WO2022175626A1 - Determination d'un mode de codage d'image - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the field of image processing, and more specifically to the coding and decoding of digital images and sequences of digital images.
- the coding/decoding of digital images applies in particular to images from at least one video sequence comprising:
- the present invention applies similarly to the coding/decoding of 2D or 3D type images.
- the invention can in particular, but not exclusively, be applied to video coding implemented in current AVC, HEVC, WC video coders and their extensions (MVC, 3D-AVC, MV-HEVC, 3D-HEVC, etc.) , and the corresponding decoding.
- Current video coders use a block representation of the video sequence.
- the images are cut into blocks, which are likely to be recut recursively.
- each block is coded using a particular coding mode, for example an Intra, Inter, Skip, Merge, etc. mode.
- a coding mode such as for example the Intra coding mode, the IBC coding mode (for "Intra Block Copy" in English) .
- Inter coding mode For each block is coded a residual block, also called prediction residual, corresponding to the original block reduced by a prediction. In the case of a Skip coding mode, the residual block is zero.
- the encoder is responsible for sending the decoder the coding information relating to the optimal coding mode to allow the decoder to reconstruct the original block. Such information is transmitted in a stream, typically as a binary representation.
- the decoding is carried out at the decoder from the coding information read in the stream, then decoded, as well as from elements already available at the decoder, i.e. previously decoded.
- Inter decoding mode this is called Inter decoding mode.
- One of the aims of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the aforementioned state of the art by improving the determination of the coding modes of the prior art, in favor of a reduction in the cost of signaling information linked to the mode coding determined for the coding of a current set of pixels.
- an object of the present invention relates to a method for determining at least one mode of coding, respectively decoding, among at least two modes of coding, respectively decoding, for coding, respectively decoding at least one set of current pixels .
- Such a determination method is characterized in that said at least one mode of coding, respectively decoding, is determined from an analysis of at least one set of reference pixels.
- Such a method for determining at least one mode of coding (respectively decoding) according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to rely only on one or more sets of reference pixels, in other words one or more sets of pixels already decoded at the instant of coding or decoding of the current set of pixels, to determine, from among at least two possible coding (respectively decoding) modes, the and/or the coding (respectively decoding) modes to be applied to each pixel of the current set of pixels.
- the precision of this/these set(s) of reference pixels is perfectly known for each pixel position, unlike an encoder (respectively decoder) which works by block in the prior art.
- the determination of the coding mode or modes (respectively decoding) to be applied to each pixel of the current set of pixels is improved because it is more direct and spatially precise than that implemented in the prior art which is based on calculating a coding performance criterion per block.
- the coding mode (respectively decoding) to be applied to the current set of pixels is thus more precise and adapts better to the local properties of the image.
- a single mode of coding, respectively decoding, among the at least two modes is determined for at least one pixel of the current set of pixels, the determination of one or the other mode varying from said at least one pixel to at least one other pixel of said set.
- Such an embodiment advantageously makes it possible to reuse prior art coding or decoding modes (for example intra, skip, inter, etc.) with pixel precision.
- the at least two modes of coding, respectively decoding are determined in combination for at least one pixel of the current set of pixels.
- Such an embodiment advantageously makes it possible to be able to combine at least two coding modes (skip, intra, inter, etc.), respectively decoding, to code, respectively decode, the same pixel.
- This embodiment also makes it possible to be able to pass progressively from one mode of coding, respectively decoding, to the other without generating discontinuities comparable to block effects.
- the determination of said at least one mode of coding, respectively decoding is modified by a modification parameter which results from an analysis of the current set of pixels.
- Such an embodiment advantageously makes it possible to apply a correction to the determination of said at least one coding or decoding mode, when the current set of pixels contains an element which was not present/predictable in the set or sets of reference pixels.
- the invention also relates to a device for determining at least one mode of coding, respectively decoding, comprising a processor which is configured to determine at least one mode of coding, respectively decoding, among at at least two coding modes, respectively decoding, for coding, respectively decoding, at least one current set of pixels.
- Such a determination device is characterized in that said at least one mode of coding, respectively decoding, is determined from an analysis of at least one set of reference pixels.
- the determination device is a neural network.
- the use of a neural network advantageously makes it possible to optimize the precision of the determination of said at least one mode of coding, respectively decoding.
- Such a determination device is in particular capable of implementing the aforementioned determination method.
- the invention also relates to a method for coding at least one current set of pixels, implemented by a coding device, in which the current set of pixels is coded from a determination of at least one mode of coding.
- a coding method is characterized in that said at least one coding mode is determined in accordance with the determination method according to the aforementioned invention.
- Such a coding method is advantageous in the sense that it does not require the coding of one or more indices indicating the and/or the coding modes used to code the current set of pixels. As a result, this or these mode indices do not need to be transmitted by the encoder to a decoder of the current set of pixels, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of signaling the information transmitted between the encoder and the decoder in favor of a better quality of reconstruction of the image linked to the finer selection of the coding modes.
- the invention also relates to a device for coding or encoder of at least one current set of pixels, comprising a processor which is configured to code the current set of pixels from a determination of at least one coding mode.
- Such a coding device is characterized in that it comprises a device for determining at least one coding mode according to the aforementioned invention.
- Such a coding device is in particular able to implement the coding method according to the aforementioned invention.
- the invention also relates to a method for decoding at least one current set of pixels, implemented by a decoding device, in which the current set of pixels is decoded from a determination of at least one mode decoding.
- Such a decoding method is characterized in that said at least one decoding mode is determined in accordance with the determination method according to the aforementioned invention.
- the advantage of such a decoding method lies in the fact that the determination of at least one decoding mode for decoding the current set of pixels is implemented autonomously by the decoder from one or more several sets of reference pixels available, without the decoder needing to read particular information in the data signal received from the encoder.
- the invention also relates to a device for decoding or decoding at least one current set of pixels, comprising a processor which is configured to decode the current set of pixels from a determination of at least one decoding mode.
- Such a decoding device is characterized in that it comprises a device for determining at least one decoding mode according to the aforementioned invention.
- Such a decoding device is in particular capable of implementing the decoding method according to the aforementioned invention.
- the invention also relates to a computer program comprising instructions for implementing the determination method according to the invention, as well as the coding or decoding method integrating the determination method according to the invention, according to one any of the particular embodiments described above, when said program is executed by a processor.
- Such instructions can be stored durably in a non-transitory memory medium of the determination device implementing the aforementioned determination method, of the encoder implementing the aforementioned coding method, of the decoder implementing the aforementioned decoding method.
- This program can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in partially compiled form, or in any other desirable form.
- the invention also relates to a recording medium or information medium readable by a computer, and comprising instructions of a computer program as mentioned above.
- the recording medium can be any entity or device capable of storing the program.
- the medium may comprise a storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM, a DVD-ROM, a synthetic DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), etc... or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or even a magnetic recording medium, for example a USB key or a hard disk.
- the recording medium can be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which can be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means.
- the program according to the invention can in particular be downloaded from an Internet-type network.
- the recording medium may be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being suitable for executing or for being used in the execution of the determination method, of the coding or decoding method according to the aforementioned invention.
- FIG. 1 represents the main steps of a method for determining at least one coding or decoding mode in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 2A represents a type of set of reference pixels analyzed in the determination method of FIG. 1, in a first particular embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2B represents another type of set of reference pixels analyzed in the determination method of FIG. 1, in a second particular embodiment of the invention,
- FIG. 3A represents a determination device implementing the determination method of FIG. 1, in a first embodiment
- FIG. 3B represents a determination device implementing the determination method of FIG. 1, in a second embodiment
- FIG. 4 schematically represents a method for learning the determination device of FIG. 3B
- figure 5A represents a first example of displacement of a predicted version of a current set of pixels with respect to two sets of reference pixels
- figure 5B represents a second example of displacement of a predicted version of a current set of pixels with respect to two sets of reference pixels
- FIG. 5C represents a third example of displacement of a predicted version of a current set of pixels with respect to two sets of reference pixels
- FIG. 5D represents a motion compensation implemented in the case of the type of displacement of FIG. 5A, in a particular embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5E represents a determination of at least one mode of coding, respectively decoding, implemented at the end of the motion compensation of FIG. 5D, in a particular embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 represents in more detail certain steps of the determination method implemented by the determination device of FIG. 3A,
- FIG. 7 represents the main steps of an image coding method implementing the method for determining at least one coding mode of FIG. 1, in a particular embodiment of the invention,
- FIG. 8A represents a coder implementing the coding method of FIG. 7, in a first embodiment
- FIG. 8B represents a coder implementing the coding method of FIG. 7, in a second embodiment
- FIG. 9 represents the main steps of an image decoding method implementing the method for determining at least one decoding mode of FIG. 1, in a particular embodiment of the invention,
- FIG. 10A represents a decoder implementing the decoding method of FIG. 9, in a first embodiment
- FIG. 10B represents a decoder implementing the decoding method of FIG. 9, in a second embodiment
- FIG. 11 represents the steps of an image coding method implementing a modification of the coding mode determination method of FIG. 1, in a particular embodiment of the invention
- figure 12 represents an encoder implementing the coding method of figure 11 , in a particular embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 13 represents the steps of an image decoding method implementing a modification of the decoding mode determination method of FIG. 1, in a particular embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 14 represents a decoder implementing the decoding method of FIG. 13, in a particular embodiment of the invention. Detailed description of different embodiments of the invention Examples of implementations of a method for determining at least one coding or decoding mode General principle of the invention
- a method for determining at least one coding or decoding mode is described below with a view to coding, respectively decoding, a 2D or 3D type image, said method of determining being capable of being implemented in any type video encoders or decoders, for example conforming to the AVC, FIEVC, WC standard and their extensions (MVC, 3D-AVC, MV-FIEVC, 3D-FIEVC, etc.), or other, such as for example a convolutional neural network or CNN (for “convolutional neural network” in English).
- the method for determining at least one coding or decoding mode uses at least one set of reference pixels BRo, that is to say a set of reference pixels which has already been coded and decoded and which is therefore available at the time of determining said at least one coding or decoding mode intended to be used for coding, respectively decoding, a set of current pixels B c which comprises N pixels pi, p2 ,..., PN (N>1 ).
- set of current pixels B c means:
- the set of reference pixels BRo can belong to a current image which contains the current set of pixels B c .
- at least one mode of coding MCc (respectively decoding MD C ) of the current set of pixels B c is determined with respect to this set of reference pixels BRo.
- said at least one mode of MCc coding (respectively MDc decoding) can be determined with respect to the set of reference pixels BRo and to one or more other sets of reference pixels belonging to the current image li.
- the set of reference pixels BRo can belong to an already coded and decoded reference image which temporally precedes or follows the current image li.
- the coding mode MCc (respectively decoding MD C ) of the current set of pixels B c is determined with respect to the set of reference pixels BRo.
- the MCc coding mode (respectively MD C decoding) of the current set of pixels B c can be calculated with respect to the set of reference pixels BRo, the set of reference pixels BRo belonging for example to the immediately preceding MRI image but which can of course belong to another reference image, such as for example the image IRi +i or other reference images preceding, in the order of coding, the image current image h, that is to say images already coded and then decoded before the current image h.
- the MCc coding mode (respectively MD C decoding) of the current set of pixels B c can also be calculated with respect to the set of reference pixels BRo located in a reference image which precedes the current image and with respect to at least one other set of reference pixels BRi located in a reference image which follows the current image li.
- the set of reference pixels BRo is located in the reference image IRi-2 and the set of reference pixels BRi is located in the reference image IRi +i . Still in the context of such a determination of at least one coding or decoding mode with respect to sets of reference pixels situated in images of reference, and as represented in FIG.
- the mode of coding MCc (respectively of decoding MD C ) of the current set of pixels B c can be calculated with respect to two sets of reference pixels BRo, BRi each located in a reference image which precedes the current image
- the set of reference pixels BRo is located in the reference image IRÎ-2 and the set of reference pixels BRi is located in the image of MRI reference.
- one or more other sets of reference pixels can be used together with the sets of reference pixels BRo and BRi to calculate said at least one current coding mode MCc (respectively MDc decoding) of the current set of pixels B c .
- such a determination method comprises the following:
- an analysis is carried out of said at least one set of reference pixels BRo.
- Such a step includes in particular the analysis of the position of BRo, its displacement from one reference image to another, if occlusion zones are generated during the displacement of BRo, etc...
- a coding mode MCc is selected from among at least two coding modes MCi, MC2, respectively decoding MD1, MD2, considered.
- the mode MC1, respectively MD1 is for example the Inter mode.
- the MC2 mode, respectively MD2, is for example the Intra mode.
- the mode MC1, respectively MD1 is for example the Inter mode and the mode MC2, respectively MD2, is for example the Skip mode.
- an MCc coding mode is determined for said at least one current pixel p c .
- Steps P1 to P2 are then iterated for each of the N pixels of the current set of pixels B c .
- step P2 at least two coding/decoding modes can be determined in combination to code/decode said at least one current pixel p c .
- FIG. 3A presents a device DMOD1 for determining at least one coding or decoding mode suitable for implementing the determination method illustrated in FIG. 1, according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the actions executed by the determination method are implemented by computer program instructions.
- the prediction device DMOD1 has the classic architecture of a computer and notably comprises a memory MEM_DM1, a processing unit UT_DM1, equipped for example with a processor PROC_DM1, and controlled by the computer program PG_DM1 stored in memory MEM_DM1.
- the computer program PG_DM1 comprises instructions for implementing the actions of the determination method as described above, when the program is executed by the processor PROC_DM1.
- the code instructions of the computer program PG_DM1 are for example loaded into a RAM memory (not shown) before being executed by the processor PROC_DM1.
- the processor PROC_DM1 of the processing unit UT_DM1 notably implements the actions of the determination method described above, according to the instructions of the computer program PG_DM1.
- the determination device receives at input E_DM1 one or more sets of reference pixels BRo, BRi,..., evaluates various available coding modes MC1, MC2, respectively decoding MD1, MD2, and delivers at output S_DM1 the mode MCc coding or MD C decoding to be used to respectively encode or decode the current set of pixels B c .
- FIG. 3B presents a device DMOD2 for determining at least one coding or decoding mode suitable for implementing the determination method illustrated in FIG. 1, according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the determination device DMOD2 is a neural network, such as for example a convolutional neural network, a multilayer perceptron, an LSTM (for “Long Short Term Memory”), etc., denoted RNC1 which, from one or more sets of reference pixels BRo, BRi,... received as input, jointly implements steps P1 to P2 of the determination method of FIG. outputs the MCc coding or MD C decoding mode of each pixel of the current set of pixels B c .
- a neural network such as for example a convolutional neural network, a multilayer perceptron, an LSTM (for “Long Short Term Memory”), etc.
- the convolutional neural network RNC1 performs a succession of layers of filtering, nonlinearity and scaling operations. Each filter used is parameterized by a convolution kernel and the nonlinearities are parameterized (ReLU, leaky ReLU, GDN (generalized divisive normalization), etc.).
- the neural network RNC1 is for example of the type described in the document D. Sun, et al., “PWC-Net: CNNs for Optical Flow Using Pyramid, Warping, and Cost Volume” CVPR 2018.
- the RNC1 neural network can be trained as shown in Figure 4.
- the neural network RNC1 can be learned:
- the MCc coding mode respectively MD C decoding, takes at least two values 0 or 1 which are for example representative respectively:
- the network RNC1 is trained to carry out the operations P1 to P2 of FIG. 1.
- the network RNC1 is taught to minimize the mean square error between the set of current pixels B c to be coded and a set of pixels BSc obtained after application of at least one MCc coding mode (respectively MD C decoding mode) selected:
- the training of the network RNC1 is carried out during a training phase by presenting a plurality of sets of reference pixels BRo, BRi,... associated jointly with a set of current pixels B c , and by changing, for example by a gradient descent algorithm, the weights of the network to minimize the quadratic error between the pixels of B c and the result BSc depending on the selection of coding mode MCc (respectively decoding MD C ).
- the network RNC1 is frozen and adapted to be used in the mode determination device DMOD2.
- Embodiment of a method for determining at least one coding/decoding mode implemented by the determination device DEMOD1 A description will now be given, in relation to FIG. 6 and FIGS. 5A to 5E, of an embodiment, in which a determination of at least one coding or decoding mode of a current set of pixels is implemented in the determination device DEMOD1 of FIG. 3A.
- two sets of reference pixels BRo and BRi are taken into account for the determination of at least one coding or decoding mode.
- the analysis P1 of at least one set of reference pixels comprises the following:
- a motion estimate between BRo and BRi is calculated.
- Such a step is carried out by conventional motion search steps, such as for example an estimation of displacement vectors.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C respectively represent three different examples of displacement of a predicted version BP C of the current set of pixels B c with respect to two sets of reference pixels BRo and BRi, which can be encountered during this step P10 .
- the displacement of an element E symbolized by a circle
- a single vector denoted V01 and dotted in FIGS. 5A to 5C, is represented to describe, in the example represented, the movement of the element E from BRo to BRi (the movement on the other portions of the image being considered null).
- V01 or Vio Using the same conventions as for the calculation of V01 or Vio:
- the displacement of the element E at the current instant is estimated as corresponding to the half of the displacement between BRo and BRi, that is to say half of the vector V01 or Vio.
- BRo belongs to the MRI reference image
- BRi belongs to the reference image IRi +i .
- the displacement of the element E at the current instant is estimated to be shorter than the half of the displacement between BRo and BRi. For example, if BRo belongs to the reference image IRM and BRi belongs to the reference image IRÎ+2, then the displacement of the element E at the current time is estimated as corresponding to one third of the displacement between BRo and BRi, that is to say the third of the vector V01 or V10.
- the displacement of the element E at the current instant is estimated as twice the displacement between BRo and BRi, that is to say twice the vector V01 or V10.
- BRo and BRi are each motion compensated using the vectors Vo and Vi, to respectively create two predicted versions of B c , denoted BRCo and BRCi.
- FIG. 5D it is considered that the vectors Vo and Vi have been obtained, for example, in accordance with the motion configuration represented in FIG. 5A, for which the displacement of the element E at the current instant is estimated as corresponding to half of the displacement between BRo and BRi, that is to say half of the vector V01 or V10.
- Figure 5D represents:
- a part Zo of ERCo and a part Zi of ERCi are undefined because they correspond to the unknown content which is located behind the element E of BRo and the element E of BRi.
- the part Zo is defined in ERCi and the part Zi is defined in ERCo.
- FIG. 5E is represented a predicted position of the current set of pixels B c , in which is represented a predicted position of the element E and the undefined parts Zo and Zi.
- the pixels located at the predicted (x,y) position of the element E and at the predicted (x,y) position of the background AP are known, in the sense that these pixels are coherent with the pixels of the element E and of the background AP in each of the sets of reference pixels BRo and BRi.
- a mode of MCc coding, respectively of MD C decoding is determined which takes two different values 0 or 1, depending on the pixels considered in the current set of pixels B c .
- a mode of MCc coding, respectively of MD C decoding is determined which takes three different values 0, 1 or 2, depending on the pixels considered in the current set of pixels B c .
- Such a coding method includes the following:
- the determination of at least one MCc coding mode, in its steps P1 to P2 illustrated in FIG. 1, is implemented, generating a current MCc coding mode for each of the N pixels of the current set of pixels Bc .
- a subset of pixels SE1 is coded in Intra.
- a subset of coded residual pixels SERi cod is generated, conventionally accompanied by the index of the Intra mode used.
- V3 cod V2 cod .
- V3 cod 1 V2 cod V3 cod 1 V2 cod .
- the coded motion vectors V2 cod and V3 cod or only V3 cod in the case where V3 cod V2 cod , as well as the data of the residual coded pixel subsets SERi cod and SER2 C0d , are written in a stream transport F capable of being transmitted to a decoder which will be described later in the description.
- These inscribed data correspond to the current set of pixels B c coded, denoted B c cod .
- the coding mode(s) as such are advantageously neither coded nor transmitted to the decoder.
- the subset of pixels SEi (respectively SE2, SE3) can correspond to at least one pixel of B c , to at least one zone of pixels of B c , or to B c in its entirety.
- Intra, Inter and or Skip encodings implemented are conventional and conform to an AVC, HEVC, WC or similar type encoding.
- the coding which has just been described can of course apply to B c a single coding mode among the three mentioned, or only two different coding modes, or even three or more different coding modes.
- FIG. 8A presents an encoder COD1 suitable for implementing the coding method illustrated in FIG. 7, according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the coder COD1 comprises the determination device DEMOD1.
- the actions executed by the coding method are implemented by computer program instructions.
- the coding device COD1 has the classic architecture of a computer and comprises in particular a memory MEM_C1, a processing unit UT_C1, equipped for example with a processor PROC_C1, and controlled by the computer program PG_C1 stored in memory MEM_C1.
- the computer program PG_C1 comprises instructions for implementing the actions of the coding method as described above, when the program is executed by the processor PROC C1.
- the code instructions of the computer program PG_C1 are for example loaded into a RAM memory (not shown) before being executed by the processor PROC_C1.
- the processor PROC_C1 of the processing unit UT_C1 notably implements the actions of the coding method described above, according to the instructions of the computer program PG_C1.
- the coder COD1 receives at input E_C1 a set of current pixels B c and delivers at output S_C1 the transport stream F which is transmitted to a decoder using a suitable communication interface (not shown).
- FIG. 8B presents a coder COD2 suitable for implementing the coding method illustrated in FIG. 7, according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the coder COD2 comprises the aforementioned determination device DEMOD2 followed by a convolutional neural network RNC2 which codes the current set of pixels B c together with the coding mode and/or modes MCc determined by the determination device DEMOD2.
- a network RNC2 is for example of the type described in the document: Lad an “Optical Flow and Mode Selection for Learning-based Video Coding”, IEEE MMSP 2020.
- Described below, with reference to FIG. 9, is an image decoding method implementing the determination of at least one decoding mode MD C , as described with reference to FIG. 1.
- Such a decoding method implements an image decoding corresponding to the image coding of FIG. 7.
- the decoding method apart from the determination of said at least one decoding mode MD C , the decoding method implements conventional decoding steps that conform to AVC, HEVC, VVC or similar type decoding.
- the decoding process includes the following:
- the transport stream F received is conventionally extracted from the coded data associated with B c which are, in the example shown:
- the determination of at least one decoding mode MD C in its steps P1 to P2 illustrated in FIG. 1, is implemented, generating a current decoding mode MD C for each of the N pixels of the set of coded current pixels B c cod .
- a subset of decoded pixels SE2 dec is generated.
- a subset of pixels SEs is decoded in Skip.
- a subset of decoded pixels SE3 dec is generated using the decoded motion vector V3 dec .
- the decoding mode(s) as such are advantageously determined autonomously at the decoder.
- Intra, Inter and or Skip decodings implemented are conventional and conform to a decoding of the AVC, HEVC, WC or similar type.
- decoding which has just been described can of course apply for a set of coded pixels considered, here B c cod , a single decoding mode among the three mentioned, or only two different decoding modes, or even three different decoding modes or more.
- the application of one or more decoding modes may vary from one set of coded pixels considered to another.
- the reconstructed current set of pixels B c dec may possibly undergo filtering by a loop filter which is well known to those skilled in the art.
- FIG. 10A presents a decoder DEC1 suitable for implementing the decoding method illustrated in FIG. 9, according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the decoder DEC1 comprises the determination device DEMOD1.
- the actions executed by the decoding method are implemented by computer program instructions.
- the decoder DEC1 has the classic architecture of a computer and comprises in particular a memory MEM_D1, a processing unit UT_D1, equipped for example with a processor PROC_D1, and controlled by the computer program PG_D1 stored in memory MEM_D1 .
- the computer program PG_D1 comprises instructions for implementing the actions of the decoding method as described above, when the program is executed by the processor PROC_D1.
- the code instructions of the computer program PG_D1 are for example loaded into a RAM memory (not shown) before being executed by the processor PROC_D1.
- the processor PROC_D1 of the processing unit UT_D1 notably implements the actions of the decoding method described above in connection with FIG. 9, according to the instructions of the computer program PG D1.
- the decoder DEC1 receives at input E_D1 the transport stream F transmitted by the coder COD1 of FIG. 8A and delivers at output S_D1 the current set of decoded pixels B c dec .
- FIG. 10B presents a decoder DEC2 suitable for implementing the decoding method illustrated in FIG. 9, according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the decoder DEC2 comprises the aforementioned determination device DEMOD2 followed by a convolutional neural network RNC3 which for example decodes the current coded set of pixels B c cod jointly with the decoding mode MDc generated by the determination device DEMOD2.
- a network RNC3 is for example of the type described in the document: Ladune “Optical Flowand Mode Selection for Learning-based Video Coding”, IEEE MMSP 2020.
- Such a variant improves the determination of at least one coding or decoding mode of FIG. 1, when the precision/quality of the coding or decoding mode obtained is not satisfactory.
- an analysis is carried out in C′1 of said at least one set of reference pixels BRo jointly with the current set of pixels B c .
- two sets of reference pixels BRo and BRi are analyzed jointly with B c .
- BRo is located temporally before B c and BRi is located temporally after B c .
- the analysis C'1 is implemented using a convolutional neural network RNC4 which, from the two sets of reference pixels BRo and BRi and from the set of current pixels B c , creates a transformation through a number of layers, such as for example layers implementing convolutional filters (CNN) followed by layers implementing nonlinearities and decimations, as described in the document: Ladune “Optical Flowand Mode Selection for Learning-based Video Coding”, IEEE MMSP 2020.
- CNN convolutional filters
- a set of latent variables is obtained in the form of a signal U'.
- the signal U′ is quantized in C′2 by a quantizer QUANT 1 , for example uniform or vector, regulated by a quantization parameter.
- a quantized signal U'q is then obtained.
- the quantized signal U′q is coded using an entropic coder CE1, for example of the arithmetic type, with a determined statistic.
- This statistic is for example parameterized by statistical probabilities, for example by modeling the variance and the mean of a Laplacian law (s,m), or by considering hyperpriors as in the publication: "Variational image compression with a scale hyperprior” by Ballé which was presented at the ICLR 2018 conference.
- a quantified signal encoded U’ q cod is then obtained.
- the coded quantized signal U' q cod is written into a transport stream F' which is transmitted to a decoder DEC3 illustrated in figure 14.
- the data contained in the coded quantized signal U′ q cod are representative of information associated with an MCc coding mode as determined as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
- MCc is set to 0 to indicate the use of Skip coding mode and is set to 1 to indicate the use of Inter coding mode.
- the network RNC4 has been learned to offer a continuum of weighting between the values 0 and 1 of MCc.
- the coder COD3 performs at C′10 a prediction of the set of pixels Bc to be coded by performing motion compensation which uses sets of reference pixels BRo, BRi and motion vectors Vo, Vi.
- the vectors Vo, Vi can come from the "MOFNEt" neural network as described in Ladune's publication "Optical Flow and Mode Selection for Learning-based Video Coding", IEEE MMSP 2020.
- a prediction of B c is obtained, named BP c (x,y).
- C'10 prediction is implemented using an RNC41 neural network.
- Steps C′13 and C′14 are implemented in a coder based on neural networks in accordance with the aforementioned reference, in order to generate the coded quantized signal U′′ q cod .
- the coded quantized signal U” q cod is written into a transport stream F” which is transmitted to a decoder DEC3 illustrated in figure 14.
- an analysis is carried out in D′1 of at least one set of reference pixels BRo, two sets of reference pixels BRo and BRi in the example shown .
- Such an analysis is identical to that performed in step P1 of Figure 1, using the neural network RNC1.
- a latent space U representative of Vo, Vi,..., MDc is obtained.
- the entropy decoding of the coded quantized signal U' q cod is carried out in D'2 using an entropy decoder DE1 corresponding to the entropy coder CE1 of FIG. 12, with the same given statistic, such as the modeling of the variance and the mean of a Laplacian law (s,m).
- a decoded quantized signal U′ q is obtained at the end of this operation.
- the decoded quantized signal U′ q is concatenated with the latent space U obtained by the neural network RNC1 of FIG. 14 and representative of the analysis of only the sets of reference pixels BRo and BRi.
- the neural network RNC1 then processes this concatenation at D'4 through different layers, in the same way as in step P2 of FIG. 1, to estimate the motion information Vo, Vi,..., thus as the values in the continuum 0 to 1 of the MD C decoding mode to be applied to the set of current coded pixels B c cod to be reconstructed.
- MD C is set to 0 to indicate the use of the Skip decoding mode and is set to 1 to indicate using Inter decoding mode.
- An RNC5 neural network of the aforementioned type receives this information as input to reconstruct the current set of pixels, in order to generate a set of pixels rebuilt B c dec .
- a network RNC5 is for example of the type described in the document: Lad an “Optical Flow and Mode Selection for Learning-based Video Coding”, IEEE MMSP 2020.
- the neural network RNC5 comprises a neural network RNC50 which calculates in D'5 a set of current prediction pixels BP c (x,y) from the motion information Vo, Vi,... delivered by the network RNC1 and from the sets of reference pixels BRo, BRi,.. ..
- BP c (x,y) is multiplied pixel by pixel by (1-MD c (x,y)) in a multiplier MU2 illustrated in figure 14.
- BP c (x,y) is multiplied pixel by pixel by MD c (x,y) in a multiplier MU3 illustrated in figure 14.
- the neural network RNC5 also includes a neural network RNC51 which, following reception of the flow F” generated by the coder COD3 at C'14 (cf figures 11 and 12), entropically decodes at D '8 the coded quantized signal U” q cod which corresponds to the pixel residue resulting from the prediction weighted by the MCc coding mode, as implemented by the coder COD3 of FIG. 12.
- a decoding uses the result of the multiplication implementation in D'7.
- the signals SIG1 and SIG2 are added in an adder AD, generating the reconstructed current set of pixels B c dec which contains the reconstructed pixels of B c in its entirety.
- two sets of reference pixels BRo, BR1 are used in the method for determining at least one coding mode.
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US18/546,859 US20240137486A1 (en) | 2021-02-19 | 2022-02-15 | Method for determining an image coding mode |
EP22710130.0A EP4295575A1 (fr) | 2021-02-19 | 2022-02-15 | Determination d'un mode de codage d'image |
CN202280015775.9A CN116897534A (zh) | 2021-02-19 | 2022-02-15 | 用于确定图像编码模式的方法 |
KR1020237028189A KR20230156318A (ko) | 2021-02-19 | 2022-02-15 | 화상 코딩 모드를 결정하는 방법 |
JP2023550088A JP2024510094A (ja) | 2021-02-19 | 2022-02-15 | 画像符号化モードを決定するための方法 |
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FR2101633A FR3120173A1 (fr) | 2021-02-19 | 2021-02-19 | Détermination d’au moins un mode de codage d’image ou d’au moins un mode de décodage d’image, codage et décodage d’image utilisant une telle détermination |
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US4689671A (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1987-08-25 | Nec Corporation | Coding apparatus for moving object image |
EP0639924A2 (fr) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-02-22 | Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd | Dispositif pour contrôler le mode de codage pour un système numérique de codage de signaux vidéo |
US6222881B1 (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 2001-04-24 | Intel Corporation | Using numbers of non-zero quantized transform signals and signal differences to determine when to encode video signals using inter-frame or intra-frame encoding |
EP1335609A2 (fr) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-08-13 | Microsoft Corporation | Méthodes et appareils de codage vidéo améliorés |
-
2021
- 2021-02-19 FR FR2101633A patent/FR3120173A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-02-15 JP JP2023550088A patent/JP2024510094A/ja active Pending
- 2022-02-15 KR KR1020237028189A patent/KR20230156318A/ko unknown
- 2022-02-15 WO PCT/FR2022/050274 patent/WO2022175626A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2022-02-15 US US18/546,859 patent/US20240137486A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-15 CN CN202280015775.9A patent/CN116897534A/zh active Pending
- 2022-02-15 EP EP22710130.0A patent/EP4295575A1/fr active Pending
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US4689671A (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1987-08-25 | Nec Corporation | Coding apparatus for moving object image |
EP0639924A2 (fr) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-02-22 | Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd | Dispositif pour contrôler le mode de codage pour un système numérique de codage de signaux vidéo |
US6222881B1 (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 2001-04-24 | Intel Corporation | Using numbers of non-zero quantized transform signals and signal differences to determine when to encode video signals using inter-frame or intra-frame encoding |
EP1335609A2 (fr) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-08-13 | Microsoft Corporation | Méthodes et appareils de codage vidéo améliorés |
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LADUNE THEO ET AL: "Optical Flow and Mode Selection for Learning-based Video Coding", 21 September 2020 (2020-09-21), pages 1 - 6, XP055855219, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9287028/9287048/09287049.pdf?tp=&arnumber=9287049&isnumber=9287048&ref=aHR0cHM6Ly9pZWVleHBsb3JlLmllZWUub3JnL2RvY3VtZW50LzkyODcwNDk=> DOI: 10.1109/MMSP48831.2020.9287049 * |
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KR20230156318A (ko) | 2023-11-14 |
EP4295575A1 (fr) | 2023-12-27 |
US20240137486A1 (en) | 2024-04-25 |
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