WO2022183696A1 - 一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022183696A1
WO2022183696A1 PCT/CN2021/114729 CN2021114729W WO2022183696A1 WO 2022183696 A1 WO2022183696 A1 WO 2022183696A1 CN 2021114729 W CN2021114729 W CN 2021114729W WO 2022183696 A1 WO2022183696 A1 WO 2022183696A1
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Prior art keywords
module
current
circuit breaker
line
power electronic
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PCT/CN2021/114729
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏晓光
周万迪
李弸智
刘远
张升
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全球能源互联网研究院有限公司
国家电网有限公司
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Publication of WO2022183696A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022183696A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/267—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for parallel lines and wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a multifunctional multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker and a control method.
  • High-voltage DC circuit breaker is one of the core equipment for multi-terminal and DC grid construction, and its technical economy directly affects the flexibility and extensiveness of DC grid applications.
  • the transmission capacity and application scale of DC power grids will continue to increase, the grid structure will become increasingly complex, and large-scale applications will put forward higher requirements for the technical economy of high-voltage DC circuit breakers.
  • HVDC circuit breakers mainly have two technical routes: hybrid and mechanical.
  • the mechanical scheme has bottleneck problems such as long breaking time for small currents and difficulty in rapid reclosing, which limits the improvement of the breaking performance of this scheme, and its cost increases significantly with the increase of the number of reclosings. Therefore, compared with the mechanical DC circuit breaker, the hybrid solution is more widely used in engineering.
  • the current hybrid DC circuit breaker usually adopts a large number of fully controlled power electronic devices. It will cause the device to further increase, resulting in a substantial increase in cost.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the defect of high cost of the hybrid DC circuit breaker in the prior art, so as to provide a multifunctional multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker and a control method.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a multifunctional multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker, including: a power flow control module, a plurality of current flow modules, a current limiting module, an energy consumption module, a breaking module, and a plurality of selection modules, One end of the power flow control module is connected to the DC bus connection port, the other end is connected to one end of each of the current flow modules, the other end of each of the current flow modules is connected to each of the DC line connection ports, the DC The busbar connection ports and the DC line connection ports are set in one-to-one correspondence; one end of each of the selection modules is connected to its corresponding DC line, and the other end is connected to one end of the current limiting module; the other ends of the current limiting modules are respectively It is connected with one end of the energy consumption module and one end of the breaking module; the other end of the energy consumption module and the other end of the breaking module are connected with the DC bus.
  • the power flow control module includes: power electronic switch units arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each DC line, and a capacitor arranged between every two adjacent DC lines, wherein the value of each capacitor is The two ends are respectively connected with two adjacent DC lines; the power electronic switching unit includes a power electronic switching device and a pre-charging capacitor.
  • the flow-through module includes at least one mechanical switch.
  • the selection module includes a mechanical switch and at least one bidirectional power electronic switch unit, wherein the mechanical switch is connected in series with each of the bidirectional power electronic switch units.
  • the selection module includes: a plurality of bidirectional power electronic switch units connected in series and a non-linear resistor connected in parallel with the plurality of bidirectional power electronic switch units connected in series.
  • the current limiting module is a resistive current limiting module, a capacitive current limiting module or an inductive current limiting module.
  • the energy consumption module is a lightning arrester.
  • the breaking module includes at least one bidirectional power electronic switch unit.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling a multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker, which is applied to the control method for a multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker described in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the method includes: when receiving a line power flow command, blocking each power electronic switch unit in the power flow control module to adjust the line power flow.
  • control method further includes: when receiving the current DC line fault breaking instruction, blocking the power electronic switch unit of the power flow control module in the current DC line, and simultaneously turning on the breaking module and the current DC line The connected selection module, so that the fault current of the current DC line flows into the commutation branch; after the current transfer is completed, the current-passing module in the DC line and the selection module connected with other lines are disconnected; when the fault current is in the current limit Under the action of the module, it drops to the breaking capacity of the breaking unit, locks the breaking unit, and transfers the current to the energy-consuming module for removal.
  • the multifunctional multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker includes: a power flow control module, a plurality of current flow modules, a current limiting module, an energy consumption module, a breaking module and a plurality of selection modules, wherein one end of the power flow control module It is connected to the DC bus connection port, the other end is connected to one end of each current module, the other end of each current module is connected to each DC line connection port, and the DC bus connection port and the DC line connection port are set in one-to-one correspondence; One end of the module is connected to its corresponding DC line, and the other end is connected to one end of the current limiting module; the other end of the current limiting module is respectively connected to one end of the energy consumption module and one end of the breaking module; the other end of the energy consumption module is connected to the breaking module.
  • the other end of the module is connected to the DC bus.
  • the above-mentioned multi-functional multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker can be applied in a multi-port structure, with multiple DC line flow control, short-circuit current limiting and breaking capabilities, reducing the overall size and cost of the DC circuit breaker, making it a good technical And economic performance, it can meet the needs of large-scale application of high-voltage DC circuit breakers. Further, by sharing the converter branch, the equipment investment of the DC circuit breaker is greatly reduced, which is beneficial to the construction of multi-terminal and DC power grids.
  • the multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker control method provided by the present application, by configuring the multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker control method in the multi-port DC system, the current injection type DC circuit breaker can be used to realize simultaneous multiple DC circuit breakers Line flow control, short-circuit current limiting and breaking reduce the overall volume and cost of DC circuit breakers, which can meet the needs of large-scale application of high-voltage DC circuit breakers, and at the same time greatly reduce the equipment investment of DC circuit breakers, which is beneficial to multi-terminal and DC power grids. building.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a specific example of a multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 2 is a topology diagram of a specific example of a power flow control module in an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 3 is a topology diagram of a specific example of a power electronic switch unit in an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 4 is a topology diagram of another specific example of a power electronic switch unit in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a topology structure diagram of another specific example of a power electronic switch unit in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a topology structure diagram of a specific example of a selection module in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a topology diagram of another specific example of a selection module in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a topology diagram of another specific example of a selection module in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a topology structure diagram of a specific example of a resistive current limiting module in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a topology diagram of a specific example of a capacitive current limiting module in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a topology diagram of a specific example of an inductive current limiting module in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12 is a structural diagram of another specific example of a multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a specific example of a control method for a multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection connection, or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components, which can be a wireless connection or a wired connection connect.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection connection, or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components, which can be a wireless connection or a wired connection connect.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker, which is applied to a multi-terminal and flexible DC power grid.
  • the above-mentioned multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker as shown in Figure 1, includes: a power flow control module, a plurality of current flow modules, a current limiting module, an energy consumption module, a breaking module and a plurality of selection modules, wherein the power flow control module One end of the module is connected to the DC bus connection port, the other end is connected to one end of each flow module, the other end of each flow module is connected to each DC line connection port, and the DC bus connection port and the DC line connection port are set in one-to-one correspondence.
  • each selection module is connected to its corresponding DC line, and the other end is connected to one end of the current limiting module; the other end of the current limiting module is respectively connected to one end of the energy consumption module and one end of the breaking module; the other end of the energy consumption module And the other end of the breaking module is connected to the DC bus.
  • the multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker is installed in the DC power grid, and is used to realize the conduction of the steady-state current of the DC line when the DC line is in normal operation, and after detecting the fault of the DC line.
  • the fault current is transferred to the commutation branch to realize the fault blocking function.
  • the DC bus connection port and the DC line connection port are not shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the multifunctional multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker includes: a power flow control module, a plurality of current flow modules, a current limiting module, an energy consumption module, a breaking module and a plurality of selection modules, wherein one end of the power flow control module It is connected to the DC bus connection port, the other end is connected to one end of each current module, the other end of each current module is connected to each DC line connection port, and the DC bus connection port and the DC line connection port are set in one-to-one correspondence; One end of the module is connected to its corresponding DC line, and the other end is connected to one end of the current limiting module; the other end of the current limiting module is respectively connected to one end of the energy consumption module and one end of the breaking module; the other end of the energy consumption module is connected to the breaking module.
  • the other end of the module is connected to the DC bus.
  • the above-mentioned multi-functional multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker can be applied in a multi-port structure, with multiple DC line flow control, short-circuit current limiting and breaking capabilities, reducing the overall size and cost of the DC circuit breaker, making it a good technical And economic performance, it can meet the needs of large-scale application of high-voltage DC circuit breakers. Further, by sharing the converter branch, the equipment investment of the DC circuit breaker is greatly reduced, which is beneficial to the construction of multi-terminal and DC power grids.
  • the power flow control module includes: a power electronic switch unit arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each DC line, and a capacitor arranged between every two adjacent DC lines, wherein each Two ends of the capacitor are respectively connected with two adjacent DC lines; the power electronic switching unit includes a power electronic switching device and a pre-charging capacitor.
  • the power flow control module is used to realize the power flow control of each line under the steady state of the system, and the current transfer of the faulty line after the system failure.
  • the pre-charged capacitor in the power electronic switch unit is put into the power electronic switch unit to form a voltage difference between the DC lines, adjust the power flow, and realize the adjacent DC through the capacitor arranged between each two adjacent DC lines. Balance of line input capacitor voltage.
  • the power electronic switch unit has various configurations, including the reverse series connection form of the full control device as shown in FIG.
  • the power electronic switching devices include: IGBTs, diodes, etc., which are only taken as examples and not limited thereto.
  • the flow-through module includes at least one mechanical switch.
  • the current-passing module is composed of at least one fast mechanical switch, which is mainly used to conduct the rated current of the system during steady-state operation and withstand the transient voltage during the interruption of the DC circuit breaker after a system fault.
  • the selection module includes a mechanical switch and at least one bidirectional power electronic switch unit, wherein the mechanical switch is connected in series with each bidirectional power electronic switch unit.
  • the selection module is a fast switch unit with bidirectional conduction and blocking capabilities, which is mainly used to selectively implement short-circuit current of faulty lines and transient breaking voltage isolation of non-faulty lines.
  • the selection module may further include: a plurality of bidirectional power electronic switch units connected in series and a nonlinear resistor connected in parallel with the plurality of bidirectional power electronic switch units connected in series.
  • the selection module may also be in the form of an anti-parallel connection of a diode valve and a thyristor valve.
  • the current limiting module is a resistive current limiting module, a capacitive current limiting module or an inductive current limiting module.
  • the current limiting module is mainly used to limit the fault current, and it can be a resistive current limiting module, or a capacitive current limiting module composed of nonlinear capacitors, or an inductive reactance of thyristor switching.
  • Current limiting module includes a variable resistor R1 .
  • the capacitive current limiting module includes a first resistor R2 and an adjustable capacitor C1, wherein the first resistor R2 is connected in parallel with the adjustable capacitor C1.
  • the inductive current limiting module includes a first capacitor C2, a first thyristor T1, a second thyristor T2, a third thyristor T3 and a first inductor L, wherein one end of the first capacitor C2 is connected to the first thyristor T1.
  • the anode is connected, the other end is connected to the anode of the second thyristor T2 and the cathode of the third thyristor T3, the cathode of the first thyristor T1 is connected to one end of the first inductor L, and the other end of the first inductor L is connected to the cathode of the second thyristor T2 And the anode of the third thyristor T3 is connected.
  • the energy dissipation module is a lightning arrester.
  • the energy dissipation unit is a series of non-linear resistance sheets for absorbing the electromagnetic energy of the inductive elements of the system and clearing the short-circuit current.
  • the breaking module includes at least one bidirectional power electronic switch unit.
  • the breaking module is a high-speed bidirectional power electronic switch unit, which is used to realize the breaking of short-circuit current, and its typical structure is a reverse series connection of a full-control device or a bridge module.
  • the bidirectional power electronic switch unit includes an IGBT device and a diode in anti-parallel with the IGBT device.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a control method for a multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker, which is applied to the above-mentioned control method for a multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker.
  • the control method includes: when a line power flow command is received, blocking the power flow
  • Each power electronic switch unit in the control module regulates the line flow.
  • the control method is specifically described by taking the current injection type DC circuit breaker shown in FIG. 12 as an example.
  • the breaking module is in a blocking state, and each selection module is in a blocking state.
  • the current flows through the mechanical switch K1, the mechanical switch K2, the power electronic switch unit 1, and the power electronic switch unit 2 on the DC line.
  • the power electronic switch units of the two adjacent DC lines are blocked, and the pre-charged capacitors in the power electronic switch units are put in to change the line flow.
  • the voltage balance between the two lines can be realized by the capacitors between the poles. .
  • control method further includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 When receiving the current DC line fault breaking instruction, block the power electronic switch unit of the power flow control module in the current DC line, and simultaneously turn on the breaking module and the selection module connected with the current DC line, so as to make the current DC line fail. Current flows into the commutation branch.
  • Step S2 After the current transfer is completed, disconnect the current flow module in the DC line and the selection module connected to other lines.
  • Step S3 when the fault current drops to the breaking capacity range of the breaking unit under the action of the current limiting module, the breaking unit is blocked, and the current is transferred to the energy consumption module for removal.
  • the circuit breaker when the circuit breaker detects that the DC line 1 is faulty, the power electronic switch unit 1 connected to the faulty DC line 1 is blocked, and at the same time, the IGBT in the breaking module is triggered to be turned on, and the selection module 1 is turned on.
  • the current on the faulty DC line 1 is diverted to the commutation branch.
  • the capacitor of the current limiting module presents a high capacitance value to ensure fast commutation.
  • the mechanical switch K1 is quickly opened, and the capacitance value of the current limiting module changes as the voltage increases. When a certain voltage threshold is reached, it will quickly drop to a small capacitance value, and the voltage will be established quickly.
  • the circuit breaker detects that the DC line 1 and the DC line 2 are faulty at the same time, the power electronic switch unit 1 connected to the faulty DC line 1 and the power electronic switch unit 2 connected to the faulty DC line 2 are synchronously blocked, and the power electronic switch unit 2 connected to the faulty DC line 2 is simultaneously triggered.
  • the IGBT is turned on, and the selection module 1 and the selection module 2 are turned on synchronously, and the current on the faulty DC line 1 and the faulty DC line 2 is transferred to the commutation branch.
  • the capacitor of the current limiting module presents a high capacitance value to ensure fast commutation.
  • the mechanical switch K1 in the current-passing module 1 and the mechanical switch K2 in the current-passing module 2 are quickly opened, and the capacitance value in the current-limiting module changes as the voltage increases when a certain voltage is reached.
  • the threshold value will quickly drop to a small capacitance value, and the voltage will quickly build up to limit the short-circuit current.
  • the fast mechanical switch K1 and the mechanical switch K2 reach the withstand transient voltage, and the short-circuit current drops to the level where the breaking module can be turned off, the breaking module is blocked, and the current is forcibly transferred to the energy-consuming module MOV to achieve current clearing.
  • the current rise rate and current amplitude of DC line 1 are monitored in real time.
  • the IGBT controls the commutation branch connected to the current DC line to stop working, and closes the mechanical switch K1 to control the current flow module in the DC line to connect to the current DC line. If the fault still exists, the IGBT in the breaking module is closed again, and the commutation branch connected to the current DC line is controlled to start working, so that the fault current of the current DC line flows into the energy-consuming module in the commutation branch to carry out the fault current. of clearing.
  • the multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker control method provided by the present application, by configuring the multi-function multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker control method in the multi-port DC system, the current injection type DC circuit breaker can be used to realize simultaneous multiple DC circuit breakers Line flow control, short-circuit current limiting and breaking reduce the overall volume and cost of DC circuit breakers, which can meet the needs of large-scale application of high-voltage DC circuit breakers, and at the same time greatly reduce the equipment investment of DC circuit breakers, which is beneficial to multi-terminal and DC power grids. building.

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Abstract

本申请提供的一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器及控制方法，该断路器包括：潮流控制模块、多个通流模块、限流模块、耗能模块、开断模块及多个选择模块，其中，潮流控制模块的一端与直流母线接线端口连接，另一端与各通流模块的一端连接，各通流模块的另一端与每条直流线路接线端口连接，直流母线接线端口与直流线路接线端口一一对应设置；各选择模块的一端与其对应的直流线路连接，另一端与限流模块的一端连接；限流模块的另一端分别与耗能模块的一端及开断模块的一端连接；耗能模块的另一端及开断模块的另一端与直流母线连接。通过实施本申请，使得直流断路器设备投资大幅减少，且具备潮流控制能力，有利于推动多端及直流电网的发挥。

Description

一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器及控制方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202110247025.1、申请日为2021年03月05日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及电力电子技术领域，具体涉及一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器及控制方法。
背景技术
高压直流断路器是多端及直流电网构建的核心设备之一，其技术经济性直接影响了直流电网应用的灵活性与广泛性。随着风光等可再生能源大规模开发，直流电网传输容量及应用规模将不断增加，网架结构将日趋复杂，规模化应用对高压直流断路器技术经济性将提出更高的要求。
目前高压直流断路器主要有混合式与机械式两种技术路线。机械式方案存在小电流开断时间长、快速重合闸困难等瓶颈问题，限制了该方案开断性能的提升，且其成本随着重合闸次数的增加显著提升。因此，相较于机械式直流断路器，混合式方案在工程上应用更为广泛，然而目前的混合式直流断路器通常采用大量的全控型电力电子器件，随着开断电流需求的提升，将会造成器件进一步增大，导致成本大幅增加。
发明内容
因此，本申请要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中混合式直流断路 器成本高的缺陷，从而提供一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器及控制方法。
为达到上述目的，本申请提供如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，包括：潮流控制模块、多个通流模块、限流模块、耗能模块、开断模块及多个选择模块，其中，所述潮流控制模块的一端与直流母线接线端口连接，另一端与各所述通流模块的一端连接，各所述通流模块的另一端与每条直流线路接线端口连接，所述直流母线接线端口与所述直流线路接线端口一一对应设置；各所述选择模块的一端与其对应的直流线路连接，另一端与所述限流模块的一端连接；所述限流模块的另一端分别与所述耗能模块的一端及开断模块的一端连接；所述耗能模块的另一端及开断模块的另一端与所述直流母线连接。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述潮流控制模块包括：与各直流线路一一对应设置的电力电子开关单元，以及设置于每两条相邻直流线路之间的电容，其中，每个电容的两端分别与两条相邻直流线路连接；所述电力电子开关单元包括电力电子开关器件及预充电电容。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述通流模块包括至少一个机械开关。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述选择模块包括：机械开关和至少一个双向电力电子开关单元，其中，所述机械开关与各所述双向电力电子开关单元串联连接。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述选择模块包括：多个串联的双向电力电子开关单元和与多个串联的双向电力电子开关单元并联连接的非线性电阻。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述限流模块为阻性限流模块、容性限流模块或感性限流模块。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述耗能模块为避雷器。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述开断模块包括至少一个双向电力电子开关单元。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法，应用于本申请实施例第一方面所述的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法，所述控制方法包括：在接受到线路潮流指令时，闭锁潮流控制模块中的各电力电子开关单元以调节线路潮流。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述控制方法还包括：在接受到当前直流线路故障分断指令时，闭锁当前直流线路中的潮流控制模块电力电子开关单元同时导通开断模块及与当前直流线路连接的选择模块，以使所述当前直流线路的故障电流流入换流支路中；电流转移完成后，分断直流线路中的通流模块及与其他线路相连的选择模块；当故障电流在限流模块作用下下降至开断单元开断能力范围内，闭锁开断单元，将电流转移至耗能模块进行清除。
本申请技术方案，具有如下优点：
本申请提供的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，包括：潮流控制模块、多个通流模块、限流模块、耗能模块、开断模块及多个选择模块，其中，潮流控制模块的一端与直流母线接线端口连接，另一端与各通流模块的一端连接，各通流模块的另一端与每条直流线路接线端口连接，直流母线接线端口与直流线路接线端口一一对应设置；各选择模块的一端与其对应的直流线路连接，另一端与限流模块的一端连接；限流模块的另一端分别与耗能模块的一端及开断模块的一端连接；耗能模块的另一端及开断模块的另一端与直流母线连接。上述多功能多端口混合式直流断路器可应用在多端口结构中，具备多条直流线路潮流控制、短路电流限制与开断能力，减少了直流断路器整体体积和成本，使之具备良好的技术与经济性能，可满 足高压直流断路器规模化应用需求。进一步地，通过共用换流支路，大幅降低了直流断路器的设备投资，有利于多端及直流电网的建设。
本申请提供的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法，通过在多端口直流系统中配置多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法，利用电流注入式直流断路器即可实现同时多条直流线路潮流控制、短路电流限制与开断，减少了直流断路器整体体积和成本，可满足高压直流断路器规模化应用需求，同时大幅降低了直流断路器的设备投资，有利于多端及直流电网的建设。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例中多功能多端口混合式直流断路器一个具体示例的结构图；
图2为本申请实施例中潮流控制模块的一个具体示例的拓扑结构图；
图3为本申请实施例中电力电子开关单元的一个具体示例的拓扑结构图；
图4为本申请实施例中电力电子开关单元的另一个具体示例的拓扑结构图；
图5为本申请实施例中电力电子开关单元的另一个具体示例的拓扑结构图；
图6为本申请实施例中选择模块的一个具体示例的拓扑结构图；
图7为本申请实施例中选择模块的另一个具体示例的拓扑结构图；
图8为本申请实施例中选择模块的另一个具体示例的拓扑结构图；
图9为本申请实施例中阻性限流模块的一个具体示例的拓扑结构图；
图10为本申请实施例中容性限流模块的一个具体示例的拓扑结构图；
图11为本申请实施例中感性限流模块的一个具体示例的拓扑结构图；
图12为本申请实施例中多功能多端口混合式直流断路器的另一个具体示例的结构图；
图13为本申请实施例中多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法的一个具体示例的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，还可以是两个元件内部的连通，可以是无线连接，也可以是有线连接。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
此外，下面所描述的本申请不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
本申请实施例提供一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，应用于多端及柔直电网。上述多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，如图1所示，包括：潮流控制模块、多个通流模块、限流模块、耗能模块、开断模块及多个选择模块，其中，潮流控制模块的一端与直流母线接线端口连接，另一端与各通流模块的一端连接，各通流模块的另一端与每条直流线路接线端口连接，直流母线接线端口与直流线路接线端口一一对应设置；各选择模块的一端与其对应的直流线路连接，另一端与限流模块的一端连接；限流模块的另一端分别与耗能模块的一端及开断模块的一端连接；耗能模块的另一端及开断模块的另一端与直流母线连接。
在一具体实施例中，多功能多端口混合式直流断路器安装在直流电网中，用于在直流线路正常运行时实现直流线路稳态电流的导通，并在检测到直流线路发生的故障后将故障电流转移至换流支路，实现故障阻断功能。在本申请实施例中，直流母线接线端口与直流线路接线端口在图1中未示出。
本申请提供的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，包括：潮流控制模块、多个通流模块、限流模块、耗能模块、开断模块及多个选择模块，其中，潮流控制模块的一端与直流母线接线端口连接，另一端与各通流模块的一端连接，各通流模块的另一端与每条直流线路接线端口连接，直流母线接线端口与直流线路接线端口一一对应设置；各选择模块的一端与其对应的直流线路连接，另一端与限流模块的一端连接；限流模块的另一端分别与耗能模块的一端及开断模块的一端连接；耗能模块的另一端及开断模块的另一端与直流母线连接。上述多功能多端口混合式直流断路器可应用在多端口结构中，具备多条直流线路潮流控制、短路电流限制与开断能力，减 少了直流断路器整体体积和成本，使之具备良好的技术与经济性能，可满足高压直流断路器规模化应用需求。进一步地，通过共用换流支路，大幅降低了直流断路器的设备投资，有利于多端及直流电网的建设。
在一实施例中，如图2所示，潮流控制模块包括：与各直流线路一一对应设置的电力电子开关单元，以及设置于每两条相邻直流线路之间的电容，其中，每个电容的两端分别与两条相邻直流线路连接；电力电子开关单元包括电力电子开关器件及预充电电容。
在一具体实施例中，潮流控制模块要用于实现系统稳态下各线路潮流控制，及系统故障后故障线路电流转移。当电力电子开关单元闭锁后，投入电力电子开关单元中的预充电电容，在直流线路之间形成压差，调节潮流，并通过设置于每两条相邻直流线路之间的电容实现相邻直流线路投入的电容电压的平衡。在本申请实施例中，电力电子开关单元有多种构成形成，包括如图3所示的全控器件反向串联形式，其中，带有储能功能的预充电电容并联于反向串联器件两端；包括如图4所示的全控器件构成的全桥模块形式，其中，带有储能功能的预充电电容并联于桥臂之间；包括如图5所示的二极管构成的全桥模块形式，其中，预充电电容并联于桥臂之间。在本申请实施例中，电力电子开关器件包括：IGBT、二极管等，仅以此为例，不以此为限。通过配置带有储能功能的预充电电容及极线电容，可以灵活实现各直流线路之间的潮流转移，可显著提升直流电网的灵活性。
在一实施例中，通流模块包括至少一个机械开关。
在一具体实施例中，通流模块由至少一个快速机械开关构成，主要用于导通系统稳态运行时额定电流，及耐受系统故障后直流断路器开断过程中的暂态电压。通过在通流模块中仅设置机械开关，使得运行损耗近似为零，且不需要水冷系统，提高了断路器的可靠性。
在一实施例中，如图6所示，选择模块包括：机械开关和至少一个双 向电力电子开关单元，其中，机械开关与各双向电力电子开关单元串联连接。
在一具体实施例中，选择模块为一种双向导通与阻断能力的快速开关单元，主要用于选择实现故障线路的短路电流及非故障线路的暂态开断电压隔离。在一些可选实施方式中，如图7所示，选择模块还可以包括：多个串联的双向电力电子开关单元和与多个串联的双向电力电子开关单元并联连接的非线性电阻。在一些可选实施方式中，如图8所示，选择模块还可以为二极管阀与晶闸管阀的反向并联的形式。通过配置多种选择模块拓扑设计，可依据不同直流电网系统网架结构及运行需求，实现最优综合性能配合，提升设备整体的技术经济性。
在一实施例中，限流模块为阻性限流模块、容性限流模块或感性限流模块。
在一具体实施例中，限流模块主要用于实现故障电流限制，可以为阻性限流模块、或者为由非线性的电容构成的容性限流模块，或者为晶闸管投切的电抗的感性限流模块。在本申请实施例中，阻性限流模块如图9所示，包括可变电阻R1。容性限流模块如图10所示，包括第一电阻R2及可调电容C1，其中，第一电阻R2与可调电容C1并联连接。感性限流模块如图11所示，包括第一电容C2、第一晶闸管T1、第二晶闸管T2、第三晶闸管T3及第一电感L，其中，第一电容C2的一端与第一晶闸管T1的阳极连接，另一端与第二晶闸管T2的阳极及第三晶闸管T3的阴极连接，第一晶闸管T1的阴极与第一电感L的一端连接，第一电感L的另一端与第二晶闸管T2的阴极及第三晶闸管T3的阳极连接。通过设置限流模块，可在电流开断过程中有效限制短路电流，降低开断模块的开断电流要求，从而有利于减少器件并联数，同时还实现了开断模块全控器件多线路共用，从两个方面大幅降低了直流断路器一次成本与体积。
在一实施例中，耗能模块为避雷器。
在一具体实施例中，耗能单元为非线性的电阻片串联，用于吸收系统感性元件电磁能量，清除短路电流。
在一实施例中，开断模块包括至少一个双向电力电子开关单元。
在一具体实施例中，开断模块为高速的双向电力电子开关单元，用于实现短路电流的开断，其典型的结构为全控器件反向串联或者桥式模块，在本申请实施例中，双向电力电子开关单元包括IGBT器件及与IGBT器件反向并联的二极管。
本申请实施例还提供一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法，应用于上述多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法，上述控制方法包括：在接受到线路潮流指令时，闭锁潮流控制模块中的各电力电子开关单元以调节线路潮流。
在一具体实施例中，其控制方法具体以图12所示的电流注入式直流断路器为例进行说明，首先在稳态运行时，开断模块处于闭锁状态，各选择模块均处于阻断状态，电流经直流线路上的机械开关K1、机械开关K2及电力电子开关单元1、电力电子开关单元2流通。当需要调节线路潮流时，闭锁相邻两条直流线路的电力电子开关单元，投入电力电子开关单元中的预充电电容，改变线路潮流，同时通过极线间电容器可以实现两条线路投入电容器电压平衡。
在一实施例中，如图13所示，控制方法还包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：在接受到当前直流线路故障分断指令时，闭锁当前直流线路中的潮流控制模块电力电子开关单元同时导通开断模块及与当前直流线路连接的选择模块，以使当前直流线路的故障电流流入换流支路中。
步骤S2：电流转移完成后，分断直流线路中的通流模块及与其他线路相连的选择模块。
步骤S3：当故障电流在限流模块作用下下降至开断单元开断能力范围内，闭锁开断单元，将电流转移至耗能模块进行清除。
在一具体实施例中，当断路器监测到直流线路1发生故障，闭锁与故障直流线路1连接的电力电子开关单元1，同时触发开断模块中的IGBT导通，并导通选择模块1，将故障直流线路1上的电流转移至换流支路中。在电流转移过程中，限流模块电容呈现为高容值，保障快速换流。在换流完成后，将机械开关K1快速分闸，同时限流模块中的电容容值随着电压增高而变化当达到某一电压阈值会，会迅速降成很小的容值，快速建立电压限制短路电流。当快速机械开关K1达到耐受暂态电压，且短路电流下降到开断模块可关断水平时，开断模块闭锁，将电流强迫转移至耗能模块MOV中，实现电流清除，完成关断。通过上述故障隔离操作，在实现母线故障的快速隔离，还能维持直流电网的网状结构运行，大幅提高各线路的利用率。
当断路器监测到直流线路1与直流线路2同时发生故障，同步闭锁与故障直流线路1连接的电力电子开关单元1及与故障直流线路2连接的电力电子开关单元2，同时触发开断模块中的IGBT导通，并同步导通选择模块1及选择模块2，将故障直流线路1及故障直流线路2上电流转移至换流支路中。在电流转移过程中，限流模块电容呈现为高容值，保障快速换流。在换流完成后，将通流模块1中的机械开关K1及通流模块2中的机械开关K2快速分闸，同时限流模块中的电容容值随着电压增高而变化当达到某一电压阈值会，会迅速降成很小的容值，快速建立电压限制短路电流。当快速机械开关K1及机械开关K2达到耐受暂态电压，且短路电流下降到开断模块可关断水平时，开断模块闭锁，将电流强迫转移至耗能模块MOV中，实现电流清除。
在直流线路1发生故障后，实时监测直流线路1的电流上升率和电流幅，当直流线路1的电流上升率和电流幅值恢复正常即直流线路1故障清 除后，首先闭锁开断模块中的IGBT，控制与当前直流线路连接的换流支路停止工作，并闭合机械开关K1，控制直流线路中的通流模块接通当前直流线路。若故障仍存在，则再次闭合开断模块中的IGBT，控制与当前直流线路连接的换流支路开启工作，以使当前直流线路的故障电流流入换流支路中的耗能模块进行故障电流的清除。
本申请提供的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法，通过在多端口直流系统中配置多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法，利用电流注入式直流断路器即可实现同时多条直流线路潮流控制、短路电流限制与开断，减少了直流断路器整体体积和成本，可满足高压直流断路器规模化应用需求，同时大幅降低了直流断路器的设备投资，有利于多端及直流电网的建设。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本申请创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，包括：潮流控制模块、多个通流模块、限流模块、耗能模块、开断模块及多个选择模块，其中，
    所述潮流控制模块的一端与直流母线接线端口连接，另一端与各所述通流模块的一端连接，各所述通流模块的另一端与每条直流线路接线端口连接，所述直流母线接线端口与所述直流线路接线端口一一对应设置；
    各所述选择模块的一端与其对应的直流线路连接，另一端与所述限流模块的一端连接；所述限流模块的另一端分别与所述耗能模块的一端及开断模块的一端连接；所述耗能模块的另一端及开断模块的另一端与所述直流母线连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，其中，所述潮流控制模块包括：与各直流线路一一对应设置的电力电子开关单元，以及设置于每两条相邻直流线路之间的电容，其中，
    每个电容的两端分别与两条相邻直流线路连接；
    所述电力电子开关单元包括电力电子开关器件及预充电电容。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，其中，所述通流模块包括至少一个机械开关。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，其中，所述选择模块包括：机械开关和至少一个双向电力电子开关单元，其中，所述机械开关与各所述双向电力电子开关单元串联连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，其中，所述选择模块包括：多个串联的双向电力电子开关单元和与多个串联的双向电力电子开关单元并联连接的非线性电阻。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，其中，所 述限流模块为阻性限流模块、容性限流模块或感性限流模块。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，其中，所述耗能模块为避雷器。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器，其中，所述开断模块包括至少一个双向电力电子开关单元。
  9. 一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法，应用于如权利要求1-8任一项所述的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法，所述控制方法包括：
    在接受到线路潮流指令时，闭锁潮流控制模块中的各电力电子开关单元以调节线路潮流。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的多功能多端口混合式直流断路器控制方法，其中，所述控制方法还包括：
    在接受到当前直流线路故障分断指令时，闭锁当前直流线路中的潮流控制模块电力电子开关单元同时导通开断模块及与当前直流线路连接的选择模块，以使所述当前直流线路的故障电流流入换流支路中；
    电流转移完成后，分断直流线路中的通流模块及与其他线路相连的选择模块；
    当故障电流在限流模块作用下下降至开断单元开断能力范围内，闭锁开断单元，将电流转移至耗能模块进行清除。
PCT/CN2021/114729 2021-03-05 2021-08-26 一种多功能多端口混合式直流断路器及控制方法 WO2022183696A1 (zh)

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