WO2022181459A1

WO2022181459A1 - Breathing apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2022181459A1
Application number: PCT/JP2022/006518
Authority: WO
Inventors: 典彦中尾; 健司中嶋
Original assignee: 帝人ファーマ株式会社
Priority date: 2021-02-24
Filing date: 2022-02-18
Publication date: 2022-09-01

Abstract

Provided is a breathing apparatus that is equipped with an expiration closing valve that is provided with, in a respiration flow passage inside a housing, a valve body capable of being moved by the flow of expiration, and that closes an opening after a prescribed period of time has elapsed since the beginning of expiration. As a result, the breathing apparatus controls the timing for discharge of a user's expiration out of the system so as to maintain the internal pressure in an airway during expiration and to make the airway open.

Description

breathing apparatus

　　The present invention relates to a therapeutic device for treating patients with respiratory diseases.

There are various types of respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial pneumonia, and obstructive sleep apnea. The number of patients with apnea has increased in recent years.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome occurs due to narrowing of the upper airway during sleep, and in addition to fatty deposits around the neck and throat, enlarged tonsils, and muscle relaxation, the airway may be obstructed due to the lowering of the base of the tongue and soft palate. considered to be the main cause. The symptom is that the respiratory airflow in the mouth and nose stops for a certain period of time or the ventilation volume drops below a certain amount, which occurs multiple times during sleep. Hypopnea is defined as a state in which the is decreased to 50% or less of the normal state for 10 seconds or more, and is diagnosed by the apnea-hypopnea index, which is expressed as the number of apnea and hypopnea per hour. If this number is 30 or more, it is evaluated as severe, and excessive daytime sleepiness occurs frequently, and it is known that the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure, stroke, and myocardial infarction increases. there is Diagnosis of such obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is usually performed by a simplified sleep breathing monitor, polysomnography, or the like.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a disease that is particularly common in obese middle-aged and elderly men, but the patients themselves often do not notice the symptoms that occur during sleep at night, and in recent years it has become one of the causes of traffic accidents. It has become a social problem, and countermeasures are required.

Among various treatment methods for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome that have been proposed, nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP therapy) is widely used. CPAP therapy prevents airway obstruction by continuously supplying air to the respiratory tract. At night, pressurized air is supplied from a pressurized air generator (CPAP device) used for CPAP therapy through an air tube and a nasal mask to the respiratory tract. It keeps the airway open by supplying it to the airway, prevents airway obstruction during sleep, and prevents the occurrence of apnea.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,856,979 U.S. Pat. No. 1,075,1501

In CPAP therapy, the CPAP device constantly sends air with pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure to the respiratory tract, so patients may experience discomfort and symptoms such as inability to sleep at the start of treatment. In addition, CPAP therapy may be interrupted due to the troublesomeness of putting on and taking off the nasal mask.

In addition, with conventional technology that applies a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure during exhalation, even if sleep apnea does not occur, exhalation with high airflow resistance is always forced during sleep, resulting in a high proportion of malfunction symptoms. Some have reported experiencing headaches and discomfort in Especially in the case of unaccustomed patients, it may not be possible to use it because they feel suffocation. For these reasons, it is difficult to improve the therapeutic effect by applying a high pressure equivalent to the positive pressure used in CPAP therapy.

In

Patent Documents

1 and 2, as a device of the type inserted into the nostrils, it is possible to apply a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure with high airflow resistance during exhalation, while using a valve structure to apply atmospheric pressure to the nasopharynx during exhalation. Techniques have also been disclosed that apply a higher pressure to open the airway and alleviate the symptoms of sleep apnea syndrome, but the additional pressure during exhalation may cause suffocation.

The present invention relates to techniques disclosed in

conventional Patent Documents

1 and 2 that reduce suffocation by enabling exhalation in the early stages of expiration.

The present invention controls the timing of exhalation of the user's exhalation to the outside of the system, exhaling the exhalation to the outside of the system in a state close to resting breathing in the early stage of exhalation, and suppressing exhalation to the outside of the system in the latter half of exhalation. This provides a device that maintains a high airway pressure and keeps the airway open.

That is, the present invention comprises a housing provided with a breathing passage for circulating the user's inhaled air and exhaled air, a ventilation part connected to the user's nostrils, and an opening serving as an exhalation outlet and an inhalation inlet for the exhaled air. comprising a valve element movable by the flow of exhaled air in the respiratory channel inside the housing, and an exhalation shut-off valve that closes the opening after a predetermined period of time from the start of exhalation. There is provided a respiratory apparatus characterized by:

Further, according to the present invention, the expiratory shut-off valve is characterized by comprising a valve body supporting portion that supports the valve body in the respiratory passage, and a guide portion that moves the valve body to the opening, wherein: 1) a doughnut-shaped disc shape; a valve body, a cross frame that supports the valve body in the respiratory channel, and a guide shaft that moves the valve body between the cross frame provided in the opening, 2) A respiratory apparatus characterized by comprising a spherical or disk-shaped valve body, a support for supporting the valve body, and a guide part for moving the valve body on the inner surface of the housing between the support and the opening. I will provide a.

The present invention also provides a partition plate in which the expiratory stop valve comprises: 3) a partition plate that supports the valve body, partitions a part of the respiratory passage inside the housing, and has a hole through which part of the exhaled air can flow; A breathing apparatus characterized by having a valve body movable by exhalation on the opening side of a partition plate, the valve body being moved by exhalation through a hole in a partition plate to close the opening.

Also, the present invention is characterized by having a valve body movable between the partition plate and the opening, and a guide shaft or framework for guiding the movement of the valve body, wherein the guide shaft passes through the doughnut-shaped membrane valve body and its central hole. , or a valve having a spherical valve body and a guide frame for guiding it, wherein the guide shaft or the guide frame is between the partition plate and the opening and passes through the center of the vent and the housing To provide a respiratory apparatus characterized by being obliquely arranged with respect to.

In addition, the present invention changes the size of the holes in the partition plate, includes means for adjusting the ventilation rate of exhaled breath, and has a disk with a curved notch portion, or a plurality of holes with different sizes on the circumference. A disk is arranged in close contact with the partition plate, and means for changing the size of a hole in the partition plate by rotating the disk, and the hole in the partition plate is a U-shaped notch. Provide equipment.

Further, the present invention provides a breathing apparatus having a pressure regulating hole in the housing for reducing part of the pressure increase that occurs when the opening is closed by the exhalation shutoff valve, and the exhalation shutoff valve abuts against the opening. To provide a breathing apparatus having a damping mechanism at the opening that reduces vibrations or sounds that occur during breathing.

According to the present invention, for treating patients with respiratory disorders, more particularly obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, a device smaller than the prior art, which exhaled as well as normal in the early exhalation It is a device that makes it possible to exhale and creates high airflow resistance from the middle to the end of expiration to apply pressure higher than atmospheric pressure to the nasopharynx and open the airway. It is possible to provide a device that reduces suffocation during treatment.

1 shows an external view of a first embodiment of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention; FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention; FIG. Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention; Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention; Fig. 3 shows an external view of a fourth embodiment of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention; Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention; Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention; FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the relationship between the respiratory airflow and the exhalation shut-off valve of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention; FIG. 11 illustrates flow variation when using the respiratory apparatus of the present invention; FIG. Figure 2 shows the variation in pressure when using the respiratory apparatus of the present invention; 1 shows an example of means for adjusting the aperture of the partition plate by combining the partition plate and the disc of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention. Fig. 2 shows the difference in closing timing of the opening of the exhalation stop valve due to the difference in the size of the hole in the partition plate in the respiratory apparatus of the present invention. In the breathing apparatus of the present invention, an example of a damping mechanism for reducing vibration and sound generated when the valve body of the exhalation stop valve comes into contact with the opening is shown. FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the operation of a buffer mechanism that reduces vibrations and sounds that occur when the valve body of the exhalation stop valve comes into contact with the opening in the respiratory apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows an external view of a respiratory apparatus that is one embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of the embodiment when cut along the A-A' plane in Fig. 1. 3 and 4 show cross-sectional perspective views of second and third embodiment respirators. The external views of the second and third embodiments are the same as FIG. 1 of the first embodiment.

The respiratory apparatus of the present invention includes a housing 2 having a respiratory channel for circulating the user's inhaled air and exhaled air, a ventilation part 1 connected to the user's nostrils, an exhaled air outlet and an inhaled air. a respiratory apparatus with an opening 3; By providing a valve body 10 that is movable by the flow of exhalation in the respiratory passage inside the housing 2, and providing an exhalation closing valve 5 that closes the opening 3 after a predetermined time elapses after the start of exhalation, exhalation is started. Initially, exhaled air is exhaled outside the system, and after the opening 3 is closed, the amount of exhaled exhaled air is suppressed to keep the pressure inside the housing 2, that is, the airway pressure high, thereby suppressing airway obstruction.

The expiratory stop valve 5 includes a valve body supporting portion 12 that supports the valve body 10 in the middle of the respiratory passage. Acting as a guide during movement, the valve body 10 is moved to the opening 3 by the flow of exhalation, and the valve body 10 is moved to the valve body support 12 by the flow of inhalation. A space between the valve body 10 and the inner wall of the housing 2 serves as a respiratory passage, and intake and exhaust are performed between the ventilation section 1 and the opening section 3 on the nostril side.

The valve body supporting portion 12 holds the valve body 10 of the exhalation shutoff valve 5 on the respiratory channel. In the respiratory apparatus of FIG. and Depending on the shapes of the housing 2 and the valve body 10, the valve body support portion 12 can be designed and used in various shapes such as a cross frame, a rib, and a mesh composition.

The guide portion 11 guides the movement of the valve body 10 between the valve body support portion 12 and the opening portion 3, and as shown in FIG. Although it can be used as a guide for movement, ribs may be provided on the inner surface of the housing 2 between the opening 3 and the valve body support part 12, or a guide frame for movement of the valve body 10 may be provided. As shown in Fig. 2, a doughnut-shaped disk-shaped valve body is used, and a guide shaft 11' for moving the valve body 10 is provided between the cross frame supporting the valve body 10 and the cross frame of the opening 3, thereby achieving high accuracy. The opening 3 can be opened and closed by the valve body 10 .

　Figure 4 shows a third embodiment of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention.

The time from the start of exhalation by the user until the expiratory stop valve 5 closes the opening 3 depends on the movement distance of the valve body 10, the distance from the valve body support 12 to the opening 3, the size and weight of the valve body 10, etc. can be designed as appropriate by changing The valve closing time can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of exhaled air hitting the valve body 10 . The respiratory apparatus of FIG. 4 is provided with a rectifying plate 13 having an aperture through which a portion of exhaled air passes as a valve supporting portion 12 . By designing the size, number, and arrangement of the openings of the straightening plate 13, the valve closing time can be adjusted, and the expiratory volume and the airway pressure after closing can be adjusted.

　Figure 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention.

Such a respiratory apparatus includes a ventilation part 1 which is inserted into and close to the user's nostrils, and a respiratory channel through which the user's inhalation and exhalation flow, and a housing 2 which forms a chamber for temporarily holding the user's exhalation. , and an opening 3 serving as an outlet for exhaled air and an inlet for inhaled air.

In the interior of the housing 2, there are a respiratory channel through which exhaled air and intake air can flow, a partition plate 4 that partitions a part of the respiratory channel and has a hole through which a part of the exhaled air can flow, and a partition. On the open side of the plate is an expiratory shut-off valve 5 with a valve body 10 movable by respiratory inhalation and exhalation. A buffer mechanism 6 that reduces vibrations and sounds generated when the valve body 10 of the exhalation stop valve contacts the opening 3, and an adjustment that reduces part of the pressure increase that occurs when the opening 3 is closed by the valve body 10. A pressure hole 7 is provided.

The ventilation part 1 is a cylindrical member that is inserted into the nostrils of the user and is in close contact with the nostrils, and introduces the user's breath into the housing 2 . The ventilation part 1 may have any shape as long as it is sealed from the outside air and communicates with the nostrils of the user. In addition to the type in which the end of the housing 2 shown in the first to third embodiments is inserted into the nasal cavity, the ventilation part is made of a flexible material different from the housing 2 in order to ensure close contact with the inner wall of the nasal cavity. 1 may be formed, preferably a cylindrical member made of silicone, for example.

The housing 2 is connected to the ventilation part 1 and installed between the user's nostrils and the upper lip, and has a size that fits between the nostrils and the upper lip so as not to disturb the user's sleep. length, preferably 15 mm or less. In addition, it is sufficient that the device is of a size that does not interfere with each other even if the devices are attached to both nostrils, and the width is preferably 20 mm or less. A circular or elliptical shape is preferable as long as the shape does not interfere with the skin even when worn in various directions of the nasal cavity.

The opening 3 discharges the user's exhaled air taken inside the housing 2 to the outside of the housing 2 during exhalation, and ventilates the outside air to the user through the housing 2 during inhalation. It is an opening provided. The size of the opening 3 is desirably larger than the opening area of the nostrils in order to suppress breathing resistance. It has a fixed portion for supporting the guide shaft 11'.

The partition plate 4 is provided in the interior of the housing 2, partitions a part of the respiratory channel, has a hole through which part of the exhaled air can flow, and functions as the straightening plate 13 of the third embodiment. Fulfill. The partition plate 4 is provided with a disc 8 for adjusting the size of the hole through which exhaled air passes. The disc 8 has a curved notch shown in FIG. A disc 8 is arranged in close contact with the partition plate 4, and by rotating the disc 8, the size of the hole 9 of the partition plate 4 can be adjusted. This makes it possible to adjust the closing time of the expiratory stop valve, which will be explained below. For the holes 9 of the partition plate, one or more holes having a diameter of 0.8 mm or more may be provided on the extension line of the ventilation part 1 for efficient circulation of exhaled air from the nasal cavity of the user. A slit with a width of 2 mm was used.

The expiratory stop valve 5 has a valve body 10 that acts as an expiratory flow path resistance movable between the center of the opening 3 and the partition plate 4, and a guide shaft 11' that supports it.

The valve body 10 is a membrane or spherical lightweight member that moves with the user's exhalation, and examples thereof include resin membranes made of polyurethane, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, and lightweight resin balls. be done. More preferably, a resin thin film, which is a flexible member, can be used. In this embodiment, a polyurethane sheet with an outer diameter of 13 mm and a doughnut-shaped thin film with a thickness of 100 μm is used, and the valve body 10 is supported at the center. A guide shaft 11' is provided. In addition, moisture contained in exhaled air may increase the weight of the device and cause malfunction, so a water-repellent material is even better.

The guide shaft 11' that supports the valve body 10 of the expiratory stop valve 5 serves as a guide when the valve body 10 moves according to the flow of exhalation or inspiration. A cylindrical structure is mentioned. Furthermore, it is preferable to use a round bar so that interference with the valve element 10 can be minimized regardless of the installation direction.

This device is used by inserting it into the user's nostrils while the user is asleep. In order that the guide shaft 11' is horizontal with respect to the floor surface, the guide shaft 11' is preferably arranged downwardly with an inclination of 1 to 45° from the partition plate 4 toward the opening 3, more preferably. are arranged with an inclination of 10 to 15°. In this embodiment, the inclination is 15°. The user needs to wear it in the nostrils so as to keep its orientation. As a mark, the pressure adjustment hole 7 is provided below the opening 3 in the direction of inclination of the guide shaft 11', and the pressure adjustment hole 7 is positioned downward. It is desirable to fit the nostrils in one orientation.

Using the cross-sectional view of this device (FIG. 7), FIG. (8D) is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the respiratory airflow and the expiratory stop valve 5. FIG.

At the start of exhalation, the user's exhaled air passes through the nostrils, the ventilation part 1, the respiratory passage in the housing 2, and is discharged outside the system from the opening 3. At that time, part of the exhaled air passes through the hole 9 provided in the partition plate 4 inside the housing 2 and hits the valve element 10 made of resin film of the exhalation stop valve 5, and guide shaft 11' supporting the valve element 10. , to the opening 3 side.

At the end of expiration, the valve body 10 of the expiratory stop valve abuts against the opening 3 to close the opening 3 . As a result, expiratory discharge is suppressed and high airflow resistance is generated, which increases the airway pressure. Suppresses airway obstruction.

At the start of inhalation, the valve body 10 returns to the original position of the partition plate 4, and outside air passes through the respiratory passage in the housing 2 from the opening 3, and is inhaled from the user's nasal cavity through the vent 1.

The pressure regulating hole 7 is a hole provided in the housing 2 for discharging the user's exhaled air taken into the housing 2 after the opening 3 is closed by the exhalation shutoff valve 5 to the outside of the housing 2. be. The size of the pressure adjusting hole 7 is desirably a micro hole, more preferably 2 mm or less in diameter, in order not to excessively reduce the internal pressure of the housing 2 that has increased after the opening 3 is closed by the exhalation stop valve 5 . One pressure adjusting hole 7 may be provided, or a plurality of pressure adjusting holes may be provided so that the size of the opening can be selected according to the user's breathing ability. In this embodiment, two micro holes having a diameter of 1 mm or less are provided, and either or both of the micro holes can be used for exhaust. Moreover, it is desirable that the pressure adjusting hole 7 be arranged along the inner wall of the lower end of the housing 2 so that water droplets accumulated in the housing 2 due to condensation of exhaled air can be discharged.

The flow rate fluctuations (Fig. 9) and pressure fluctuations (Fig. 10) in the housing 2 when the respiratory apparatus of the present invention is attached to an oxygenator and used are shown. The flow of exhalation and inhalation corresponding to the respiration generated by the artificial lung is generated, and the closing of the opening 3 by the exhalation shutoff valve 5 stops the flow of exhalation to the outside of the system, and the excess from the pressure regulation hole 7 Air is discharged, and the internal pressure of the housing 2 is maintained at a high level until the start of inspiration, although there is a slight decrease due to the outflow of exhaled air from the pressure regulating hole 7 .

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the partition plate 4 and the disk 8 for adjusting the size of the hole 9 in the partition plate 4 through which part of the exhaled air passes. A circular partition plate 4 shown in 11A is provided with a U-shaped hole 9 through which part of exhaled air passes. A disk 8 having a curved notch portion shown in (11B) is placed in close contact with the partition plate 4 on the ventilation part side of the partition plate 4. By rotating the disk 8, the hole of the partition plate 4 can be opened. The size of 9 is adjustable. As a result, the amount of exhaled air passing through the hole 9 of the partition plate 4 can be adjusted. can be adjusted.

The apertures 9 of the partition plate are provided on the extension line of the ventilation part for efficient circulation of exhaled air from the nostrils of the user. Holes of various shapes such as circular, elliptical, and square can be selected. In this embodiment, the slit is 2 mm wide. As for the disk 8 for adjusting the size of the hole 9 of the partition plate 4, the disk 8 having a curved notch portion is shown in 11B of FIG. It is possible to adopt a shape and a combination that can adjust the amount of exhaled air passing through the hole 9 of the partition plate 4, such as using an arranged adjusting disk 8.

In the case of this embodiment example, the state in which the U-shaped hole 9 of the partition plate 4 is completely opened (11C) by the notch portion of the adjustment disk 8 is 75% open (11D). The degree of opening of the hole 9 can be adjusted by rotating the disc 8 in the opened state as shown in FIG. 11E. As shown in FIG. 12, the closing time of the expiratory stop valve 5 of the respiratory apparatus of the present invention can be adjusted relative to the respiratory flow generated by the artificial lung.

FIG. 11 shows the mechanism for adjusting the holes 9 using the disk-like partition plate 4 as an example. It can be designed in various shapes, such as a semi-circle, depending on the size of the respiratory channel required, as well as matching the shape inside the body 2 .

A sound is generated when the valve body 10 of the exhalation shutoff valve 5 abuts against the opening 3 and stops exhalation of exhaled air to the outside of the system. Since noise is generated in synchronization with breathing during sleep, noise reduction is required. In the breathing apparatus of the present invention, a damping mechanism 6 for suppressing the generation of vibration and noise when the valve body 10 comes into contact with the opening 3 is attached to the joining portion of the guide shaft 11' of the valve body 10 of the opening 3. is preferably provided.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a buffer mechanism 6 having an elastic four-branch structure provided at a fixed portion of a guide shaft 11' that supports the valve body 10 at the center of the opening 3. FIG. Such a buffer mechanism 6 is a member that interferes with the generation of sound and impact due to contact with the housing 2 when the valve body 10 of the exhalation stop valve 5 pushed out by exhalation closes the opening 3, Any elastic thin film may be used. (14B) When the valve body 10 pushed out by exhalation reaches the position of the opening 3, its movement is damped by the damping mechanism 6, suppressing the generation of vibration and noise due to direct contact with the housing 2, and (14C ) Push down the buffer mechanism 6 according to the expiratory pressure, and (14D) contact the wall surface of the opening 3 to completely close the expiratory flow.

In the present invention, the technique of applying pressure higher than atmospheric pressure to the epipharynx during exhalation to open the airway reduces suffocation, and treats patients with obstructive respiratory diseases, more preferably obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A therapeutic respiratory apparatus can be provided.

1: ventilation part 2: housing 3: opening 4: partition plate 5: expiratory stop valve 6: buffer mechanism 7: pressure adjustment hole 8: adjustment disk 9: partition plate hole 10: valve body 11: guide part , 11′: guide shaft 12: valve support portion 13: current plate

Claims

A respiratory apparatus comprising a housing having a respiratory passage through which a user's inhaled air and exhaled air circulate, a ventilation part connected to the user's nostrils, and an opening serving as an exhaled air outlet and an inhaled air inlet. can be,
1. A respiratory apparatus, comprising: an exhalation shut-off valve that is provided in a respiratory passage inside said housing and that is movable by the flow of exhaled air, and which closes said opening after a predetermined time elapses from the start of exhalation.
　The respiratory apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhalation stop valve comprises a valve body supporting part that supports the valve body in the respiratory channel and a guide part that moves the valve body to the opening.
The expiratory stop valve includes a doughnut-shaped disk-shaped valve body, a cross frame that supports the valve body in the respiratory channel, and a guide shaft that moves the valve body between the cross frame provided in the opening. 3. The respiratory apparatus of claim 2, comprising:
The expiratory stop valve is characterized by comprising a spherical or disk-shaped valve body, a support for supporting the valve body, and a guide part for moving the valve body on the inner surface of the housing between the support and the opening. 3. The respiratory apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
The breathing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising a rectifying plate for controlling an exhalation flow that hits the valve body of the exhalation stop valve.
The expiratory shut-off valve includes a partition plate that supports a valve body, partitions a part of the respiratory channel inside the housing, and has a hole through which part of the expired air can flow; 2. The respiratory apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said breathing apparatus is a valve having a movable valve body, said valve body being moved by exhalation through a hole in said partition plate to close said opening.
7. The respiratory apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the expiratory stop valve has a valve body movable between the partition plate and the opening, and a guide shaft or framework for guiding movement of the valve body. .
8. Breathing according to claim 7, characterized in that the expiratory stop valve is a valve having a donut-shaped membrane valve body and a guide shaft passing through its central hole, or a valve having a spherical valve body and a guide frame for guiding it. Device.
7. The guide shaft or the guide frame is arranged between the partition plate and the opening at an angle to an axis passing through the center of the vent and the housing. Respirator as described.
The breathing apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that it is provided with means for adjusting the amount of exhaled air by changing the size of the holes in the partition plate.
A disk having a curved notch portion or a disk having a plurality of holes of different sizes on the circumference is arranged in close contact with the partition plate, and the partition plate is adjusted by rotating the disk. 11. The respiratory apparatus of claim 10, which is means for varying the pore size.
The respiratory apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the aperture in the partition plate is a U-shaped notch.
The respiratory apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the housing has a pressure regulating hole that reduces part of the pressure rise that occurs when the opening is closed by the expiratory stop valve.
14. The respiratory apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the opening has a damping mechanism for reducing vibration or sound generated when the exhalation stop valve contacts the opening.