WO2022178823A1 - 天线装置和通信方法 - Google Patents

天线装置和通信方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022178823A1
WO2022178823A1 PCT/CN2021/078120 CN2021078120W WO2022178823A1 WO 2022178823 A1 WO2022178823 A1 WO 2022178823A1 CN 2021078120 W CN2021078120 W CN 2021078120W WO 2022178823 A1 WO2022178823 A1 WO 2022178823A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
field
antenna
signal
transmitted
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/078120
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王史蒂文
刘永俊
杨亮
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21927260.6A priority Critical patent/EP4287403A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/078120 priority patent/WO2022178823A1/zh
Priority to CN202180087748.8A priority patent/CN116745993A/zh
Publication of WO2022178823A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022178823A1/zh
Priority to US18/238,032 priority patent/US20230403047A1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/40Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
    • H04B5/43Antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/72Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for local intradevice communication
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/79Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • H04W52/38TPC being performed in particular situations
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to an antenna device and a communication method.
  • electromagnetic fields have become an important signal carrier. Not only does it allow the signal to propagate across the device, it also allows the signal to propagate through space. The latter should be attributed to the medium-independent propagation properties of electromagnetic fields. It is this characteristic that creates the prerequisites for the emergence of wireless communication.
  • wireless communications use antenna arrangements to enable the transmission and reception of electromagnetic fields.
  • Common wireless communication based on antenna devices can be divided into near field communication and far field communication according to the distance of transmission.
  • near field communication near field communication
  • NFC near field communication
  • the far-field communication involved in Bluetooth, WIFI, etc. mainly uses electromagnetic waves radiated in the far-field for communication.
  • the energy transmission efficiency of communication is relatively low, because the electromagnetic waves are radiated out. Large radiation losses are required in the process. That is to say, the antenna device supporting far-field communication is not suitable for near-field communication scenarios, and therefore cannot solve the problem of low transmission efficiency in the above-mentioned near-field communication, resulting in low overall transmission efficiency of signals or energy.
  • the present application provides an antenna device and a communication method, which can effectively improve the transmission efficiency of signals or energy.
  • an antenna device in a first aspect, includes: a processing module and a plurality of transmission links, wherein the processing module is used to generate a signal to be transmitted, and transmit the signal to be transmitted to the plurality of transmission links;
  • the link is used to transmit the signal to be transmitted, and the multiple transmission links include at least one electric near-field transmission link and at least one magnetic near-field transmission link, and the electric near-field transmission link includes an electric near-field front end and an electric near-field antenna , the electric near field front end is used to transmit the signal to be transmitted to the electric near field antenna, the magnetic near field transmission link includes the magnetic near field front end and the magnetic near field antenna, and the magnetic near field front end is used to transmit the signal to be transmitted to the magnetic near field Antennas, electrical near-field antennas and magnetic near-field antennas are used to transmit the signal to be transmitted.
  • signals can be transmitted from the electrical near-field transmission link and the magnetic near-field transmission link at the same time, thereby effectively improving the transmission efficiency of near-field communication.
  • the antenna device of the first aspect corresponds to the antenna device of the transmitting end
  • the antenna device of the second aspect corresponds to the antenna device of the receiving end.
  • the multiple transmission links are specifically used to transmit signals to be transmitted simultaneously at the same transmission frequency.
  • the processing module is further configured to allocate the transmit power of the signal to be transmitted on the multiple transmission links.
  • the processing module is further configured to adjust the transmit power, so that when the antenna device at the receiving end receives the signal to be transmitted, the difference between the received powers on its multiple transmission links within the preset range. That is to say, by adjusting the transmit power of the transmit end, the difference of the receive power on the transmission link of the receive end is made smaller.
  • each transmission link play a larger role as much as possible, so as to improve the overall transmission efficiency as much as possible.
  • the received power can be fed back by the antenna device at the receiving end, or obtained by measuring the local current.
  • the received power is obtained according to currents on multiple transmission links at the transmitting end; or the received power is fed back to the transmitting end by an antenna device at the receiving end.
  • the former is that the transmitting end measures the transmitting end current to calculate the receiving power of the receiving end, and does not require information exchange between the transmitting end and the receiving end.
  • the latter is that the receiving end informs the transmitting end of the receiving power, which needs to be realized through information exchange.
  • the receiving end can feedback the received energy initially, and then directly measure the local current to judge.
  • the load resistance of the receiving end is a standard fixed value, so that the transmitting end can judge the received power by directly measuring the local current at the beginning.
  • the electrical near-field front end includes a voltage amplifier, and the voltage amplifier is used to increase the transmission voltage of the signal to be transmitted.
  • the increase of the transmission voltage of the transmitted signal can be understood as the increase of the transmission voltage of the electric near-field antenna to increase the transmission voltage of the transmitted signal, or it can be understood as the electric near-field antenna transmits the signal with the increased voltage.
  • the transmitter uses a voltage amplifier instead of a power amplifier, which in this case increases the voltage so that the transmission range can be extended, rather than feeding power to a tuned antenna.
  • the power consumption of the electric near-field antenna is lower than that of the near-field antenna in the prior art, and the power consumption of the voltage amplifier is lower than that of the power amplifier in the prior art.
  • the transmission efficiency in the near field is higher than that of the power amplifier in the prior art, so that the power consumption of the electrical near field communication in the embodiments of the present application is lower than that of the short distance communication using the electromagnetic radiation technology in the prior art power consumption, and the transmission efficiency is higher than the transmission efficiency of short-range communication of electromagnetic radiation technology.
  • the near field communication in the prior art adopts the electromagnetic field radiation technology, rather than the separation method of the electric near field and the magnetic near field in the present application.
  • the magnetic near field transmits signals, and the near field communication of the embodiments of the present application can transmit signals from the electric near field and the magnetic near field at the same time, has higher capacity, and effectively improves the transmission efficiency of signals or energy.
  • near-field communication and far-field communication are relative concepts
  • near-field communication and long-distance communication are relative concepts.
  • Far-field communication is divided according to wavelength, and there is no strict dividing line between near-field communication and far-field communication, while short-range communication and long-distance communication are simply divided according to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, and no wavelength is involved.
  • electromagnetic radiation technology is a technology that does not consider near-field communication or far-field communication, and its technical limitations determine that it is only used for short-range communication.
  • the antenna device further includes a far-field transmission link, the far-field transmission link includes a far-field front end and a far-field antenna, and the far-field front end is used to transmit the signal to be transmitted For the far-field antenna, the far-field antenna is used to transmit the signal to be transmitted.
  • any of an electrical near-field antenna, a magnetic near-field antenna, and a far-field antenna are integrated together.
  • the magnetic near-field antenna, the electrical near-field antenna, and the far-field antenna can be integrated together or implemented by separate antennas.
  • the signals are independent, that is, the mutual interference is small, and there is no need to have a large interval between them, that is, the interval between different types of antennas can be less than one-half wavelength, or even less than one-tenth wavelength, and the signal can still be maintained. This is different from spatial multiplexing or diversity technology.
  • the interval between antennas is greater than one-half wavelength, in order to achieve signal independence and realize parallel transmission of multiple signals. If an integrated antenna is used, the structure of the antenna can be made more compact, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna module.
  • the antenna may also adopt an antenna structure based on liquid radio frequency materials and technologies, so as to achieve a low-frequency ultra-wideband transmission effect.
  • the processing module is further configured to generate energy to be transmitted, and transmit the energy to be transmitted to multiple transmission links; the multiple transmission links are also used to transmit The energy to be transmitted; the processing module is further configured to adjust the energy distribution of the energy to be transmitted on the multiple transmission links according to the condition of the antenna device at the receiving end receiving the energy to be transmitted. That is, the antenna device of the first aspect can be used for both signal transmission and energy transmission, and when used for energy transmission, the energy transmission efficiency can also be improved by adjusting the energy distribution.
  • an antenna device comprising: a plurality of transmission links and a processing module, wherein the plurality of transmission links are used to receive signals or energy, and the plurality of transmission links include at least one electrical near-field transmission link and at least one magnetic near field transmission link, the electric near field transmission link includes an electric near field front end and an electric near field antenna, the magnetic near field transmission link includes a magnetic near field front end and a magnetic near field antenna, and the electric near field antenna and the magnetic near-field antenna is used to receive signals or energy, the electric near-field front-end is used to transmit the signal or energy received by the The energy is transmitted to the processing module; the processing module is used to process the signal or energy.
  • signals can be received from the electrical near-field transmission link and the magnetic near-field transmission link at the same time, so that the transmission efficiency of near-field communication can be effectively improved
  • the antenna device of the first aspect corresponds to the antenna device of the transmitting end
  • the antenna device of the second aspect corresponds to the antenna device of the receiving end. Therefore, for the improvement of the antenna and transmission link, the second aspect can be completely referred to In the manner of the first aspect, for example, an integrated antenna may be used, and a far-field transmission link may also be included.
  • the processing module is different. The processing module of the antenna device at the transmitting end is used to generate a signal, and the processing module of the antenna device at the receiving end is used to process the received signal.
  • the processing module is further configured to feed back the received power of the signals received by the multiple transmission links to the antenna device at the transmitting end, and/or be configured to transmit the received power of the multiple transmission links
  • the received energy is fed back to the antenna device at the transmitting end.
  • the transmitting end can appropriately adjust the distribution of transmit power or transmit energy according to the receiving conditions, so that each transmission link can play a greater role as much as possible, so that the overall The transmission efficiency can be improved as much as possible.
  • the antenna device may further include a far-field transmission link, the far-field transmission link includes a far-field front end and a far-field antenna, and the far-field antenna is used to receive the above-mentioned signal or Energy, the far-field front end is used to transmit the signal or energy received by the above-mentioned far-field antenna to the processing module.
  • the far-field transmission link includes a far-field front end and a far-field antenna
  • the far-field antenna is used to receive the above-mentioned signal or Energy
  • the far-field front end is used to transmit the signal or energy received by the above-mentioned far-field antenna to the processing module.
  • any of the electrical near-field antennas, the magnetic near-field antennas, and the far-field antennas may be integrated together.
  • a communication method comprising: generating a signal to be transmitted, transmitting the signal to be transmitted to a plurality of transmission links, and transmitting the signal to be transmitted by the plurality of transmission links.
  • the multiple transmission links include at least one electric near-field transmission link and at least one magnetic near-field transmission link, the electric near-field transmission link includes an electric near-field front end and an electric near-field antenna, and the electric near-field front end is used for The signal to be transmitted is transmitted to the electric near-field antenna.
  • the magnetic near-field transmission link includes the magnetic near-field front end and the magnetic near-field antenna.
  • the magnetic near-field front end is used to transmit the signal to be transmitted to the magnetic near-field antenna.
  • the electric near-field antenna and The magnetic near-field antenna is used to transmit the signal to be transmitted.
  • the method of any one of the implementation manners of the third aspect may be performed by using the antenna device of the first aspect.
  • multiple transmission links may simultaneously transmit signals to be transmitted at the same transmission frequency.
  • the transmit power of the signal to be transmitted on the multiple transmission links may be allocated.
  • the above-mentioned communication method may further include adjusting the transmit power, so that when the antenna device at the receiving end receives the signal to be transmitted, the difference between the received powers on its multiple transmission links is different.
  • the value is within the preset range.
  • the received power is obtained according to currents on multiple transmission links at the transmitting end; or the received power is fed back to the transmitting end by an antenna device at the receiving end.
  • the above communication method may further include generating the energy to be transmitted, and transmitting the energy to be transmitted to multiple transmission links; the multiple transmission links transmit the energy to be transmitted; The energy distribution of the to-be-transmitted energy of the antenna device at the transmitting end on the multiple transmission links is adjusted according to the situation in which the antenna device at the receiving end receives the energy to be transmitted.
  • a communication method comprising: receiving signals or energy from multiple transmission links, and then processing the received signals or energy.
  • the multiple transmission links include at least one electric near-field transmission link and at least one magnetic near-field transmission link, the electric near-field transmission link includes an electric near-field front end and an electric near-field antenna, and the magnetic near-field transmission link includes Magnetic near-field front-end and magnetic near-field antenna, electrical near-field antenna and magnetic near-field antenna are used to receive signals or energy, electrical near-field front-end is used to transmit the signal or energy received by the electrical near-field antenna to the processing module, magnetic near-field antenna The field front end is used to transmit the signal or energy received by the magnetic near-field antenna to the processing module.
  • the method of any one of the implementations of the fourth aspect may be performed by using the antenna device of the second aspect.
  • the above communication method further includes: feeding back the received power of the signals received by the multiple transmission links to the antenna device at the transmitting end, and/or receiving the multiple transmission links The energy situation is fed back to the antenna device at the transmitting end.
  • a fifth aspect provides a chip, the chip includes a processor and a data interface, the processor reads an instruction stored in a memory through the data interface, and executes any one of the third aspect or the fourth aspect. method in method.
  • the chip may further include a memory, in which instructions are stored, the processor is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory, and when the instructions are executed, the The processor is configured to execute the method in any one of the implementation manners of the third aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • a computer-readable medium storing program code for execution by a device, the program code comprising for performing the method in any one of the implementations of the third aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • a seventh aspect provides a computer program product containing instructions, which when the computer program product runs on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method in any one of the implementation manners of the third aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • the present application provides an antenna system, the antenna system includes at least one transmitting-end antenna device and at least one receiving-end antenna device, and the transmitting-end antenna device is the antenna device of any implementation manner of the first aspect , the receiving end antenna device is the antenna device of any implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of several antennas.
  • Figure 3 is an example diagram of several integrated antennas.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of electrical near field communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of electrical near field communication at the transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the circuit shown in FIG. 10 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of signal transmission of the magnetic near field.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a transmission link of the magnetic near field according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is an example diagram of transmission and reception of the electric dipole antenna in the far-field communication according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is an example diagram of transmission and reception of the magnetic dipole antenna in the far-field communication according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a transmission link of far-field communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a circuit model of electrical near field communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a circuit model of magnetic near field communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna device can realize the transmission of radiated signals or energy in the electric near field and the magnetic near field, that is to say, the antenna device can be used for both signal and energy transmission. It can also be used for energy transmission (that is, it has a charging function).
  • the antenna device shown in FIG. 1 can also realize the transmission of far-field radiated signals or energy.
  • the antenna device 100 includes a processing module 110 and a transmission module 120 .
  • the processing module 110 is used to generate the signal or energy to be transmitted, and may also be used to perform some processing on the signal to be transmitted, such as encoding, modulation, scrambling and other partial or all processing operations. That is, unified processing of the baseband signal, such as channel coding, modulation, scrambling, etc., may be included, and the process may be performed by the processing module 110.
  • the processing module 110 may also be used to allocate transmit power.
  • the processing module 110 may also be configured to adjust the transmit power according to the receiving condition of the receiving end.
  • the receiving condition of the receiving end may be the received power fed back by the receiving end, or it may be calculated according to the current measured locally at the transmitting end.
  • the processing module 110 may be used to process the received signals or energy, for example, the signals or energy of multiple links may be combined.
  • unified processing of baseband signals such as channel decoding, demodulation, and descrambling, may be included, and the process may be performed by the processing module 110 .
  • the transmission module 120 includes a plurality of transmission links, such as the transmission link 121 to the transmission link 12n shown in FIG. 1 , where n is a positive integer greater than 1, and each transmission link includes a front end and an antenna, such as a transmission link.
  • the link 121 includes the front end #1 and the antenna #1, and the transmission link 12n includes the front end #n and the antenna #n.
  • the front end can be understood as the supporting circuit of the antenna, and can be regarded as the connection between the processing module 110 and the antenna. It is used to transmit the signal or energy from the processing module 110 to the antenna so as to be radiated from the antenna, or to transmit the signal or energy received by the antenna to the processing module 110 .
  • the front end generally processes analog signals, and can also include filtering, digital-to-analog conversion, and analog-to-digital conversion.
  • the plurality of transmission links include at least one electrical near-field transmission link and at least one magnetic near-field transmission link.
  • An electrical near-field transmission link can transmit signals or energy using an electrical near-field
  • a magnetic near-field transmission link can transmit a signal or energy using a magnetic near-field.
  • the transmission link 121 in FIG. 1 is an electric near-field transmission link
  • the transmission link 12n is a magnetic near-field transmission link
  • the front end #1 is the electric near field front end
  • the front end #n is the magnetic near field
  • antenna #1 is an electrical near-field antenna
  • antenna #n is a magnetic near-field antenna.
  • Antenna #1 may also be an electrode when the antenna device 100 is used to receive signals or energy.
  • the plurality of transmission links may further include far-field transmission links including far-field front ends and far-field antennas for transmitting or receiving energy or signals in the far-field.
  • some antennas in the antenna module may also be electrodes, and both antennas and electrodes may be used to transmit or receive signals or energy, but the usage is slightly different. signal, and the electrode does not need to be grounded, both of which can be applied to the antenna module of the present application.
  • the antennas in the embodiments of the present application may be classified into electrical near-field antennas, magnetic near-field antennas, and far-field antennas according to different application scenarios.
  • the antennas in the embodiments of the present application may include electric near-field antennas and magnetic near-field antennas, and may also include far-field antennas in some cases.
  • Several antennas are introduced below with reference to FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of several antennas.
  • (a) in FIG. 2 is an example of an electrical near-field antenna.
  • the electrical near-field antenna is an antenna with a certain area, and the electrical near-field antenna at the receiving end may also be an electrode with a certain area.
  • the amount of electrical near-field signals or energy received by the receiving end is linearly related to the area of the antenna facing the transmitting end.
  • FIG. 2 is an example of a magnetic near-field antenna.
  • the magnetic near-field antenna can be a loop antenna or a coil, and the surrounding area is relatively large. The ability to transmit and receive magnetic signals is determined by the magnetic flux passing through the coil.
  • the near-field antenna itself is a thin linear structure, so the area of the magnetic near-field antenna itself is small.
  • (c) in Figure 2 is an example of a far-field antenna.
  • the far-field antenna is made of a thinner antenna and has a small area.
  • the far-field antenna is an open antenna, that is, from a connection port Triggered, there is no path along the antenna to the other connection port.
  • the area of the electric near-field antenna is large, and the receiving ability for the electric near-field is strong, but for the magnetic near-field and far-field signals
  • the receiving ability of the magnetic near-field antenna is relatively low; the receiving ability of the magnetic near-field antenna is strong for the magnetic near-field, but the receiving ability for the electric near-field and far-field signals is low; the far-field antenna has the receiving ability for the electric near-field and the magnetic near-field. lower.
  • the antenna in the embodiment of the present application may also adopt an integrated antenna, and the integrated antenna may simultaneously have the functions of any multiple antennas among electric near-field antennas, magnetic near-field antennas, and far-field antennas.
  • the following describes examples of integrating several near-field antennas (electrical near-field antennas and/or magnetic near-field antennas) with far-field antennas with reference to FIG. 3 .
  • Figure 3 is an example diagram of several integrated antennas.
  • the integrated antenna shown in (a) of FIG. 3 includes a reflector of the far-field antenna and a far-field antenna, and the reflector of the far-field antenna is the shaded one in (a) of FIG. 3 .
  • the rectangle is shown, that is to say, the reflector or part of the reflector is used as the electric near-field antenna. Therefore, (a) in FIG. 3 is the integration of the electric near-field antenna and the far-field antenna.
  • the integrated antenna shown in (b) in Figure 3 is a coil that surrounds the magnetic near-field antenna at the periphery of the far-field antenna (in the weak radiation direction of the far-field antenna), that is to say, (b) in Figure 3 is the magnetic Integration of near-field and far-field antennas.
  • the integrated antenna shown in (c) of FIG. 3 includes the reflector, the far-field antenna and the magnetic near-field antenna of the far-field antenna of FIG. 3, which can be regarded as adding the reflector to (b) of FIG. 3, It can also be seen as adding the magnetic near-field antenna to (a) in Figure 3. Therefore, the integrated antenna shown in (c) in Figure 3 is a combination of the electric near-field antenna, the magnetic near-field antenna and the Stacked or nested far-field antennas.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are only examples, but are not limited to the above-mentioned shapes in practical applications.
  • the magnetic near-field antenna, the electrical near-field antenna, and the far-field antenna can be integrated together or implemented by separate antennas.
  • the signals are independent, that is, the mutual interference is small, and there is no need to have a large interval between them, that is, the interval between different types of antennas can be less than one-half wavelength, or even less than one-tenth wavelength, and the signal can still be maintained. This is different from spatial multiplexing or diversity technology.
  • the interval between antennas is greater than one-half wavelength, in order to achieve signal independence and realize parallel transmission of multiple signals. If an integrated antenna is used, the structure of the antenna can be made more compact, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna module.
  • the antenna may also adopt an antenna structure based on liquid radio frequency materials and technologies, so as to achieve a low-frequency ultra-wideband transmission effect.
  • the antenna device shown in FIG. 1 includes a plurality of transmission links, including both electrical near-field transmission links and magnetic near-field transmission links. This structure can simultaneously utilize the magnetic near field and the electric near field to transmit or receive signals or energy, so the capacity of the signal or energy can be effectively improved, thereby improving the transmission efficiency.
  • the antenna device can only transmit signals through the electrical near-field transmission link or the magnetic near-field transmission link during near-field communication, while the antenna device shown in FIG. 1 can simultaneously transmit signals from the electrical near-field transmission link
  • This signal transmission link transmits or receives signals or energy in the near field, so that the capacity of the signal or energy can be improved. Receive more energy, thereby effectively improving the transmission efficiency of signals or energy.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna device 100 may be equivalent to the antenna device shown in FIG. 1 , and it can be understood that FIG. 4 is obtained by logically dividing the transmission module 120 of FIG. 1 in another manner.
  • the antenna device 100 includes a processing module 110 and a transmission module 120
  • the transmission module 120 includes a front-end module 130 and an antenna module 140 .
  • FIG. 4 is only an antenna device of another logical division method, the same logic modules are numbered the same as those in FIG. 1 , and the related content can also be completely referred to FIG. 1 , which will not be repeated for brevity.
  • the front-end module 130 in FIG. 4 can be regarded as a set composed of all the front-ends in FIG. 1
  • the antenna module 130 in FIG. 4 can be regarded as a set composed of all the antennas in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application, and the antenna system can realize transmission of signals or energy emitted in the electric near field and the magnetic near field.
  • the antenna system shown in FIG. 5 can also realize the transmission of far-field transmit signals or energy.
  • the antenna system includes an antenna device 100-1 at the transmitting end and an antenna device 100-2 at the receiving end, wherein the transmitting end is used to represent the end that transmits signals or energy to the outside, and the antenna device 100-1 is used as the end of the transmitting end.
  • Antenna device used to denote an antenna device that transmits signals or energy outward. It should be noted that the antenna device generally does not transmit signals or energy in a fixed point or direction. Therefore, the signal or energy transmitted by the antenna device 100-1 is not necessarily only transmitted to the antenna device 100-2.
  • the receiving end is used to represent the end that receives the signal or energy
  • the antenna device 100-2 is used as the antenna device of the receiving end to represent the antenna device that receives the signal or energy. It should be noted that when the antenna device receives signals or energy, it may not necessarily receive signals in a fixed point and direction. Therefore, the antenna device 100-2 does not only receive signals or energy from the antenna device 100-1. In FIG.
  • the antenna system mainly includes a transmitter antenna device 100-1 and a receiver antenna device 100-2 as an example for introduction, but it should be understood that in an actual situation, an antenna system may include multiple antennas There is no limit to the number of antenna devices belonging to the transmitting end and the receiving end among these antenna devices, and the antenna device of the transmitting end can also be used as the antenna device of the receiving end, and vice versa.
  • the signal or energy transmitted by the transmitting-end antenna device 100-1 is not necessarily only received by the receiving-end antenna device 100-2.
  • the antenna device 100-1 may include a processing module 110-1 and a transmission module 120-1, the transmission module 120-1 may include multiple transmission links, each transmission link includes a front end and an antenna, and the front end It can be understood as the supporting circuit of the antenna, and the antenna is used to transmit or receive signals or energy.
  • the antenna device 100-1 may include a processing module 110-1, a front-end module 130-1, and an antenna module 140-1, wherein the processing module 110-1 may be used to generate a signal or energy to be transmitted, and may also use
  • the front-end module 130-1 may be a supporting circuit of the antenna module 140-1, or may be understood as a processing circuit connecting the processing module 110-1 and the antenna module 140-1;
  • the front-end module 130- 1 may include at least one electric near-field front end, at least one magnetic near-field front end, and possibly at least one far-field front end;
  • the antenna module 140-1 is used to represent an antenna for transmitting or receiving signals or energy.
  • the antenna device 100-1 can distribute the signal or energy to be sent by the processing module 110-1, transmit it to the antenna module 140-1 through at least one front end of the front end module 130-1, and then transmit it from the antenna module 140-1 .
  • Each front end in the front end module 130-1 corresponds to each antenna of the antenna module 140-1 in a one-to-one correspondence, and it can be considered that the transmission module 120-1 has two division methods.
  • the transmission path is divided into multiple transmission links. One is to divide the front end and the antenna into the front end module 130-1 and the antenna module 140-1 respectively.
  • the plurality of transmission links in the transmission module 120-1 include an electric near-field transmission link and a magnetic near-field transmission link
  • the electric near-field transmission link includes an electric near-field front end and an electric near-field antenna
  • the electrical near-field front-end is used to process the signal or energy from the electrical near-field antenna, or to transmit the signal or energy to the electrical near-field antenna
  • the electrical near-field antenna is used to transmit or receive the signal or energy.
  • the magnetic near field transmission link includes a magnetic near field front end and a magnetic near field antenna.
  • the magnetic near field front end is used to process the signal or energy from the magnetic near field antenna, or to transmit the signal or energy to the magnetic near field antenna.
  • magnetic near-field antennas are used to transmit or receive signals or energy.
  • the plurality of transmission links in the transmission module 120-1 may further include far-field transmission links, and the far-field transmission links include far-field front ends and far-field antennas, and the far-field front ends are used for The signal or energy of the far-field antenna is processed or used to transmit the signal or energy to the far-field antenna, which is used to transmit or receive the signal or energy.
  • the antenna device 100-2 may include a processing module 110-2 and a transmission module 120-2, the transmission module 120-2 may include multiple transmission links, each transmission link includes a front end and an antenna, and the front end It can be understood as the supporting circuit of the antenna, and the antenna is used to transmit or receive signals or energy.
  • the antenna device 100-2 may include a processing module 110-2, a front-end module 130-2, and an antenna module 140-2, where the antenna module 140-2 is used to represent a module composed of all antennas, and is used to receive data from The signal or energy of other antenna devices, and the received signal or energy is transmitted to the front-end module 130-2;
  • the front-end module 130-2 may be the supporting circuit of the antenna module 140-2, or it may be understood as the connection processing module 110 -2 and the processing circuit of the antenna module 140-2, for transmitting the signal or energy received by the antenna module 140-2 to the processing module 110-2
  • the front-end module 130-2 may include at least one electric near-field front-end and at least one A magnetic near-field front-end, possibly also including at least one far-field front-end;
  • the processing module 110-2 can be used to process the received signal or energy, such as the signal or energy obtained from multiple front-ends of the front-end module 130-2 energy is combined.
  • the receiving-end antenna device 100-2 can use the antenna module 140-2 to receive the signal or energy, and transmit it to the front-end module 130-2, and transmit it to the processing module 140-2 through at least one front-end of the front-end module 130-2, and the processing Module 140-2 performs subsequent processing.
  • the plurality of transmission links in the transmission module 120-1 include an electric near-field transmission link and a magnetic near-field transmission link
  • the electric near-field transmission link includes an electric near-field front end and an electric near-field antenna
  • the electrical near-field front-end is used to process the signal or energy from the electrical near-field antenna, or to transmit the signal or energy to the electrical near-field antenna
  • the electrical near-field antenna is used to transmit or receive the signal or energy.
  • the magnetic near field transmission link includes a magnetic near field front end and a magnetic near field antenna.
  • the magnetic near field front end is used to process the signal or energy from the magnetic near field antenna, or to transmit the signal or energy to the magnetic near field antenna.
  • magnetic near-field antennas are used to transmit or receive signals or energy.
  • the plurality of transmission links in the transmission module 120-2 may further include far-field transmission links, and the far-field transmission links include far-field front ends and far-field antennas, and the far-field front ends are used for The signal or energy of the far-field antenna is processed or used to transmit the signal or energy to the far-field antenna, which is used to transmit or receive the signal or energy.
  • each module in FIG. 1 , FIG. 4 , and FIG. 5 The specific internal structure of each module in FIG. 1 , FIG. 4 , and FIG. 5 and the principles of electrical near field communication, magnetic near field communication, and far field communication will be described in detail below, and will not be repeated here.
  • the front-end module 130-1 in the antenna device 100-1 includes both an electric near-field front end and a magnetic near-field front end
  • the antenna module 140-1 includes both an electric near-field antenna and a magnetic near-field antenna.
  • Front ends and magnetic near-field front ends transmit signals or energy to and from the connected antennas. That is to say, each electrical near-field front end has a connected electrical near-field antenna, and each magnetic near-field front end has a connected magnetic near-field antenna, forming multiple independent transmission links, so that the Multiple electrical or magnetic near-field transmission links transmit and transmit signals or energy.
  • This structure can utilize the magnetic near field and the electric near field to transmit signals or energy at the same time, so the capacity of the signal or energy can be effectively improved, thereby improving the transmission efficiency.
  • the antenna module 140-2 in the antenna device 100-2 includes both an electric near-field antenna and a magnetic near-field antenna
  • the front-end module 130-2 includes both an electric near-field front end and a magnetic near-field front end.
  • the antenna and the magnetic near-field antenna receive signals or energy and transmit it to the processing module 110-2 from the front end connected thereto. That is to say, each electrical near-field front end has a connected electrical near-field antenna, and each magnetic near-field front end has a connected magnetic near-field antenna, forming multiple independent transmission links, so that the Multiple electrical or magnetic near-field transmission links receive and transmit signals or energy.
  • This structure can utilize the magnetic near field and the electric near field to receive signals or energy at the same time, so the capacity of the signal or energy can be effectively improved, thereby improving the transmission efficiency.
  • an antenna device can only transmit signals or energy through an electrical near-field transmission link or a magnetic near-field transmission link during near-field communication, while the antenna devices shown in FIGS.
  • Signals or energy are transmitted or received from the electrical near-field transmission link and the near-field signal transmission link at the same time, so that the capacity of the signal or energy can be improved.
  • signal or transmit more energy at the same time thereby effectively improving the transmission efficiency of the signal or energy.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 can be viewed as an example of the antenna system shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the processing module 211 in FIG. 6 can be regarded as an example of the processing module 110-1 in FIG. 5, and the processing module 221 in FIG. 6 can be regarded as an example of the processing module 110-2 in FIG.
  • the front-end module 212 can be regarded as an example of the front-end module 130-1 in FIG. 5, the front-end module 222 in FIG. 6 can be regarded as an example of the front-end module 130-2 in FIG. 5, and the antenna module 213 in FIG. 6 can be Considered as an example of the antenna module 140-1 in FIG. 5 , the antenna module 223 in FIG. 6 can be considered as an example of the antenna module 140-2 in FIG. 5 .
  • the front-end module 212 includes a plurality of electric near-field front-ends, a plurality of magnetic near-field front-ends, and a plurality of far-field front-ends.
  • 212-B1 to 212-Bn B represent the magnetic near-field front end
  • 212-C1 to 212-Cn C represent the far-field front end
  • n A , n B and n C are all positive integers
  • A, B and C are used to distinguish Three types of front ends, 1-n A , 1-n B and 1-n C are the numbers of the three types of front ends, respectively.
  • the front-end module 222 includes a plurality of electrical near-field front ends, a plurality of magnetic near-field front ends, and a plurality of far-field front ends.
  • B1 to 222-Bn B represent the magnetic near-field front end
  • 222-C1 to 222-Cn C represent the far-field front end
  • n A , n B and n C are all positive integers
  • A, B and C are used to distinguish three types of Front ends
  • 1-n A , 1-n B and 1-n C are the numbers of the three types of front ends, respectively.
  • the antenna module 213 includes a plurality of electric near-field antennas, a plurality of magnetic near-field antennas and a plurality of far-field antennas, and the antennas in the antenna module 213 have a one-to-one correspondence with the front ends in the front end module 212 .
  • 213-A1 to 213-An A are used to represent the electric near-field antenna
  • 213-B1 to 213-Bn B are used to represent the magnetic near-field antenna
  • 213-C1 to 213-Cn C are used to represent the far-field antenna
  • n A , n B and n C are all positive integers
  • A, B and C are used to distinguish three types of antennas
  • 1-n A , 1-n B and 1-n C are numbers of the three types of antennas respectively.
  • the antenna module 223 includes a plurality of electric near-field antennas, a plurality of magnetic near-field antennas, and a plurality of far-field antennas, and the antennas in the antenna module 223 have a one-to-one correspondence with the front ends in the front end module 222 .
  • 223-A1 to 223-An A are used to represent the electric near-field antenna
  • 223-B1 to 223-Bn B are used to represent the magnetic near-field antenna
  • 223-C1 to 223-Cn C are used to represent the far-field antenna
  • n A , n B and n C are all positive integers
  • A, B and C are used to distinguish three types of antennas
  • 1-n A , 1-n B and 1-n C are numbers of the three types of antennas respectively.
  • the antenna and the front end are in a one-to-one relationship, and an antenna and a front end can be regarded as a transmission link, and the transmission link can be understood as a signal or signal to be transmitted or received by the antenna.
  • the module for processing energy can be, for example, a signal processing circuit.
  • a transmission link can process analog signals, and may include units such as digital-to-analog or analog-to-digital conversion, filtering, frequency mixing, and impedance matching.
  • Antennas can transmit electromagnetic fields to or receive electromagnetic fields from open spaces. Therefore, transmitting and receiving signals or energy is not fixed-point transmission or fixed-point reception, that is, it does not specify which antenna device to send to or receive. which antenna means the signal or energy.
  • the transmission process may generally include unified processing of baseband signals, such as channel coding, modulation, and scrambling, and the process may be performed by the processing module 211 .
  • the receiving process may also generally include unified processing of baseband signals, such as channel decoding, demodulation, descrambling and other operations, and this process may be performed by the processing module 212 .
  • the division of the above-mentioned modules is only logical division, so the above-mentioned unified processing of the baseband signal may also be performed by an independent module.
  • the processing module 211 may allocate the transmit power or energy on each front end according to the transmission condition of the electromagnetic field, including possibly shutting down the transmission of part of the link.
  • the overall transmission efficiency can be improved as much as possible.
  • the power allocated to the electrical near-field transmission link and the magnetic near-field transmission link can be made smaller.
  • the proportion of power allocated to the far-field transmission link is relatively large; for another example, in a scenario suitable for electrical near-field communication, the proportion of power allocated to the electrical near-field transmission link can be made larger, while the other transmission links The proportion of the above is small.
  • 0 power may also be allocated to one or more transmission links, that is, no transmission power is allocated to some transmission links, which is equivalent to closing these transmission links.
  • the multiple transmission links include an electric near-field transmission link and a magnetic near-field transmission link. Assuming that the power allocated to the electric near-field transmission link is 0, it is equivalent to using only the magnetic near-field transmission.
  • the link transmits signals or energy. If only power is allocated to the electric near-field transmission link or only to the magnetic near-field transmission link, it is equivalent to realizing the connection between the electric near-field transmission link and the magnetic near-field transmission link. switch.
  • the multiple transmission links include at least one electrical near-field transmission link, at least one magnetic near-field transmission link, and at least one far-field transmission link, then when allocating power, it may appear that only one or both of the In the case of a transmission link, it is equivalent to realize automatic switching between transmission links. It should be understood that, in this embodiment of the present application, this switching is continuously performed and changed along with the distributed power, rather than a rigid switch-type switching, so it is more flexible and applicable.
  • the processing module 211 may also be configured to adjust the transmit power according to the receiving condition of the receiving end.
  • the receiving condition of the receiving end may be the received power fed back by the receiving end, or it may be calculated according to the current measured locally at the transmitting end.
  • the overall transmission efficiency can be improved as much as possible. For example, in a scenario suitable for far-field communication, the power allocated to the electrical near-field transmission link and the magnetic near-field transmission link can be reduced, or even no power allocated. To these two transmission links, the power on the far-field transmission link is increased; for another example, in a scenario suitable for electrical near-field communication, the power allocated to the electrical near-field transmission link can be increased.
  • Which scenarios are suitable for the above can be known according to the reception situation, so adjusting the power allocation according to the reception situation already enables switching of transmission links according to different scenarios, which is more accurate and flexible than hard switching.
  • the processing module 221 may combine signals or energies from multiple front ends.
  • near-field communication includes electrical near-field communication and magnetic near-field communication, that is, in near-field communication, the electrical near-field and magnetic near-field can be used to transmit signals or energy at the same time, so that the transmission The capacity is increased, thereby improving the transmission efficiency.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 can be regarded as an example of an antenna system structure corresponding to the logical division in FIG. 1 .
  • the transmission module of the antenna device in FIG. 7 includes multiple transmission links, and the multiple transmission links (shown in FIG. 7 )
  • the transmission links 214-A1, 214-B1, 214-C1 and 224-A1, 224-B1, 224-C1) can be regarded as examples of multiple transmission links in FIG. 1 . As shown in FIG.
  • the transmission link 214-A1 includes an electrical near-field front end 212-A1 and an electrical near-field antenna 213-A1
  • the transmission link 214-B1 includes an electrical near-field front end 212-B1 and an electrical near-field antenna 213- B1
  • the transmission link 224-A1 includes an electrical near field front end 222-A1 and an electrical near field antenna 223-A1
  • the transmission link 224-B1 includes an electrical near field front end 222-B1 and an electrical near field antenna 223-B1.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application. Most of the components in FIG. 8 and FIG. 6 are the same, and the same parts will not be repeated. The difference between FIG. 8 and FIG. 6 is that the antenna module 213 and the antenna module 223 shown in FIG. 8 include integrated antennas.
  • the integrated antenna is An antenna having functions of an electrical near-field antenna, a magnetic near-field antenna, and a far-field antenna at the same time, the integrated antenna shown in (c) in FIG. 3 can be used as an example of the integrated antenna in FIG. 8 . As shown in FIG.
  • the antenna module 213 includes an integrated antenna 213-1 to an integrated antenna 213-n, where n is the serial number of the integrated antennas, and each front end in the front end module 212 can refer to the introduction in FIG. A special case of n A , n B and n C being equal in 6.
  • Each front end in FIG. 8 still corresponds to one of the integrated antennas.
  • the electrical near-field front end 212-A1 corresponds to the electrical near-field antenna part of the integrated antenna 213-1. If (c) in FIG. 3 is taken as an example , the electric near-field front end 212-A1 corresponds to the reflector in the integrated antenna 213-1, and the others are not listed one by one.
  • FIG. 8 adopts an integrated antenna, which can make the antenna structure more compact, reduce the volume of the antenna module, and reduce the volume of the antenna device.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of electrical near field communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrical near-field communication ie, the signal transmission of the electrical near-field
  • Capacitive coupling can be called electric field coupling or electrostatic coupling, which is a coupling method due to the existence of distributed capacitance.
  • the output uses a voltage amplifier instead of the power amplifier used in traditional electromagnetic radiation technology.
  • the transmission medium can be any dielectric material.
  • the dielectric material can be, for example, air, human body, etc., that is, any dielectric material between the transmitting end and the receiving end antenna.
  • signals can be transmitted through the equipotential surface of the human body.
  • Such an electric near field has arbitrarily high sensitivity, and is only limited by heat and current noise, and does not dissipate electromagnetic energy, which can greatly reduce the power consumption of the antenna device at the transmitting end during the near field communication process, making it suitable for ultra-low power short-circuit Distance communication and operate in unused spectrum (electric field spectrum).
  • the shape design of the transmitting end antenna (ie the electric near field antenna at the transmitting end) and the receiving end antenna (ie the electric near field antenna or the electrode at the receiving end) can be highly flexible.
  • the received signal strength at the receiving end is linearly proportional to the transmitting voltage at the transmitting end, linearly proportional to the area of the antenna in the antenna module of the receiving end, and linearly proportional to the length of the antenna in the antenna module of the transmitting end.
  • FIG. 9 includes the equivalent circuit of the antenna device at the transmitting end (for brevity, it is replaced by “transmitting end” in the following content of FIG. 9 ) and the equivalent circuit of the antenna device at the receiving end (for brevity, in the following content of FIG. 9 ) Replaced with "receiving end"), capacitive coupling is formed between the two by the transmission medium (here, any dielectric material), which is represented by the dotted line capacitance symbol in FIG. 9, that is, the capacitance C in FIG. 9 .
  • the transmitting end includes an encoding module, a modulation module, a voltage amplifier and an antenna A.
  • the encoding module and the modulation module can process the data to be transmitted to a certain extent, so that the transmission quality is higher.
  • the two are part of the processing module, and the voltage amplifier is the electrical Component of the near field front end.
  • the receiving end includes an antenna B (the antenna B can be an electrode), a resistor Rin, a capacitor Cin, an operational amplifier B, a demodulation module and a decoding module, wherein the resistor Rin, the capacitor Cin and the operational amplifier B are components of the electric near-field front end,
  • the demodulation module and the decoding module are part of the processing module.
  • the antenna A is mainly used as an electrical near-field antenna
  • the antenna B is used as an electrode as an example for description.
  • data A (such as 010011 in the figure) is encoded by the encoding module, modulated by the modulation module, and then input to the voltage amplifier.
  • the amplified signal or energy is transmitted through the antenna A, and is coupled to the antenna B through the capacitor C. Then it is input to the operational amplifier B through the resistor Rin and the capacitor Cin, and then the data B is obtained after the demodulation by the demodulation module and the decoding by the decoding module. If the transmitted data is correct, the content of the data B and the data A is the same.
  • the size of the antenna is not limited by the wavelength of the signal, so the electrical near field antenna can be designed into any shape or size, which can be further miniaturized.
  • the length of the antenna can be much smaller than the wavelength, for example, to transmit or receive a 10 megahertz (MHz) signal, the wavelength can be 30 meters, but in the case of electric near field communication, the size of the electric near field antenna at the transmitting end only needs to reach a diameter of 1. A centimeter is enough, and the electrode at the receiving end can also be a centimeter-level size.
  • There is no obvious electromagnetic power when using electric near-field communication and the power that needs to be consumed is only related to the self-capacitance of the transmitting antenna.
  • the transmitter uses a voltage amplifier instead of a power amplifier, which increases the voltage so that the transmission range can be extended, rather than feeding power to a tuned antenna. Therefore, under other conditions being the same, the power consumption of the electric near-field antenna is lower than that of the near-field antenna in the prior art, and the power consumption of the voltage amplifier is lower than that of the power amplifier in the prior art, so that the The power consumption of the electrical near-field communication in the embodiments of the present application is far lower than the power consumption of the short-range communication using the electromagnetic radiation technology in the prior art.
  • the transmission medium (the dielectric material between the transmitting end and the receiving end) is explained as follows.
  • the transmission medium can be any dielectric material, such as air or an equipotential surface of the human body, and the transmission medium can form capacitive coupling between the transmitting end and the receiving end.
  • positive feedback can be added at the receiving end to induce changes in the electric field and restore the transmitted data.
  • Adding positive feedback can make the receiving end antenna device have arbitrarily high sensitivity, limited only by thermal and current noise.
  • the positive feedback is set between the positive input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier B, the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier B is connected to its output terminal, and the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier B is connected to the resistor Rin and the capacitor Cin. The first ends are connected, and the second ends of the resistor Rin and the capacitor Cin are both grounded.
  • the electrical near-field transmission link at the receiving end does not need to use positive feedback to achieve the technical effect of reducing power consumption and improving transmission efficiency, and positive feedback can improve the sensitivity on this basis.
  • components obtained by a very large-scale integration complementary metal oxide semiconductor (very large-scale integration complementary metal oxide semiconductor, VLSI CMOS) process can be used to design the antenna device of the embodiment of the present application, so that the power consumption can be further improved. reduce.
  • the length or area and shape of the antenna can be determined according to the signal strength requirements. If the antenna at the receiving end is a geometrically shaped wiring on a printed circuit board, the strength of the received signal can also be linearly related to the length of the antenna at the receiving end, because the wiring on the PCB is relatively narrow, And the same width of wiring can be used, so the area of the antenna is in a fixed proportion to the length.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of electrical near field communication at the transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a schematic diagram of the electric near-field front end and the antenna can be obtained by amplifying the voltage amplifier and the antenna A in FIG. 9 .
  • the output module in Fig. 10 can be regarded as the equivalent circuit of the electric near-field front end, and the antenna part can be regarded as the equivalent circuit of the electric near-field antenna.
  • V Tx in Figure 10 is used to represent the output voltage
  • C Tx and R R represent the capacitance and resistance of the electric near-field antenna, respectively.
  • the power consumption in the electrical near field communication process is the sum of the power consumption of the voltage amplifier and the power consumption of the electrical near field antenna, or it can be understood that the power consumption of the electrical near field front end plus the power consumption of the electrical near field antenna is Power consumption of the transmission link during electrical near field communication.
  • the equivalent circuit of the voltage amplifier can refer to FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the circuit shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the equivalent circuit of the amplifier is shown in the left frame, and the equivalent circuit of the electric near-field antenna is shown in the right frame.
  • the equivalent circuit of the electric near-field antenna has been introduced in FIG. 10 and will not be repeated.
  • an N-type metal oxide semiconductor (negative channel metal oxide semiconductor, NMOS) transistor and a P-type metal oxide semiconductor (positive channel metal oxide semiconductor, PMOS) are connected between the two ends of the voltage amplifier V1 and V2 )Tube.
  • the drain d of the NMOS is connected to V1
  • the gate g of the NMOS is connected to the gate g of the PMOS
  • the source s of the NMOS is connected to the drain d of the PMOS
  • the source s of the PMOS is connected to V2
  • one end of the antenna A is connected. It is connected to the source s of NMOS and the drain d of PMOS.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of a common circuit structure of a voltage amplifier, which is a typical inverter structure. Those skilled in the art can also use other similar or similar circuit structures according to actual needs. No more enumerating.
  • the power consumption of the electric near-field antenna is lower than that of the near-field antenna in the prior art, and the power consumption of the voltage amplifier is lower than that of the power amplifier in the prior art
  • the transmission efficiency of the voltage amplifier in the near field is higher than that of the power amplifier in the prior art, so that the power consumption of the electrical near field communication in the embodiment of the present application is lower than that of the near field communication using the electromagnetic radiation technology in the prior art.
  • the power consumption of distance communication, and the transmission efficiency is higher than the transmission efficiency of short-range communication of electromagnetic radiation technology.
  • the near field communication in the prior art adopts the electromagnetic field radiation technology, rather than the separation method of the electric near field and the magnetic near field in the present application.
  • the magnetic near field transmits signals, and the near field communication of the embodiments of the present application can transmit signals from the electric near field and the magnetic near field at the same time, has higher capacity, and effectively improves the transmission efficiency of signals or energy.
  • near-field communication and far-field communication are relative concepts
  • near-field communication and long-distance communication are relative concepts.
  • Far-field communication is divided according to wavelength, and there is no strict dividing line between near-field communication and far-field communication, while short-range communication and long-distance communication are simply divided according to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, and no wavelength is involved.
  • electromagnetic radiation technology is a technology that does not consider near-field communication or far-field communication, and its technical limitations determine that it is only used for short-range communication.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of signal transmission of the magnetic near field.
  • both the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna can use loop coils. After the transmission signal is input from the transmitter antenna, it is transmitted to the receiver antenna through the magnetic field, and is received by the receiver to become the received signal.
  • the dashed circle with arrows and the dashed straight line in Figure 12 both represent the magnetic field lines. When the two antenna coils are on the same horizontal line, the direction of the magnetic field lines is shown in (a) in Figure 12. When the two coils are opposite, the direction of the magnetic field lines is shown in Figure 12. shown in (b).
  • the magnetic near-field communication is implemented based on inductive coupling.
  • the transmitting antenna is usually a loop antenna, and its shape can be a circular ring or a square ring, as shown in Figure 12, a circular ring.
  • a multi-turn coil can be used to form a multilayer loop antenna.
  • Most of the receiving antennas also use loop antennas or coils, but magnetic field sensors, such as Hall magnetic field sensors and quantum magnetic field sensors, can also be used to obtain sensitivity beyond ordinary coils and achieve long-distance magnetic near-field communication.
  • the area enclosed by the antenna coil needs to be as large as possible, so that more common magnetic lines of force will pass through the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, forming a strong mutual inductance.
  • the method of inductance-capacitance resonance can also be used, that is, the front end of the magnetic near field will include a capacitor in parallel with the magnetic near field antenna to form an inductance-capacitor oscillation.
  • antennas in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 both refer to magnetic near-field antennas, which are referred to as antennas for brevity, but it should be understood that the magnetic near-field antennas are specifically referred to here.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a transmission link of the magnetic near field according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the front end of the magnetic near field includes an adjustable capacitor C1 and an adjustable resistance R1
  • the magnetic near field antenna is represented by a multi-turn coil.
  • the signal or energy from the processing module can be input to the magnetic near-field antenna through the magnetic near-field front end, and then transmitted from the magnetic near-field antenna, and the signal or energy received from the magnetic near-field antenna can also be transmitted through the magnetic near-field antenna.
  • the magnetic near field front end is input to the processing module.
  • Adjustable capacitors and adjustable resistors can be used to adjust the resonant frequency.
  • the magnetic near-field communication is mainly described above with reference to FIGS. 12 to 13 , and the far-field communication is described below with reference to FIGS. 14 to 16 . Similar to magnetic near-field communication, those skilled in the art can select any far-field antenna to apply to the embodiments of the present application according to actual needs. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, in the embodiments of the present application, only the far-field antenna is used as a dipole.
  • the sub-antenna is briefly introduced as an example, and other far-field antennas are not introduced.
  • Dipole antennas are a very basic type of far-field antennas. Dipole antennas include electric dipole antennas and magnetic dipole antennas.
  • FIG. 14 is an example diagram of transmission and reception of the electric dipole antenna in the far field communication according to the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 18 is an example diagram of the transmission and reception of the magnetic dipole antenna according to the embodiment of the present application in the far field communication.
  • the transmitter antennas have different transmission directions, and only far-field transmissions in a certain direction can be received by a certain receiver antenna.
  • the transmitter antenna in FIG. 14 to FIG. 16 is the far-field antenna of the transmitter, and the receiver antenna is the far-field antenna of the receiver.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a transmission link of far-field communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • (a) in Figure 16 shows the equivalent circuit of the transmission link where the electric dipole antenna is located
  • (b) in Figure 16 shows the equivalent circuit of the transmission link where the magnetic dipole antenna is located
  • (a) shows the equivalent circuit of the far-field electric field
  • (b) shows the equivalent circuit of the far-field magnetic field.
  • the far-field electric field ie, (a) of Fig. 16
  • the far-field electric field is equivalent to connecting a resistor, a capacitor and an inductor.
  • the resonant frequency is determined by the capacitance and inductance.
  • the inductance and capacitance are adjustable, so the resonant frequency is also adjustable.
  • the overall module composition and structure of the antenna device according to the embodiments of the present application and the electrical near-field communication, magnetic near-field communication, and far-field communication are described above mainly in conjunction with the figures, and it is also mentioned above that the processing module can be used to Allocate energy or power, which is described in detail below.
  • signals or energy can be sent simultaneously from any two or three of the electric near field, the magnetic near field, and the far field electromagnetic field, but there is a problem of mutual interference.
  • the processing module at the transmitting end divides the signal into three parts and sends them to the magnetic near-field transmission link, the electrical near-field transmission link and the far-field transmission link respectively.
  • the signals transmitted by each transmission link are located in the same frequency band, or the frequency bands overlap.
  • the magnetic near-field transmission link, the electrical near-field transmission link and the far-field transmission link at the receiving end will each receive three signals.
  • the magnetic near-field transmission link should only receive the magnetic near-field and the electrical near-field transmission link.
  • the coupling strength of the electrical near-field signal mainly depends on the capacitance between the transmitter and the receiver.
  • the strength of the received signal is mainly determined by the area of the receiving end's electrical near-field antenna (or electrode) facing the transmitting antenna.
  • the electric near-field antenna at the receiving end is an electrode with a certain area
  • the magnetic near-field antenna is a loop antenna or a coil, and the surrounding area is large, but the area of the antenna body itself is small. Because the wire is usually thinner, and the far-field antenna can use a thinner antenna body, which can reduce the area.
  • the electric near-field antenna at the receiving end is a disk with a diameter of 2 cm, that is to say, the area of the electric near-field antenna is ⁇ square cm, and the magnetic near-field antenna is a 5-turn circle with a diameter of 1-1.4 cm Loop antenna, each turn spaced 0.05 cm, the far-field antenna is a dipole antenna, each side is 10 cm long, 0.05 cm wide, and the transmission frequency is 40 MHz.
  • the capacitive coupling strength of the electrical near-field signal on the electrical near-field antenna is about 13 times and 3 times that on the magnetic near-field antenna and the far-field antenna, respectively.
  • the magnetic near-field antenna is usually a closed loop
  • the potential generated by capacitive coupling cannot form a significant potential difference around the magnetic near-field antenna, and cannot directly form an interference signal. Only the weak induced potential difference at different positions of the antenna will eventually The interference signal is formed, which only accounts for a small proportion of the coupling energy. It depends on the coupling difference at different positions of the antenna.
  • the reception interference on the far-field antenna is also similar. Therefore, the interference signal generated by the electric near field is much lower than that of the electric near field. signal received by the antenna.
  • the electrical near-field antenna also emits a small amount of signal, but usually due to the mismatch in size, for example, in the above example, the size of the electrical near-field antenna is much smaller than that of the far-field antenna, so the proportion of the electrical near-field signal transmitted to the far-field antenna is almost very high. Small.
  • the coupling strength of the magnetic near-field signal mainly depends on the common magnetic flux, that is, the mutual inductance.
  • the electric near-field antenna does not have a closed loop feeding into the received signal, so the induced signal (ie, the magnetic near-field signal) received by the electric near-field antenna is very low.
  • An open antenna means that starting from one connection port of the feeder port, there is no path along the antenna body to reach another connection port, such as the far-field antenna shown in (c) in Figure 2, so the received induction signal Also very low. Therefore, Rem ⁇ Rm, Rxm ⁇ Rm, where Rem and Rxm are the magnetic near-field signals received by the electric near-field antenna and the far-field antenna and transmitted from the magnetic near-field antenna, respectively.
  • the effective electrical size of the electric near-field antenna or the magnetic near-field antenna is smaller than that of the far-field antenna at the receiving end.
  • the size of the far-field antenna is 20 cm, so the received signal Rex of the electric near-field antenna and the received signal Rmx of the magnetic near-field antenna are much lower than the received signal Rx of the far-field antenna, that is, Rex ⁇ Rx, Rmx ⁇ ⁇ Rx.
  • the received signal-to-interference ratio of the far-field antenna, electrical near-field antenna and magnetic near-field antenna at the receiving end is Signal-to-interference ratio for short) are Rx/(Rxe+Rxm), Re/(Rem+Rex), Rm/(Rme+Rmx), as mentioned above, Rme ⁇ Re, Rxe ⁇ Re, Rem ⁇ Rm, Rxm ⁇ Rm, Rex ⁇ Rx, Rmx ⁇ Rx, so it cannot ensure that each signal-to-interference ratio is small enough, so additional conditions are required to make Rx, Re and Rm relatively close, for example, the difference is controlled within a certain threshold . In this way, it can be ensured that each transmission link achieves a higher signal-to-interference ratio and thus has a better signal or energy capacity.
  • the signal interference ratio can be made smaller by making Rx, Re, and Rm relatively close.
  • the transmit signal powers Tx, Te, and Tm can be adjusted according to the initial received signal power of each antenna, so that Rx, Re, and Rm are within the threshold range.
  • the receiving end can feed back the measured power to the transmitting end, and the transmitting end adjusts the power of the transmitted signal according to the feedback received power signal.
  • the above steps may be performed by the processing module of the antenna device at the receiving end and the processing module of the antenna device at the transmitting end.
  • the local current of the transmitter can also be directly measured to understand the received signal power, so as to adjust the transmit signal power Tx, Te and Tm accordingly.
  • the above steps may be performed by the processing module of the antenna device at the receiving end and the processing module of the antenna device at the transmitting end.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a circuit model of electrical near field communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the transmitting end and the receiving end realize signal transmission through capacitive coupling.
  • the coupling capacitor is assumed to be C
  • the receiving load resistance is Rr
  • the current is Ir
  • the voltage of the transmitting signal at the transmitting end is V
  • the current is I
  • the transmitting end is positive.
  • the load resistance Rr of the transmitting end to the receiving end may not be clear.
  • the receiving end may still use the method of feeding back the received energy initially, and then directly measure the local current to determine.
  • the load resistance of the receiving end is a standard fixed value, so that the transmitting end can judge the received power by directly measuring the local current at the beginning.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a circuit model of magnetic near field communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the capacitance, inductance and resistance of the transmitting end are Ct, Lt and Rt respectively
  • the capacitance, inductance and resistance of the receiving end are Cr, Lr and Rr respectively
  • the signal voltage of the transmitting end is V
  • V It(j ⁇ Lt+1/(j ⁇ Ct)+Rt)-j ⁇ MIr.
  • the load resistance Rr of the transmitter to the receiver may not be clear.
  • the receiver may initially feed back the received energy, and then directly measure the local current to determine.
  • the load resistance of the receiving end is a standard fixed value, so that the transmitting end can judge the received power by directly measuring the local current at the beginning.
  • the method of adjusting the transmit power may be to increase the power of the transmit signal transmission link corresponding to the transmission link with lower received power, or to decrease the power of the transmit signal transmission link corresponding to the transmission link with higher receive power. . Therefore, it is equivalent to make each transmission link play a larger role as much as possible, so as to improve the overall transmission efficiency as much as possible.
  • the above analysis is based on the simultaneous existence of three links (including the corresponding transmitting and receiving antennas) of the far field, the electrical near field and the magnetic near field. If only two of the links exist, such as the far field and the electrical near field Field, or far field and magnetic near field, or electric near field and magnetic near field, the method is also similar and will not be repeated for brevity.
  • one or more of the links contain multiple sub-links, such as multiple electrical near-field transmission links, multiple magnetic near-field transmission links and multiple far-field transmission links as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • road. Capacity doubling through multiple-input multiple-output technology.
  • the transmit power to be adjusted is the total transmit power of multiple sub-links.
  • the processing module at the transmitting end can decide whether to close some of the links according to the data rate and transmit power difference of various links, so as to achieve better energy efficiency.
  • the transmission power of the far-field link is Px
  • the data rate is Dx
  • the transmission power of the magnetic near-field link is Pm
  • the data rate is Dm
  • the power of the link is often not proportional to the transmit power, but the transmit power can still be obtained according to the transmit power.
  • the transmit powers of the far-field link and the magnetic near-field link are obtained here as Px' and Pm', respectively.
  • the magnetic near-field link power increases to Pm
  • the far-field link power decreases to [Px'-(Pm”-Pm') ]
  • the corresponding data rate at this time is Dx
  • the transmit power drops to 0 or a threshold ( Usually it is the power value corresponding to a minimum transmit power specified by the transmitter), which means that the link is closed.
  • the previous method of estimating the data rate according to the power is that the difference between the demodulation threshold of the current data rate and the changed data rate is the difference of the power change.
  • the modulation method changes from quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) to quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). For example, if the demodulation threshold needs to be increased by 6dB, the transmit power needs to be increased by 6dB. If the power An 8dB increase is required, and the data rate is doubled.
  • the transmitting end can calculate the received power according to the measured local current, when the local current is higher than the threshold, it is judged that near field communication is not suitable, and the device is turned off. link, open other links, such as opening a far-field link, for far-field communication.
  • Far-field communication generally relies on the feedback of the receiving end to know the received power signal. Therefore, if the receiving power of the receiving end is higher than the threshold, it is judged that near-field communication can be used, and the magnetic or electrical near-field communication link can be opened, and the far-field link can be closed. .
  • the above-mentioned signal is divided into multiple parts at the transmitting end and transmitted on different types of transmission links. Similar to the existing wireless communication mechanism, if there are at least two different signals, they are implemented through different near-field links, or far and near-field links. For multiplexing, if it is the same signal, diversity is achieved through different near field links, or far and near field links. Multiplexing increases channel capacity, and diversity improves received signal quality.
  • the transmitter can calculate the power of the receiver according to the feedback of the receiver or the current of the transmitter. Let the transmit power consumption of the far-field link, the electric near-field link and the magnetic near-field link be Px, Pe, and Pm, respectively, and the receive power be Rx, Re, and Rm, respectively.
  • the detection method can be used, usually selecting the link with the lowest power efficiency, reducing its transmit power consumption, and increasing the transmit power consumption of the link with the highest power efficiency.
  • the far-field link transmit power is reduced by ⁇ x
  • the highest ⁇ m efficiency is the magnetic near-field transmit power increased by ⁇ x.
  • the transmit power consumption described here is different from the transmit power because of amplifier nonlinearity and device fixed consumption, which are generally not linear.
  • the above emission power consumption can be understood as emission energy.
  • the antenna device is mainly introduced above, and the method of reusing the above-mentioned antenna device for communication is introduced below. Since some methods of the antenna device when working are also introduced in the above, for the sake of brevity, there will be some For the omission of content, please refer to the above related content for the omitted content.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 mainly introduces the communication method of the antenna device at the transmitting end, because the antenna device at the transmitting end may be any of the above antenna devices. Therefore, each step of FIG. 19 can be performed by using any of the above antenna devices at the transmitting end. Each step of FIG. 19 is described below.
  • Step 1901 may be performed by using the processing module of the antenna device at the transmitting end.
  • the signal to be transmitted can be understood as a signal that has undergone certain processing.
  • the signal to be transmitted may be obtained after processing by the processing module, such as encoding and modulation, or the energy to be transmitted may be obtained after certain processing.
  • Each transmission link includes a front end and an antenna, that is, an antenna and its supporting circuits form a transmission path.
  • the plurality of transmission links may include at least one electrical near-field transmission link and at least one magnetic near-field transmission link.
  • the same or different signals can be sent from the electric near field and the electromagnetic field at the same time, which improves the transmission capacity of the signal or energy, and thus the transmission efficiency can be improved.
  • the signal or energy may be transmitted from the electrical near field transmission link and the magnetic near field transmission link simultaneously at the same frequency (ie the same transmit frequency).
  • the transmit power of the signal to be transmitted on the multiple transmission links may be allocated.
  • the overall transmission efficiency can be improved as much as possible.
  • the power allocated to the electrical near-field transmission link and the magnetic near-field transmission link can be made smaller.
  • the proportion of power allocated to the far-field transmission link is relatively large; for another example, in a scenario suitable for electrical near-field communication, the proportion of power allocated to the electrical near-field transmission link can be made larger, while the other transmission links The proportion of the above is small.
  • 0 power may also be allocated to one or more transmission links, that is, no transmission power is allocated to some transmission links, which is equivalent to closing these transmission links.
  • the multiple transmission links include an electric near-field transmission link and a magnetic near-field transmission link. Assuming that the power allocated to the electric near-field transmission link is 0, it is equivalent to using only the magnetic near-field transmission.
  • the link transmits signals or energy. If only power is allocated to the electric near-field transmission link or only to the magnetic near-field transmission link, it is equivalent to realizing the connection between the electric near-field transmission link and the magnetic near-field transmission link. switch.
  • the multiple transmission links include at least one electrical near-field transmission link, at least one magnetic near-field transmission link, and at least one far-field transmission link, then when allocating power, it may appear that only one or both of the In the case of a transmission link, it is equivalent to realize automatic switching between transmission links. It should be understood that, in this embodiment of the present application, this switching is continuously performed and changed along with the distributed power, rather than a rigid switch-type switching, so it is more flexible and applicable.
  • the transmit power may also be adjusted according to the receive power, so that the difference between the receive powers on the multiple transmission links of the antenna device at the receiving end when receiving the signal to be transmitted is within a preset range. That is to say, by adjusting the transmit power of the transmit end, the difference of the receive power on the transmission link of the receive end is made smaller.
  • the overall transmission efficiency can be improved as much as possible.
  • the power allocated to the electrical near-field transmission link and the magnetic near-field transmission link can be reduced, or even no power allocated.
  • the power on the far-field transmission link is increased; for another example, in a scenario suitable for electrical near-field communication, the power allocated to the electrical near-field transmission link can be increased.
  • the received power on the electrical near field transmission link of the antenna arrangement at the receiving end may be derived from the current on the electrical near field transmission link of the antenna arrangement at the transmitting end. That is to say, the current can be measured on the electrical near-field transmission link at the transmitting end, thereby inferring the received power of the electrical near-field transmission link at the receiving end.
  • the load resistance Rr of the transmitting end to the receiving end may not be clear.
  • the receiving end can still feed back the received energy initially, and then directly measure the local current to determine.
  • the load resistance of the receiving end is a standard fixed value, so that the transmitting end can judge the received power by directly measuring the local current at the beginning.
  • Multiple transmission links transmit the above-mentioned to-be-transmitted signal.
  • multiple transmission links can simultaneously transmit the above-mentioned signals to be transmitted at the same transmission frequency
  • the antenna device of the embodiment of the present application is also suitable for the transmission of energy. Therefore, the above communication method can also perform the following operations: generate energy to be transmitted, and transmit the energy to be transmitted to multiple transmission links; The link transmits the energy to be transmitted; and adjusts the energy distribution of the energy to be transmitted by the antenna device of the transmitting end on the plurality of transmission links according to the reception of the energy to be transmitted by the antenna device of the receiving end.
  • the transmitter can calculate the power of the receiver according to the feedback of the receiver or the current of the transmitter. Let the transmit power consumption of the far-field link, the electric near-field link and the magnetic near-field link be Px, Pe, and Pm, respectively, and the receive power be Rx, Re, and Rm, respectively.
  • the detection method can be used, usually selecting the link with the lowest power efficiency, reducing its transmit power consumption, and increasing the transmit power consumption of the link with the highest power efficiency.
  • the far-field link transmit power is reduced by ⁇ x, while the highest ⁇ m efficiency is the magnetic near-field transmit power increased by ⁇ x.
  • the transmit power consumption described here is different from the transmit power because of amplifier nonlinearity and device fixed consumption, which are generally not linear.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 mainly introduces the communication method of the antenna device at the receiving end, because the antenna device at the receiving end may be any of the above antenna devices. Therefore, each step of FIG. 20 can be performed by using any of the above antenna devices at the receiving end. Each step in FIG. 20 will be described below.
  • Multiple transmission links receive signals or energy.
  • the received signal or energy can be combined and processed by the processing module, and processing such as decoding, demodulation, and descrambling can also be performed.
  • the received power of signals or energy on multiple transmission links can also be fed back to the antenna device at the transmitting end, so that the antenna device at the transmitting end can adjust its power or energy distribution according to the feedback.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes .

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种天线装置和通信方法,涉及无线通信领域,该天线装置包括处理模块和多个传输链路,其中,处理模块用于生成待发射信号,并将待发射信号传输给多个传输链路;多个传输链路则用于发射待发射信号,多个传输链路包括至少一个电近场传输链路和至少一个磁近场传输链路,电近场传输链路包括电近场前端和电近场天线,电近场前端用于将待发射信号传输给电近场天线,磁近场传输链路包括磁近场前端和磁近场天线,磁近场前端用于将待发射信号传输给磁近场天线,电近场天线和磁近场天线用于发射待发射信号。在本申请技术方案中,可以同时从电近场传输链路和磁近场传输链路发射信号,从而可以有效提高近场通信的传输效率。

Description

天线装置和通信方法 技术领域
本申请涉及无线通信领域,尤其涉及一种天线装置和通信方法。
背景技术
在现代通信系统中,电磁场已经成为了一种重要的信号载体。它不仅可以使信号在器件上传播,还可以使信号在空间中传播。后者应该归功于电磁场不依赖介质的传播特性。正是这种特性,为无线通信的出现创造了先决条件。通常,无线通信使用天线装置来实现电磁场的发射和接收。常见的基于天线装置的无线通信可以根据传输距离的远近划分为近场通信和远场通信。
实际上近场通信的范围和远场通信的范围之间并没有一个严格的界限。但是,在典型的近场或远场范围内,电磁场会具有明显的近场特征或者远场特征。因此,在天线设计过程中,可以将这些特征做充分的考虑,乃至设计专用的配套电路。比如对于近场通信,会优先采取电场耦合或磁场耦合的原理来进行设计;而对于远场通信,则会采取电磁辐射的原理来进行设计。
在现有技术中,近场通信(near field communication,NFC)已经应用于手机上,是利用线圈天线实现的很短距离的通信或者是无线充电功能,但是其信号或能量的传输效率比较低。而例如蓝牙、WIFI等所涉及的远场通信主要使用了远场辐射的电磁波进行通信,但是远场辐射技术在近场范围内,通信的能量传输效率是比较低的,因为将电磁波辐射出去的过程中需要很大的辐射损耗。也就是说,支持远场通信的天线装置并不能适用于近场通信的场景,因此,也无法解决上述近场通信中传输效率较低的问题,导致信号或能量的整体传输效率较低。
因此,如何提高信号或能量的传输效率是亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种天线装置和通信方法,能够有效提高信号或能量的传输效率。
第一方面,提供一种天线装置,该装置包括:处理模块和多个传输链路,其中,处理模块用于生成待发射信号,并将待发射信号传输给多个传输链路;多个传输链路则用于发射待发射信号,多个传输链路包括至少一个电近场传输链路和至少一个磁近场传输链路,电近场传输链路包括电近场前端和电近场天线,电近场前端用于将待发射信号传输给电近场天线,磁近场传输链路包括磁近场前端和磁近场天线,磁近场前端用于将待发射信号传输给磁近场天线,电近场天线和磁近场天线用于发射待发射信号。
在本申请技术方案中,可以同时从电近场传输链路和磁近场传输链路发射信号,从而可以有效提高近场通信的传输效率。
需要说明的是,第一方面的天线装置对应的是发射端的天线装置,第二方面的天线装 置则对应的是接收端的天线装置。
结合第一方面,在第一方面的某些实现方式中,多个传输链路具体用于以相同的发射频率同时发射待发射信号。
结合第一方面,在第一方面的某些实现方式中,处理模块还用于分配待发射信号在多个传输链路上的发射功率。
结合第一方面,在第一方面的某些实现方式中,处理模块还用于调整发射功率,使得接收端的天线装置在接收待发射信号时在其多个传输链路上的接收功率的差值在预设范围内。也就是说,通过调整发射端的发射功率来使得接收端的传输链路上的接收功率差值较小。
因此,相当于使得每个传输链路都尽可能发挥较大的作用,从而使得整体的传输效率尽可能提高。
该接收功率可以是由接收端的天线装置反馈来的,也可以是通过测量本地电流获得。
结合第一方面,在第一方面的某些实现方式中,接收功率是根据发射端的多个传输链路上的电流得到的;或者接收功率是接收端的天线装置反馈给发射端的。前者是发射端测发射端电流从而推算出接收端的接收功率,不需要发射端与接收端之间进行信息交互。后者则是接收端告知发射端接收功率,是需要通过信息交互来实现的。
由于初始时发射端对接收端的负载电阻可能并不清楚,所以无法通过测量电流来获知,所以,在一种实现方式中,可以初始时还是采用接收端反馈接收能量的方式,后面则直接测量本地电流来判断。在另一种实现方式中,接收端负载电阻为标准的定值,这样发射端一开始就可以通过直接测量本地电流来判断接收功率。
结合第一方面,在第一方面的某些实现方式中,电近场前端包括电压放大器,电压放大器用于将待发射信号的传输电压增大。发射信号的传输电压增大可以理解为是电近场天线的发射电压增大从而使得发射信号的传输电压增大,或者可以理解为电近场天线用增大的电压来发射信号。发射端采用电压放大器,而不使用功率放大器,这种情况下,电压放大器的作用是增大电压,从而可以扩大传输范围,而不是将功率馈送到已调谐的天线上。因此,在其他条件相同的情况下,电近场天线的功耗低于现有技术中近场天线的功耗,且电压放大器的功耗低于现有技术中功率放大器的功耗,电压放大器在近场的传输效率则高于现有技术中功率放大器的传输效率,从而使得本申请实施例中的电近场通信的功耗低于现有技术中的采用电磁辐射技术的近距离通信的功耗,而传输效率则高于电磁辐射技术的近距离通信的传输效率。此外,现有技术中近场通信采用的是电磁场辐射技术,而不是本申请中电近场和磁近场分立的方式,只能从电场或磁场之一发射信号,无法同时从电近场和磁近场发射信号,而本申请实施例的近场通信可以同时从电近场和磁近场发射信号,具有更高的容量,有效提高信号或能量的传输效率。
需要说明的是,近场通信与远场通信是相对概念,而近距离通信和远距离通信是相对概念,例如近距离通信时既可以采用近场通信也可以采用远场通信,近场通信和远场通信是根据波长进行划分的,且近场通信和远场通信没有严格的划分界线,而近距离通信和远距离通信则只是根据发射端和接收端的距离远近来简单划分的,不涉及波长,电磁辐射技术就是一种不考虑近场通信还是远场通信的技术,且其技术的局限性决定了只用于实现近距离通信。
结合第一方面,在第一方面的某些实现方式中,天线装置还包括远场传输链路,远场传输链路包括远场前端和远场天线,远场前端用于将待发射信号传输给远场天线,远场天线用于发射待发射信号。
结合第一方面,在第一方面的某些实现方式中,电近场天线、磁近场天线和远场天线中的任意多种天线集成在一起。在本申请实施例中,磁近场天线、电近场天线、远场天线既可以集成到一起,也可以分别用分离的天线实现,当用分离的天线时,由于不同类型天线相互之间的信号独立,即相互干扰很小,不需要相互之间有很大的间隔,即不同类型天线之间的间隔可以小于二分之一波长,甚至小于十分之一波长,依然可以保持信号之间的独立性,这不同于空间复用或分集技术,天线之间的间隔大于二分之一波长,才能取得信号的独立性,实现多路信号并行传输。如果采用集成天线,则可以使得天线结构更为紧凑,从而减小天线模块的体积。
需要说明的是,在本申请实施例中,天线还可以采用基于液态射频材料与技术的天线结构,以达到低频超宽带的传输效果。
结合第一方面,在第一方面的某些实现方式中,处理模块还用于生成待发射能量,并将待发射能量传输给多个传输链路;上述多个传输链路则还用于发射待发射能量;处理模块还用于根据接收端的天线装置接收待发射能量的情况,调整待发射能量在多个传输链路上的能量分配。也就是说,第一方面的天线装置既能够用于传输信号也能够用于传输能量,且在用于传输能量时,同样可以通过调整能量分配来提高能量的传输效率。
第二方面,提供一种天线装置,该装置包括:多个传输链路和处理模块,其中,该多个传输链路用于接收信号或能量,多个传输链路包括至少一个电近场传输链路和至少一个磁近场传输链路,电近场传输链路包括电近场前端和电近场天线,磁近场传输链路包括磁近场前端和磁近场天线,电近场天线和磁近场天线用于接收信号或能量,电近场前端用于将电近场天线接收到的信号或能量传输给处理模块,磁近场前端用于将磁近场天线接收到的信号或能量传输给处理模块;该处理模块则用于对信号或能量进行处理。
在本申请技术方案中,可以同时从电近场传输链路和磁近场传输链路接收信号,从而可以有效提高近场通信的传输效率
需要说明的是,第一方面的天线装置对应的是发射端的天线装置,第二方面的天线装置则对应的是接收端的天线装置,因此对于天线和传输链路的改进,第二方面可以完全参照第一方面的方式,例如可以采用集成天线、还可以包括远场传输链路等。而处理模块则有所不同,发射端的天线装置的处理模块用于生成信号,接收端的天线装置处理模块则用于对接收到的信号进行处理。
结合第二方面,在第二方面的某些实现方式中,处理模块还用于将多个传输链路接收信号的接收功率反馈给发射端的天线装置,和/或用于将多个传输链路接收能量的情况反馈给发射端的天线装置。通过反馈信号的接收功率和/或能量的接收情况可以使得就发射端可以根据接收情况来适当调整发射功率或发射能量的分配,使得每个传输链路都尽可能发挥更大的作用,使得整体的传输效率尽可能更加提高。
结合第二方面,在第二方面的某些实现方式中,天线装置还可以包括远场传输链路,远场传输链路包括远场前端和远场天线,远场天线用于接收上述信号或能量,远场前端用于将上述远场天线接收到的信号或能量传输给处理模块。
结合第二方面,在第二方面的某些实现方式中,电近场天线、磁近场天线和远场天线中的任意多种天线可以集成在一起。
第三方面,提供一种通信方法,该方法包括:生成待发射信号,并将待发射信号传输给多个传输链路,以及该多个传输链路发射待发射信号。其中,该多个传输链路包括至少一个电近场传输链路和至少一个磁近场传输链路,电近场传输链路包括电近场前端和电近场天线,电近场前端用于将待发射信号传输给电近场天线,磁近场传输链路包括磁近场前端和磁近场天线,磁近场前端用于将待发射信号传输给磁近场天线,电近场天线和磁近场天线用于发射待发射信号。
可以利用第一方面的天线装置执行第三方面的任意一种实现方式的方法。
结合第三方面,在第三方面的某些实现方式中,多个传输链路可以以相同的发射频率同时发射待发射信号。
结合第三方面,在第三方面的某些实现方式中,在将待发射信号传输给多个传输链路时,可以分配待发射信号在多个传输链路上的发射功率。
结合第三方面,在第三方面的某些实现方式中,上述通信方法还可以包括调整发射功率,使得接收端的天线装置在接收待发射信号时在其多个传输链路上的接收功率的差值在预设范围内。
结合第三方面,在第三方面的某些实现方式中,接收功率是根据发射端的多个传输链路上的电流得到的;或者接收功率是接收端的天线装置反馈给发射端的。
结合第三方面,在第三方面的某些实现方式中,上述通信方法还可以包括生成待发射能量,并将待发射能量传输给多个传输链路;多个传输链路发射待发射能量;根据接收端的天线装置接收待发射能量的情况,调整发射端的天线装置的待发射能量在多个传输链路上的能量分配。
第四方面,提供一种通信方法,该方法包括:多个传输链路接收信号或能量,之后对接收到的信号或能量进行处理。其中,多个传输链路包括至少一个电近场传输链路和至少一个磁近场传输链路,电近场传输链路包括电近场前端和电近场天线,磁近场传输链路包括磁近场前端和磁近场天线,电近场天线和磁近场天线用于接收信号或能量,电近场前端用于将电近场天线接收到的信号或能量传输给处理模块,磁近场前端用于将磁近场天线接收到的信号或能量传输给处理模块。
可以利用第二方面的天线装置执行第四方面的任意一种实现方式的方法。
结合第四方面,在第四方面的某些实现方式中,上述通信方法还包括:将多个传输链路接收信号的接收功率反馈给发射端的天线装置,和/或将多个传输链路接收能量的情况反馈给发射端的天线装置。
第五方面,提供一种芯片,所述芯片包括处理器与数据接口,所述处理器通过所述数据接口读取存储器上存储的指令,执行上述第三方面或第四方面的任意一种实现方式中的方法。
可选地,作为一种实现方式,所述芯片还可以包括存储器,所述存储器中存储有指令,所述处理器用于执行所述存储器上存储的指令,当所述指令被执行时,所述处理器用于执行第三方面或第四方面的任意一种实现方式中的方法。
第六方面,提供一种计算机可读介质,该计算机可读介质存储用于设备执行的程序代 码,该程序代码包括用于执行第三方面或第四方面的任意一种实现方式中的方法。
第七方面,提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品,当该计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述第三方面或第四方面的任意一种实现方式中的方法。
第八方面,本申请提供一种天线系统,所述天线系统包括至少一个发射端天线装置和至少一个接收端天线装置,所述发射端天线装置为第一方面的任意一种实现方式的天线装置,所述接收端天线装置为第二方面的任意一种实现方式的天线装置。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例的一种天线装置的示意性结构图。
图2是几种天线的示意图。
图3是几种集成天线的示例图。
图4是本申请实施例的另一种天线装置的示意性结构图。
图5是本申请实施例的一种天线系统的示意性架构图。
图6是本申请实施例的一种天线系统的示意性结构图。
图7是本申请实施例的一种天线系统的示意性结构图。
图8是本申请实施例的天线系统的示意性结构图。
图9是本申请实施例的电近场通信的示意性电路图。
图10是本申请实施例的发射端的电近场通信的等效电路的示意图。
图11是图10所示电路的内部结构示意图。
图12是磁近场的信号传输示意图。
图13是本申请实施例的磁近场的传输链路的等效电路的示意图。
图14是本申请实施例的电偶极子天线在远场通信中的发射与接收示例图。
图15是本申请实施例的磁偶极子天线在远场通信中的发射与接收示例图。
图16是本申请实施例的远场通信的传输链路的等效电路的示意图。
图17是本申请实施例的电近场通信的电路模型示意图。
图18是本申请实施例的磁近场通信的电路模型示意图。
图19是本申请实施例的通信方法的示意性流程图。
图20是本申请实施例的通信方法的示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图,对本申请中的技术方案进行介绍。
图1是本申请实施例的一种天线装置的示意性结构图,该天线装置能够实现在电近场和磁近场辐射信号或能量的传输,也就是说,该天线装置既可以用于信号的传输(即具备通信功能),也可以用于能量的传输(即具备充电功能)。
在一些实现方式中,图1所示天线装置还可以实现远场辐射信号或能量的传输。
如图1所示,该天线装置100包括处理模块110和传输模块120。
当天线装置100用于发射信号或能量时,处理模块110用于生成待发射信号或能量,还可以用于对待发射信号进行一些处理,例如编码、调制、扰码等部分或全部的处理操作。也就是说,可以包括基带信号的统一处理,如信道编码、调制、扰码等操作,该过程可以 利用处理模块110执行。
在一些实现方式中,处理模块110还可以用于对发射功率进行分配。
在另一些实现方式中,处理模块110还可以用于根据接收端的接收情况来调整发射功率。该接收端的接收情况可以是接收端反馈的接收功率,也可以是根据在发射端本地测量得到的电流推算得到。
当天线装置100用于接收信号或能量时,处理模块110可以用于对接收到的信号或能量进行处理,例如可以将多个链路的信号或能量进行合并。
也就是说,在接收过程中,一般也可以包括基带信号的统一处理,如信道解码、解调、解扰等操作,该过程可以利用处理模块110执行。
传输模块120包括多个传输链路,例如图1中所示传输链路121至传输链路12n,其中n为大于1的正整数,每个传输链路中包括一个前端和一个天线,例如传输链路121包括前端#1和天线#1,传输链路12n包括前端#n和天线#n,前端可以理解为是天线的配套电路,可以看作是处理模块110与天线之间的衔接,用于将来自于处理模块110的信号或能量传输给天线,从而从天线辐射出去,或者用于将天线接收到的信号或能量传输给处理模块110。前端一般情况下是对模拟信号进行处理,还可以包括滤波、数模转换、模数转换等。
在一些实现方式中,上述多个传输链路中包括至少一个电近场传输链路和至少一个磁近场传输链路。电近场传输链路可以利用电近场传输信号或能量,磁近场传输链路可以利用磁近场传输信号或能量。作为一个示例,可以假设图1中传输链路121为电近场传输链路,传输链路12n为磁近场传输链路,则前端#1为电近场前端,前端#n为磁近场前端,天线#1为电近场天线,天线#n为磁近场天线。当天线装置100用于接收信号或能量时,天线#1还可以是电极。
在另一些实现方式中,该多个传输链路还可以包括远场传输链路,该远场传输链路包括远场前端和远场天线,用于在远场发射或接收能量或信号。
需要说明的是,在本申请实施例中天线模块中的一些天线也可以是电极,天线和电极都可以用于发射或接收信号或能量,只是使用上略有不同,天线需要一路接地,一路传输信号,而电极则不需要接地,二者均可适用与本申请的天线模块。
本申请实施例中的天线可以按照应用场景的不同分为电近场天线、磁近场天线和远场天线。
可选地,本申请实施例中的天线可以包括电近场天线和磁近场天线,在某些情况下还可以包括远场天线。下面结合图2对几种天线进行介绍。
图2是几种天线的示意图。如图2所示,图2中的(a)为电近场天线的一个示例,电近场天线为具有一定面积的天线,接收端的电近场天线还可以为具有一定面积的电极。当发射端相同时,接收端接收电近场信号或能量的量与正对发射端的天线的面积成线性关系,也就是说,上述面积越大,接收的电近场信号或能量越多。
图2中的(b)为磁近场天线的一个示例,磁近场天线可以是环形天线或线圈,包围的面积比较大,发射和接收磁信号的能力由通过线圈的磁通量决定,但由于磁近场天线本身是较细的线状结构,因此,磁近场天线本身的面积较小。
图2中的(c)为远场天线的一个示例,远场天线采用较细的天线制作而成,本身面 积较小,且远场天线是开放型的天线,也就是说,从一个连接端口触发,沿着天线不存在一个到达另一个连接端口的路径。
通过上述电近场天线、磁近场天线和远场天线的结构分析可以看出,电近场天线的面积较大,对于电近场的接收能力较强,但对于磁近场和远场信号的接收能力较低;磁近场天线对于磁近场的接收能力较强,但对于电近场和远场信号的接收能力较低;远场天线则对于电近场和磁近场的接收能力较低。对于三者天线之间可能存在的干扰的分析会在下文中进行介绍,在此不再展开。
可选地,本申请实施例中的天线还可以采用集成天线,该集成天线可以同时具备电近场天线、磁近场天线、远场天线中的任意多种天线的功能。下面结合图3对几种近场天线(电近场天线和/或磁近场天线)与远场天线进行集成的示例进行介绍。
图3是几种集成天线的示例图。如图3所示,图3中的(a)所示的集成天线包括远场天线的反射板和远场天线,远场天线的反射板即为图3中的(a)中带有阴影的矩形所示,也就是说,将反射板或者反射板的部分作为电近场天线,因此,图3中的(a)为电近场天线与远场天线的集成。
图3中的(b)所示的集成天线是在远场天线外围(远场天线的弱辐射方向上)围绕出磁近场天线的线圈,也就是说,图3中的(b)为磁近场天线与远场天线的集成。
图3中的(c)所示的集成天线则包括图3远场天线的反射板、远场天线和磁近场天线,可以看作是将反射板增加到图3中的(b)中,也可以看作是将磁近场天线增加到图3中的(a)中,因此,图3中的(c)所示的集成天线是按照一定顺序将电近场天线、磁近场天线和远场天线进行堆叠或嵌套得到的。
应理解,图2和图3所示的天线只是作为示例,但在实际应用中,并不限于上述形状。
在本申请实施例中,磁近场天线、电近场天线、远场天线既可以集成到一起,也可以分别用分离的天线实现,当用分离的天线时,由于不同类型天线相互之间的信号独立,即相互干扰很小,不需要相互之间有很大的间隔,即不同类型天线之间的间隔可以小于二分之一波长,甚至小于十分之一波长,依然可以保持信号之间的独立性,这不同于空间复用或分集技术,天线之间的间隔大于二分之一波长,才能取得信号的独立性,实现多路信号并行传输。如果采用集成天线,则可以使得天线结构更为紧凑,从而减小天线模块的体积。
需要说明的是,在本申请实施例中,天线还可以采用基于液态射频材料与技术的天线结构,以达到低频超宽带的传输效果。
对于图1中各个模块的具体内部结构以及电近场通信、磁近场通信、远场通信的原理等内容会在下文中详细介绍,在此不再重复。
图1所示天线装置中包括多个传输链路,且既包括电近场传输链路有包括磁近场传输链路。这种结构可以同时利用磁近场和电近场发射或接收信号或能量,因此可以有效提高信号或能量的容量,从而提高传输效率。
在现有技术中,天线装置在近场通信时只能通过电近场传输链路或磁近场传输链路发射信号,而图1所示的天线装置,能够同时从电近场传输链路和近场此信号传输链路发射或接收信号或能量,从而可以提高了信号或能量的容量,也就是说,本申请实施例的方案中,可以支持同时发送或接收不同的信号或者同时发送或接收更多的能量,从而有效提高信号或能量的传输效率。
图4是本申请实施例的另一种天线装置的示意性结构图。该天线装置100可以等同于图1所示的天线装置,可以理解为图4是将图1的传输模块120进行另一种方式的逻辑划分得到的。如图4所示,天线装置100包括处理模块110和传输模块120,传输模块120包括前端模块130和天线模块140。
由于图4只是另一种逻辑划分方式的天线装置,所以相同的逻辑模块采用了与图1相同的编号,相关内容也可以完全参照图1,为了简洁不再重复介绍。图4中的前端模块130可以看作是图1中的所有前端组成的集合,图4中的天线模块130可以看作是图1中所有天线组成的集合。
图5是本申请实施例的一种天线系统的示意性架构图,该天线系统能够实现在电近场和磁近场发射信号或能量的传输。
在一些实现方式中,图5所示天线系统还可以实现远场发射信号或能量的传输。
如图5所示,该天线系统包括发射端的天线装置100-1和接收端的天线装置100-2,其中发射端用于表示向外发射信号或能量的一端,而天线装置100-1作为发射端的天线装置,用于表示向外发射信号或能量的天线装置。需要说明的是,天线装置在发射信号或能量时一般不会定点、定向发射,因此,天线装置100-1发射的信号或能量不一定是只向天线装置100-2发射的。
接收端用于表示接收信号或能量的一端,而天线装置100-2作为接收端的天线装置,用于表示接收信号或能量的天线装置。需要说明的是,天线装置在接收信号或能量时,也不一定会定点定向接收,因此,天线装置100-2并不是只能接收来自于天线装置100-1的信号或能量。在图5中,主要以天线系统包括一个发射端天线装置100-1和一个接收端天线装置100-2为例进行介绍,但应理解,在实际情况中,一个天线系统中可以包括多个天线装置,这些天线装置中属于发射端和接收端的天线装置的数量不存在限定,且发射端的天线装置也可以作为接收端的天线装置使用,反之亦然。发射端天线装置100-1发射信号或能量并不一定只能由接收端天线装置100-2来接收。
可选地,天线装置100-1可以包括处理模块110-1和传输模块120-1,传输模块120-1中可以包括多个传输链路,每个传输链路包括一个前端和一个天线,前端可以理解为是天线的配套电路,天线则用于发射或接收信号或能量。
可选地,天线装置100-1可以包括处理模块110-1、前端模块130-1和天线模块140-1,其中,处理模块110-1可以用于生成待发射的信号或能量,还可以用于对信号或能量进行分配,前端模块130-1可以是天线模块140-1的配套电路,或者可以理解为可以是衔接处理模块110-1和天线模块140-1的处理电路;前端模块130-1中可以包括至少一个电近场前端和至少一个磁近场前端,可能还包括至少一个远场前端;天线模块140-1用于表示天线,用于发射或接收信号或能量。天线装置100-1可以将需要发送的信号或能量通过处理模块110-1进行分配之后,经过前端模块130-1的至少一个前端传输给天线模块140-1,再从天线模块140-1发射出去。
前端模块130-1中的每个前端分别与天线模块140-1的每个天线一一对应,可以看作是传输模块120-1存在两种划分方式,一种是将传输模块120-1按照传输通路划分为多个传输链路,一种是将前端和天线分别划分到前端模块130-1和天线模块140-1。
在一些实现方式中,传输模块120-1中的多个传输链路中包括电近场传输链路和磁近 场传输链路,电近场传输链路包括电近场前端和电近场天线,电近场前端用于对来自于电近场天线的信号或能量进行处理,或者用于将信号或能量传输给电近场天线,电近场天线则用于发射或接收信号或能量。磁近场传输链路包括磁近场前端和磁近场天线,磁近场前端用于对来自于磁近场天线的信号或能量进行处理,或者用于将信号或能量传输给磁近场天线,磁近场天线则用于发射或接收信号或能量。
在另外一些实现方式中,传输模块120-1中的多个传输链路还可以包括远场传输链路,远场传输链路包括远场前端和远场天线,远场前端用于对来自于远场天线的信号或能量进行处理,或者用于将信号或能量传输给远场天线,远场天线则用于发射或接收信号或能量。
可选地,天线装置100-2可以包括处理模块110-2和传输模块120-2,传输模块120-2中可以包括多个传输链路,每个传输链路包括一个前端和一个天线,前端可以理解为是天线的配套电路,天线则用于发射或接收信号或能量。
可选地,天线装置100-2可以包括处理模块110-2、前端模块130-2和天线模块140-2,其中,天线模块140-2用于表示所有天线构成的模块,用于接收来自于其他天线装置的信号或能量,以及将接收到的信号或能量传输给前端模块130-2;前端模块130-2可以是天线模块140-2的配套电路,或者可以理解为可以是衔接处理模块110-2和天线模块140-2的处理电路,用于将天线模块140-2接收到的信号或能量传输给处理模块110-2,前端模块130-2中可以包括至少一个电近场前端和至少一个磁近场前端,可能还包括至少一个远场前端;处理模块110-2可以用于对接收到的信号或能量进行处理,例如可以将从前端模块130-2的多个前端获得的信号或能量进行合并。接收端天线装置100-2可以利用天线模块140-2接收信号或能量,并将其传送给前端模块130-2,经过前端模块130-2的至少一个前端传输给处理模块140-2,由处理模块140-2进行后续处理。
在一些实现方式中,传输模块120-1中的多个传输链路中包括电近场传输链路和磁近场传输链路,电近场传输链路包括电近场前端和电近场天线,电近场前端用于对来自于电近场天线的信号或能量进行处理,或者用于将信号或能量传输给电近场天线,电近场天线则用于发射或接收信号或能量。磁近场传输链路包括磁近场前端和磁近场天线,磁近场前端用于对来自于磁近场天线的信号或能量进行处理,或者用于将信号或能量传输给磁近场天线,磁近场天线则用于发射或接收信号或能量。
在另外一些实现方式中,传输模块120-2中的多个传输链路还可以包括远场传输链路,远场传输链路包括远场前端和远场天线,远场前端用于对来自于远场天线的信号或能量进行处理,或者用于将信号或能量传输给远场天线,远场天线则用于发射或接收信号或能量。
对于图1、图4和图5中各个模块的具体内部结构以及电近场通信、磁近场通信、远场通信的原理等内容会在下文中详细介绍,在此不再重复。
天线装置100-1中的前端模块130-1同时包括电近场前端和磁近场前端,天线模块140-1中同时包括电近场天线和磁近场天线,因此,可以同时从电近场前端和磁近场前端将信号或能量传输给相连的天线,并从天线发射信号或能量。也就是说,每个电近场前端都有一个相连的电近场天线,每个磁近场前端都有一个相连的磁近场天线,形成了多个互相独立的传输链路,从而可以从多个电近场或磁近场的传输链路传输和发射信号或能量。 这种结构可以同时利用磁近场和电近场发射信号或能量,因此可以有效提高信号或能量的容量,从而提高传输效率。
天线装置100-2中的天线模块140-2中同时包括电近场天线和磁近场天线,前端模块130-2同时包括电近场前端和磁近场前端,因此,可以同时从电近场天线和磁近场天线接收信号或能量,并从与之相连的前端传输给处理模块110-2。也就是说,每个电近场前端都有一个相连的电近场天线,每个磁近场前端都有一个相连的磁近场天线,形成了多个互相独立的传输链路,从而可以从多个电近场或磁近场的传输链路接收和传输信号或能量。这种结构可以同时利用磁近场和电近场接收信号或能量,因此可以有效提高信号或能量的容量,从而提高传输效率。
在现有技术中,天线装置在近场通信时只能通过电近场传输链路或磁近场传输链路发送信号或能量,而图1、图4、图5所示的天线装置,能够同时从电近场传输链路和近场此信号传输链路发射或接收信号或能量,从而可以提高了信号或能量的容量,也就是说,本申请实施例的方案中,可以支持同时发送不同的信号或者同时发送更多的能量,从而有效提高信号或能量的传输效率。
图6是本申请实施例的一种天线系统的示意性结构图。图6可以看作是图5所示天线系统的一个示例。图6中的处理模块211可以看作是图5中处理模块110-1的一个示例,图6中的处理模块221可以看作是图5中处理模块110-2的一个示例,图6中的前端模块212可以看作是图5中前端模块130-1的一个示例,图6中的前端模块222可以看作是图5中前端模块130-2的一个示例,图6中的天线模块213可以看作是图5中天线模块140-1的一个示例,图6中的天线模块223可以看作是图5中天线模块140-2的一个示例。
图6中的天线模块和前端模块均采用了虚线框表示,利用虚线框代替实线没有其他特殊含义,仅仅为了使得图6更为清晰。
如图6所示,前端模块212包括多个电近场前端、多个磁近场前端和多个远场前端,在图6中用212-A1至212-An A表示电近场前端,用212-B1至212-Bn B表示磁近场前端,用212-C1至212-Cn C表示远场前端,其中n A、n B和n C均为正整数,A、B和C用于区分三类前端,1-n A、1-n B和1-n C分别为三类前端的编号。与之类似,前端模块222包括多个电近场前端、多个磁近场前端和多个远场前端,在图6中用222-A1至222-An A表示电近场前端,用222-B1至222-Bn B表示磁近场前端,用222-C1至222-Cn C表示远场前端,其中n A、n B和n C均为正整数,A、B和C用于区分三类前端,1-n A、1-n B和1-n C分别为三类前端的编号。
如图6所示,天线模块213包括多个电近场天线、多个磁近场天线和多个远场天线,天线模块213中的天线与前端模块212中的前端存在一一对应的关系。在图6中用213-A1至213-An A表示电近场天线,用213-B1至213-Bn B表示磁近场天线,用213-C1至213-Cn C表示远场天线,其中n A、n B和n C均为正整数,A、B和C用于区分三类天线,1-n A、1-n B和1-n C分别为三类天线的编号。与之类似,天线模块223包括多个电近场天线、多个磁近场天线和多个远场天线,天线模块223中的天线与前端模块222中的前端存在一一对应的关系。在图6中用223-A1至223-An A表示电近场天线,用223-B1至223-Bn B表示磁近场天线,用223-C1至223-Cn C表示远场天线,其中n A、n B和n C均为正整数,A、B和C用于区分三类天线,1-n A、1-n B和1-n C分别为三类天线的编号。
需要说明的是,在本申请实施例中天线和前端是一一对应的关系,一个天线和一个前端可以看作是一条传输链路,传输链路可以理解为对天线待发射或接收的信号或能量进行处理的模块,例如可以是信号处理电路,例如传输链路可以进行模拟信号的处理,可能包括数模或模数转换、滤波、混频、阻抗匹配等单元。而天线可以进行电磁场向开放空间的发送或者从开放空间接收电磁场,因此,发送和接收信号或能量不是定点发送,也不是定点接收,也就是说,不指定发送给哪个天线装置,也不指定接收哪个天线装置的信号或能量。
在发射过程中,一般可以包括基带信号的统一处理,如信道编码、调制、扰码等操作,该过程可以利用处理模块211执行。
在接收过程中,一般也可以包括基带信号的统一处理,如信道解码、解调、解扰等操作,该过程可以利用处理模块212执行。但应理解,上述模块的划分只是逻辑划分,所以上述对基带信号的统一处理也可以是独立的模块来执行。
可选地,处理模块211可以根据电磁场的传输状况来分配各个前端上的发射功率或能量,包括可能关闭部分链路的传输。
通过对发射功率进行分配可以使得整体的传输效率尽可能提高,例如在适合远场通信场景中,可以使得分配到电近场传输链路和磁近场传输链路上的功率的占比较小,而分配到远场传输链路上的功率的占比较大;又例如,在适合电近场通信的场景中,可以使得分配到电近场传输链路上的占比较大,而其他传输链路上的占比较小。
还应理解,还可以将某个或多个传输链路上分配0功率,也就是不给某些传输链路分配发射功率,此时相当于关闭了这些传输链路。在一个例子中,多个传输链路包括一个电近场传输链路和一个磁近场传输链路,假设给电近场传输链路分配的功率为0,则相当于只利用磁近场传输链路传输信号或能量,如果只给电近场传输链路分配功率或只给磁近场传输链路分配功率,则相当于实现了电近场传输链路和磁近场传输链路之间的切换。如果多个传输链路中包括至少一个电近场传输链路、至少一个磁近场传输链路和至少一个远场传输链路,则在分配功率时,可能会出现只选择其中一种或两种传输链路的情况,相当于实现了传输链路之间的自动切换。应理解,在本申请实施例中,这种切换是随着分配功率不断进行和变化的,不是硬性的开关式的切换,因此更加灵活和适用。
在另一些实现方式中,处理模块211还可以用于根据接收端的接收情况来调整发射功率。该接收端的接收情况可以是接收端反馈的接收功率,也可以是根据在发射端本地测量得到的电流推算得到。通过对发射功率进行调整可以使得整体的传输效率尽可能提高,例如在适合远场通信场景中,可以减少分配到电近场传输链路和磁近场传输链路上的功率,甚至不分配功率到这两种传输链路上,而增大远场传输链路上的功率;又例如,在适合电近场通信的场景中,可以增大分配到电近场传输链路上的功率。上述适合哪些场景是可以根据接收情况获知的,所以根据接收情况来调整功率分配就已经能够实现根据不同场景来切换传输链路,且比硬性切换更为准确和灵活。
可选地,处理模块221可以将来自于多个前端的信号或能量进行合并。
在本申请实施例中,近场通信包括电近场通信和磁近场通信,也就是说,在近场通信中,可以同时利用电近场和磁近场进行信号或能量的传输,使得传输容量增大,从而提高了传输效率。
图7是本申请实施例的一种天线系统的示意性结构图。图7可以看作是对应图1的逻辑划分方式下的天线系统结构的一个示例,图7中的天线装置的传输模块包括多个传输链路,该多个传输链路(在图7中示出了传输链路214-A1、214-B1、214-C1以及224-A1、224-B1、224-C1)可以看做是图1中的多个传输链路的示例。如图7所示,传输链路214-A1包括电近场前端212-A1和电近场天线213-A1,传输链路214-B1包括电近场前端212-B1和电近场天线213-B1,传输链路224-A1包括电近场前端222-A1和电近场天线223-A1,传输链路224-B1包括电近场前端222-B1和电近场天线223-B1。为了简洁,对于图7其他部分内容可以完全参照图6和图1的相关介绍,不再重复。
图8是本申请实施例的天线系统的示意性结构图。图8与图6的大部分组成均相同,对于相同的部分不再重复介绍,图8与图6的区别在于图8所示天线模块213和天线模块223中包括了集成天线,该集成天线为同时具备电近场天线、磁近场天线、远场天线功能的天线,图3中的(c)所示的集成天线可以作为图8中的集成天线的一个示例。如图8所示,天线模块213包括集成天线213-1至集成天线213-n,其中n为集成天线的顺序编号,前端模块212中的各个前端可以参照图6的介绍,可以看做是图6中n A、n B和n C相等的一个特例。图8中每个前端依然会与集成天线中的一路对应,例如电近场前端212-A1与集成天线213-1中的电近场天线部分对应,如果以图3中的(c)为例,则电近场前端212-A1与集成天线213-1中的反射板对应,对于其他不在一一列举。
天线模块223的介绍可以参照天线模块213,此外,天线模块223中,电近场天线同样可以采用电极替代。图8采用了集成天线,可以使得天线结构更为紧凑,减小天线模块的体积,以及减小了天线装置的体积。
图9是本申请实施例的电近场通信的示意性电路图。在本申请实施例中,电近场通信(即电近场的信号传输),是基于电容耦合的方式来实现的。电容耦合可以称之为电场耦合或静电耦合,是由于分布电容的存在而产生的一种耦合方式。而输出端则使用电压放大器,而不是传统的电磁辐射技术中使用的功率放大器。通过局部电场进行调制,传输介质可以是任何介电材料。该介电材料例如可以是空气、人体等等,也就是发射端和接收端天线之间的任意介电材料。例如,信号可以通过人体等电位表面传输。可以感应电场的变化并恢复传输的数据。这样的电近场具有任意高灵敏度,且仅受热和电流噪声限制,不会消散电磁能,从而可以大大降低发射端的天线装置在近场通信过程中的功耗,使其适用于超低功率短距离通信,并在未使用的频谱(电场频谱)中运行。此外,在电近场中,发射端天线(即发射端的电近场天线)与接收端天线(即接收端的电近场天线或电极)的外形设计可以具有高度灵活性。接收端的接收信号强度与发射端的发射电压成线性比例关系,与接收端的天线模块中天线的面积成线性比例,与发射端的天线模块中的天线长度成线性关系。
图9中包括发射端的天线装置的等效电路(为了简洁,在图9的下面内容中用“发射端”代替)和接收端的天线装置的等效电路(为了简洁,在图9的下面内容中用“接收端”代替),二者之间由传输介质(此处为任意介电材料)形成了电容耦合,在图9中用虚线电容符号表示,即图9中的电容C。发射端包括编码模块、调制模块、电压放大器和天线A,编码模块和调制模块可以将待传输的数据进行一定处理,使得传输质量更高,二者属于处理模块的组成部分,电压放大器则是电近场前端的组成部分。接收端包括天线B(天 线B可以是电极)、电阻Rin、电容Cin、运算放大器B、解调模块和解码模块,其中,电阻Rin、电容Cin和运算放大器B是电近场前端的组成部分,解调模块和解码模块则属于处理模块的组成部分。
需要说明的是,在图9中主要以天线A为电近场天线,天线B为电极为例进行介绍。
如图9所示,数据A(例如图示010011)经过编码模块进行编码、调制模块进行调制之后输入到电压放大器,放大后的信号或能量经过天线A发射出去,经过电容C耦合到天线B,然后经过电阻Rin和电容Cin输入到运算放大器B,之后经过解调模块的解调、解码模块的解码之后得到数据B,如果传输的数据正确,则数据B与数据A的内容相同。
采用电近场通信具有很多优点,例如天线的大小不受信号波长的限制,因此可以将电近场天线设计成为任意形状或大小,从而可以进一步小型化。天线长度可以比波长小得多,例如发射或接收10兆赫兹(megahertz,MHz)的信号,波长可以为30米,但在电近场通信时,发射端的电近场天线尺寸只需要达到直径1厘米即可,而接收端的电极则同样可以是厘米级的尺寸。采用电近场通信还不会有明显的电磁功率,需要消耗的功率仅仅与发射天线的自电容有关。此外,在电近场通信时,发射端采用的是电压放大器,而没有使用功率放大器,电压放大器的作用是增大电压,从而可以扩大传输范围,而不是将功率馈送到已调谐的天线上。因此,在其他条件相同的情况下,电近场天线的功耗低于现有技术中近场天线的功耗,且电压放大器的功耗低于现有技术中功率放大器的功耗,从而使得本申请实施例中的电近场通信的功耗远低于现有技术中的采用电磁辐射技术的近距离通信的功耗。
对于上面所涉及的传输介质(发射端与接收端之间的介电材料)进行如下解释。在电近场通信中,传输介质可以是任意的介电材料,例如空气或者人体等电位表面等,而且该传输介质能够形成发射端与接收端之间的电容耦合。
在一些实现方式中,在接收端可以增加正反馈来感应电场的变化并恢复传输的数据,加入正反馈可以使得接收端天线装置具有任意高灵敏度,且仅受热和电流噪声限制。如图9所示,该正反馈设置在运算放大器B的正输入端和输出端之间,运算放大器B的负输入端与其输出端相连,运算放大器B的正输入端与电阻Rin和电容Cin的第一端相连,电阻Rin和电容Cin的第二端均接地。应理解,在图9方案中,可以去掉正反馈部分,依然可以达到降低功耗和提高传输效率的技术效果,但增加正反馈则可以进一步提高灵敏度。也就是说,接收端的电近场传输链路不需要使用正反馈,就已经达到降低功耗和提高传输效率的技术效果,而正反馈则是在此基础上可以使得灵敏度提高。可选地,可以采用超大规模集成互补金属氧化物半导体(very large-scale integration complementary metal oxide semiconductor,VLSI CMOS)工艺得到的元器件等来设计本申请实施例的天线装置,从而能够使得功耗进一步降低。
由于接收信号强度与发射电压成线性比例关系,与接收端的天线或电极的面积成线性比例关系,因此,可以根据信号强度的需求去确定天线的长度或面积,以及形状。如果接收端的天线是在印刷电路板(printed circuit board)上的几何形状的布线,则接收信号的强度还可以与接收端天线的长度成线性关系,这是因为,PCB上的布线相对较窄,且可以采用相同宽度的布线,所以天线的面积与长度成固定比例关系。
下面结合图10和图11对图9中的发射端的天线装置进行介绍。图10是本申请实施 例的发射端的电近场通信的等效电路的示意图。如图10所示,将图9中的电压放大器和天线A部分放大,可以得到电近场前端和天线的示意图。图10中的输出模块可以看作是电近场前端的等效电路,天线部分可以看作是电近场天线的等效电路。电近场天线的等效电路如图10中的虚线框内所示,也就是说,在输出电压两端之间串联了一个电容和一个电阻,图10中的V Tx用于表示输出电压,C Tx和R R分别表示电近场天线的电容和电阻。
在电近场通信过程中的功耗为电压放大器的功耗与电近场天线的功耗之和,或者可以理解为,电近场前端的功耗加上电近场天线的功耗即为电近场通信过程中传输链路的功耗。电压放大器的等效电路可以参照图11。
图11是图10所示电路的内部结构示意图。图11中左侧框内为放大器的等效电路,右侧框内为电近场天线的等效电路,电近场天线的等效电路在图10中已经介绍,不再重复。如图11所示,电压放大器两端V1和V2之间连接有一个N型金属氧化物半导体(negative channel metal oxide semiconductor,NMOS)管和一个P型金属氧化物半导体(positive channel metal oxide semiconductor,PMOS)管。其中,NMOS的漏极d与V1连接,NMOS的栅极g与PMOS的栅极g连接,NMOS的源极s与PMOS的漏极d连接,PMOS的源极s与V2连接,天线A的一端与NMOS的源极s以及PMOS的漏极d连接。应理解,图11示出的是一种常见的电压放大器的电路结构的示例,是典型的逆变器结构,本领域技术人员也可以按照实际需求采用其他形同或相似的电路结构,在此不再一一列举。
如上文所述,在其他条件相同的情况下,电近场天线的功耗低于现有技术中近场天线的功耗,且电压放大器的功耗低于现有技术中功率放大器的功耗,电压放大器在近场的传输效率则高于现有技术中功率放大器的传输效率,从而使得本申请实施例中的电近场通信的功耗低于现有技术中的采用电磁辐射技术的近距离通信的功耗,而传输效率则高于电磁辐射技术的近距离通信的传输效率。此外,现有技术中近场通信采用的是电磁场辐射技术,而不是本申请中电近场和磁近场分立的方式,只能从电场或磁场之一发射信号,无法同时从电近场和磁近场发射信号,而本申请实施例的近场通信可以同时从电近场和磁近场发射信号,具有更高的容量,有效提高信号或能量的传输效率。
需要说明的是,近场通信与远场通信是相对概念,而近距离通信和远距离通信是相对概念,例如近距离通信时既可以采用近场通信也可以采用远场通信,近场通信和远场通信是根据波长进行划分的,且近场通信和远场通信没有严格的划分界线,而近距离通信和远距离通信则只是根据发射端和接收端的距离远近来简单划分的,不涉及波长,电磁辐射技术就是一种不考虑近场通信还是远场通信的技术,且其技术的局限性决定了只用于实现近距离通信。
上文结合图9-图11介绍电近场通信的相关结构和原理,下面结合图12-图13对磁近场通信进行介绍。
图12是磁近场的信号传输示意图。如图12所示发射端天线和接收端天线均可以采用环形线圈,发射信号从发射端天线输入之后,经过磁场传输到接收端天线,经接收端接收成为接收信号。图12中的带箭头的虚线圆环和虚直线均表示磁力线,两个天线线圈在同一水平线的时候磁力线方向如图12中(a)所示,两个线圈相对的时候磁力线方向如图12中的(b)所示。
需要说明的是,磁近场通信是基于电感耦合的方式来实现的。发射天线通常是环形天线,其形状可以是圆环或方环,图12所示为圆环。为了增强耦合效果,可以使用多匝线圈,形成多层环形天线。接收天线大多也使用环形天线或线圈,但也可以使用磁场传感器,比如霍尔磁场传感器、量子磁场传感器,从而获得超越普通线圈的灵敏度,实现较远距离的磁近场通信。在使用环形天线或线圈的情况下,为了增强耦合,需要天线线圈所包围的面积尽可能大,这样会有较多的共同磁力线穿过发射天线和接收天线,形成较强的互感。为了进一步增大磁近场的传输距离,还可以使用电感-电容共振的方法,即磁近场前端会包括与磁近场天线并联的电容,构成电感-电容振荡。振荡的中心频率f 0=1/[2π*sqrt(LC)]表示承载信号的频率,其中L和C分别表示磁近场天线的电感,以及并联的电容。这个电容可以是可调的。这样可以根据需要改变传输的中心频率。通常电感-电容谐振电路上会有电阻,可以影响每次振荡之后发射端剩余的能量以及接收端收到的能量,用品质因子表示为Q=R/(2πf 0L)。品质因子影响的是传输距离以及通信带宽,品质因子Q越大,传输距离越大,但是通信带宽越小,因为通信带宽可以表示为B=f 0/Q,即通信带宽B为中心频率与品质因子的商。因此为了调节传输距离,可以跟电容串联上一个可调电阻,因此基本结构如图10所示。实际为了进一步提升性能,比如为了增大传输距离,可能会在前端增加信号的放大器、滤波器以及额外的谐振器件。
需要说明的是,图12与图13中的天线均指磁近场天线,为了简洁称之为天线,但应理解在此处特指磁近场天线。
图13是本申请实施例的磁近场的传输链路的等效电路的示意图。如图13所示,磁近场前端包括可调电容C1和可调电阻R1,磁近场天线则用多匝线圈表示。在实际场景中,来自于处理模块的信号或能量可以通过磁近场前端输入到磁近场天线,然后从磁近场天线发射出去,而从磁近场天线接收到的信号或能量也可以通过磁近场前端输入到处理模块。可调电容和可调电阻则可以用于调整谐振频率。
上面主要结合图12至图13介绍了磁近场通信,下面结合图14至图16对远场通信进行介绍。与磁近场通信相似,本领域技术人员可以根据实际需求选择任意的远场天线来应用到本申请实施例中,因此,为了简洁,在本申请实施例中,只以远场天线为偶极子天线为例简单介绍,不再介绍其他远场天线。偶极子天线是非常基础的远场天线的一种,偶极子天线包括电偶极子天线和磁偶极子天线。目前,基于这两种偶极子天线的基本工作原理,研究者已经设计出很多种更加复杂的天线,以满足频率、带宽、波束方向等多样化的需求。这里用这两种天线为例,做基本原理的描述,具体的天线设计不做限定。图14和图16分别展示了一定情况下电偶极子天线和磁偶极子天线远场发射和接收原理。图14是本申请实施例的电偶极子天线在远场通信中的发射与接收示例图,图18是本申请实施例的磁偶极子天线在远场通信中的发射与接收示例图。从图17和图18可以看出,发射端天线具有不同的发射方向,且只有沿一定方向的远场发射能够被某个接收端天线接收。应理解,图14-图16中的发射端天线即为发射端的远场天线,接收端天线即为接收端的远场天线。
图16是本申请实施例的远场通信的传输链路的等效电路的示意图。其中,图16中的(a)示出了电偶极子天线所在传输链路的等效电路,图16中的(b)示出了磁偶极子天线所在传输链路的等效电路,或者可以理解为(a)示出的是远场电场的等效电路,(b)示出的是远场磁场的等效电路。从图16可以看出,远场电场(即图16的(a))中,相 当于在电偶极子天线的前端(远场前端的一个例子)的两端串联了一个电阻、一个电容和一个电感。而在远场磁场(即图16的(b))中,相当于在磁偶极子天线的前端(远场前端的另一个例子)的两端并联了一个电阻、一个电容和一个电感。由于天线的发射能力由发射阻抗表示,而谐振频率则由电容和电感决定。电感和电容是可以调节的,因此谐振频率也是可调的。
上文主要结合各图对本申请实施例的天线装置的整体模块组成和结构以及分别对电近场通信、磁近场通信和远场通信进行了介绍,且上文也提到可以利用处理模块来分配能量或功率,下面对该部分内容进行详细介绍。
在本申请实施例中,可以从电近场、磁近场、远场电磁场三者中的任意两个或三个同时发送信号或能量,但这会存在一定的互相干扰的问题,例如,一种可能的方法是发射端的处理模块将信号分成三份,分别发送到磁近场传输链路、电近场传输链路和远场传输链路。这里每一个传输链路发射的信号位于相同的频段,或者说频段有重叠。接收端的磁近场传输链路、电近场传输链路和远场传输链路都会各自收到三路信号,比如,磁近场传输链路应当只接收磁近场,电近场传输链路应当只接收电近场信号,远场传输链路应当只接收远场信号。但是,除了本身链路的信号外,实际上也会收到其余两个链路的信号,而且因为频段相同或重叠,会存在潜在的干扰下面对该干扰进行分析。
假设发射端的电近场信号、磁近场信号、远场发射信号分别用Te、Tm和Tx表示,接收端的电近场信号、磁近场信号、远场发射信号分别用Re、Rm和Rx表示。
首先看Te的接收情况。上面提到,电近场信号的耦合强度主要取决于发射端和接收端之间的电容。在发射端相同的情况下,接收信号的强度主要由接收端电近场天线(或电极)正对发射天线的面积决定。如上文所述,接收端的电近场天线是一个有一定面积的电极,磁近场天线是环形天线或线圈,包围的面积较大,但是天线体本身的面积较小。因为通常导线较细,而远场天线可以使用较细的天线体,可以降低面积,这样由于电近场天线的面积远大于磁近场天线和远场天线,因此Te在磁近场链路和远场链路上接收到的信号强度(分别记为Rme和Rxe)远低于Re,即Rme<<Re,Rxe<<Re。
下面举例说明,假设接收端的电近场天线是一个直径2厘米的圆盘,也就是说,电近场天线的面积为π平方厘米,磁近场天线是一个直径1~1.4厘米的5匝圆环形天线,每匝间隔0.05厘米,远场天线是一个偶极子天线,每一边的长度为10厘米,宽度0.05厘米,传输频率为40MHz。根据面积关系大致推算电近场信号在电近场天线上的电容耦合强度分别是在磁近场天线和远场天线上耦合强度的约13倍和3倍。进一步地,由于磁近场天线通常是一个闭合回路,电容耦合产生的电势在磁近场天线的各处不能形成明显的电势差,并不能直接形成干扰信号,只有天线不同位置微弱的感应电势差会最终形成干扰信号,只占耦合能量的很小的比例,取决于天线不同位置的耦合差异,对于在远场天线上的接收干扰也是类似的,因此电近场产生的干扰信号远低于电近场天线接收到的信号。电近场天线也会发射出少量的信号,但通常由于尺寸不匹配,比如上面例子当中,电近场天线尺寸远小于远场天线,因此电近场信号发射到远场天线上的比例几乎非常小。
然后看Tm的接收。磁近场信号的耦合强度主要取决于共同磁通量,即互感系数。通常电近场天线不存在馈入到接收信号的闭合回路,因此电近场天线接收到的感应信号(即磁近场信号)非常低。对于远场天线,一般需要使用开放型的天线,或者用闭合面积远小 于磁近场天线的天线。开放型的天线是指从馈线口一个连接端口出发,沿着天线体不存在一个到达另一个连接端口的路径,如图2中的(c)所示的远场天线,因此接收到的感应信号也非常低。因此Rem<<Rm,Rxm<<Rm,其中Rem和Rxm分别是电近场天线和远场天线接收到的来自磁近场天线发射的磁近场信号。
对于Tx的接收,首先电近场天线或磁近场天线的有效电尺寸小于接收端的远场天线,如上述例子,电近场天线和磁近场天线的尺寸分别为2厘米和1.4厘米,而远场天线的尺寸为20厘米,因此在电近场天线的接收信号Rex和在磁近场天线的接收信号Rmx都远低于在远场天线的接收信号Rx,即Rex<<Rx,Rmx<<Rx。
因此当发射端有远场天线、电近场天线和磁近场天线同时分别发射信号Tx、Te和Tm时,接收端的远场天线、电近场天线和磁近场天线的接收信号干扰比(简称信干比)分别为Rx/(Rxe+Rxm)、Re/(Rem+Rex)、Rm/(Rme+Rmx),如前所述Rme<<Re,Rxe<<Re,Rem<<Rm,Rxm<<Rm,Rex<<Rx,Rmx<<Rx,因此并不能确保各个信干比足够小,因此还需要附加条件,使得Rx、Re和Rm比较接近,比如差异控制在一定的阈值之内。这样就可以确保各传输链路都取得较高的信干比,从而具备较好的信号或能量容量。
也就是说,可以通过使得Rx、Re和Rm比较接近来使得信干比较小。
为了让Rx、Re和Rm比较接近,可以根据初始的各天线的接收信号功率情况来调整发射信号功率Tx、Te和Tm,使得Rx、Re和Rm在阈值范围之内。具体而言,对于远场信号和电近场信号或磁近场信号,接收端可以把测量的功率反馈给发射端,发射端根据反馈的接收功率信号来相应调整发射信号功率。上述步骤可以利用接收端的天线装置的处理模块和发射端的天线装置的处理模块来执行。
对于电近场信号或磁近场信号,由于耦合作用,也可以直接测量发射端本地电流来了解接收信号功率情况,从而根据情况相应调整发射信号功率Tx、Te和Tm。上述步骤可以利用接收端的天线装置的处理模块和发射端的天线装置的处理模块来执行。
电近场信号的收发情况可以用电路模型来分析,下面结合图17进行介绍。图7是本申请实施例的电近场通信的电路模型示意图。如图17所示,发射端和接收端通过电容耦合来实现信号传输,耦合电容假设为C,接收负载电阻为Rr,电流为Ir,发射端发射信号的电压为V,电流为I,发射端正负极到地的电阻分别为Rt1和Rt2,电流分别为Ir1和Ir2,则Vr=Ir*Rr,It1*Rt1=Ir*(1/(jωC)+Rr),Ir=It2-It1,其中信号频率为ω。通过检测本地电流It1的大小变化可以估算出电容C的大小变化(C=1/{jω[It1*Rt1/(It2-It1)]-Rr})与通信距离的变化对应,即It1变大则C变小,意味着距离变大,此时耦合到接收端的功率下降。
对于初始情况,初始时接收端还没有反馈,因此发射端对接收端负载电阻Rr可能并不清楚。在一种实现方式中,可以初始时还是采用接收端反馈接收能量的方式,后面则直接测量本地电流来判断。在另一种实现方式中,接收端负载电阻为标准的定值,这样发射端一开始就可以通过直接测量本地电流来判断接收功率。
磁近场信号的收发也可以类似地用电路模型来分析,下面结合图18进行介绍。图18是本申请实施例的磁近场通信的电路模型示意图。如图18所示,发射端的电容、电感和电阻分别是Ct、Lt和Rt,接收端的电容、电感和电阻分别是Cr、Lr和Rr,发射端信号电压为V,收发互感为M,则根据图18所示电路图可以得到:Ir(Rr+jωLr+1/(jωCr))=jωMIt,V=It(jωLt+1/(jωCt)+Rt)-jωMIr。
在满足谐振的时候jωLr=-1/(jωCr),jωLt=-1/(jωCt),因此上述两个式子可写成:Ir*Rr=jωMIt,V=It*Rt-jωMIr。可得(ωM)2=V*Rr/(It2Rt)。
通过检测本地电流It的大小变化即可估算互感M的大小变化(即M=1/ω*sqrt[V*Rr/(It2Rt)])与通信距离的变化对应,即It变大则M变小,即距离变大,耦合到接收端的能量下降。
初始时发射端对接收端负载电阻Rr可能并不清楚,在一种实现方式中,可以初始时还是采用接收端反馈接收能量的方式,后面则直接测量本地电流来判断。在另一种实现方式中,接收端负载电阻为标准的定值,这样发射端一开始就可以通过直接测量本地电流来判断接收功率。
调整发射功率的方法可以是让接收功率较低的传输链路对应的发射信号传输链路的功率变大,也可以让接收功率较高的传输链路对应的发射信号传输链路的功率变小。因此,相当于使得每个传输链路都尽可能发挥较大的作用,从而使得整体的传输效率尽可能提高。
以上分析是基于同时存在远场、电近场和磁近场三个链路(包括对应的发射和接收天线)的情况下分析的,如果仅存在其中两种链路,比如远场和电近场,或远场和磁近场,或电近场和磁近场的情况下,方法也是类似的,为了简洁不再重复介绍。
有的时候,一种或多种链路包含有多条子链路,例如图4和图5所示多个电近场传输链路、多个磁近场传输链路和多个远场传输链路。通过多入多出的技术实现容量倍增。这时候需要调整的发射功率是多条子链路的总发射功率。
发射端的处理模块可以根据各种链路的数据率及发射功率的差异来决定是否关闭部分链路,以达到较佳的能量效率。比如远场链路发射功率为Px,数据率为Dx,磁近场链路发射功率为Pm,数据率为Dm,总的数据率为D=(Dx+Dm),在一定的发射功率情况下,会有一个对应的功率,由于放大器非线性以及一些器件的固定功率影响,链路的功率与发射功率往往不是正比的关系,但还是可以根据发射功率得到发射功率。假设这里得到远场链路和磁近场链路的发射功率分别为Px’和Pm’。当远场链路数据率从Dx增大至Dx’时,远场链路功率增大至Px”,若保持总功率一致,磁近场链路功率降低到[Pm’-(Px”-Px’)],此时对应的数据率为Dm’,总的数据率为D’=(Dx’+Dm’)。若磁近场数据率从Dm增大至Dm”,磁近场链路功率增大至Pm”,若保持总功率一致,远场链路功率降低到[Px’-(Pm”-Pm’)],此时对应的数据率为Dx”,总的数据率为D”=(Dx”+Dm”)。比较D、D’和D”的数值,选择数据率最高的情况,即如果D’最大,则增大远场发射功率,降低磁近场发射功率,如果D”最大,则降低远场发射功率,增大磁近场发射功率,如果D最大,则不需要额外操作。在这里面,如果[Pm’-(Px”-Px’)]<0,则只能设置Pm’-(Px”-Px’)=0,磁近场链路关闭,数据率Dm’=0,远场链路功率Px”=Px’+Pm’,考察此时对应的数据率D’=Dx’。同样,如果[Px’-(Pm”-Pm’)]<0,则只能设置Pm’-(Px”-Px’)=0,远场链路关闭,数据率Dx’=0,磁近场链路功率Pm”=Px’+Pm’,考察此时对应的数据率D”=Dm’。比较D、D’和D”,如果D’最大,则增大远场发射功率,关闭磁近场链路,如果D”最大,则关闭远场链路,增大磁近场发射功率,如果D最大,则不需要额外操作。一般地,有远场链路、磁近场链路和电近场链路三种情况,考察各种链路对应的发射功率和数据率,如果增大其中一种链路的发射功率,同时相应降低另一种链路的发射功率,并且由发射功率推 算对应的数据率,数据率是增加的,则采用这样的操作,否则不采用这样的操作,如果发射功率降到0或者一个阈值(通常是发射机规定的一个最低发射功率对应的功率值),则意味着关闭这种链路。前面根据功率推算数据率的方法是,当前数据率与变动后的数据率的解调门限差异,即为功率变化的差值。比如调制方式从正交相移键控(quadrature phase shift keying,QPSK)变成正交振幅调制(quadrature amplitude modulation,QAM),例如,解调门限需要提升6dB,则发射功率需要增加6dB,假如功率需要增加8dB,而数据率变成2倍。
在一些实现方式中,对于电近场通信或磁近场通信,由于发射端可以根据测量的本地电流推算出接收功率,因此当本地电流高于阈值时,判断不适合近场通信,则关闭本链路,打开其它链路,比如打开远场链路,进行远场通信。而远场通信一般依靠接收端的反馈来获知接收功率信号,因此如果接收端的接收功率高于阈值时,判断可以使用近场通信,则可以打开磁或电近场通信链路,关闭远场链路。
上述在发射端将信号分成多份在不同种类的传输链路上发射,类似现有无线通信机制,如果至少存在两份不同的信号,则通过不同的近场链路,或者远近场链路实现了复用,如果是相同的信号,则通过不同的近场链路,或者远近场链路实现了分集。复用可以增大信道容量,分集则提高了接收信号质量。
前面描述的是信号传输的过程,也可以利用同样的硬件架构来实现能量的传输。也就是说,可以利用上文任意一种天线装置或天线系统来传输能量。不同的是,能量的传输不需要考虑干扰问题,也不是追求数据率更高,而是能量传输效率更高。如前所述,发射端可以根据接收端的反馈或者根据发射端的电流的来推算接收端的功率。设远场链路、电近场链路和磁近场链路的发射功耗分别为Px、Pe和Pm,接收功率分别为Rx、Re和Rm。可以采用探测法,通常选择功率效率最低的链路,降低其发射功耗,增加功率效率最高的链路的发射功耗。这里远场链路、电近场链路和磁近场链路的功率效率分别为ηx=Px/Rx,ηe=Pe/Re,ηm=Pm/Rm。假设ηx效率最低,则将远场链路发射功耗降低Δx,而ηm效率最高,则将磁近场发射功耗提高Δx。再根据接收端反馈或者本地电流的测量来推算接收端功率,考察总的接收功率是否有提升,如果有提升,则更新功率分配,否则保持原来的功率分配。进一步的,如果提升幅度高于阈值,则继续上述过程,否则只进行一次功率更新。注意这里所述发射功耗不同于发射功率,因为存在放大器非线性和器件固定消耗,两者一般不是线性关系。当上述功率分配在某一种链路低于阈值时,则可以关闭该链路的传输。
上述发射功耗可以理解为发射能量。
上文主要对天线装置进行了介绍,下面对于再利用上文所述天线装置进行通信的方法进行介绍,由于在上文中也穿插介绍了天线装置工作时的一些方法,因此为了简洁,会有部分内容的省略,省略的内容可以参照上文相关内容。
图19是本申请实施例的通信方法的示意性流程图。图19主要是对发射端的天线装置的通信方法进行介绍,因该发射端的天线装置可以是上文任意一种天线装置。因此可以利用上文任意一种发射端的天线装置执行图19的各个步骤。下面对图19各个步骤进行介绍。
1901、生成待发射信号,并将其传输给多个传输链路。
可以利用上文中发射端的天线装置的处理模块执行步骤1901。
待发射信号可以理解为已经经过一定处理的信号。例如上文所述,可以利用处理模块进行编码、调制等处理后得到待发射信号,或者进行一定处理之后得到待发射的能量。
每个传输链路包括一个前端和一个天线,也就是说,一个天线以及其配套电路构成一条传输通路。
在一些实现方式中,多个传输链路中可以包括至少一个电近场传输链路和至少一个磁近场传输链路。在这种情况下,可以从电近场和电磁场同时发送相同或不同的信号,提高了信号或能量的传输容量,因此可以提高传输效率。
可选地,可以以相同的频率(即相同的发射频率)同时从电近场传输链路和磁近场传输链路发送信号或能量。
在一些实现方式中,在将待发射信号传输给多个传输链路时,可以分配待发射信号在多个传输链路上的发射功率。
通过对发射功率进行分配可以使得整体的传输效率尽可能提高,例如在适合远场通信场景中,可以使得分配到电近场传输链路和磁近场传输链路上的功率的占比较小,而分配到远场传输链路上的功率的占比较大;又例如,在适合电近场通信的场景中,可以使得分配到电近场传输链路上的占比较大,而其他传输链路上的占比较小。
还应理解,还可以将某个或多个传输链路上分配0功率,也就是不给某些传输链路分配发射功率,此时相当于关闭了这些传输链路。在一个例子中,多个传输链路包括一个电近场传输链路和一个磁近场传输链路,假设给电近场传输链路分配的功率为0,则相当于只利用磁近场传输链路传输信号或能量,如果只给电近场传输链路分配功率或只给磁近场传输链路分配功率,则相当于实现了电近场传输链路和磁近场传输链路之间的切换。如果多个传输链路中包括至少一个电近场传输链路、至少一个磁近场传输链路和至少一个远场传输链路,则在分配功率时,可能会出现只选择其中一种或两种传输链路的情况,相当于实现了传输链路之间的自动切换。应理解,在本申请实施例中,这种切换是随着分配功率不断进行和变化的,不是硬性的开关式的切换,因此更加灵活和适用。
可选地,还可以根据接收功率,调整发射功率,使得接收端的天线装置在接收待发射信号时在其多个传输链路上的接收功率的差值在预设范围内。也就是说,通过调整发射端的发射功率来使得接收端的传输链路上的接收功率差值较小。
通过对发射功率进行调整可以使得整体的传输效率尽可能提高,例如在适合远场通信场景中,可以减少分配到电近场传输链路和磁近场传输链路上的功率,甚至不分配功率到这两种传输链路上,而增大远场传输链路上的功率;又例如,在适合电近场通信的场景中,可以增大分配到电近场传输链路上的功率。上述适合哪些场景是可以根据接收情况获知的,所以根据接收情况来调整功率分配就已经能够实现根据不同场景来切换传输链路,且比硬性切换更为准确和灵活。
在一些情况中,在所述接收端的天线装置的电近场传输链路上的接收功率可以是根据在发射端的天线装置的电近场传输链路上的电流得到的。也就是说,可以在发射端的电近场传输链路上测量电流,从而推算出接收端的电近场传输链路的接收功率。
对于初始情况,初始时接收端还没有反馈,因此发射端对接收端负载电阻Rr可能并不清楚。在一种实现方式中,可以初始时还是采用接收端反馈接收能量的方式,后面则直 接测量本地电流来判断。在另一种实现方式中,接收端负载电阻为标准的定值,这样发射端一开始就可以通过直接测量本地电流来判断接收功率。
1902、多个传输链路发射上述待发射信号。
可选地,多个传输链路可以以相同的发射频率同时发射上述待发射信号
如上所述,本申请实施例的天线装置还适用于能量的发射,因此,上述通信方法还可以执行以下操作:生成待发射能量,并将待发射能量传输给多个传输链路;多个传输链路发射待发射能量;以及根据接收端的天线装置接收待发射能量的情况,调整发射端的天线装置的待发射能量在所述多个传输链路上的能量分配。
与传输信号不同的是,能量的传输不需要考虑干扰问题,也不是追求数据率更高,而是能量传输效率更高。如前所述,发射端可以根据接收端的反馈或者根据发射端的电流的来推算接收端的功率。设远场链路、电近场链路和磁近场链路的发射功耗分别为Px、Pe和Pm,接收功率分别为Rx、Re和Rm。可以采用探测法,通常选择功率效率最低的链路,降低其发射功耗,增加功率效率最高的链路的发射功耗。这里远场链路、电近场链路和磁近场链路的功率效率分别为ηx=Px/Rx,ηe=Pe/Re,ηm=Pm/Rm。假设ηx效率最低,则将远场链路发射功耗降低Δx,而ηm效率最高,则将磁近场发射功耗提高Δx。再根据接收端反馈或者本地电流的测量来推算接收端功率,考察总的接收功率是否有提升,如果有提升,则更新功率分配,否则保持原来的功率分配。进一步的,如果提升幅度高于阈值,则继续上述过程,否则只进行一次功率更新。注意这里所述发射功耗不同于发射功率,因为存在放大器非线性和器件固定消耗,两者一般不是线性关系。当上述功率分配在某一种链路低于阈值时,则可以关闭该链路的传输。
图20是本申请实施例的通信方法的示意性流程图。图20主要是对接收端的天线装置的通信方法进行介绍,因该接收端的天线装置可以是上文任意一种天线装置。因此可以利用上文任意一种接收端的天线装置执行图20的各个步骤。下面对图20各个步骤进行介绍。
2001、多个传输链路接收信号或能量。
该多个传输链路的介绍可以参照图19的相关内容,不再重复。
2002、对接收到的信号或能量进行处理。
可以利用处理模块对接收到的信号或能量进行合并处理,还可以进行解码、解调、解扰等处理。
在一些实现方式中,还可以将信号或能量在多个传输链路上的接收功率反馈给发射端的天线装置,使得发射端的天线装置可以根据该反馈调整其功率或能量的分配。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到,结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及步骤,能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行,取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能,但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为描述的方便和简洁,上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程,可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的系统、装置和方法,可以通 过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括:U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(read-only memory,ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory,RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述,仅为本申请的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种天线装置,其特征在于,包括:
    处理模块,用于生成待发射信号,并将所述待发射信号传输给多个传输链路;
    所述多个传输链路,用于发射所述待发射信号,所述多个传输链路包括至少一个电近场传输链路和至少一个磁近场传输链路,所述电近场传输链路包括电近场前端和电近场天线,所述电近场前端用于将所述待发射信号传输给所述电近场天线,所述磁近场传输链路包括磁近场前端和磁近场天线,所述磁近场前端用于将所述待发射信号传输给所述磁近场天线,所述电近场天线和所述磁近场天线用于发射所述待发射信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的天线装置,其特征在于,所述多个传输链路用于以相同的发射频率同时发射所述待发射信号。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的天线装置,其特征在于,所述处理模块还用于分配所述待发射信号在所述多个传输链路上的发射功率。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的天线装置,其特征在于,所述处理模块还用于调整所述发射功率,使得接收端的天线装置在接收所述待发射信号时在其多个传输链路上的接收功率的差值在预设范围内。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的天线装置,其特征在于,所述接收功率是根据发射端的所述多个传输链路上的电流得到的;或者所述接收功率是所述接收端的天线装置反馈给所述发射端的。
  6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的天线装置,其特征在于,所述电近场前端包括电压放大器,所述电压放大器用于将所述电近场天线的发射电压增大。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的天线装置,其特征在于,所述天线装置还包括远场传输链路,所述远场传输链路包括远场前端和远场天线,所述远场前端用于将所述待发射信号传输给所述远场天线,所述远场天线用于发射所述待发射信号。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的天线装置,其特征在于,所述电近场天线、所述磁近场天线和所述远场天线中的任意多种天线集成在一起。
  9. 如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的天线装置,其特征在于,所述处理模块还用于生成待发射能量,并将所述待发射能量传输给所述多个传输链路;
    所述多个传输链路还用于发射所述待发射能量;
    所述处理模块还用于根据所述接收端的天线装置接收所述待发射能量的情况,调整所述待发射能量在所述多个传输链路上的能量分配。
  10. 一种天线装置,其特征在于,包括:
    多个传输链路,用于接收信号或能量,所述多个传输链路包括至少一个电近场传输链路和至少一个磁近场传输链路,所述电近场传输链路包括电近场前端和电近场天线,所述磁近场传输链路包括磁近场前端和磁近场天线,所述电近场天线和所述磁近场天线用于接收所述信号或能量,所述电近场前端用于将所述电近场天线接收到的所述信号或能量传输给处理模块,所述磁近场前端用于将所述磁近场天线接收到的所述信号或能量传输给处理模块;
    所述处理模块,用于对所述信号或能量进行处理。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的天线装置,其特征在于,所述处理模块还用于将所述多个传输链路接收所述信号的接收功率反馈给发射端的天线装置,和/或用于将所述多个传输链路接收所述能量的情况反馈给所述发射端的天线装置。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的天线装置,其特征在于,所述天线装置还包括远场传输链路,所述远场传输链路包括远场前端和远场天线,所述远场天线用于接收所述信号或能量,所述远场前端用于将所述远场天线接收到的所述信号或能量传输给所述处理模块。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的天线装置,其特征在于,所述电近场天线、所述磁近场天线和所述远场天线中的任意多种天线集成在一起。
  14. 一种通信方法,其特征在于,包括:
    生成待发射信号,并将所述待发射信号传输给多个传输链路;
    所述多个传输链路发射所述待发射信号,所述多个传输链路包括至少一个电近场传输链路和至少一个磁近场传输链路,所述电近场传输链路包括电近场前端和电近场天线,所述电近场前端用于将所述待发射信号传输给所述电近场天线,所述磁近场传输链路包括磁近场前端和磁近场天线,所述磁近场前端用于将所述待发射信号传输给所述磁近场天线,所述电近场天线和所述磁近场天线用于发射所述待发射信号。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的通信方法,其特征在于,所述多个传输链路发射所述待发射信号,包括:
    所述多个传输链路以相同的发射频率同时发射所述待发射信号。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的通信方法,其特征在于,所述将所述待发射信号传输给多个传输链路,包括:
    分配所述待发射信号在所述多个传输链路上的发射功率。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的通信方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    调整所述发射功率,使得接收端的天线装置在接收所述待发射信号时在其多个传输链路上的接收功率的差值在预设范围内。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的通信方法,其特征在于,所述接收功率是根据发射端的所述多个传输链路上的电流得到的;或者所述接收功率是所述接收端的天线装置反馈给所述发射端的。
  19. 如权利要求14至18中任一项所述的通信方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    生成待发射能量,并将所述待发射能量传输给所述多个传输链路;
    所述多个传输链路发射所述待发射能量;
    根据接收端的天线装置接收所述待发射能量的情况,调整发射端的天线装置的所述待发射能量在所述多个传输链路上的能量分配。
  20. 一种通信方法,其特征在于,包括:
    多个传输链路接收信号或能量,所述多个传输链路包括至少一个电近场传输链路和至少一个磁近场传输链路,所述电近场传输链路包括电近场前端和电近场天线,所述磁近场传输链路包括磁近场前端和磁近场天线,所述电近场天线和所述磁近场天线用于接收所述信号或能量,所述电近场前端用于将所述电近场天线接收到的所述信号或能量传输给处理模块,所述磁近场前端用于将所述磁近场天线接收到的所述信号或能量传输给处理模块;
    对所述信号或能量进行处理。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的通信方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:将所述多个传输链路接收所述信号的接收功率反馈给发射端的天线装置,和/或将所述多个传输链路接收所述能量的情况反馈给所述发射端的天线装置。
  22. 一种天线系统,其特征在于,所述天线系统包括至少一个发射端天线装置和至少一个接收端天线装置,所述发射端天线装置为如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的天线装置,所述接收端天线装置为如权利要求10至13中任一项所述的天线装置。
PCT/CN2021/078120 2021-02-26 2021-02-26 天线装置和通信方法 WO2022178823A1 (zh)

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