WO2022175605A1 - Fuel cell connected to a probe of a filling station and diagnostic method - Google Patents

Fuel cell connected to a probe of a filling station and diagnostic method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022175605A1
WO2022175605A1 PCT/FR2022/050013 FR2022050013W WO2022175605A1 WO 2022175605 A1 WO2022175605 A1 WO 2022175605A1 FR 2022050013 W FR2022050013 W FR 2022050013W WO 2022175605 A1 WO2022175605 A1 WO 2022175605A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
contamination
fuel
power
level
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2022/050013
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gabriel Crehan
Sonia Siah
Zlatina DIMITROVA
Original Assignee
Psa Automobiles Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Psa Automobiles Sa filed Critical Psa Automobiles Sa
Priority to CN202280015740.5A priority Critical patent/CN116868388A/en
Priority to EP22702750.5A priority patent/EP4295427A1/en
Publication of WO2022175605A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022175605A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0053—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04238—Depolarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • TITLE FUEL CELL CONNECTED TO A PROBE OF A CHARGING STATION AND DIAGNOSTIC METHOD
  • the field of the invention relates to a fuel cell comprising means for measuring a level of contamination of the fuel injected into the anode chamber and a method for diagnosing said fuel cell.
  • the invention applies in particular to electrified vehicles powered by a fuel cell.
  • a fuel cell is an electrical generator in which electricity is produced through the oxidation on an electrode of a reducing fuel.
  • the fuel cell requires the supply of a fuel, most often dihydrogen.
  • fuel cells There are several types of fuel cells known to those skilled in the art.
  • the proton exchange membrane battery is most often used. This type of cell comprises an anode chamber into which hydrogen is injected in contact with an anode, a cathode chamber into which oxygen is injected in contact with a cathode, a proton exchange membrane and catalysts accelerating the reactions between the gas.
  • the fuel supply chain is generally controlled according to standards international standards defining control protocols and determining the contaminants to be monitored and the concentration limits for each contaminant identified. Mention may be made, for example, of the standard SAEJ2719 “Hydrogen Fuel Quality for Fuel Cell Vehicles” of the organization SAE International, or even the standard ISO 14687 “Quality of Flydrogen Fuel”.
  • An object of the invention is to improve the monitoring of fuel contamination of a fuel cell vehicle and to improve the efficiency of performance diagnostics and control of regeneration cycles.
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell comprising a fuel reservoir, an anode chamber into which the fuel is injected and a control unit for said fuel cell.
  • a fuel cell comprising a fuel reservoir, an anode chamber into which the fuel is injected and a control unit for said fuel cell.
  • it further comprises a data communication means provided to cooperate with a fuel recharging station and to receive from said recharging station measurements of contamination of the fuel injected into the tank and the control unit comprises diagnostic means capable of calculating a level of contamination of said fuel cell from said measurements of contamination of at least one contaminant.
  • the diagnostic means is capable of calculating a correction coefficient of the real power from the level of contamination and an estimated power from the correction coefficient and a measured real power, comparing the estimated power with a predetermined threshold and triggering a regeneration cycle when the estimated power is below the predetermined threshold.
  • control unit further comprises an alert means able to calculate a permanent level of contamination according to the power ratio between a measurement of the real power following a cycle of regeneration and a reference power representative of an initial state of the fuel cell.
  • the invention relates to an assembly consisting of a fuel cell according to any one of the preceding embodiments and of a fuel recharging station, said station comprising a probe for measuring contamination of the fuel of the recharging station, the data communication means of said cell cooperates with said probe so as to receive contamination measurements during a refueling.
  • the invention also provides a method for diagnosing a fuel cell implemented by a fuel cell according to any one of the preceding embodiments, in which the method comprises the following steps:
  • the diagnosis also comprises the following steps:
  • the level of contamination is calculated as a function of said measurement of contamination of at least one contaminant and of a deactivation coefficient associated with said contaminant.
  • the method further comprises the calculation of a permanent contamination level as a function of the power ratio between a measurement of the real power following a regeneration cycle and a reference power representative of a state initialization of the fuel cell and the development of an alert signal when the ratio is below a predetermined threshold.
  • the invention also provides an electrified fuel cell vehicle, in which the fuel cell is according to any of the preceding embodiments.
  • the invention makes it possible to establish a diagnosis of the energy performance of a fuel cell based on measurements of contaminants obtained by an external probe fitted to a charging station. These measurements make it possible to establish predictive diagnostics to control regeneration cycles and/or maintenance operations.
  • FIG.1 represents an assembly formed by an electrified fuel cell vehicle and a fuel charging station in accordance with the invention
  • FIG.2 schematically represents a fuel cell of the proton exchange membrane type capable of implementing the invention
  • FIG.3 schematically represents a fuel cell control unit implementing a diagnostic method according to the invention
  • FIG.4 represents a diagram illustrating the diagnostic method according to the invention.
  • the invention finds an application in the field of electromobility, in particular electrified vehicles equipped with a fuel cell for the generation of electrical energy.
  • the invention applies independently of the type of fuel cell, and targets any system equipped with a fuel tank for which contamination measurements are carried out using a probe integrated into a recharging system external to the vehicle.
  • the invention can be applied to fuel cells proton exchange membrane, solid oxide, etc.
  • the fuel can be dihydrogen or methanol for example.
  • FIG. 1 of the present description an application of the invention is described for a motor vehicle with electrified traction equipped with a fuel cell 4 with a proton exchange membrane where the fuel is dihydrogen stored in a high pressure tank 2 of the vehicle.
  • the fuel cell 4 supplies electrical energy to a high-voltage electrical battery system 5 capable of supplying an on-board electrical network 6 and an electrical traction machine 7.
  • This exemplary case corresponds to an architecture of the power extender type. autonomy where the fuel cell is of low power.
  • the fuel cell 4 is of high power and is capable of directly supplying the electric traction machine 7.
  • the fuel cell also comprises an electronic control unit 3 whose function is to control the generation of electrical energy on board the vehicle, to produce energy performance diagnostics, to control fuel cell regeneration cycles in the event of decline in performance, develop permanent contamination diagnoses and alerts, in particular.
  • the control unit 3 is based on contamination measurements DS received through data communication means 8 and 11 .
  • the control unit 3 comprises for this purpose a data communication interface 11 able to communicate with a recharging station 12 in dihydrogen through a wired communication channel, or a wireless communication channel allowing the transmission of data by wave between a charging station 12 and the control unit 3, for example through a mobile telephone network, 3G, 4G, or 5G, a WIFI network or via Bluetooth.
  • the DS contamination measurements come from a measurement probe 10 of a dihydrogen tank 9 of a recharging station 12.
  • the DS contamination measurements include the contamination levels of all or part of the contaminants listed in the international standards of fuel quality control, in particular the SAEJ2719 and ISO 14687 standards.
  • the contamination measurements include all or some of the contaminants listed in the following table and the control unit 3 is capable of monitoring the levels of contamination of all or part of said contaminants with respect to predetermined limits indicated in the second column of the table. Contamination measures are not limited to the list provided in the following table.
  • the recharging station is capable of cooperating with the control unit 3 of the fuel cell to transmit the contamination measurements during a hydrogen recharging operation.
  • control unit 3 is configured to apply to each contaminant a coefficient representing the impact on the energy performance of the fuel cell 4.
  • the following description describes the implementation of energy performance diagnostics dependent on contamination measurements.
  • FIG. 2 an example of a fuel cell 1 known to those skilled in the art for which the invention is implemented is now described. This example is given by way of illustration and is not limiting.
  • the fuel cell 1 comprises an anode chamber 20 in contact with an anode 23, a cathode chamber 22 in contact with a cathode 24, a proton exchange membrane 21.
  • the fuel injected into the anode chamber is dihydrogen coming from a tank vehicle high pressure.
  • the invention aims to measure the levels of contamination of dihydrogen from measurements made by a probe of the recharging station during a dihydrogen recharging operation.
  • control unit 3 of the fuel cell.
  • the control unit 3 is provided with a computer with integrated circuits and electronic memories, the computer and the memories being configured to execute the diagnostic method of the fuel cell.
  • the computer could be external to the control unit 3, while being coupled to the latter 3.
  • it can itself be arranged in the form of a dedicated computer comprising a possible dedicated program , for example.
  • the control unit according to the invention, can be produced in the form of software (or computer (or even “software”)) modules, or else of electronic circuits (or “hardware”), or even of a combination of electronic circuits and software modules.
  • control unit 3 comprises a data communication interface 11 adapted to receive the contamination measurements DS as well as electrical power data PW generated by the fuel cell 4 from electrical sensors, such as current and voltage.
  • control unit 3 comprises a diagnostic module 31 for managing the energy performance and for controlling a regeneration cycle of the fuel cell.
  • the module 31 works out the CSRG setpoints for controlling a regeneration cycle of the fuel cell 4 from the contamination measurements DS and the power data PW.
  • a CSRG setpoint can consist of controlling a gas flow in the anode and/or cathode chamber, a voltage at the terminals of the electrodes or a temperature of the fuel cell.
  • the module 4 implements a predictive algorithm for triggering a regeneration cycle based on the measurements of contamination DS and electrical power PW.
  • a regeneration cycle consists of cleaning the catalytic layers of the fuel cell to regenerate the energy performance.
  • a cycle of regeneration consists of cleaning the anode by passing oxidizing molecules over the catalyst for a given time and at a predetermined temperature specific to the regeneration cycle. Mention may also be made of document WO201 7098160A1 describing a process for regenerating a fuel cell.
  • control unit 3 comprises an alert module 32 capable of producing alert signals SG from the contamination measurements DS and the power data PW of the fuel cell 4.
  • alert module 32 detects a level of contamination representative of a critical level of electrical power produced following a regeneration cycle, then the alert module 32 transmits an alert signal SG intended for the owner of the vehicle to perform fuel cell maintenance.
  • the method comprises the measurement 40 of one or more levels of contaminants by one or more probes of the recharging station during recharging of fuel in the vehicle.
  • the method further comprises the transmission 41 of the contamination measurements coming from the recharging station to the fuel cell control unit through the data communication means.
  • the measurements are transmitted via a wired data communication channel established directly between the charging station and the vehicle, or via a wave data communication channel.
  • the method further includes the determination 42 by the control unit of the contamination measurements of at least one contaminant during fuel recharging.
  • the method further comprises the development 43 of a diagnosis consisting in calculating a level of contamination of said fuel cell from the measurements received from the charging station. More precisely, the level of contamination of the fuel cell is calculated according to the measurements of contamination of one or each contaminant and of an associated deactivation coefficient of the contaminant or each contaminant.
  • the level of contamination of one or each contaminant consists in calculating the difference between the level measured by the probe and a reference limit, for example according to the values indicated in the second column in the table 1. The excess contamination over the limit is multiplied by the deactivation coefficient.
  • the diagnosis consists of calculating an overall contamination level taking into account the impact of each contaminant measured.
  • the deactivation coefficient configured in the memory of the control unit, corresponds for each contaminant to a level of criticality of impact on the energy performance of the fuel cell.
  • sulphides have a high level of criticality and the deactivation coefficient associated with the measurement of the sulphide level is proportionally high.
  • Table 1 describes in the third column examples of deactivation coefficient values associated with each contaminant measurement.
  • the contamination level calculated during the diagnosis 43 is used for the implementation of a predictive monitoring of the fuel cell, in particular to trigger a regeneration cycle 44 and/or a maintenance operation 45 if the permanent contamination level reaches a critical limit.
  • the control unit implements a predictive algorithm for triggering a regeneration cycle based on contamination measurements.
  • the diagnosis 43 further includes the calculation of a power correction coefficient from the level of contamination and the calculation of an estimated power deliverable by the fuel cell from said correction coefficient and a power actual measured delivered by the fuel cell.
  • the method further comprises a step of comparing the estimated power with a predetermined threshold, for example a value of approximately 95% of the measured power, and the triggering of a regeneration cycle 45 by the control unit when the estimated power is below the predetermined threshold.
  • the diagnostic method further comprises the calculation of a permanent contamination level as a function of the power ratio between a measurement of the real power following a regeneration cycle and a reference power representative of an initial state of the fuel cell.
  • the reference power is a parameter stored in the memory of the control unit.

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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel cell (4) comprising a fuel tank (2), an anode chamber into which the fuel is injected and a control unit (3) for controlling said fuel cell (4), further comprising a data communication means (11) provided to cooperate with a fuel filling station (12) and to receive, from said filling station (12), measurements of contamination (DS) of the fuel injected into the tank (2) and the control unit (3) comprises a diagnostic means able to calculate a level of contamination of said fuel cell (4) based on said measurements of contamination (DS) with at least one contaminant.

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
TITRE : PILE A COMBUSTIBLE CONNECTEE A UNE SONDE D’UNE STATION DE RECHARGE ET PROCEDE DE DIAGNOSTIC TITLE: FUEL CELL CONNECTED TO A PROBE OF A CHARGING STATION AND DIAGNOSTIC METHOD
La présente invention revendique la priorité de la demande française N°2101583 déposée le 18.02.2021 dont le contenu (texte, dessins et revendications) est ici incorporé par référence. The present invention claims the priority of French application No. 2101583 filed on 02.18.2021, the content of which (text, drawings and claims) is incorporated herein by reference.
Le domaine de l’invention concerne une pile à combustible comprenant des moyens de mesure d’un niveau de contamination du combustible injecté dans la chambre anodique et un procédé de diagnostic de ladite pile à combustible. L’invention s’applique notamment aux véhicules électrifiés alimentés en énergie par une pile à combustible. The field of the invention relates to a fuel cell comprising means for measuring a level of contamination of the fuel injected into the anode chamber and a method for diagnosing said fuel cell. The invention applies in particular to electrified vehicles powered by a fuel cell.
Une pile à combustible est un générateur électrique dans lequel l’électricité est produite grâce à l’oxydation sur une électrode d’un combustible réducteur. La pile à combustible nécessite l’approvisionnement d’un combustible, le plus souvent le dihydrogène. Il existe plusieurs types de piles à combustibles connus de l’homme du métier. Pour les véhicules électrifiés, on utilise le plus souvent la pile à membrane échangeuse de protons. Ce type de pile comporte une chambre anodique dans laquelle est injectée le dihydrogène en contact avec une anode, une chambre cathodique dans laquelle est injecté de l’oxygène en contact avec une cathode, une membrane échangeuse de protons et des catalyseurs accélérant les réactions entre les gaz. A fuel cell is an electrical generator in which electricity is produced through the oxidation on an electrode of a reducing fuel. The fuel cell requires the supply of a fuel, most often dihydrogen. There are several types of fuel cells known to those skilled in the art. For electrified vehicles, the proton exchange membrane battery is most often used. This type of cell comprises an anode chamber into which hydrogen is injected in contact with an anode, a cathode chamber into which oxygen is injected in contact with a cathode, a proton exchange membrane and catalysts accelerating the reactions between the gas.
Les performances des piles à combustibles sont dépendantes des performances de couches de catalyseur. Or les performances des catalyseurs peuvent être affectées par la présence de contaminants apparaissant dans la chaîne de production et d’approvisionnement du combustible. Classiquement, on effectue des cycles de régénération de la pile à combustible pour évacuer ces contaminants. On connaît le document WO2017098160A1 décrivant un procédé de régénération d’une pile à combustible. The performance of fuel cells is dependent on the performance of catalyst layers. However, the performance of catalysts can be affected by the presence of contaminants appearing in the fuel production and supply chain. Conventionally, fuel cell regeneration cycles are carried out to evacuate these contaminants. Document WO2017098160A1 is known describing a process for regenerating a fuel cell.
Par ailleurs, pour réduire l’introduction de contaminants, la chaîne de provisionnement du combustible est généralement contrôlée selon des standards internationaux définissant des protocoles de contrôle et déterminant les contaminants à surveiller et des limites de concentration pour chaque contaminant identifié. On peut citer par exemple le standard SAEJ2719 « Hydrogen Fuel Quality for Fuel Cell Vehicles » de l’organisme SAE International, ou bien encore le standard ISO 14687 « Qualité du Carburant Flydrogène ». Furthermore, to reduce the introduction of contaminants, the fuel supply chain is generally controlled according to standards international standards defining control protocols and determining the contaminants to be monitored and the concentration limits for each contaminant identified. Mention may be made, for example, of the standard SAEJ2719 “Hydrogen Fuel Quality for Fuel Cell Vehicles” of the organization SAE International, or even the standard ISO 14687 “Quality of Flydrogen Fuel”.
En général les chaînes de production d’hydrogène sont équipées de sondes permettant de surveiller ces niveaux de contamination. Cependant, ces sondes sont trop coûteuses pour envisager à ce jour une intégration et une surveillance en continu à bord d’un véhicule. In general, hydrogen production lines are equipped with probes to monitor these levels of contamination. However, these probes are too expensive to consider integration and continuous monitoring on board a vehicle to date.
Il existe donc un besoin de pallier les problèmes précités. Un objectif de l’invention est d’améliorer la surveillance de la contamination du combustible d’un véhicule à pile à combustible et d’améliorer l’efficacité des diagnostics de performances et de contrôle des cycles de régénération. There is therefore a need to overcome the aforementioned problems. An object of the invention is to improve the monitoring of fuel contamination of a fuel cell vehicle and to improve the efficiency of performance diagnostics and control of regeneration cycles.
Plus précisément, l’invention concerne une pile à combustible comprenant un réservoir de combustible, une chambre anodique dans laquelle le combustible est injecté et une unité de contrôle de ladite pile à combustible. Selon l’invention, elle comporte en outre un moyen de communication de données prévu pour coopérer avec une station de recharge en combustible et pour recevoir de ladite station de recharge des mesures de contamination du combustible injecté dans le réservoir et l’unité de contrôle comporte un moyen de diagnostic apte à calculer un niveau de contamination de ladite pile à combustible à partir desdites mesures de contamination d’au moins un contaminant. More specifically, the invention relates to a fuel cell comprising a fuel reservoir, an anode chamber into which the fuel is injected and a control unit for said fuel cell. According to the invention, it further comprises a data communication means provided to cooperate with a fuel recharging station and to receive from said recharging station measurements of contamination of the fuel injected into the tank and the control unit comprises diagnostic means capable of calculating a level of contamination of said fuel cell from said measurements of contamination of at least one contaminant.
Selon une variante, le moyen de diagnostic est apte à calculer un coefficient de correction de la puissance réelle à partir du niveau de contamination et une puissance estimée à partir du coefficient de correction et d’une puissance réelle mesurée, comparer la puissance estimée avec un seuil prédéterminé et déclencher un cycle de régénération lorsque la puissance estimée est inférieure au seuil prédéterminé. According to a variant, the diagnostic means is capable of calculating a correction coefficient of the real power from the level of contamination and an estimated power from the correction coefficient and a measured real power, comparing the estimated power with a predetermined threshold and triggering a regeneration cycle when the estimated power is below the predetermined threshold.
Selon une variante, l’unité de contrôle comporte en outre un moyen d’alerte apte à calculer un niveau de contamination permanent en fonction du rapport de puissance entre une mesure de la puissance réelle à la suite d’un cycle de régénération et une puissance de référence représentative d’un état initial de la pile à combustible. According to a variant, the control unit further comprises an alert means able to calculate a permanent level of contamination according to the power ratio between a measurement of the real power following a cycle of regeneration and a reference power representative of an initial state of the fuel cell.
L’invention concerne un ensemble constitué d’une pile à combustible selon l’un quelconque des modes de réalisation précédents et d’une station de recharge en combustible, ladite station comportant une sonde de mesure de contamination du combustible de la station de recharge, le moyen de communication de données de ladite pile coopère avec ladite sonde de manière à recevoir des mesures de contamination lors d’une recharge de combustible. The invention relates to an assembly consisting of a fuel cell according to any one of the preceding embodiments and of a fuel recharging station, said station comprising a probe for measuring contamination of the fuel of the recharging station, the data communication means of said cell cooperates with said probe so as to receive contamination measurements during a refueling.
L’invention prévoit également un procédé de diagnostic d’une pile à combustible mis en œuvre par une pile à combustible selon l’un quelconque des modes de réalisation précédents, dans lequel le procédé comporte les étapes suivantes : The invention also provides a method for diagnosing a fuel cell implemented by a fuel cell according to any one of the preceding embodiments, in which the method comprises the following steps:
La détermination d’une mesure de contamination d’au moins un contaminant lors d’une recharge du combustible à partir des mesures issues des moyens de communication de données, The determination of a contamination measurement of at least one contaminant during a fuel refill from the measurements taken from the data communication means,
L’élaboration d’un diagnostic consistant à calculer un niveau de contamination de ladite pile à combustible à partir de ladite mesure de contamination. The development of a diagnosis consisting in calculating a level of contamination of said fuel cell from said contamination measurement.
Selon une variante, le diagnostic comporte en outre les étapes suivantes : According to a variant, the diagnosis also comprises the following steps:
Le calcul d’un coefficient de correction de puissance à partir du niveau de contamination, Calculation of a power correction coefficient from the level of contamination,
Le calcul d’une puissance estimée délivrable par la pile à combustible à partir dudit coefficient de correction et d’une puissance réelle mesurée délivrée par la pile à combustible, The calculation of an estimated power delivered by the fuel cell from said correction coefficient and a real measured power delivered by the fuel cell,
La comparaison de la puissance estimée avec un seuil prédéterminé et le déclenchement d’un cycle de régénération lorsque la puissance estimée est inférieure au seuil prédéterminé. Comparing the estimated power with a predetermined threshold and triggering a regeneration cycle when the estimated power is below the predetermined threshold.
Selon une variante du procédé, le niveau de contamination est calculé en fonction de ladite mesure de contamination d’au moins un contaminant et d’un coefficient de désactivation associé audit contaminant. Selon une variante, le procédé comporte en outre le calcul d’un niveau de contamination permanent en fonction du rapport de puissance entre une mesure de la puissance réelle à la suite d’un cycle de régénération et une puissance de référence représentative d’un état initial de la pile à combustible et l’élaboration d’un signal d’alerte lorsque le rapport est inférieur à un seuil prédéterminé. According to a variant of the method, the level of contamination is calculated as a function of said measurement of contamination of at least one contaminant and of a deactivation coefficient associated with said contaminant. According to a variant, the method further comprises the calculation of a permanent contamination level as a function of the power ratio between a measurement of the real power following a regeneration cycle and a reference power representative of a state initialization of the fuel cell and the development of an alert signal when the ratio is below a predetermined threshold.
L’invention prévoit également un véhicule électrifié à pile à combustible, dans lequel la pile à combustible est selon l’un quelconque des modes de réalisation précédents. The invention also provides an electrified fuel cell vehicle, in which the fuel cell is according to any of the preceding embodiments.
L’invention permet d’établir un diagnostic de performance énergétique d’une pile à combustible reposant sur des mesures de contaminants obtenues par une sonde externe équipant une station de recharge. Ces mesures permettent d’établir des diagnostics prédictifs pour piloter les cycles de régénération et/ou des opérations de maintenance. The invention makes it possible to establish a diagnosis of the energy performance of a fuel cell based on measurements of contaminants obtained by an external probe fitted to a charging station. These measurements make it possible to establish predictive diagnostics to control regeneration cycles and/or maintenance operations.
D’autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit comprenant des modes de réalisation de l’invention donnés à titre d’exemples nullement limitatifs et illustrés par les dessins annexés, dans lesquels : Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the following detailed description comprising embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples and illustrated by the appended drawings, in which:
[Fig .1 ] représente un ensemble formé d’un véhicule électrifié à pile à combustible et une station de recharge en combustible conformément à l’invention ; [Fig.1] represents an assembly formed by an electrified fuel cell vehicle and a fuel charging station in accordance with the invention;
[Fig.2] représente schématiquement une pile à combustible de type à membrane échangeuse de protons apte à mettre en œuvre l’invention ; [Fig.2] schematically represents a fuel cell of the proton exchange membrane type capable of implementing the invention;
[Fig.3] représente schématiquement une unité de contrôle d’une pile à combustible mettant en œuvre un procédé de diagnostic selon l’invention ; [Fig.3] schematically represents a fuel cell control unit implementing a diagnostic method according to the invention;
[Fig .4] représente un diagramme illustrant le procédé de diagnostic selon l’invention ; [Fig.4] represents a diagram illustrating the diagnostic method according to the invention;
L’invention trouve une application dans le domaine de l’électromobilité, en particulier les véhicules électrifiés équipés d’une pile à combustible pour la génération d’énergie électrique. L’invention s’applique indépendamment du type de la pile à combustible, et vise tout système équipé d’un réservoir de combustible pour lequel on effectue des mesures de contamination à partir d’une sonde intégrée à un système de recharge externe au véhicule. L’invention peut s’appliquer aux piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons, à oxyde solide, etc. Le combustible peut être du dihydrogène ou du méthanol par exemple. The invention finds an application in the field of electromobility, in particular electrified vehicles equipped with a fuel cell for the generation of electrical energy. The invention applies independently of the type of fuel cell, and targets any system equipped with a fuel tank for which contamination measurements are carried out using a probe integrated into a recharging system external to the vehicle. The invention can be applied to fuel cells proton exchange membrane, solid oxide, etc. The fuel can be dihydrogen or methanol for example.
En figure 1 de la présente description on décrit une application de l’invention pour un véhicule automobile à traction électrifié équipé d’une pile à combustible 4 à membrane échangeuse de protons où le combustible est du dihydrogène stocké dans un réservoir à haute pression 2 du véhicule. La pile à combustible 4 fournit de l’énergie électrique à un système de batterie électrique 5 haute tension pouvant alimenter un réseau électrique de bord 6 et une machine électrique de traction 7. Ce cas d’exemple correspond à une architecture de type prolongateur d’autonomie où la pile à combustible est de faible puissance. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, la pile à combustible 4 est de haute puissance et est apte à alimenter directement la machine électrique de traction 7. In FIG. 1 of the present description, an application of the invention is described for a motor vehicle with electrified traction equipped with a fuel cell 4 with a proton exchange membrane where the fuel is dihydrogen stored in a high pressure tank 2 of the vehicle. The fuel cell 4 supplies electrical energy to a high-voltage electrical battery system 5 capable of supplying an on-board electrical network 6 and an electrical traction machine 7. This exemplary case corresponds to an architecture of the power extender type. autonomy where the fuel cell is of low power. In another embodiment, the fuel cell 4 is of high power and is capable of directly supplying the electric traction machine 7.
La pile à combustible comporte en outre une unité de contrôle électronique 3 dont la fonction est de piloter la génération d’énergie électrique à bord du véhicule, élaborer des diagnostics de performance énergétique, piloter des cycles de régénération de la pile à combustible en cas de baisse des performances, élaborer des diagnostics de contamination permanente et des alertes, notamment. En particulier, l’unité de contrôle 3 se base sur des mesures de contamination DS reçues à travers des moyens de communication de données 8 et 11 . L’unité de contrôle 3 comporte à cet effet une interface de communication de données 11 apte à communiquer avec une station de recharge 12 en dihydrogène à travers un canal de communication filaire, ou un canal de communication sans fil permettant la transmission de données par voie d’onde entre une station de recharge 12 et l’unité de contrôle 3, par exemple à travers un réseau de téléphonie mobile, 3G, 4G, ou 5G, un réseau WIFI ou par Bluetooth. The fuel cell also comprises an electronic control unit 3 whose function is to control the generation of electrical energy on board the vehicle, to produce energy performance diagnostics, to control fuel cell regeneration cycles in the event of decline in performance, develop permanent contamination diagnoses and alerts, in particular. In particular, the control unit 3 is based on contamination measurements DS received through data communication means 8 and 11 . The control unit 3 comprises for this purpose a data communication interface 11 able to communicate with a recharging station 12 in dihydrogen through a wired communication channel, or a wireless communication channel allowing the transmission of data by wave between a charging station 12 and the control unit 3, for example through a mobile telephone network, 3G, 4G, or 5G, a WIFI network or via Bluetooth.
Les mesures de contamination DS proviennent d’une sonde de mesure 10 d’un réservoir en dihydrogène 9 d’une station de recharge 12. Les mesures de contamination DS incluent les niveaux de contamination de tout ou partie des contaminants listés dans les standards internationaux de contrôle de qualités des combustibles, notamment les standards SAEJ2719 et ISO 14687. Par exemple, les mesures de contamination incluent tout ou partie des contaminants listés dans le tableau suivant et l’unité de contrôle 3 est apte à surveiller les niveaux de contamination de tout ou partie desdits contaminants par rapport à des limites prédéterminées indiquées en deuxième colonne du tableau. Les mesures de contamination ne se limitent pas à la liste fournie dans le tableau suivant. The DS contamination measurements come from a measurement probe 10 of a dihydrogen tank 9 of a recharging station 12. The DS contamination measurements include the contamination levels of all or part of the contaminants listed in the international standards of fuel quality control, in particular the SAEJ2719 and ISO 14687 standards. For example, the contamination measurements include all or some of the contaminants listed in the following table and the control unit 3 is capable of monitoring the levels of contamination of all or part of said contaminants with respect to predetermined limits indicated in the second column of the table. Contamination measures are not limited to the list provided in the following table.
[Tab 1]
Figure imgf000008_0001
[Tab 1]
Figure imgf000008_0001
La station de recharge est apte à coopérer avec l’unité de contrôle 3 de la pile à combustible pour transmettre les mesures de contamination lors d’une opération de recharge en dihydrogène. The recharging station is capable of cooperating with the control unit 3 of the fuel cell to transmit the contamination measurements during a hydrogen recharging operation.
Par ailleurs, l’unité de contrôle 3 est configurée pour appliquer à chaque contaminant un coefficient représentant l’impact sur les performances énergétiques de la pile à combustible 4. Plus le coefficient est élevé, plus le contaminant altère les performances énergétiques de la pile à combustible 4. On décrit dans la suite de la description la mise en œuvre des diagnostics de performance énergétique dépendants des mesures de contamination. En figure 2, on décrit maintenant un exemple de pile à combustible 1 connu de l’homme du métier pour laquelle on met en œuvre l’invention. Cet exemple est donné à titre illustratif et n’est pas limitatif. La pile à combustible 1 comporte une chambre anodique 20 en contact avec une anode 23, une chambre cathodique 22 en contact avec une cathode 24, une membraneuse échangeuse de proton 21. Le combustible injecté dans la chambre anodique est du dihydrogène provenant d’un réservoir haute pression du véhicule. L’invention vise à mesurer les niveaux de contamination du dihydrogène à partir de mesures effectuées par une sonde de la station de recharge lors d’une opération de recharge en dihydrogène. Furthermore, the control unit 3 is configured to apply to each contaminant a coefficient representing the impact on the energy performance of the fuel cell 4. The higher the coefficient, the more the contaminant alters the energy performance of the fuel cell. fuel 4. The following description describes the implementation of energy performance diagnostics dependent on contamination measurements. In FIG. 2, an example of a fuel cell 1 known to those skilled in the art for which the invention is implemented is now described. This example is given by way of illustration and is not limiting. The fuel cell 1 comprises an anode chamber 20 in contact with an anode 23, a cathode chamber 22 in contact with a cathode 24, a proton exchange membrane 21. The fuel injected into the anode chamber is dihydrogen coming from a tank vehicle high pressure. The invention aims to measure the levels of contamination of dihydrogen from measurements made by a probe of the recharging station during a dihydrogen recharging operation.
En figure 3, on a représenté schématiquement une unité de contrôle 3 de la pile à combustible. L’unité de contrôle 3 est munie d’un calculateur à circuits intégrés et de mémoires électroniques, le calculateur et les mémoires étant configurés pour exécuter le procédé de diagnostic de la pile à combustible. Mais cela n’est pas obligatoire. En effet, le calculateur pourrait être externe à l’unité de contrôle 3, tout en étant couplé à cette dernière 3. Dans ce dernier cas, il peut être lui-même agencé sous la forme d’un calculateur dédié comprenant un éventuel programme dédié, par exemple. Par conséquent, l’unité de commande, selon l’invention, peut être réalisé sous la forme de modules logiciels (ou informatiques (ou encore « software »)), ou bien de circuits électroniques (ou « hardware »), ou encore d’une combinaison de circuits électroniques et de modules logiciels. In Figure 3, there is shown schematically a control unit 3 of the fuel cell. The control unit 3 is provided with a computer with integrated circuits and electronic memories, the computer and the memories being configured to execute the diagnostic method of the fuel cell. But this is not mandatory. Indeed, the computer could be external to the control unit 3, while being coupled to the latter 3. In the latter case, it can itself be arranged in the form of a dedicated computer comprising a possible dedicated program , for example. Consequently, the control unit, according to the invention, can be produced in the form of software (or computer (or even “software”)) modules, or else of electronic circuits (or “hardware”), or even of a combination of electronic circuits and software modules.
Plus précisément, l’unité de contrôle 3 comporte une interface de communication de données 11 adaptée pour recevoir les mesures de contamination DS ainsi que des données de puissance électrique PW générée par la pile à combustible 4 à partir de capteurs électriques, tels des capteurs de courant et de tension. More specifically, the control unit 3 comprises a data communication interface 11 adapted to receive the contamination measurements DS as well as electrical power data PW generated by the fuel cell 4 from electrical sensors, such as current and voltage.
En outre, l’unité de contrôle 3 comporte un module de diagnostic 31 de gestion des performances énergétiques et de pilotage d’un cycle de régénération de la pile à combustible. Le module 31 élabore les consignes CSRG de pilotage d’un cycle de régénération de la pile à combustible 4 à partir des mesures de contamination DS et des données de puissance PW. Une consigne CSRG peut consister à piloter un débit de gaz dans la chambre anodique et/ou cathodique, une tension aux bornes des électrodes ou une température de la pile à combustible. En particulier, le module 4 met en œuvre un algorithme prédictif de déclenchement d’un cycle de régénération se basant sur les mesures de contamination DS et de puissance électriques PW. Un cycle de régénération consiste à nettoyer les couches catalytiques de la pile à combustible pour régénérer les performances énergétiques. Le type de régénération mis en œuvre n’est aucunement limitatif de la portée de l’invention et l’homme du métier pourra configurer un cycle de régénération adapté au type de pile à combustible utilisé dans une application donnée. Par exemple, un cycle de régénération consiste à nettoyer l’anode par passage de molécules oxydantes sur le catalyseur pendant une durée donnée et à une température prédéterminée spécifique au cycle de régénération. On peut citer également le document WO201 7098160A1 décrivant un procédé de régénération d’une pile à combustible. In addition, the control unit 3 comprises a diagnostic module 31 for managing the energy performance and for controlling a regeneration cycle of the fuel cell. The module 31 works out the CSRG setpoints for controlling a regeneration cycle of the fuel cell 4 from the contamination measurements DS and the power data PW. A CSRG setpoint can consist of controlling a gas flow in the anode and/or cathode chamber, a voltage at the terminals of the electrodes or a temperature of the fuel cell. In particular, the module 4 implements a predictive algorithm for triggering a regeneration cycle based on the measurements of contamination DS and electrical power PW. A regeneration cycle consists of cleaning the catalytic layers of the fuel cell to regenerate the energy performance. The type of regeneration implemented is in no way limiting of the scope of the invention and those skilled in the art will be able to configure a regeneration cycle adapted to the type of fuel cell used in a given application. For example, a cycle of regeneration consists of cleaning the anode by passing oxidizing molecules over the catalyst for a given time and at a predetermined temperature specific to the regeneration cycle. Mention may also be made of document WO201 7098160A1 describing a process for regenerating a fuel cell.
En outre, l’unité de contrôle 3 comporte un module d’alerte 32 apte à élaborer des signaux d’alerte SG à partir des mesures de contamination DS et des données de puissance PW de la pile à combustible 4. En particulier, lorsque le module d’alerte 32 détecte un niveau de contamination représentatif d’un niveau critique de puissance électrique produite à la suite d’un cycle de régénération, alors le module d’alerte 32 transmet un signal d’alerte SG à destination du propriétaire du véhicule pour effectuer une opération de maintenance de la pile à combustible. In addition, the control unit 3 comprises an alert module 32 capable of producing alert signals SG from the contamination measurements DS and the power data PW of the fuel cell 4. In particular, when the alert module 32 detects a level of contamination representative of a critical level of electrical power produced following a regeneration cycle, then the alert module 32 transmits an alert signal SG intended for the owner of the vehicle to perform fuel cell maintenance.
En figure 4, on décrit maintenant le procédé de diagnostic selon l’invention mis en œuvre par l’unité de contrôle de la pile à combustible. Le procédé comporte la mesure 40 d’un ou plusieurs niveaux de contaminants par une ou plusieurs sondes de la station de recharge lors d’une recharge du combustible dans le véhicule. In FIG. 4, we now describe the diagnostic method according to the invention implemented by the control unit of the fuel cell. The method comprises the measurement 40 of one or more levels of contaminants by one or more probes of the recharging station during recharging of fuel in the vehicle.
Le procédé comporte en outre la transmission 41 des mesures de contamination provenant de la station de recharge à destination de l’unité de contrôle de la pile à combustible à travers les moyens de communication de données. Les mesures sont transmises via un canal de communication de données filaire établi directement entre la station de recharge et le véhicule, ou via un canal de communication de données par voie d’onde. The method further comprises the transmission 41 of the contamination measurements coming from the recharging station to the fuel cell control unit through the data communication means. The measurements are transmitted via a wired data communication channel established directly between the charging station and the vehicle, or via a wave data communication channel.
Le procédé comporte en outre la détermination 42 par l’unité de contrôle des mesures de contamination d’au moins un contaminant lors de la recharge du combustible. The method further includes the determination 42 by the control unit of the contamination measurements of at least one contaminant during fuel recharging.
Le procédé comporte en outre l’élaboration 43 d’un diagnostic consistant à calculer un niveau de contamination de ladite pile à combustible à partir des mesures reçues de la station de recharge. Plus précisément, le niveau de contamination de la pile à combustible est calculé en fonction des mesures de contamination d’un ou de chaque contaminant et d’un coefficient de désactivation associé du contaminant ou de chaque contaminant. Le niveau de contamination d’un ou de chaque contaminant consiste à calculer la différence entre le niveau mesuré par la sonde et une limite de référence, par exemple selon les valeurs indiquées en deuxième colonne dans le tableau 1. L’excès de contamination par rapport à la limite est multiplié par le coefficient de désactivation. Le diagnostic consiste à calculer un niveau de contamination global prenant en compte l’impact de chaque contaminant mesuré. Le coefficient de désactivation, configuré en mémoire de l’unité de contrôle, correspond pour chaque contaminant à un niveau de criticité d’impact sur les performances énergétiques de la pile à combustible. Par exemple, les sulfures ont un niveau de criticité important et le coefficient de désactivation associé à la mesure du niveau de sulfure est proportionnellement élevé. Le tableau 1 décrit en troisième colonne des exemples de valeurs de coefficient de désactivation associées à chaque mesure de contaminant. The method further comprises the development 43 of a diagnosis consisting in calculating a level of contamination of said fuel cell from the measurements received from the charging station. More precisely, the level of contamination of the fuel cell is calculated according to the measurements of contamination of one or each contaminant and of an associated deactivation coefficient of the contaminant or each contaminant. The level of contamination of one or each contaminant consists in calculating the difference between the level measured by the probe and a reference limit, for example according to the values indicated in the second column in the table 1. The excess contamination over the limit is multiplied by the deactivation coefficient. The diagnosis consists of calculating an overall contamination level taking into account the impact of each contaminant measured. The deactivation coefficient, configured in the memory of the control unit, corresponds for each contaminant to a level of criticality of impact on the energy performance of the fuel cell. For example, sulphides have a high level of criticality and the deactivation coefficient associated with the measurement of the sulphide level is proportionally high. Table 1 describes in the third column examples of deactivation coefficient values associated with each contaminant measurement.
Le niveau de contamination calculé lors du diagnostic 43 est utilisé pour la mise en œuvre d’une surveillance prédictive de la pile à combustible, notamment pour déclencher un cycle de régénération 44 et/ou une opération de maintenance 45 si le niveau de contamination permanent atteint une limite critique. The contamination level calculated during the diagnosis 43 is used for the implementation of a predictive monitoring of the fuel cell, in particular to trigger a regeneration cycle 44 and/or a maintenance operation 45 if the permanent contamination level reaches a critical limit.
Dans un premier mode de surveillance, l’unité de contrôle met en œuvre un algorithme prédictif pour le déclenchement d’un cycle de régénération se basant sur les mesures de contamination. En particulier, le diagnostic 43 comporte en outre le calcul d’un coefficient de correction de puissance à partir du niveau de contamination et le calcul d’une puissance estimée délivrable par la pile à combustible à partir dudit coefficient de correction et d’une puissance réelle mesurée délivrée par la pile à combustible. Le procédé comporte en outre une étape de comparaison de la puissance estimée avec un seuil prédéterminé, par exemple de valeur d’environ de 95% de la puissance mesurée, et le déclenchement d’un cycle de régénération 45 par l’unité de contrôle lorsque la puissance estimée est inférieure au seuil prédéterminé. In a first monitoring mode, the control unit implements a predictive algorithm for triggering a regeneration cycle based on contamination measurements. In particular, the diagnosis 43 further includes the calculation of a power correction coefficient from the level of contamination and the calculation of an estimated power deliverable by the fuel cell from said correction coefficient and a power actual measured delivered by the fuel cell. The method further comprises a step of comparing the estimated power with a predetermined threshold, for example a value of approximately 95% of the measured power, and the triggering of a regeneration cycle 45 by the control unit when the estimated power is below the predetermined threshold.
Selon un deuxième mode de surveillance, le procédé de diagnostic comporte en outre le calcul d’un niveau de contamination permanent en fonction du rapport de puissance entre une mesure de la puissance réelle à la suite d’un cycle de régénération et une puissance de référence représentative d’un état initial de la pile à combustible. La puissance de référence est un paramètre enregistré en mémoire de l’unité de contrôle. Lorsque le rapport mesuré est inférieur ou égal à un seuil prédéterminé, d’environ 50% par exemple, le procédé comporte l’élaboration 45 d’un signal d’alerte à destination du propriétaire du véhicule pour effecteur une opération de maintenance, via une interface homme machine. According to a second monitoring mode, the diagnostic method further comprises the calculation of a permanent contamination level as a function of the power ratio between a measurement of the real power following a regeneration cycle and a reference power representative of an initial state of the fuel cell. The reference power is a parameter stored in the memory of the control unit. When the measured ratio is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold, approximately 50% for example, the method comprises the production 45 of a alert signal intended for the owner of the vehicle to carry out a maintenance operation, via a man-machine interface.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Pile à combustible (4) comprenant un réservoir de combustible (2), une chambre anodique (20) dans laquelle le combustible est injecté et une unité de contrôle (3) de ladite pile à combustible (4), caractérisé en ce qu’elle comporte en outre un moyen de communication de données (11) prévu pour coopérer avec une station de recharge (12) en combustible et pour recevoir de ladite station de recharge (12) des mesures de contamination (DS) du combustible injecté dans le réservoir (2) et en ce que l’unité de contrôle (3) comporte un moyen de diagnostic (31) apte à calculer un niveau de contamination de ladite pile à combustible (4) à partir desdites mesures de contamination (DS) d’au moins un contaminant. 1. Fuel cell (4) comprising a fuel reservoir (2), an anode chamber (20) into which the fuel is injected and a control unit (3) of said fuel cell (4), characterized in that it further comprises a data communication means (11) designed to cooperate with a fuel recharging station (12) and to receive from said recharging station (12) contamination measurements (DS) of the fuel injected into the tank (2) and in that the control unit (3) includes diagnostic means (31) capable of calculating a level of contamination of said fuel cell (4) from said contamination measurements (DS) of at least one contaminant.
2. Pile à combustible selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le moyen de diagnostic (31 ) est apte à : 2. Fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the diagnostic means (31) is capable of:
- Calculer un coefficient de correction de la puissance réelle à partir du niveau de contamination et une puissance estimée à partir du coefficient de correction et d’une puissance réelle mesurée, - Calculate a real power correction coefficient from the contamination level and an estimated power from the correction coefficient and a measured real power,
- Comparer la puissance estimée avec un seuil prédéterminé et déclencher un cycle de régénération lorsque la puissance estimée est inférieure au seuil prédéterminé. - Compare the estimated power with a predetermined threshold and trigger a regeneration cycle when the estimated power is below the predetermined threshold.
3. Pile à combustible selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que l’unité de contrôle (3) comporte en outre un moyen d’alerte (32) apte à calculer un niveau de contamination permanent en fonction du rapport de puissance entre une mesure de la puissance réelle (PW) à la suite d’un cycle de régénération et une puissance de référence représentative d’un état initial de la pile à combustible. 3. Fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control unit (3) further comprises a warning means (32) capable of calculating a permanent level of contamination as a function of the power ratio between a measurement of the real power (PW) following a regeneration cycle and a reference power representative of an initial state of the fuel cell.
4. Ensemble constitué d’une pile à combustible (4) et d’une station de recharge (12) en combustible, ladite station (12) comportant une sonde de mesure de contamination (10) du combustible de la station de recharge, caractérisé en ce que la pile à combustible (4) est selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, et en ce que le moyen de communication de données (11 ) de ladite pile (4) coopère avec ladite sonde (10) de manière à recevoir des mesures de contamination (DS) lors d’une recharge de combustible. 4. assembly consisting of a fuel cell (4) and a fuel recharging station (12), said station (12) comprising a contamination measurement probe (10) of the fuel of the recharging station, characterized in that the fuel cell (4) is according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, and in that the data communication means (11) of said cell (4) cooperates with said probe (10) so as to receive contamination measurements (DS) during a refueling.
5. Procédé de diagnostic d’une pile à combustible mis en œuvre par une pile à combustible selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu’il comporte les étapes suivantes : 5. A method for diagnosing a fuel cell implemented by a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- La détermination (42) d’une mesure de contamination d’au moins un contaminant lors d’une recharge du combustible à partir des mesures issues des moyens de communication de données, - L’élaboration d’un diagnostic (43) consistant à calculer un niveau de contamination de ladite pile à combustible (4) à partir de ladite mesure de contamination. - The determination (42) of a measurement of contamination of at least one contaminant during a refueling from the measurements resulting from the data communication means, - The development of a diagnosis (43) consisting in calculating a contamination level of said fuel cell (4) from said contamination measurement.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le diagnostic comporte en outre les étapes suivantes : - Le calcul d’un coefficient de correction de puissance à partir du niveau de contamination, 6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the diagnosis further comprises the following steps: - The calculation of a power correction coefficient from the level of contamination,
- Le calcul d’une puissance estimée délivrable par la pile à combustible à partir dudit coefficient de correction et d’une puissance réelle mesurée délivrée par la pile à combustible, - La comparaison de la puissance estimée avec un seuil prédéterminé et le déclenchement (44) d’un cycle de régénération lorsque la puissance estimée est inférieure au seuil prédéterminé. - The calculation of an estimated power delivered by the fuel cell from said correction coefficient and a real measured power delivered by the fuel cell, - The comparison of the estimated power with a predetermined threshold and the triggering (44 ) of a regeneration cycle when the estimated power is below the predetermined threshold.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le niveau de contamination est calculé en fonction de ladite mesure de contamination d’au moins un contaminant et d’un coefficient de désactivation associé audit contaminant. 7. Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the level of contamination is calculated according to said contamination measurement of at least one contaminant and a deactivation coefficient associated with said contaminant.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 5, 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce qu’il comporte en outre le calcul d’un niveau de contamination permanent en fonction du rapport de puissance entre une mesure de la puissance réelle à la suite d’un cycle de régénération et une puissance de référence représentative d’un état initial de la pile à combustible et l’élaboration (45) d’un signal d’alerte lorsque le rapport est inférieur à un seuil prédéterminé. 8. Method according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that it further comprises the calculation of a permanent contamination level according to the power ratio between a measurement of the real power following a cycle regeneration and a reference power representative of an initial state of the fuel cell and the development (45) of an alert signal when the ratio is below a predetermined threshold.
9. Véhicule électrifié à pile à combustible, caractérisé en ce que la pile à combustible est selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3. 9. Electrified fuel cell vehicle, characterized in that the fuel cell is according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
PCT/FR2022/050013 2021-02-18 2022-01-04 Fuel cell connected to a probe of a filling station and diagnostic method WO2022175605A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202280015740.5A CN116868388A (en) 2021-02-18 2022-01-04 Fuel cell connected to a probe of a recharging station and diagnostic method
EP22702750.5A EP4295427A1 (en) 2021-02-18 2022-01-04 Fuel cell connected to a probe of a filling station and diagnostic method

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FR2101583A FR3119941A1 (en) 2021-02-18 2021-02-18 FUEL CELL CONNECTED TO A PROBE OF A CHARGING STATION AND DIAGNOSTIC METHOD
FRFR2101583 2021-02-18

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2101583A5 (en) 1970-07-17 1972-03-31 Grohe Kg Hans
US20040081868A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-04-29 Edlund David J. Distributed fuel cell network
US20100159341A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2010-06-24 Kenji Umayahara Fuel cell system
WO2011036356A1 (en) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-31 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Method for supplying power from a fuel cell taking sulfur oxide pollution into account, and power supply device
WO2017098160A1 (en) 2015-12-10 2017-06-15 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Method for regenerating a fuel cell
US9819035B2 (en) * 2014-11-14 2017-11-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2101583A5 (en) 1970-07-17 1972-03-31 Grohe Kg Hans
US20040081868A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-04-29 Edlund David J. Distributed fuel cell network
US20100159341A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2010-06-24 Kenji Umayahara Fuel cell system
WO2011036356A1 (en) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-31 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Method for supplying power from a fuel cell taking sulfur oxide pollution into account, and power supply device
US9819035B2 (en) * 2014-11-14 2017-11-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell system
WO2017098160A1 (en) 2015-12-10 2017-06-15 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Method for regenerating a fuel cell

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EP4295427A1 (en) 2023-12-27
CN116868388A (en) 2023-10-10
FR3119941A1 (en) 2022-08-19

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