy storage.
进一步地，所述控制量的爬坡约束具体表示为：Further, the climbing constraint of the control quantity is specifically expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000023
其中，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000024
分别表示第o个分布式储能的充放电功率限制，N s为分布式储能的数量。 in,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000024
respectively represent the charge and discharge power limit of the o-th distributed energy storage, and Ns is the number of distributed energy storage.
进一步地，所述步骤(4)包括：Further, the step (4) includes:
(41)根据所述配电网各节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度得到灵敏度矩阵，计算各条支线的弃水量并执行切水电，计算各支线的弃水量：(41) Obtain a sensitivity matrix according to the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the distribution network to the active and reactive power output of the node, calculate the water abandonment amount of each branch line and perform hydropower cutoff, and calculate the water abandonment amount of each branch line:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000025
其中，iP k为支线上第k个节点削减的有功功率；ΔV k为第k个节点的电压变化量； Among them, iP k is the active power reduced by the k-th node on the branch line; ΔV k is the voltage variation of the k-th node;
(42)第一条支线执行切水电后，判断主母线电压是否在安全范围内，若是，则进入步骤(43)，若不是，则按顺序计算第二条支线的弃水量并执行切水电，依此类推，直至通过M条支线的序贯式弃水计划将主母线的电压调节至安全范围内为止；(42) After the first branch line performs hydropower cutoff, determine whether the main bus voltage is within a safe range, if so, proceed to step (43), if not, calculate the discarded water volume of the second branch line in sequence and perform hydropower cutoff, And so on, until the voltage of the main bus is adjusted to a safe range through the sequential water abandonment plan of the M branch lines;
(43)若执行切水电后主母线电压在安全范围内，则立即进入计划投水电阶段，将弃水部分的水电重新并网。(43) If the voltage of the main busbar is within the safe range after the cut-off of hydropower is performed, immediately enter the stage of planned hydropower investment, and reconnect the hydropower of the abandoned water part to the grid.
本发明所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制系统，包括：The distribution network voltage control system based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to the present invention includes:
计算模块，用于基于配电网的拓扑参数进行潮流计算，得到配电网各节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度；The calculation module is used to calculate the power flow based on the topology parameters of the distribution network, and obtain the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the distribution network to the active and reactive power output of the node;
负荷转供模块，用于根据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度对每条支线进行排序，基于混杂Petri网构建配各条支线的负荷转移模型，判断第一条支线负荷转移至备用母线上是否会引发备用母线过电压，若是则请求调用储能调节模块，否则通过支线负荷的灵活转供来调节主母线电压直至安全范围内为止；The load transfer module is used to sort each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, build a load transfer model with each branch line based on the hybrid Petri net, and determine that the load of the first branch line is transferred to the Whether the backup bus will cause the backup bus overvoltage, if so, request to call the energy storage regulation module, otherwise, adjust the main bus voltage through the flexible transfer of the branch load until it is within the safe range;
储能调节模块，用于根据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度，构建系统预测控制模型，调节各分布式储能实现母线电压的最优控制；若仍无法解决主母线电压越限问题，则请求调用弃水控制模块；The energy storage adjustment module is used to construct a system predictive control model according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, and adjust each distributed energy storage to realize the optimal control of the bus voltage; If there is a limit problem, request to call the abandoned water control module;
弃水控制模块，用于根据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度计算得到各条支线的弃水量，根据所述弃水量对各水电发电单元进行序贯式弃水。The water rejection control module is used for calculating the water rejection amount of each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, and performing sequential water rejection for each hydropower generation unit according to the water rejection amount.
有益效果：本发明针对水电站出力不确定性导致配电网母线电压越限的问题，提出了基于混杂Petri网的负荷转移策略和基于分布式储能的电压调节方法，实现母线电压调节的两级优化控制，既保证了水电的最大化消纳，也减少储能充放电次数和配置容量，大幅度提升供电可靠性和经济性。当储能达到最大调节能力而母线过电压问题仍得不到解决时，在保证系统电压安全的前提下，最小化弃水量，同时保证重要负荷的供电可靠性和水电的及时消纳。Beneficial effects: Aiming at the problem that the output uncertainty of the hydropower station causes the bus voltage of the distribution network to exceed the limit, the present invention proposes a load transfer strategy based on a hybrid Petri network and a voltage regulation method based on distributed energy storage, and realizes two-level bus voltage regulation. Optimal control not only ensures the maximum consumption of hydropower, but also reduces the number of charging and discharging times and configuration capacity of energy storage, and greatly improves the reliability and economy of power supply. When the energy storage reaches the maximum adjustment capacity and the bus overvoltage problem still cannot be solved, on the premise of ensuring the safety of the system voltage, the amount of waste water is minimized, and the reliability of power supply for important loads and the timely consumption of water and electricity are ensured.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的实施流程图；Fig. 1 is the implementation flow chart of the present invention;
图2为母线电压控制策略架构图；Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the bus voltage control strategy;
图3为基于混杂Petri网的负荷转移策略拓扑逻辑图；Fig. 3 is the topological logic diagram of load transfer strategy based on hybrid Petri net;
图4为基于灵敏度分析的序贯式弃水策略框架示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the sequential water abandonment strategy framework based on sensitivity analysis;
图5为2019年工程中配电网各支线及站外负荷的月度平均发用电功率曲线图；Figure 5 shows the monthly average power consumption curve of each branch line of the distribution network and off-station load in the project in 2019;
图6为正常情况下负荷转移前后母线Ⅰ、Ⅱ电压对比图；Figure 6 is a comparison diagram of bus I and II voltages before and after load transfer under normal conditions;
图7为正常情况下各支线的负荷转移状态图；Fig. 7 is the load transfer state diagram of each branch line under normal circumstances;
图8为丰水情况下负荷转移前后母线Ⅰ、Ⅱ电压对比图；Figure 8 is a comparison diagram of the voltages of busbars I and II before and after load transfer under the condition of high water;
图9为丰水情况下各支线的负荷转移状态图；Fig. 9 is the load transfer state diagram of each branch under the condition of high water;
图10为枯水情况下负荷转移前后母线Ⅰ、Ⅱ电压对比图；Figure 10 is a comparison diagram of the voltages of busbars I and II before and after load transfer under low water conditions;
图11为枯水情况下各支线的负荷转移状态图；Fig. 11 is the load transfer state diagram of each branch line under the condition of dry water;
图12为连续时间段内母线Ⅰ的调压效果图；Figure 12 is a diagram showing the voltage regulation effect of bus I in a continuous period of time;
图13为连续时间段内各支线的负荷转移状态图。Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the load transfer state of each branch line in a continuous time period.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法，如图1所示，具体包括以下步骤：The distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, specifically includes the following steps:
步骤1：基于配电网的拓扑参数进行潮流计算，得到各节点的电压/有功功率和电压/无功功率的灵敏度；Step 1: Calculate the power flow based on the topology parameters of the distribution network to obtain the sensitivity of the voltage/active power and voltage/reactive power of each node;
步骤2：依据步骤1中的灵敏度计算对每条支线进行排序，基于混杂Petri网构建配电网负荷转供的自适应在线组合模型，通过支线负荷的灵活转供来调节主母线电压；Step 2: Rank each branch line according to the sensitivity calculation in step 1, build an adaptive online combination model of distribution network load transfer based on the hybrid Petri net, and adjust the main bus voltage through the flexible transfer of branch line loads;
步骤3：当步骤2仍无法解决配电网母线电压的越限问题时，依据步骤1中的灵敏度计算，提出基于模型预测控制的分布式储能电压调节方法，通过协调各分布式储能实现母线电压的最优控制；Step 3: When step 2 still cannot solve the problem of out-of-limit bus voltage of the distribution network, according to the sensitivity calculation in step 1, a distributed energy storage voltage regulation method based on model predictive control is proposed, which is realized by coordinating each distributed energy storage. Optimal control of bus voltage;
步骤4：当步骤2和步骤3均无法解决配电网母线的电压越限问题时，依据步骤1的中的灵敏度计算得到各条支线的弃水量，对各水电发电单元进行序贯式弃水。Step 4: When neither step 2 nor step 3 can solve the problem of the voltage over-limit of the distribution network bus, calculate the water abandonment amount of each branch line according to the sensitivity in step 1, and perform sequential water abandonment for each hydropower generation unit. .
进一步的，步骤1中，首先根据各电压节点间的线路参数，确定配电网各节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：Further, in step 1, the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the distribution network to the active and reactive power output of the node is first determined according to the line parameters between the voltage nodes, which is characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps:
步骤1-1：假设有N个节点，除第一个参考节点已知外，其它节点均视为PQ节点，根据配电网的网络拓扑及传输线参数，确定节点阻抗矩阵，进而给出各节点注入电流与电压的方程：Step 1-1: Assuming there are N nodes, except the first reference node is known, other nodes are regarded as PQ nodes, according to the network topology and transmission line parameters of the distribution network, determine the node impedance matrix, and then give each node The equation of injected current and voltage:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000026
式(1)中，I k＝(S k/V k) *＝((P k+jQ k)/V k) *是第k个节点的注入电流，S k＝P k+jQ k是第k个节点的注入功率，V k是第k个节点的电压，V n是为母线参考电压，η 21,...η k1,...η N1是一系列常数增益，R km+jX km是第k个节点与第m个节点间的线路阻抗。 In formula (1), I k =(S k /V k ) * =((P k +jQ k )/V k ) * is the injection current of the kth node, and Sk =P k +jQ k is the The injected power of k nodes, V k is the voltage of the kth node, V n is the bus reference voltage, η 21 ,...η k1 ,... η N1 is a series of constant gains, R km +jX km is the line impedance between the kth node and the mth node.
步骤1-2：假设除了第k个节点，其它节点注入电流均为零，由式(1)可得各节点电压对输出有功及无功的灵敏度：Step 1-2: Assuming that the injected current of other nodes is zero except for the kth node, the sensitivity of each node voltage to the output active and reactive power can be obtained from equation (1):
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000028
其中：in:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000030
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000030
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000032
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000032
式(2)～(7)中：V ηk＝V n·η k1；P k和Q k分别表示第k个节点的注入有功和无功；P m和Q m分别表示第m个节点的注入有功和无功；上标 re代表该变量实部，上标 im代表该变量虚部；
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000033
是第k个节点电压对第m个节点输出无功的灵敏度，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000034
是第k个节点电压对第m个节点输出有功的灵敏度。 In equations (2) to (7): V ηk =V n ·η k1 ; P k and Q k respectively represent the injected active and reactive power of the kth node; P m and Q m respectively represent the injection of the mth node Active and reactive power; the superscript re represents the real part of the variable, and the superscript im represents the imaginary part of the variable;
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000033
is the sensitivity of the kth node voltage to the mth node output reactive power,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000034
is the sensitivity of the kth node voltage to the mth node output active power.
进一步的，步骤2中，依据步骤1中的电压/有功和电压/无功的灵敏度矩阵对各支 线进行排序，并基于混杂Petri网构各支线的转移策略模型，确定负荷转移策略，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：Further, in step 2, each branch is sorted according to the sensitivity matrix of voltage/active power and voltage/reactive power in step 1, and the load transfer strategy is determined based on the transfer strategy model of each branch of the hybrid Petri mesh, which is characterized in that: , which includes the following steps:
步骤2-1：依据步骤1中的电压/有功和电压/无功的灵敏度分别计算M条支线的灵敏度总和：Step 2-1: Calculate the sum of the sensitivities of the M branch lines according to the voltage/active power and voltage/reactive power sensitivities in step 1:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000035
式(8)中，N i为第i条支线的节点数量，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000036
是主母线节点电压对第j个节点输出有功的灵敏度，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000037
是主母线节点电压对第j个节点输出无功的灵敏度。按照式(8)的计算结果按灵敏度由高到低的原则对M条支线进行排序，第1条支线的灵敏度总和最高，第M条支线的灵敏度总和最低。 In formula (8), Ni is the number of nodes of the ith branch,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000036
is the sensitivity of the main bus node voltage to the output active power of the jth node,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000037
is the sensitivity of the main bus node voltage to the output reactive power of the jth node. According to the calculation result of formula (8), the M branch lines are sorted according to the principle of sensitivity from high to low. The sum of the sensitivity of the first branch line is the highest, and the sum of the sensitivity of the Mth branch line is the lowest.
步骤2-2：基于混杂Petri网构建各条支线的负荷转移模型，将每条支线的母线连接状态建立为库所，将每条支线的负荷转移条件建立为变迁。Step 2-2: Build the load transfer model of each branch line based on the hybrid Petri net, establish the bus connection state of each branch line as a place, and establish the load transfer condition of each branch line as a transition.
步骤2-3：初始化M条支线的连接状态，即初始状态均连接在主母线上，监测主母线是否出现电压越限问题，若出现电压越限问题，则判断第一条支线负荷转移至备用母线上是否会引发备用母线过电压，若是，则直接进入步骤3，若不是，则触发第一条支线的变迁，进行第一条支线的负荷转移。Step 2-3: Initialize the connection state of the M branch lines, that is, the initial state is connected to the main bus, and monitor whether the voltage exceeds the limit problem on the main bus. Whether the backup bus overvoltage will occur on the bus, if so, go directly to step 3, if not, trigger the transition of the first branch to transfer the load of the first branch.
步骤2-4：第一条支线负荷转移后，再判断主母线的电压是否在安全范围内，若是，则继续监测备用母线的电压情况，若不是，则触发第二条支线的变迁，执行第二条支线的负荷转移。Step 2-4: After the load of the first branch line is transferred, judge whether the voltage of the main bus is within the safe range. If so, continue to monitor the voltage of the backup bus. If not, trigger the transition of the second branch and execute the first step. Load transfer of two branch lines.
步骤2-5：依此类推，直至通过M条支线负荷的依次转移，将主母线的电压调节至安全范围内为止。Steps 2-5: And so on, until the voltage of the main bus is adjusted to a safe range through the sequential transfer of the loads of the M branch lines.
进一步的，步骤3中，采用基于模型预测控制方法来实现母线电压控制，所述模型预测控制包含了模型预测，滚动优化和反馈校正三个方面，其通过滚动优化未来某个时间段内的控制量，不断反馈跟踪系统的参考值，从而实现对系统模型的最优控制，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：Further, in step 3, a model-based predictive control method is used to realize the bus voltage control, and the model predictive control includes three aspects: model prediction, rolling optimization and feedback correction. It is characterized in that, it specifically includes the following steps:
步骤3-1：确定系统的控制变量，通过在每条支线安装分布式储能来实现系统功率可调，从而对系统母线电压进行安全控制，系统的控制变量为：Step 3-1: Determine the control variables of the system. The system power can be adjusted by installing distributed energy storage in each branch line, so as to safely control the bus voltage of the system. The control variables of the system are:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000038
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000038
式(9)中，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000039
为分布式储能的有功功率，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000040
为分布式储能的无功功率。 In formula (9),
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000039
is the active power of distributed energy storage,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000040
Reactive power for distributed energy storage.
步骤3-2：确定系统的控制目标函数，系统的控制目标为保证电压处于正常运行范围的同时，实现控制成本最小：Step 3-2: Determine the control objective function of the system. The control objective of the system is to ensure that the voltage is in the normal operating range and to minimize the control cost:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000041
s.t.s.t.
μ min≤μ(k+i|k)≤μ max,i＝0,1…N c-1       (11) μ min ≤ μ(k+i|k)≤ μ max , i=0,1...N c -1 (11)
Δμ min≤Δμ(k+i|k)≤Δμ max,i＝0,1…N c-1       (12) Δμ min ≤Δμ(k+i|k)≤Δμ max , i=0,1...N c -1 (12)
y min≤y(k+i|k)≤y max,i＝0,1…N p-1         (13) y min ≤y(k+i|k)≤y max , i=0,1...N p -1 (13)
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000042
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000042
SOC min≤SOC(k)≤SOC max        (15) SOC min ≤SOC(k)≤SOC max (15)
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000043
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000043
式(10)～(16)中，N c和N p分别为控制域和预测域；Q，R为控制目标函数的成本权重矩阵；y(k+i|k)是基于k时刻测量值的k+i时刻的母线电压预测值；
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000044
是母线电压对控制变量μ(k)的灵敏度矩阵；+μ(k)＝μ(k+1)-μ(k)；Δy(k)＝y(k+1)-y(k)；当i＞N c时，有Δμ(k+i)＝0；SOC(k+i|k)是基于k时刻测量值的k+i时刻的储能状态预测值；δ(k)为充放电系数，δ(k)＝1为储能放电，δ(k)＝0为储能充电；η c和η d为储能的充放电效率；P s(k+i-1|k)为第k时刻预测的第k+i-1时刻的储能功率。 In equations (10) to (16), N c and N p are the control domain and prediction domain, respectively; Q, R are the cost weight matrix of the control objective function; y(k+i|k) is based on the measured value at time k. Predicted value of bus voltage at time k+i;
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000044
is the sensitivity matrix of bus voltage to control variable μ(k); +μ(k)=μ(k+1)-μ(k); Δy(k)=y(k+1)-y(k); when When i>N c , Δμ(k+i)=0; SOC(k+i|k) is the predicted value of the energy storage state at time k+i based on the measured value at time k; δ(k) is the charge-discharge coefficient , δ(k)=1 is energy storage discharge, δ(k)=0 is energy storage charging; η c and η d are the charging and discharging efficiency of energy storage; P s (k+i-1|k) is the kth The energy storage power at the k+i-1th time predicted at time.
式(11)表示控制量上下限约束，具体可以表示为：Equation (11) represents the upper and lower limit constraints of the control variable, which can be specifically expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000045
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000045
其中，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000046
分别表示第i个分布式储能的有功出力和无功出力的上下限，N s为分布式储能的数量。 in,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000046
Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the active output and reactive output of the i-th distributed energy storage, and N s is the number of distributed energy storage.
式(12)表示控制量爬坡约束，具体可以表示为：Equation (12) represents the control variable climbing constraint, which can be expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000047
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000047
其中，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000048
分别表示第i个分布式储能的充放电功率限制，N s为分布式储能的数量。 in,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000048
respectively represent the charging and discharging power limit of the i-th distributed energy storage, and Ns is the number of distributed energy storage.
式(13)表示系统母线电压约束。式(13)中当控制变量为有功功率时，灵敏度矩阵
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000049
具体可表示为： Equation (13) represents the system bus voltage constraint. In formula (13), when the control variable is active power, the sensitivity matrix
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000049
Specifically, it can be expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000050
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000050
其中，第i行第j列元素
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000051
为第i个节点电压对第j个节点输入有功的灵敏度，其中i＝1,2,…,N，j＝1,2,…,N。 Among them, the i-th row and the j-th column element
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000051
Enter the sensitivity of the ith node voltage to the jth node for active work, where i=1,2,...,N, j=1,2,...,N.
当控制变量为无功功率时，灵敏度矩阵
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000052
具体可表示为： When the control variable is reactive power, the sensitivity matrix
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000052
Specifically, it can be expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000053
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000053
其中,第i行第j列元素
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000054
为第i个节点电压对第j个节点输入无功的灵敏度，i＝1,2,…,N，j＝1,2,…,N。 Among them, the element in row i and column j
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000054
Sensitivity of the voltage of the i-th node to the input reactive power of the j-th node, i=1,2,...,N, j=1,2,...,N.
式(15)表示分布式储能的SOC约束，具体可以表示为：Equation (15) represents the SOC constraint of distributed energy storage, which can be expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000055
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000055
其中，
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000056
和
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000057
分别表示第i个分布式储能的最大和最小充电状态，N s为分布式储能的数量。 in,
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000056
and
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000057
represent the maximum and minimum state of charge of the i-th distributed energy storage, respectively, and Ns is the number of distributed energy storage.
当通过步骤2和步骤3仍无法解决主母线电压越限问题时，通过步骤4进行各支线的序贯式弃水，保证主母线电压在正常运行范围内。当执行弃水计划后，主母线电压恢复至正常范围时，进入计划投水电阶段，保证水电的最大化消纳，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：When steps 2 and 3 still cannot solve the problem of over-limit voltage of the main bus, step 4 is used to perform sequential water discarding of each branch line to ensure that the voltage of the main bus is within the normal operating range. After the water abandonment plan is implemented, when the voltage of the main busbar returns to the normal range, it will enter the stage of planned hydropower investment to ensure the maximum consumption of hydropower, which is characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps:
步骤4-1：依据步骤1中的灵敏度矩阵，计算各条支线的弃水量并执行切水电，各支线的弃水量根据式(22)进行计算，Step 4-1: According to the sensitivity matrix in step 1, calculate the water abandonment of each branch line and perform hydropower cutoff. The water abandonment amount of each branch line is calculated according to formula (22),
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000058
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000058
式(22)中，ΔP k为支线上第k个节点削减的有功功率；ΔV k为k个节点的电压变化量。 In formula (22), ΔP k is the active power reduced by the kth node on the branch line; ΔV k is the voltage variation of the k nodes.
步骤4-2：第一条支线执行切水电后，判断主母线电压是否在安全范围内，若是，则进入步骤4-4，若不是，则按顺序计算第二条支线的弃水量并执行切水电。Step 4-2: After the first branch line cuts water and electricity, judge whether the main bus voltage is within the safe range. If so, go to step 4-4. If not, then calculate the discarded water volume of the second branch line in order and execute the cut off. Hydro.
步骤4-3：依此类推，直至通过M条支线的序贯式弃水计划将主母线的电压调节至安全范围内为止。Steps 4-3: And so on, until the voltage of the main bus is adjusted to a safe range through the sequential water abandonment plan of the M branch lines.
步骤4-4：若执行切水电后主母线电压在安全范围内，则立即进入计划投水电阶段，将弃水部分的水电重新并网，保证水电的最大化消纳。Step 4-4: If the main busbar voltage is within a safe range after the cut-off of hydropower is performed, immediately enter the stage of planned hydropower investment, and reconnect the hydropower of the abandoned water to the grid to ensure the maximum consumption of hydropower.
如图2所示，为本发明实施例提供的南方电网某配电网工程架构图。所述的南方电网某配电网工程中，水电负荷集中在10kV母线Ⅰ、Ⅰ支线、Ⅱ支线、Ⅲ支线上。选择母线Ⅰ和母线Ⅱ作为分布式储能的配置节点，即在801、802处分别配置2组储能。所述的配置的储能总容量为2MWh，两母线储能容量将平均分配，即母线Ⅰ和母线Ⅱ配置的储能容量均为1MWh。As shown in FIG. 2 , it is an engineering structure diagram of a distribution network of China Southern Power Grid according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the mentioned distribution network project of China Southern Power Grid, the hydropower load is concentrated on the 10kV busbar I, I branch, II branch and III branch. Select bus I and bus II as the configuration nodes of distributed energy storage, that is, configure two groups of energy storage at 801 and 802 respectively. The total energy storage capacity of the configuration is 2MWh, and the energy storage capacity of the two busbars will be evenly distributed, that is, the energy storage capacity of the busbar I and the busbar II configuration is both 1MWh.
基于混杂Petri网的负荷转移策略如图3、表1和表2所示，保证母线Ⅰ电压在1.0p.u.～1.07p.u.之间。若负荷或水电转移至母线Ⅱ，母线Ⅱ也出现过电压时，此时启动分布式储能进行电压调节，进入步骤3。The load transfer strategy based on the hybrid Petri net is shown in Figure 3, Table 1 and Table 2, which ensures that the voltage of bus I is between 1.0p.u. and 1.07p.u. If the load or hydropower is transferred to the bus II, and the bus II also has overvoltage, the distributed energy storage is started to adjust the voltage, and the process goes to step 3.
表1 Petri网负荷转供策略中库所说明Table 1 The description of the library in the load transfer strategy of Petri net
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000059
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000059
表2 Petri网负荷转供策略中变迁说明Table 2 Description of transitions in Petri net load transfer strategy
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000060
Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-000060
如图5所示，当实施步骤2和步骤3仍无法解决母线Ⅰ过电压问题时，执行步骤4的序贯式弃水。当执行弃水计划后，母线Ⅰ电压恢复至正常范围时，进入计划投水电阶段，保证水电的最大化消纳。As shown in Figure 5, when steps 2 and 3 still cannot solve the overvoltage problem of bus I, the sequential water discarding in step 4 is performed. After the implementation of the water abandonment plan, when the bus I voltage returns to the normal range, it will enter the stage of planned hydropower investment to ensure the maximum consumption of hydropower.
如图6所示，为2019年该工程中配电网各支线及站外负荷的月度平均发用电功率曲线。由图5可知，2019年丰水期为8月，枯水期为1月。As shown in Figure 6, it is the monthly average power consumption curve of each branch line and off-station load of the distribution network in the project in 2019. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the wet season in 2019 is August and the dry season is January.
本实施例针对4个不同的运行场景设计了相应的仿真环境，验证了本发明提供的一种基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法的有效性。In this embodiment, corresponding simulation environments are designed for 4 different operation scenarios, and the effectiveness of a distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation provided by the present invention is verified.
其中，所述仿真场景包括2019年丰水期、枯水期以及正常期(取发用电平均值)，分析了相应场景下的边界条件并验证了整体方法的调节效果，在此基础上，针对连续时间段内的复杂运行工况设计了1个仿真场景，分析并验证了整体方法的调节效果。Among them, the simulation scenarios include the wet season, dry season and normal season in 2019 (take the average value of power generation and electricity consumption). The boundary conditions in the corresponding scenarios are analyzed and the adjustment effect of the overall method is verified. On this basis, for continuous A simulation scenario is designed for complex operating conditions within the time period, and the adjustment effect of the overall method is analyzed and verified.
其中，所述的场景1分析正常情况下的边界条件，以2019年水电发电量和负荷用电平均值为例，测试是否出现过电压及整体方法的调节效果。Among them, the described scenario 1 analyzes the boundary conditions under normal conditions, and takes the average value of hydropower generation and load electricity consumption in 2019 as an example to test whether overvoltage occurs and the adjustment effect of the overall method.
由图6计算可知，2019年Ⅰ支线、Ⅱ支线、Ⅲ支线的平均发电功率分别为：0.6476MW、0.5507MW、0.3527MW，平均用电功率分别为：0.0101MW、0.4282MW、0.2122MW，站外负荷的平均用电功率为：0.1675MW。以2019年各支线及站外负荷的发用电 功率的平均值作为正常情况下仿真案例的数据支撑，本方法的仿真结果如图7所示。It can be seen from the calculation in Figure 6 that the average power generation of branch I, branch II and branch III in 2019 are: 0.6476MW, 0.5507MW, 0.3527MW, and the average power consumption is: 0.0101MW, 0.4282MW, 0.2122MW, respectively. The average power consumption is: 0.1675MW. Taking the average value of the generated power of each branch line and the load outside the station in 2019 as the data support of the simulation case under normal conditions, the simulation results of this method are shown in Figure 7.
由图7可知，正常情况下母线Ⅰ存在过电压现象，电压值为1.09p.u.。此时通过计算，执行步骤2，将Ⅰ支线转移至母线Ⅱ。如图8所示，为各支线的负荷转移状态(P1为负荷接入母线Ⅰ，P2为负荷转移接入母线Ⅱ，P3为母线Ⅰ、Ⅱ均过压，启动分布式储能进行调压)。负荷转移后母线Ⅰ、Ⅱ的电压分别为1.0128p.u.和1p.u.，均满足系统运行的电压安全范围，整体方法的电压调节有效。It can be seen from Figure 7 that there is an overvoltage phenomenon on bus I under normal circumstances, and the voltage value is 1.09p.u. At this time, through the calculation, step 2 is executed to transfer the branch line I to the bus line II. As shown in Figure 8, it is the load transfer state of each branch (P1 is the load access bus I, P2 is the load transfer access bus II, P3 is the overvoltage of the bus I and II, and the distributed energy storage is activated for voltage regulation) . After the load transfer, the voltages of bus I and II are 1.0128p.u. and 1p.u. respectively, which both meet the voltage safety range of system operation, and the voltage regulation of the overall method is effective.
其中，所述的场景2分析丰水情况下的边界条件，以2019年水电发电量最高、负荷用电最低为例，过电压现象最严重，测试整体方法的调节效果。Among them, the described scenario 2 analyzes the boundary conditions in the case of abundant water. Taking the highest hydropower generation and the lowest load power consumption in 2019 as an example, the overvoltage phenomenon is the most serious, and the adjustment effect of the overall method is tested.
由图6计算可知，2019年丰水期(8月份)Ⅰ的平均发电功率分别为：1.0648MW、1.1386MW、0.5658MW，平均用电功率分别为：0.0099MW、0.4338MW、0.2417MW，站外负荷的平均用电功率为：0.1751MW。以2019年丰水期(8月份)各支线及站外负荷的发用电功率的平均值作为丰水情况下仿真案例的数据支撑，本方法的仿真结果如图9所示。From the calculation in Figure 6, it can be seen that the average power generation of I in the wet season (August) in 2019 is: 1.0648MW, 1.1386MW, 0.5658MW, and the average power consumption is: 0.0099MW, 0.4338MW, 0.2417MW, respectively. The average power consumption is: 0.1751MW. The average value of the generated power of each branch line and the load outside the station in the wet season in 2019 (August) is used as the data support for the simulation case under the wet conditions. The simulation results of this method are shown in Figure 9.
由图9可知，丰水情况下母线Ⅰ存在过电压现象，电压值为1.2p.u.。此时通过计算，执行步骤2，将Ⅰ支线和Ⅲ支线转移至母线Ⅱ。如图10所示，为各支线的负荷转移状态(P1为负荷接入母线Ⅰ，P2为负荷转移接入母线Ⅱ，P3为母线Ⅰ、Ⅱ均过压，启动分布式储能进行调压)。负荷转移后母线Ⅰ、Ⅱ的电压分别为1.0659p.u.和1p.u.，均满足系统运行的电压安全范围，整体方法的电压调节有效。It can be seen from Fig. 9 that there is an overvoltage phenomenon on the bus I under the condition of high water flow, and the voltage value is 1.2p.u. At this time, through the calculation, step 2 is executed to transfer the I branch and the III branch to the bus II. As shown in Figure 10, it is the load transfer state of each branch (P1 is the load access bus I, P2 is the load transfer access bus II, P3 is the overvoltage of the bus I and II, and the distributed energy storage is activated for voltage regulation) . After the load transfer, the voltages of bus I and II are 1.0659p.u. and 1p.u. respectively, which both meet the voltage safety range of system operation, and the voltage regulation of the overall method is effective.
其中，所述的场景3分析枯水情况下的边界条件，以2019年水电发电量最低、负荷用电最高为例，测试是否出现欠电压及整体方法的调节效果。Among them, the described scenario 3 analyzes the boundary conditions in the case of dry water, and takes the lowest hydropower generation and the highest load power consumption in 2019 as an example to test whether there is undervoltage and the adjustment effect of the overall method.
由图6计算可知，2019年枯水期(1月份)Ⅰ支线、Ⅱ支线、Ⅲ支线的平均发电功率分别为：0.1004MW、0.1165MW、0.0967MW，平均用电功率分别为：0.0098MW、0.4609MW、0.2480MW，站外负荷的平均用电功率为：0.1594MW。以2019年枯水期(1月份)各支线及站外负荷的发用电功率的平均值作为枯水情况下仿真案例的数据支撑，本方法的仿真结果如图11所示。According to the calculation in Figure 6, in the dry season (January) in 2019, the average power generation of branch I, branch II and branch III are: 0.1004MW, 0.1165MW, 0.0967MW, and the average power consumption is: 0.0098MW, 0.4609MW, 0.2480 MW, the average power consumption of the load outside the station is: 0.1594MW. The average value of the generated power of each branch line and the load outside the station in the dry season of 2019 (January) is used as the data support for the simulation case under dry conditions. The simulation results of this method are shown in Figure 11.
由图11可知，枯水情况下母线Ⅰ存在欠电压现象，电压值为0.91p.u.。此时通过计算，执行步骤2。如图12所示，为各支线的负荷转移状态(P1为负荷接入母线Ⅰ，P2为负荷转移接入母线Ⅱ，P3为母线Ⅰ、Ⅱ均过压，执行步骤3)。分布式储能调压后母线Ⅰ、Ⅱ的电压分别为1p.u.和1p.u.，均满足系统运行的电压安全范围，整体方法的电压调节有效。It can be seen from Figure 11 that the bus I has an undervoltage phenomenon in the case of dry water, and the voltage value is 0.91p.u. At this time, through calculation, step 2 is performed. As shown in Figure 12, it is the load transfer state of each branch line (P1 is the load access bus I, P2 is the load transfer access bus II, P3 is the overvoltage of both bus I and II, go to step 3). After the distributed energy storage voltage regulation, the voltages of the bus I and II are 1p.u. and 1p.u. respectively, which both meet the voltage safety range of the system operation, and the voltage regulation of the overall method is effective.
其中，所述的场景4测试连续时间段内各种复杂工况下整体方法的调节效果。Wherein, the described scenario 4 tests the adjustment effect of the overall method under various complex working conditions in a continuous period of time.
如图13所示，为连续时间段内母线Ⅰ的电压变化曲线。由图13可知，初始母线Ⅰ的电压在t＝2h、4h、8h、10h、11h均存在电压越限的现象，通过执行步骤2和步骤3可以将母线Ⅰ的电压调整至安全运行范围内。由图14所示，Ⅰ支线和Ⅲ支线通过步骤2就可以保证母线Ⅰ的电压在1p.u.～1.07p.u.内，只有在t＝4h、10h和11h时需要分布式储能进行调压，其他阶段均可以通过负荷在母线Ⅰ、Ⅱ间转移，即可保证母线Ⅰ电压在安全运行范围内。因此，本发明既可以保证供电电压的可靠性，又大幅度降低了储能的运行成本，提升供电经济性。As shown in Figure 13, it is the voltage change curve of the bus I in the continuous time period. It can be seen from Figure 13 that the initial bus I voltage at t=2h, 4h, 8h, 10h, and 11h has the phenomenon of voltage exceeding the limit. By performing steps 2 and 3, the bus I voltage can be adjusted to within the safe operating range. As shown in Figure 14, the I branch and the III branch can ensure that the voltage of the bus I is within 1p.u.～1.07p.u. through step 2, and only when t=4h, 10h and 11h need distributed energy storage for voltage regulation, In other stages, the load can be transferred between bus I and II, which can ensure that the voltage of bus I is within the safe operating range. Therefore, the present invention can not only ensure the reliability of the power supply voltage, but also greatly reduce the operation cost of the energy storage and improve the power supply economy.
本发明所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制系统包括：The distribution network voltage control system based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to the present invention includes:
计算模块，用于基于配电网的拓扑参数进行潮流计算，得到配电网各节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度；The calculation module is used to calculate the power flow based on the topology parameters of the distribution network, and obtain the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the distribution network to the active and reactive power output of the node;
负荷转供模块，用于根据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度对每条支线进行排序，基于混杂Petri网构建配各条支线的负荷转移模型，判断第一条支线负荷转移至备用母线上是否会引发备用母线过电压，若是则请求调用储能调节模块，否则通过 支线负荷的灵活转供来调节主母线电压直至安全范围内为止；The load transfer module is used to sort each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, build a load transfer model with each branch line based on the hybrid Petri net, and determine that the load of the first branch line is transferred to the Whether the backup bus will cause the backup bus overvoltage, if so, request to call the energy storage regulation module, otherwise, adjust the main bus voltage through the flexible transfer of the branch load until it is within the safe range;
储能调节模块，用于根据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度，构建系统预测控制模型，调节各分布式储能实现母线电压的最优控制；若仍无法解决主母线电压越限问题，则请求调用弃水控制模块；The energy storage adjustment module is used to construct a system predictive control model according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, and adjust each distributed energy storage to realize the optimal control of the bus voltage; If there is a limit problem, request to call the abandoned water control module;
弃水控制模块，用于根据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度计算得到各条支线的弃水量，根据所述弃水量对各水电发电单元进行序贯式弃水。The water rejection control module is used for calculating the water rejection amount of each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, and performing sequential water rejection for each hydropower generation unit according to the water rejection amount.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：A distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
    (1)基于配电网的拓扑参数进行潮流计算，得到配电网各节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度；(1) Calculate the power flow based on the topology parameters of the distribution network, and obtain the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the distribution network to the active and reactive power output of the node;
    (2)根据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度对每条支线进行排序，基于混杂Petri网构建配各条支线的负荷转移模型，通过支线负荷的灵活转供来调节主母线电压直至安全范围内为止。(2) Sort each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, build a load transfer model with each branch line based on the hybrid Petri net, and adjust the main bus voltage through the flexible transfer of the branch line load until it is within the safe range.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法，其特征在于，该方法还包括：The distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
    (3)当步骤(2)仍无法解决配电网母线电压的越限问题时，依据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度，构建系统预测控制模型，调节各分布式储能实现母线电压的最优控制。(3) When step (2) still cannot solve the problem of exceeding the limit of the bus voltage of the distribution network, build a system predictive control model according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active and reactive power, and adjust the distributed energy storage to achieve Optimal control of bus voltage.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法，其特征在于，该方法还包括：The distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
    (4)当步骤(3)仍无法解决配电网母线电压的越限问题时，依据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度计算得到各条支线的弃水量，根据所述弃水量对各水电发电单元进行序贯式弃水。(4) When step (3) still fails to solve the problem of exceeding the limit of the bus voltage of the distribution network, calculate the amount of discarded water of each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the active and reactive power output of the node, according to the amount of discarded water Sequential water disposal for each hydropower generation unit.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)包括：The distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) comprises:
    (11)除第一个参考节点已知外，其它节点均视为PQ节点，建立配电网各节点注入电流与电压的方程：(11) Except the first reference node is known, other nodes are regarded as PQ nodes, and the equations of the injected current and voltage of each node of the distribution network are established:
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100001
    其中，N为配电网节点总数，I k＝(S k/V k) *＝((P k+jQ k)/V k) *是第k个节点的注入电流，S k＝P k+jQ k是第k个节点的注入功率，V k是第k个节点的电压，V n是为母线参考电压，η 21,...η k1,...η N1是一系列常数增益，R km+jX km是第k个节点与第m个节点间的线路阻抗； Among them, N is the total number of nodes in the distribution network, I k =(S k /V k ) * =((P k +jQ k )/V k ) * is the injection current of the kth node, S k =P k + jQ k is the injected power at the kth node, Vk is the voltage at the kth node, Vn is the bus reference voltage, η 21 ,...η k1 ,... η N1 is a series of constant gains, R km +jX km is the line impedance between the kth node and the mth node;
    (12)计算各节点电压对输出有功的灵敏度：(12) Calculate the sensitivity of each node voltage to the output active power:
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100002
    计算各节点电压对输出无功的灵敏度：Calculate the sensitivity of each node voltage to the output reactive power:
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100003
    其中，in,
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100007
    V ηk＝V n·η k1；P k和Q k分别表示第k个节点的注入有功和无功；P m和Q m分别表示第m个节点的注入有功和无功；上标 re代表该变量实部，上标 im代表该变量虚部；
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100008
    是第k个节点电压对第m个节点输出无功的灵敏度，
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100009
    是第k个节点电压对第m个节点输出有功的灵敏度。     V ηk =V n ·η k1 ; P k and Q k represent the injected active and reactive power of the k-th node, respectively; P m and Q m represent the injected active and reactive power of the m-th node, respectively; the superscript re represents the The real part of the variable, the superscript im represents the imaginary part of the variable;
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100008
    is the sensitivity of the kth node voltage to the mth node output reactive power,
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100009
    is the sensitivity of the kth node voltage to the mth node output active power.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)：The distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to claim 1, wherein the step (2):
    (21)根据所述配电网各节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度，分别计算M条支线的灵敏度总和：(21) According to the sensitivity of each node voltage of the distribution network to the node output active power and reactive power, calculate the sum of the sensitivity of the M branch lines respectively:
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100010
    功的灵敏度，
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100011
    是主母线节点电压对第j个节点输出无功的灵敏度；
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100010
    work sensitivity,
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100011
    is the sensitivity of the main bus node voltage to the output reactive power of the jth node;
    按灵敏度由高到低的原则对M条支线进行排序，第1条支线的灵敏度总和最高，第M条支线的灵敏度总和最低；Sort the M branch lines according to the principle of sensitivity from high to low, the first branch line has the highest total sensitivity, and the Mth branch line has the lowest sensitivity sum;
    (22)基于混杂Petri网构建各条支线的负荷转移模型，将每条支线的母线连接状态建立为库所，将每条支线的负荷转移条件建立为变迁；(22) Construct the load transfer model of each branch line based on the hybrid Petri net, establish the busbar connection state of each branch line as a warehouse, and establish the load transfer condition of each branch line as a transition;
    (23)初始化M条支线的连接状态，即初始状态均连接在主母线上，监测主母线是否出现电压越限问题，若出现电压越限问题，则判断第一条支线负荷转移至备用母线上是否会引发备用母线过电压，若是，则直接进入步骤(3)，若不是，则触发第一条支线的变迁，进行第一条支线的负荷转移；(23) Initialize the connection state of the M branch lines, that is, the initial state is connected to the main bus, and monitor whether the voltage exceeds the limit of the main bus. If the voltage exceeds the limit, it is judged that the first branch load is transferred to the standby bus Whether it will cause the overvoltage of the standby bus, if so, go directly to step (3), if not, trigger the transition of the first branch line to transfer the load of the first branch line;
    (24)第一条支线负荷转移后，再判断主母线的电压是否在安全范围内，若是，则继续监测备用母线的电压情况，若不是，则触发第二条支线的变迁，执行第二条支线的负荷转移；(24) After the load of the first branch line is transferred, judge whether the voltage of the main bus is within the safe range. If so, continue to monitor the voltage of the backup bus. If not, trigger the transition of the second branch and execute the second load transfer of branch lines;
    依此类推，直至通过M条支线负荷的依次转移，将主母线的电压调节至安全范围内为止。And so on, until the voltage of the main bus is adjusted to a safe range through the sequential transfer of the M branch line loads.
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)包括：The distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to claim 2, wherein the step (3) comprises:
    (31)定义配电网系统控制量：(31) Define the control quantity of the distribution network system:
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100012
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100012
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100013
    为分布式储能的有功功率，
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100014
    为分布式储能的无功功率；     in,
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100013
    is the active power of distributed energy storage,
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100014
    Reactive power for distributed energy storage;
    (32)构建系统预测控制模型：(32) Build a system predictive control model:
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100015
    s.t.s.t.
    μ min≤μ(k+i|k)≤μ max,i＝0,1...N c-1 μ min ≤ μ(k+i|k)≤ μ max , i=0,1...N c -1
    Δμ min≤Δμ(k+i|k)≤Δμ max,i＝0,1...N c-1 Δμ min ≤Δμ(k+i|k)≤Δμ max ,i=0,1...N c -1
    y min≤y(k+i|k)≤y max,i＝0,1...N p-1 y min ≤y(k+i|k)≤y max ,i=0,1...N p -1
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100016
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100016
    SOC min≤SOC(k)≤SOC max SOC min ≤SOC(k)≤SOC max
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100017
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100017
    其中，N c和N p分别为控制域和预测域；Q和R为控制目标函数的成本权重矩阵；μ min和μ max分别为控制量的上下限约束；Δμ(k)＝μ(k+1)-μ(k)；Δμ min和Δμ max是控制量的爬坡约束；y(k+i|k)是基于k时刻测量值的k+i时刻的母线电压预测值；y min和y max是系统母线电压约束；
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100018
    是母线电压对控制变量μ(k)的灵敏度矩阵；Δy(k)＝y(k+1)-y(k)；当i＞N c时，有Δμ(k+i)＝0；SOC(k+i|k)是基于k时刻测量值的k+i时刻的储能状态预测值；SOC min和
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100019
    分别表示第i个分布式储能的最大和最小充电状态；δ(k)为充放电系数，δ(k)＝1为储能放电，δ(k)＝0为储能充电；η c和η d为储能的充放电效率；P s(k+i-1|k)为第k时刻预测的第k+i-1时刻的储能功率。     Among them, N c and N p are the control domain and prediction domain, respectively; Q and R are the cost weight matrices of the control objective function; μ min and μ max are the upper and lower limit constraints of the control quantity, respectively; Δμ(k)=μ(k+ 1)-μ(k); Δμmin and Δμmax are the ramp constraints of the control variable; y(k+i|k) is the predicted value of the bus voltage at time k+i based on the measured value at time k; y min and y max is the system bus voltage constraint;
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100018
    is the sensitivity matrix of bus voltage to control variable μ(k); Δy(k)=y(k+1)-y(k); when i> Nc , there is Δμ(k+i)=0; SOC( k+i|k) is the predicted value of the energy storage state at time k+i based on the measured value at time k; SOC min and
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100019
    respectively represent the maximum and minimum state of charge of the i-th distributed energy storage; δ(k) is the charge-discharge coefficient, δ(k)=1 is energy storage discharge, δ(k)=0 is energy storage charging; η c and η d is the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage; P s (k+i-1|k) is the energy storage power at the k+i-1th time predicted at the kth time.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制量的上下限约束具体表示为：The distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to claim 6, wherein the upper and lower limit constraints of the control quantity are specifically expressed as:
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100020
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100020
    其中，P i max、P i min、
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100021
    分别表示第i个分布式储能的有功出力上下限、无功出力的上下限，N s为分布式储能的数量。     Among them, P i max , P i min ,
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100021
    respectively represent the upper and lower limits of active power output and the upper and lower limits of reactive power output of the i-th distributed energy storage, and N s is the number of distributed energy storage.
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制量的爬坡约束具体表示为：The distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to claim 6, wherein the ramp constraint of the control quantity is specifically expressed as:
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100022
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100022
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100023
    分别表示第i个分布式储能的充放电功率限 制，N s为分布式储能的数量。     in,
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100023
    respectively represent the charging and discharging power limit of the i-th distributed energy storage, and Ns is the number of distributed energy storage.
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)包括：The distribution network voltage control method based on load transfer and energy storage regulation according to claim 3, wherein the step (4) comprises:
    (41)根据所述配电网各节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度得到灵敏度矩阵，计算各条支线的弃水量并执行切水电，计算各支线的弃水量：(41) Obtain a sensitivity matrix according to the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the distribution network to the active and reactive power output of the node, calculate the water abandonment amount of each branch line and perform hydropower cutoff, and calculate the water abandonment amount of each branch line:
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100024
    Figure PCTCN2021081716-appb-100024
    其中，ΔP k为支线上第k个节点削减的有功功率；ΔV k为第k个节点的电压变化量； Among them, ΔP k is the active power cut at the k-th node on the branch line; ΔV k is the voltage variation of the k-th node;
    (42)第一条支线执行切水电后，判断主母线电压是否在安全范围内，若是，则进入步骤(43)，若不是，则按顺序计算第二条支线的弃水量并执行切水电，依此类推，直至通过M条支线的序贯式弃水计划将主母线的电压调节至安全范围内为止；(42) After the first branch line performs hydropower cutoff, determine whether the main bus voltage is within a safe range, if so, proceed to step (43), if not, calculate the discarded water volume of the second branch line in sequence and perform hydropower cutoff, And so on, until the voltage of the main bus is adjusted to a safe range through the sequential water abandonment plan of the M branch lines;
    (43)若执行切水电后主母线电压在安全范围内，则立即进入计划投水电阶段，将弃水部分的水电重新并网。(43) If the voltage of the main busbar is within the safe range after the cut-off of hydropower is performed, immediately enter the stage of planned hydropower investment, and reconnect the hydropower of the abandoned water to the grid.
  10. 一种基于负荷转供和储能调节的配电网电压控制系统，其特征在于，该系统包括：A distribution network voltage control system based on load transfer and energy storage regulation, characterized in that the system includes:
    计算模块，用于基于配电网的拓扑参数进行潮流计算，得到配电网各节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度；The calculation module is used to calculate the power flow based on the topology parameters of the distribution network, and obtain the sensitivity of the voltage of each node of the distribution network to the active and reactive power output of the node;
    负荷转供模块，用于根据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度对每条支线进行排序，基于混杂Petri网构建配各条支线的负荷转移模型，判断第一条支线负荷转移至备用母线上是否会引发备用母线过电压，若是则请求调用储能调节模块，否则通过支线负荷的灵活转供来调节主母线电压直至安全范围内为止；The load transfer module is used to sort each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, build a load transfer model with each branch line based on the hybrid Petri net, and determine that the load of the first branch line is transferred to the Whether the backup bus will cause the backup bus overvoltage, if so, request to call the energy storage regulation module, otherwise, adjust the main bus voltage through the flexible transfer of the branch load until it is within the safe range;
    储能调节模块，用于根据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度，构建系统预测控制模型，调节各分布式储能实现母线电压的最优控制；若仍无法解决主母线电压越限问题，则请求调用弃水控制模块；The energy storage adjustment module is used to construct a system predictive control model according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, and adjust each distributed energy storage to realize the optimal control of the bus voltage; If there is a limit problem, request to call the abandoned water control module;
    弃水控制模块，用于根据所述节点电压对节点输出有功及无功的灵敏度计算得到各条支线的弃水量，根据所述弃水量对各水电发电单元进行序贯式弃水。The water rejection control module is used for calculating the water rejection amount of each branch line according to the sensitivity of the node voltage to the node output active power and reactive power, and performing sequential water rejection for each hydropower generation unit according to the water rejection amount.
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