WO2022183304A1 - Equipment for producing hydrogen and oxygen by means of the disintegration of water molecules in the form of steam at a temperature above 3,500°c by direct solar energy obtained from a fresnel lens array - Google Patents

Equipment for producing hydrogen and oxygen by means of the disintegration of water molecules in the form of steam at a temperature above 3,500°c by direct solar energy obtained from a fresnel lens array Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022183304A1
WO2022183304A1 PCT/CL2022/000001 CL2022000001W WO2022183304A1 WO 2022183304 A1 WO2022183304 A1 WO 2022183304A1 CL 2022000001 W CL2022000001 W CL 2022000001W WO 2022183304 A1 WO2022183304 A1 WO 2022183304A1
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Prior art keywords
steam
valve
solar
pressure
solar energy
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PCT/CL2022/000001
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Humberto Antonio PIEMONTE MIANI
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Piemonte Miani Humberto Antonio
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Publication of WO2022183304A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022183304A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • Equipment that produces hydrogen and oxygen by disintegration of water molecules in the form of steam at a temperature above 3,500°C by direct solar energy obtained from a set of Fresnel lenses.
  • the solar equipment for the production of H 2 is proposed with a Fresnel array solar energy collector to disintegrate the water molecule for the production of H 2 , fuel that can meet the energy needs of a world without pollution.
  • the availability of solar energy in Chile and water with the development of high-temperature resistant materials make it possible to achieve a water plasma that allows obtaining H 2 and the by-product (3 ⁇ 4, all of which is obtained with solar energy.
  • the H 2 and O 2 gas formed under pressure inside the furnace exits through the duct (3) and presses on the valve (4) to enter the permeable duct wrapped in a porous membrane (6) with a 0.2 nm pore that retains the 02 and allows the H 2 to pass to the cylinder (5) for receiving the H 2 to exit through the pressure valve (8) which is conducted by passage valves (10) and (10') to the tank (10") through connection ( 10a).
  • the O 2 retained by the membrane exits through the pressure valve (7) to enter the tank (9") through cut-off valves (9) and (9').
  • the O 2 tank connection is made by union (9a).
  • the regulation of the pressure valves (4), (7) and (8) must be such that it prevents the H 2 from entering through the valve (7). DESCRIPTION OF WHAT IS KNOWN IN THE MATTER.
  • H 2 refers to electrolysis processes and the decomposition of hydrocarbons. In this case, it is the disintegration of (splitting) the water molecule directly by solar energy, separating the H from the O of the water, producing, due to temperatures above 3,500 °C, gases of H 2 , O 2 and OH that are finally formed. They are reduced to H 2 and O 2 by the action of high temperatures.
  • FIG 1 shows the hydrogen production equipment where a Fresnel collector (A) is identified, an elevation cut of the refractory furnace (l) with its cut in plan, the steam equipment (B) that supplies steam to the furnace is indicated. , and details the interior of the furnace in the elevation cut with its absorbing tetrapods (2), the light energy transport ducts (A'), the porous membrane (6) of 0.2 nm, the exit duct (3) the pressure valve (4) the H 2 receiving tank (5) the porous membrane (6) the outlet pressure valves (7) and (8) the final gas accumulation tanks (9”) and (10" ) with its closing valves (9), (9'), (10), (10') and the connection and disconnection units (9a) and (10a).
  • B Solar steam producing boiler.
  • B' Steam injector.
  • This equipment fundamentally deals with the production of green hydrogen as a current energy solution from water with renewable solar energy and the obtaining of different gases that are desired to be obtained in the degradation of the material produced by obtaining the high temperatures applied by introducing other liquid compounds. , as hydrocarbons to the oven that is presented.

Abstract

The present invention relates to the degradation of the H2O molecule injected as steam by a solar unit into a furnace made of refractory material resistant to 4,000°C, which supplies a Fresnel lens array that concentrates solar energy on a large receiving area, the luminosity of which is transmitted through cylindrical reflective ducts that direct the captured light energy to the refractory furnace filled with absorbent black tetrapods that convert the light energy into heat at a temperature above 3,500°C. The steam converted into H2 and O2 in gaseous form is separated by a 0.2 nm porous membrane. A set of three pressure valves performs the process of packaging the two products obtained in gaseous form, after which they are processed, undergoing liquefaction and packaging, and sold.

Description

Equipo productor de hidrógeno y oxígeno por desintegración de moléculas de agua en forma de vapor a una temperatura,por sobre los 3.500°C por energía solar directa obtenida de un conjunto de lentes Fresnel. Equipment that produces hydrogen and oxygen by disintegration of water molecules in the form of steam at a temperature above 3,500°C by direct solar energy obtained from a set of Fresnel lenses.
MEMORIA DESCRIPTIVA DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY
Tratando de aprovechar la energía solar del desierto y la disponibilidad de agua de mar en el norte chileno, se plantea el equipo solar para la producción de H2 con un recolector de energía solar de conjunto Fresnel para desintegrar la molécula de agua para la producción de H2, combustible que puede resolver las necesidades energéticas de un mundo sin polución. La disponibilidad de energía solar en Chile y el agua con el desarrollo de materiales resistente de altas temperaturas hacen posible que se logre un plasma de agua que permita la obtención de H2 y el subproducto (¾, todo lo cual se obtiene con energía solar. Trying to take advantage of the solar energy of the desert and the availability of sea water in northern Chile, the solar equipment for the production of H 2 is proposed with a Fresnel array solar energy collector to disintegrate the water molecule for the production of H 2 , fuel that can meet the energy needs of a world without pollution. The availability of solar energy in Chile and water with the development of high-temperature resistant materials make it possible to achieve a water plasma that allows obtaining H 2 and the by-product (¾, all of which is obtained with solar energy.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Se trata de obtener H2 a partir del agua aprovechando la energía solar en forma térmica, cuyo aprovechamiento es dé una eficiencia del orden del 50 % comparativamente con la fotovoltaica que es del orden del 20 %, para lo cual utilizaremos un conjunto de lentes Fresnel (A) a través de transmisión de energía lumínica por ductos cilindricos reflectantes (A') con un homo refractario (1) lleno de tetrápodos absorbentes (2) de color negro que reciben la radiación lumínica captada por el conjunto Fresnel y una caldera solar productora de vapor de agua (B) que inyecta el vapor a través de un inyector (B'), se convierte en plasma de agua por las altas temperaturas sobre 3.500 °C en que se encuentra el homo producto de la conversión de la energía lumínicos en calor. El gas de H2 y O2 formado a presión dentro del homo sale por el ducto (3) y presiona válvula (4) para ingresar al ducto permeable envuelto en membrana porosa (6) de poro 0,2 nm que retiene el 02 y deja pasar el H2 al cilindro (5) de recepción del H2 para salir por válvula de presión (8) que es conducido por válvulas de paso ( 10) y ( 10’) a depósito (10") a través de conexión (10a). El O2 retenido por la membrana sale por válvula de presión (7) para ingresar al deposito (9") por válvulas de corte (9) y (9'). La conexión del estanque de O2 se efectúa por unión (9a). La regulación de las válvulas de presión (4), (7) y (8) debe ser tal que impida que el H2 ingrese por válvula (7). DESCRIPCIÓN DE LO CONOCIDO EN LA MATERIA. It is about obtaining H 2 from water by taking advantage of solar energy in thermal form, whose use is given an efficiency of the order of 50% compared to photovoltaic which is of the order of 20%, for which we will use a set of Fresnel lenses (A) through the transmission of light energy through cylindrical reflective ducts (A') with a homo refractory (1) full of black absorbing tetrapods (2) that receive the light radiation captured by the Fresnel array and a producing solar boiler of water vapor (B) that injects the steam through an injector (B'), it becomes a water plasma due to the high temperatures over 3,500 °C in which the homo product of the conversion of light energy into heat. The H 2 and O 2 gas formed under pressure inside the furnace exits through the duct (3) and presses on the valve (4) to enter the permeable duct wrapped in a porous membrane (6) with a 0.2 nm pore that retains the 02 and allows the H 2 to pass to the cylinder (5) for receiving the H 2 to exit through the pressure valve (8) which is conducted by passage valves (10) and (10') to the tank (10") through connection ( 10a).The O 2 retained by the membrane exits through the pressure valve (7) to enter the tank (9") through cut-off valves (9) and (9'). The O 2 tank connection is made by union (9a). The regulation of the pressure valves (4), (7) and (8) must be such that it prevents the H 2 from entering through the valve (7). DESCRIPTION OF WHAT IS KNOWN IN THE MATTER.
Los procesos de producción de H2 se refieren a procesos de electrólisis y la descomposición de hidrocarburos. En este caso se trata de la desintegración de (escindir) la molécula de agua directamente por energía solar separando el H del O del agua produciendo por las temperaturas sobre 3.500 °C que se forman gases de H2, O2 y OH que finalmente se reducen a H2 y O2 por acción de las altas temperaturas. The production processes of H 2 refer to electrolysis processes and the decomposition of hydrocarbons. In this case, it is the disintegration of (splitting) the water molecule directly by solar energy, separating the H from the O of the water, producing, due to temperatures above 3,500 °C, gases of H 2 , O 2 and OH that are finally formed. They are reduced to H 2 and O 2 by the action of high temperatures.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA FIGURA FIGURE DESCRIPTION
La Figura 1 muestra el equipo productor de hidrógeno donde se identifica un recolector Fresnel (A) un corte de elevación del homo refractario (l) con su corte en planta, se indica el equipo de vapor de agua (B) que suministra vapor al homo, y detalla el interior del homo en el corte de elevación con sus tetrápodos absorbentes (2) los ductos de transporte de energía lumínica (A’), la membrana porosa (6) de 0,2 nm, el ducto de salida (3) la válvula de presión (4) el deposito recepción de H2 (5) la membrana porosa (6) las válvulas de presión de salida (7) y (8) los estanques de acumulación final de gases (9”) y ( 10") con sus válvulas de cierre (9), (9') , (10) , (10') y las unidades de conexión y desconexión (9a) y (10a). Figure 1 shows the hydrogen production equipment where a Fresnel collector (A) is identified, an elevation cut of the refractory furnace (l) with its cut in plan, the steam equipment (B) that supplies steam to the furnace is indicated. , and details the interior of the furnace in the elevation cut with its absorbing tetrapods (2), the light energy transport ducts (A'), the porous membrane (6) of 0.2 nm, the exit duct (3) the pressure valve (4) the H 2 receiving tank (5) the porous membrane (6) the outlet pressure valves (7) and (8) the final gas accumulation tanks (9”) and (10" ) with its closing valves (9), (9'), (10), (10') and the connection and disconnection units (9a) and (10a).
ELEMENTOS DE LA FIGURA ELEMENTS OF THE FIGURE
A.- Concentrador Múltiple Fresnel. A' - Ductos cilindricos reflectantes. A.- Multiple Fresnel Concentrator. A' - Reflective cylindrical ducts.
B - Caldera productora vapor solar. B' - Inyector de vapor. B - Solar steam producing boiler. B' - Steam injector.
1.- Homo refractario resistente de calor a 4.000°C. 1.- Homo refractory heat resistant to 4,000°C.
2.- Tetrápodos negros resistentes de calor a 4.000C. 2.- Black tetrapods resistant to heat at 4,000C.
3.- Ducto salida gases H2 y 02. 3.- H2 and 02 gas outlet duct.
4.- Válvula de opresión de salida de gases H2 y 02. 4.- H2 and 02 gas outlet oppression valve.
5.- Recepción de H2. 5.- Reception of H2.
6.- Membrana de poro 0,2 nm. Separadora de gases. 6.- 0.2 nm pore membrane. Gas separator.
7.- Válvula de presión salida 02. 7.- Outlet pressure valve 02.
8.- Válvula de presión salida H2. 8.- H2 outlet pressure valve.
9.- y 9’.- Válvulas de cierre. 9".- Deposito 02. 9a - Conexión deposito 02 9.- and 9'.- Shut-off valves. 9".- Tank 02. 9a - Tank connection 02
10.- y 10' Válvulas de cierre. 10".- Deposito H2. 10 a.- Conexión deposito H2. EJEMPLOS DE APLICACIÓN 10.- and 10' Shut-off valves. 10".- H2 tank. 10 a.- H2 tank connection. APPLICATION EXAMPLES
Este equipo trata fundamentalmente la producción de hidrógeno verde como solución energética actual a partir del agua con energía solar renovable y la obtención de distintos gases que se desee obtener en la degradación de la materia producto de la obtención de las altas temperaturas aplicadas introduciendo otros compuestos líquidos, como hidrocarburos al homo que se presenta. This equipment fundamentally deals with the production of green hydrogen as a current energy solution from water with renewable solar energy and the obtaining of different gases that are desired to be obtained in the degradation of the material produced by obtaining the high temperatures applied by introducing other liquid compounds. , as hydrocarbons to the oven that is presented.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 Un equipo para producción de H2 y O2 por desintegración de las moléculas de agua con elevadas temperaturas sobre 3.500 °C con energía solar que entrega un conjunto de lentes Fresnel (A) que concentra energía solar lumínica que se transmite a través de ductos cilindricos reflectantes (A’) y con un equipo solar de vapor de agua (B) con un inyector de vapor (B') CARACTERIZADO porque comprende un homo resistente a una temperatura de 4.000°C (1) lleno de tetrápodos negros absorbentes de la luminosidad solar transformándola en calor a una temperatura sobre 3.500°C, el vapor de agua que ingresa por inyector (B') dentro del homo, se desintegra por la energía calórica que recibe generando moléculas de gas de H2 y O2 a presión que ingresan a un ducto de salida (3) con una válvula de presión (4), que conduce los gases de H2 y O2 disociados dentro de un cilindro permeable (6) envuelto de una membrana porosa de 0,2 nm que retiene el O2 y traspasa el H2 que lo contiene un cilindro (5), el O2 retenido por la membrana porosa sale por una válvula de presión (7), el H2 retenido por cilindro (5) sale por una válvula presión (8), las válvulas de presión (4), (7) y (8) se deben regular a una presión de salida tal que la válvula (7) impida la salida de H2, el H2 que sale por válvula (8) se conduce a un deposito (10”) por una conexión (10a) y unas válvulas de cierre (10) y (10'), el O2 que sale por válvula de presión (7) se conduce a un deposito (9”) por una conexión (9a) y unas válvulas de cierre (9) y (9'). 1 An equipment for the production of H 2 and O 2 by disintegration of water molecules with high temperatures over 3,500 °C with solar energy that delivers a set of Fresnel lenses (A) that concentrates solar light energy that is transmitted through ducts reflective cylinders (A') and with a water vapor solar system (B) with a steam injector (B') CHARACTERIZED because it comprises a furnace resistant to a temperature of 4,000 ° C (1) full of black tetrapods absorbing the solar luminosity transforming it into heat at a temperature of over 3,500°C, the water vapor that enters through the injector (B') inside the oven, disintegrates due to the heat energy it receives, generating gas molecules of H 2 and O 2 under pressure that enter an outlet duct (3) with a pressure valve (4), which conducts the dissociated H 2 and O 2 gases into a permeable cylinder (6) wrapped in a 0.2 nm porous membrane that retains the O 2 and crosses the H2 that contains a cylinder (5), the O 2 retained by the porous membrane exits through a pressure valve (7), the H 2 retained by the cylinder (5) exits through a pressure valve (8), the pressure valves (4), (7) and (8) are must regulate to an outlet pressure such that the valve (7) prevents the exit of H 2 , the H 2 that comes out through the valve (8) is led to a tank (10”) through a connection (10a) and some valves. closure (10) and (10'), the O 2 that comes out through the pressure valve (7) is led to a tank (9”) through a connection (9a) and shut-off valves (9) and (9 ' ) .
PCT/CL2022/000001 2021-03-04 2022-03-02 Equipment for producing hydrogen and oxygen by means of the disintegration of water molecules in the form of steam at a temperature above 3,500°c by direct solar energy obtained from a fresnel lens array WO2022183304A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CL2021000537A CL2021000537A1 (en) 2021-03-04 2021-03-04 Equipment that produces h2 and o2 by disintegration of the water molecule in the form of steam, with a temperature above 3500 ° C by direct solar energy from a fresnel set.
CL537-2021 2021-03-04

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030890A (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-06-21 Diggs Richard E Solar power system
US4053576A (en) * 1975-05-19 1977-10-11 The Regents Of The University Of Minnesota System for obtaining hydrogen and oxygen from water using solar energy
US4233127A (en) * 1978-10-02 1980-11-11 Monahan Daniel E Process and apparatus for generating hydrogen and oxygen using solar energy
WO2007077366A2 (en) * 2005-12-26 2007-07-12 Compagnie Europeenne Des Technologies De L'hydrogene (Ceth) Process and equipment for producing hydrogen from solar energy
KR20150137364A (en) * 2014-05-29 2015-12-09 홍기호 The way and the Laser oscillator using for parallel concentrater with solar pumping laser
MX2015005604A (en) * 2015-05-04 2016-11-03 Inst Politecnico Nacional Photocatalytic process and device for obtaining hydrogen gas by means of porous materials, water and solar light.
CL2021000003A1 (en) * 2021-01-04 2021-05-14 Antonio Piemonte Miani Humberto Solar energy concentrator of a set of fresnel lenses that concentrates the energy in a single place, conducts the energy through reflective cylindrical ducts or optical fiber over an absorber, produces plasma by adding matter, h2 with water. projects energy by laser devices and produces other physical phenomena.

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053576A (en) * 1975-05-19 1977-10-11 The Regents Of The University Of Minnesota System for obtaining hydrogen and oxygen from water using solar energy
US4030890A (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-06-21 Diggs Richard E Solar power system
US4233127A (en) * 1978-10-02 1980-11-11 Monahan Daniel E Process and apparatus for generating hydrogen and oxygen using solar energy
WO2007077366A2 (en) * 2005-12-26 2007-07-12 Compagnie Europeenne Des Technologies De L'hydrogene (Ceth) Process and equipment for producing hydrogen from solar energy
KR20150137364A (en) * 2014-05-29 2015-12-09 홍기호 The way and the Laser oscillator using for parallel concentrater with solar pumping laser
MX2015005604A (en) * 2015-05-04 2016-11-03 Inst Politecnico Nacional Photocatalytic process and device for obtaining hydrogen gas by means of porous materials, water and solar light.
CL2021000003A1 (en) * 2021-01-04 2021-05-14 Antonio Piemonte Miani Humberto Solar energy concentrator of a set of fresnel lenses that concentrates the energy in a single place, conducts the energy through reflective cylindrical ducts or optical fiber over an absorber, produces plasma by adding matter, h2 with water. projects energy by laser devices and produces other physical phenomena.

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