WO2022171222A1 - Electronically controlled motor with a permanent-magnetic external rotor and stator, which has freely switchable single tooth windings - Google Patents

Electronically controlled motor with a permanent-magnetic external rotor and stator, which has freely switchable single tooth windings Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022171222A1
WO2022171222A1 PCT/DE2021/100690 DE2021100690W WO2022171222A1 WO 2022171222 A1 WO2022171222 A1 WO 2022171222A1 DE 2021100690 W DE2021100690 W DE 2021100690W WO 2022171222 A1 WO2022171222 A1 WO 2022171222A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electromagnets
stator
permanent magnets
blocks
external rotor
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PCT/DE2021/100690
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ludger Sommer
Original Assignee
Mechtronic GmbH
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Application filed by Mechtronic GmbH filed Critical Mechtronic GmbH
Priority to DE112021007063.0T priority Critical patent/DE112021007063A5/en
Publication of WO2022171222A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022171222A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/09—Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators

Definitions

  • Electric motors are regularly defined by the type of excitation of the magnetic field and the position of the stator in relation to the rotor. Motors with an externally excited rotor and a multiphase-fed stator are structurally problematic, complex and expensive to manufacture.
  • An external rotor is characterized in that the stationary part of the motor (stator) is inside, while the moving part (rotor) rotates around its axis.
  • These machines are used as wheel drives, especially for electric vehicles without gear ratios. A high torque at a low speed is required for this purpose. The strong magnetic field required for this is achieved by a relatively high number of windings.
  • each phase winding is connected to one or more switches and a power source for selectively energizing the phase winding.
  • US Pat. No. 6,762,525 proposes an improvement in the magnetic field by means of a cascaded arrangement of permanent magnets.
  • Each segment of the stator electromagnet includes a pair of poles aligned in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation. This allows a plurality of axially adjacent rotor rings centered around an axis of rotation to be arranged around an axis of rotation.
  • the disadvantage of this invention can be seen in the high structural complexity.
  • DE 202013 102 358 proposes a gearless low-speed motor with a versatile, relatively simple structure for different operating modes.
  • the disadvantage of this arrangement is that, particularly in the case of small and slow-running machines with a short stator length or short laminated cores, poor efficiency is caused by the high proportion of copper.
  • EP 159005 discloses the arrangement of phase-wise connected stator poles, which acts on an equal number of opposing rotor poles. Recognizable disadvantage of this invention is that each of the phase connected electromagnets in the Zero crossings of the current cannot use the associated rotor poles for torque generation. This leads to an out-of-round running, higher mechanical stress with a simultaneously low torque.
  • a stator field has a number of stator poles that is identical to the number of phases per magnetic period. According to this, a stator field provided with the winding of one phase faces a magnetic field formed by a pair of poles.
  • the disadvantage of this invention lies in the fact that the switching of an electromagnet without the simultaneous switching of the adjacent electromagnets has disruptive repercussions on the non-switched electromagnets.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing an external rotor in such a way that it provides a high torque with smooth running, with the adjacent electromagnets influencing one another as little as possible.
  • the motor consists of a return ring (1). Permanent magnets (2) are placed in these in such a way that permanent magnets (2) of different polarity are adjacent to each other. Electromagnets (3) are provided opposite the permanent magnets (2), the end of which pointing towards the permanent magnet (2) is referred to as the stator pole (4). Due to the opposite winding direction, adjacent electromagnets (3) have differently polarized stator poles (4). Each electromagnet (3) contains a winding. The number of permanent magnets (2) is always less than the number of electromagnets (3).
  • the motor consists of at least six electromagnets (3), which are always evenly distributed over at least two operating units.
  • An operating unit consists of the electromagnets (3), which are each connected to one another via a common neutral conductor (6).
  • One or more electromagnets (3) per operating unit, which are supplied with the same phase (L) by means of the control electronics, are referred to as block (5).
  • An operating unit has at least 2 electromagnets, which are operated either in a block for phase Li or in two blocks for phases Li and L2. According to the invention, electromagnets (3) can be connected in phase during engine operation and vice versa.
  • Blocks (5) consist of a variable number of electromagnets (3), but at least one.
  • the period of the blocks (5) operated in phase corresponds to the full angle of 360°.
  • the electromagnets (3) are used in a variable number in the zero crossing of the energization via the stator poles (4) assigned to the yoke ring (1) for torque generation.
  • both the number of electromagnets (3) per block (5) and the number of operating units per motor can be changed via the control unit, with the electromagnets being connected to at least two operating units via a common neutral conductor.
  • the number of business units is expressed with the symbol BE
  • the number of blocks (5) per business unit is expressed with the symbol BN. Then the following dependency results:
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of 36 electromagnets (3) arranged around the axis (not shown) of the motor, which 32 permanent magnets (2) face. Overall, they are connected to two operating units via the neutral conductor (6). Each operating unit has the same number of electromagnets (3) and blocks. The operating units are structured identically. In each operating unit, three electromagnets (3) are connected in series to phase LN to block (5) and each operating unit then consists of 6 blocks (5) with 3 electromagnets (3), the blocks (5) having phase Li to L 6 are supplied. The phase distance between the blocks (5) of each operating unit is 60°.
  • electromagnets (3) of the respective operating unit can be connected in series to form a block (5) and vice versa.
  • the electromagnets (3) are supplied with the same phase (L). If there are several electromagnets (3) per block, the phase is in series.
  • the number of electromagnets (3) that are connected to form a block (5) can be changed during operation. For example, it can be increased or decreased by one electromagnet (3) until the minimum number is reached.
  • the number of blocks (5) per operating unit can also be changed during operation.
  • the number of operating units can also be varied during operation via the control electronics.
  • Fig. 1 shows the starting phase of an electric motor according to the invention with 36 electromagnets (3).
  • the electromagnets (3) are connected via two neural conductors (6) in two operating units to form blocks (5) of phases Li - 1. 6 , each block (5) consists of three series-powered electromagnets (3) of the same phase L n .
  • the advantage of the invention is that with a simple winding of the electromagnets (3) and thus little technical production effort, the effective windings of the electromagnets (3) during operation of the motor into blocks (5) of different sizes of the same phase LN according to the premise of torque or efficiency can be switched up or down in series.
  • the forces of the electromagnets (3) act less unilaterally on the axis and the motor runs more smoothly as a result.

Abstract

An external rotor comprises a stator inside and the rotor rotating on the outside around the motor axis. The external rotor has permanent magnets (2), the stator has teeth, a single winding is wound around each tooth and the teeth are connected in a star formation, i.e. to a neutral conductor. Each coil (3) is wound oppositely in relation to its adjacent coil. More rotor poles than stator coils are provided. In order to reduce the cogging torque, a high number of rotor poles and a different high number of stator teeth are provided. The interconnection of the coils can be changed during operation, so that the number of motor units, the number of phases and the number of coils per phase can be varied, but at least 2 motor units and 2 phases must be provided as a minimum. With 36 stator coils, 2 or 4 motor units, 6 or 3 phases and 3 coils per phase may be provided.

Description

ELEKTRONISCH GESTEUERTER MOTOR MIT DAUERMAGNETISCHEM AUSSENLÄUFER UND STATOR, DER FREIVERSCHALTBARE EINZELZAHNWICKLUNGEN AUFWEIST ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED MOTOR WITH PERMANENTLY MAGNETIC EXTERNAL ROTOR AND STATOR WITH FREELY SWITCHABLE INDIVIDUAL WINDINGS
Elektromotoren definieren sich regelmäßig über die Art der Erregung des magnetischen Feldes und die Lage von Stator zu Läufer. Motoren mit fremderregtem Läufer und mehrphasig gespeistem Stator sind konstruktiv problematisch, aufwendig und teuer in der Herstellung. Electric motors are regularly defined by the type of excitation of the magnetic field and the position of the stator in relation to the rotor. Motors with an externally excited rotor and a multiphase-fed stator are structurally problematic, complex and expensive to manufacture.
Ein Außenläufer ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der ruhende Teil des Motors (Stators) im Inneren befindet, der bewegliche Teil (Rotor) um dessen Achse rotiert. Gerade für elektrische Fahrzeuge ohne Getriebeübersetzung kommen diese Maschinen als Radantrieb zum Einsatz. Gewünscht wird dazu ein hohes Drehmoment bei geringer Drehzahl. Das dazu benötigte starke Magnetfeld wird durch eine relativ hohe Anzahl von Wicklungen erreicht.An external rotor is characterized in that the stationary part of the motor (stator) is inside, while the moving part (rotor) rotates around its axis. These machines are used as wheel drives, especially for electric vehicles without gear ratios. A high torque at a low speed is required for this purpose. The strong magnetic field required for this is achieved by a relatively high number of windings.
Im Gegensatz zu hochdrehenden Motoren mit einem geringen Drehmoment und relativ geringerer Anzahl von Wicklungen ist deren Wirkungsgrad wegen des höheren Widerstandes und dadurch bedingter höherer Wärmeerzeugung regelmäßig schlechter. In contrast to high-speed motors with a low torque and a relatively small number of windings, their efficiency is regularly lower because of the higher resistance and the resulting higher heat generation.
Für die Erhöhung von Leistung und Drehmoment schlägt US 6727668 eine optimierte Steuerung vor. Der Nachteil dieser Erfindung besteht darin, dass jede Phasenwicklung mit einem oder mehreren Schaltern und einer Energiequelle zur selektiven Erregung der Phasenwicklung verbunden ist. US 6727668 proposes an optimized control for increasing power and torque. The disadvantage of this invention is that each phase winding is connected to one or more switches and a power source for selectively energizing the phase winding.
Mit US 6762525 wird eine Verbesserung des magnetischen Feldes durch eine kaskadierte Anordnung von Permanentmagneten vorgeschlagen. Dabei umfasst jedes Satorelektromagnetsegment ein Paar von Polen, die in einer Richtung parallel zur Drehachse ausgerichtet sind. Damit lassen sich mehrere um eine Drehachse zentrierte und axial benachbarte Rotorringe um eine Drehachse anordnen. Der Nachteil dieser Erfindung ist im hohen konstruktiven Aufwand zu erkennen. US Pat. No. 6,762,525 proposes an improvement in the magnetic field by means of a cascaded arrangement of permanent magnets. Each segment of the stator electromagnet includes a pair of poles aligned in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation. This allows a plurality of axially adjacent rotor rings centered around an axis of rotation to be arranged around an axis of rotation. The disadvantage of this invention can be seen in the high structural complexity.
Ein Problem getriebeloser Motoren besteht darin, dass der Bereich des Anfahrens und des Fährbetriebes unterschiedlichen dynamischen Bereichen zugeordnet ist. DE 202013 102 358 schlägt dazu einen getriebelosen Niederdrehzahlmotor mit einem vielseitigen relativ einfachen Aufbau für verschiedene Betriebsarten vor. Dieser Außenläufer mit seitlich angeordneten Permanentmotoren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzahl der Phasen des Elektromotors jede Zahl aus dem Bereich von N= 2, 3, 4, 6 annehmen kann, die Anzahl der Elektromagnete ein Vielfaches der Phasenzahl ist und die Anzahl der Permanentmagneten nicht dem Vielfachen der Elektromagnete entspricht und größer als die Anzahl der Elekromagnete. Der Nachteil dieser Anordnung besteht darin, dass besonders bei kleinen und langsam laufenden Maschinen mit kurzer Statorlänge bzw. kurzen Blechpaketen durch den hohen Kupferanteil ein schlechter Wirkungsgrad begründet wird. One problem with gearless motors is that the range of starting and driving is assigned to different dynamic ranges. For this purpose, DE 202013 102 358 proposes a gearless low-speed motor with a versatile, relatively simple structure for different operating modes. This external rotor with laterally arranged permanent motors is characterized in that the number of phases of the electric motor can be any number in the range of N= 2, 3, 4, 6, the number of electromagnets is a multiple of the number of phases and the number of permanent magnets is not corresponds to the multiple of electromagnets and greater than the number of electromagnets. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that, particularly in the case of small and slow-running machines with a short stator length or short laminated cores, poor efficiency is caused by the high proportion of copper.
Um bei langsam laufenden Maschinen die Wicklungsverluste zu minimieren, offenbart EP 159005 die Anordnung von phasenweise zusammengeschlossenen Statorpolen, die auf eine gleichgroße Anzahl gegenüberstehender Läuferpole wirkt. Erkennbarer Nachteil dieser Erfindung ist, dass die jeweils zur Phase zusammengeschlossenen Elektromagneten in den Nulldurchgängen der Bestromung die zugeordneten Läuferpole nicht für die Drehmomentbildung ausnutzen können. Dies führt zu einem unrunden Lauf, höhere mechanische Belastung bei einem gleichzeitig geringen Drehmoment. In order to minimize the winding losses in slow-running machines, EP 159005 discloses the arrangement of phase-wise connected stator poles, which acts on an equal number of opposing rotor poles. Recognizable disadvantage of this invention is that each of the phase connected electromagnets in the Zero crossings of the current cannot use the associated rotor poles for torque generation. This leads to an out-of-round running, higher mechanical stress with a simultaneously low torque.
DE 195 07489 offenbart eine elektrische Maschine, bei der ein Statorfeld pro magnetischer Periode eine zur Anzahl der Phasen identische Zahl von Statorpolen aufweist. Danach steht ein mit der Wicklung einer Phase versehenes Statorfeld einem aus einem Polpaar gebildeten magnetischen Feld gegenüber. Der Nachteil dieser Erfindung liegt darin, dass das Schalten eines Elektromagneten ohne das gleichzeitige Schalten der benachbarten Elektromagneten störende Rückwirkungen auf die nichtgeschalteten Elektromagneten mit sich bringt. DE 195 07489 discloses an electrical machine in which a stator field has a number of stator poles that is identical to the number of phases per magnetic period. According to this, a stator field provided with the winding of one phase faces a magnetic field formed by a pair of poles. The disadvantage of this invention lies in the fact that the switching of an electromagnet without the simultaneous switching of the adjacent electromagnets has disruptive repercussions on the non-switched electromagnets.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Außenläufer so zu beschaffen, dass er ein hohes Drehmoment bei einem runden Lauf bereitstellt, wobei die benachbarten Elektromagneten sich möglichst wenig gegenseitig beeinflussen. The invention is based on the object of providing an external rotor in such a way that it provides a high torque with smooth running, with the adjacent electromagnets influencing one another as little as possible.
Es handelt sich um einen elektronisch angesteuerten Asynchron-Elektromotor als Außenläufer mit permanenterregtem Läufer und phasig gespeistem Stator, im weiteren Motor genannt. Die elektronische Ansteuerung erfolgt über eine Steuerelektronik, die nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung ist. Der Motor besteht aus einem Rückschlussring (1). In diesen sind Dauermagnete (2) so eingebracht, dass sich jeweils Dauermagneten (2) unterschiedlicher Polung benachbarn. Den Dauermagneten (2) gegenüber sind Elektromagnete (3) vorgesehen, deren zum Dauermagnet (2) zeigendes Ende als Statorpol (4) bezeichnet wird. Infolge der gegenläufigen Wicklungsrichtung weisen benachbarte Elektromagnete (3) unterschiedlich gepolte Statorpole (4) auf. Jeder Elektromagnet (3) enthält eine Wicklung. Die Anzahl der Dauermagneten (2) ist stets geringer als die Anzahl der Elektromagneten (3). It is an electronically controlled asynchronous electric motor as an external rotor with a permanently excited rotor and a phase-fed stator, referred to below as the motor. The electronic control takes place via control electronics, which is not the subject of the invention. The motor consists of a return ring (1). Permanent magnets (2) are placed in these in such a way that permanent magnets (2) of different polarity are adjacent to each other. Electromagnets (3) are provided opposite the permanent magnets (2), the end of which pointing towards the permanent magnet (2) is referred to as the stator pole (4). Due to the opposite winding direction, adjacent electromagnets (3) have differently polarized stator poles (4). Each electromagnet (3) contains a winding. The number of permanent magnets (2) is always less than the number of electromagnets (3).
Der Motor besteht aus mindestens sechs Elektromagneten (3), die stets gleichmäßig auf mindestens zwei Betriebseinheiten verteilt sind. Eine Betriebseinheit besteht aus den Elektromagneten (3), die über jeweils einen gemeinsamen Neutralleiter (6) miteinander verbunden sind. Ein oder mehrere Elektromagneten (3) je Betriebseinheit, die mittels der Steuerelektronik mit derselben Phase (L) versorgt werden, werden als Block (5) bezeichnet. Eine Betriebseinheit weist mindestens 2 Elektromagneten auf, die entweder im Block zur Phase Li oder in zwei Blöcken der Phasen Li und L2 betrieben werden. Nach der Erfindung lassen sich während des Motorbetriebes Elektromagneten (3) phasengleich zusammenschalten und umgekehrt. So bestehen Blöcke (5) aus einer veränderbaren Anzahl Elektromagneten (3), mindestens jedoch einem. Innerhalb der Betriebseinheit entspricht die Periodendauer der phasengleich betriebenen Blöcke (5) dem Vollwinkel von 360°. Dadurch werden die Elektromagneten (3) in veränderbarer Anzahl im Nulldurchgang der Bestromung über die dem Rückschlussring (1) zugeordneten Statorpole (4) für die Drehmomentbildung genutzt. The motor consists of at least six electromagnets (3), which are always evenly distributed over at least two operating units. An operating unit consists of the electromagnets (3), which are each connected to one another via a common neutral conductor (6). One or more electromagnets (3) per operating unit, which are supplied with the same phase (L) by means of the control electronics, are referred to as block (5). An operating unit has at least 2 electromagnets, which are operated either in a block for phase Li or in two blocks for phases Li and L2. According to the invention, electromagnets (3) can be connected in phase during engine operation and vice versa. Blocks (5) consist of a variable number of electromagnets (3), but at least one. Within the operating unit, the period of the blocks (5) operated in phase corresponds to the full angle of 360°. As a result, the electromagnets (3) are used in a variable number in the zero crossing of the energization via the stator poles (4) assigned to the yoke ring (1) for torque generation.
Während des Betriebs des Motors lässt sich über die Steuereinheit sowohl die Anzahl Elektromagneten (3) je Block (5) und ebenso die Anzahl Betriebseinheiten je Motor verändern, wobei nach der Erfindung die Elektromagneten über einen gemeinsamen Neutralleiter zu mindestens zwei Betriebseinheiten verbunden sind. Die Anzahl Betriebseinheiten wird mit dem Formelzeichen BE, die Anzahl Blöcke (5) je Betriebseinheit wird mit dem Formelzeichen BN ausgedrückt. Danach ergibt sich folgende Abhängigkeit: During operation of the motor, both the number of electromagnets (3) per block (5) and the number of operating units per motor can be changed via the control unit, with the electromagnets being connected to at least two operating units via a common neutral conductor. The number of business units is expressed with the symbol BE, the number of blocks (5) per business unit is expressed with the symbol BN. Then the following dependency results:
Anzahl Elektromagnete Eges = BE * BN wobei gilt: Eges mindestens 6, BE > 2 Number of electromagnets E total = BE * BN where: E total at least 6, BE > 2
Ausführungsbeispiel: Example:
Fig. 1 zeigt exemplarisch 36 Elektromagnete (3), um die Achse (nicht dargestellt) des Motors angeordnet, denen 32 Dauermagnete (2) gegenüberstehen. Insgesamt sind sie über den Neutralleiter (6) zu zwei Betriebseinheiten verbunden. Jede Betriebseinheit weist dieselbe Anzahl Elektromagneten (3) und Blöcke auf. Die Betriebseinheiten sind identisch aufgebaut. In jeder Betriebseinheit sind jeweils drei Elektromagnete (3) in Reihe zur Phase LN zum Block (5) geschaltet und jede Betriebseinheit besteht danach aus 6 Blöcken (5) ä 3 Elektromagneten (3), wobei die Blöcke (5) über die Phase Li bis L6 versorgt werden. Der Phasenabstand der Blöcke (5) jeder Betriebseinheit zueinander beträgt 60°. Fig. 1 shows an example of 36 electromagnets (3) arranged around the axis (not shown) of the motor, which 32 permanent magnets (2) face. Overall, they are connected to two operating units via the neutral conductor (6). Each operating unit has the same number of electromagnets (3) and blocks. The operating units are structured identically. In each operating unit, three electromagnets (3) are connected in series to phase LN to block (5) and each operating unit then consists of 6 blocks (5) with 3 electromagnets (3), the blocks (5) having phase Li to L 6 are supplied. The phase distance between the blocks (5) of each operating unit is 60°.
Nach der Erfindung können Elektromagnete (3) der jeweiligen Betriebseinheit zu einem Block (5) in Reihe verschaltet werden und umgekehrt. In einem Block (5) werden die Elektromagneten (3) mit derselben Phase (L) versorgt. Bei mehreren Elektromagneten (3) je Block liegt die Phase in Reihe an. Die Anzahl Elektromagneten (3), die zu einem Block (5) verschaltet werden, ist während des Betriebes veränderbar. Sie kann zum Beispiel erhöht oder bis zum Erreichen der Mindestanzahl von einem Elektromagneten (3) verringert verändert werden. Ebenso ist die Anzahl der Blöcke (5) je Betriebseinheit während des Betriebs veränderbar. Auch die Anzahl Betriebseinheiten lässt sich während des Betriebs über die Steuerelektronik variieren. According to the invention, electromagnets (3) of the respective operating unit can be connected in series to form a block (5) and vice versa. In a block (5), the electromagnets (3) are supplied with the same phase (L). If there are several electromagnets (3) per block, the phase is in series. The number of electromagnets (3) that are connected to form a block (5) can be changed during operation. For example, it can be increased or decreased by one electromagnet (3) until the minimum number is reached. The number of blocks (5) per operating unit can also be changed during operation. The number of operating units can also be varied during operation via the control electronics.
Am Beispiel eines Motors mit 36 Elektromagneten sind danach folgende Betriebszustände möglich: Using the example of a motor with 36 electromagnets, the following operating states are then possible:
BE=2, 18 Blöcke á 1 Elektromagnet BE=2, 9 Blöcke á 2 Elektromagneten BE=2, 6 Blöcke á 3 Elektromagneten BE=2, 3 Blöcke á 6 Elektromagneten BE=2, 2 Blöcke á 9 Elektromagneten BE=2, 18 blocks each with 1 electromagnet BE=2, 9 blocks each with 2 electromagnets BE=2, 6 blocks each with 3 electromagnets BE=2, 3 blocks each with 6 electromagnets BE=2, 2 blocks each with 9 electromagnets
BE=3, 12 Blöcke á 1 Elektromagnet BE=3, 6 Blöcke á 2 Elektromagneten BE=3, 4 Blöcke á 3 Elektromagneten BE=3, 6 Blöcke á 6 Elektromagneten BE=4, 9 Blöcke á 1 Elektromagnet BE=4, 3 Blöcke á 3 Elektromagneten BE=3, 12 blocks each with 1 electromagnet BE=3, 6 blocks each with 2 electromagnets BE=3, 4 blocks each with 3 electromagnets BE=3, 6 blocks each with 6 electromagnets BE=4, 9 blocks each with 1 electromagnet BE=4, 3 blocks each with 3 electromagnets
BE=6, 6 Blöcke á 1 Elektromagnet BE=6, 3 Blöcke á 2 Elektromagneten BE=6, 2 Blöcke á 3 Elektromagneten BE=6, 6 blocks each with 1 electromagnet BE=6, 3 blocks each with 2 electromagnets BE=6, 2 blocks each with 3 electromagnets
BE=12, 3 Blöcke á 1 Elektromagnet BE=12, 3 blocks with 1 electromagnet each
Fig. 1 zeigt die Startphase eines Elektromotors nach der Erfindung mit 36 Elektromagneten (3). Die Elektromagneten (3) sind über zwei Neuralleiter (6) in zwei Betriebseinheiten zu Blöcken (5) der Phasen Li - 1.6 geschaltet, jeder Block (5) besteht aus drei in Reihe versorgter Elektromagneten (3) derselben Phase Ln. Fig. 1 shows the starting phase of an electric motor according to the invention with 36 electromagnets (3). The electromagnets (3) are connected via two neural conductors (6) in two operating units to form blocks (5) of phases Li - 1. 6 , each block (5) consists of three series-powered electromagnets (3) of the same phase L n .
Fig. 2 zeigt den Dauerbetrieb des Elektromotors: Nach Erreichen eines Schwellenwertes wird über die Steuerelektronik die Anzahl Betriebseinheiten von zwei auf vier erhöht. Dazu werden jeweils drei Elektromotoren (3) zu einem Block (5) geschaltet. Der Phasenabstand Li - L3 je Block (5) beträgt danach 120°. 2 shows the continuous operation of the electric motor: after a threshold value has been reached, the number of operating units is increased from two to four via the control electronics. For this purpose, three electric motors (3) are connected to form a block (5). The phase distance Li - L 3 per block (5) is then 120°.
Der Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, dass bei einfacher Wicklung der Elektromagneten (3) und damit geringem technischem Herstellungsaufwand die wirksamen Wicklungen der Elektromagneten (3) während des Betriebs des Motors zu unterschiedlich großen Blöcken (5) gleicher Phase LN entsprechend der Prämisse Drehmoment oder Wirkungsgrad in Reihe rauf oder runter geschaltet werden können. Hinzu kommt, dass durch die veränderbare Anzahl von Betriebseinheit die Kräfte der Elektromagnete (3) weniger einseitig auf die Achse wirken und der Motor dadurch ruhiger läuft. The advantage of the invention is that with a simple winding of the electromagnets (3) and thus little technical production effort, the effective windings of the electromagnets (3) during operation of the motor into blocks (5) of different sizes of the same phase LN according to the premise of torque or efficiency can be switched up or down in series. In addition, due to the variable number of operating units, the forces of the electromagnets (3) act less unilaterally on the axis and the motor runs more smoothly as a result.
Bezeichnerliste: identifier list:
1. Rückschlussring 1. Inference ring
2. Dauermagnet 2. Permanent magnet
3. Elektromagnet 3. Electromagnet
4. Statorpol 4. Stator Pole
5. Block 5th blocks
6. Neutralleiter 6. Neutral wire
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Figure 1 Figure 2

Claims

Anspruch: Claim:
Ein elektronisch angesteuerter Asynchron-Elektromotor als Außenläufer mit permanenterregtem Läufer und phasig gespeistem Stator, bestehend aus mindestens sechs einfachgewickelten Elektromagneten (S), Rückschlussring (1), Dauermagneten (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Rückschlussring (1) anbringbare Dauermagnete (2) eine unterschiedliche Polung zu den jeweils benachbarten Dauermagneten (2) aufweisen, die Elektromagneten (S) zum jeweils benachbarten Elektromagneten (S) eine gegenläufige Wicklung besitzen, die Anzahl der Elektromagneten (S) geringer ist als die Anzahl der Dauermagneten (2), die Elektromagneten (S) zum Block (5), bestehend aus einem oder mehreren phasengleich versorgten Elektromagneten (3), verschaltbar sind, die Elektromagneten (3) über den gemeinsamen Neutralleiter (6) zu mindestens zwei Betriebseinheiten verbunden sind, die Elektromagneten auf die Betriebseinheiten stets gleichmäßig verteilt sind, die Anzahl Betriebseinheiten, die Anzahl phasengleich versorgter Elektromagneten (3) je Block als auch die Anzahl Blöcke je Betriebseinheit während des Motorbetriebes veränderbar sind. An electronically controlled asynchronous electric motor as an external rotor with a permanently excited rotor and phase-fed stator, consisting of at least six single-wound electromagnets (S), yoke ring (1), permanent magnets (2), characterized in that permanent magnets (2) that can be attached in the yoke ring (1) have a different polarity to the adjacent permanent magnets (2), the electromagnets (S) have opposite windings to the adjacent electromagnets (S), the number of electromagnets (S) is less than the number of permanent magnets (2), the electromagnets (S) can be connected to form a block (5), consisting of one or more electromagnets (3) supplied in phase, the electromagnets (3) are connected to at least two operating units via the common neutral conductor (6), the electromagnets are always applied evenly to the operating units are distributed, the number of operating units, the number of elec Tromagneten (3) per block and the number of blocks per operating unit can be changed during engine operation.
PCT/DE2021/100690 2021-02-11 2021-08-12 Electronically controlled motor with a permanent-magnetic external rotor and stator, which has freely switchable single tooth windings WO2022171222A1 (en)

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DE202021100676.5U DE202021100676U1 (en) 2021-02-11 2021-02-11 Arrangement of stator poles to rotor poles of a commutatorless electric motor
DE202021100676.5 2021-02-11

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0159005A2 (en) 1984-04-16 1985-10-23 Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft für magnetmotorische Technik mbH Electrically controlled electromotor
DE19507489A1 (en) 1995-03-03 1996-09-19 Thomas Dipl Ing Strothmann Electric machine with independent excitation esp. permanent magnet rotor and multiphase stator e.g. for vehicle drive motor
US6727668B1 (en) 2002-06-19 2004-04-27 Wavecrest Laboratories, Llc Precision brushless motor control utilizing independent phase parameters
US6762525B1 (en) 2002-04-30 2004-07-13 Wavecrest Laboratories, Llc Cascaded rotary electric motors having axial and radial air gaps
US20100133826A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2010-06-03 Pedro Luis Benito Santiago Method and apparatus for generating power in a wind turbine
US20110050138A1 (en) * 2009-09-03 2011-03-03 Yi Li Electric Motor and Electric Generator
DE202013102358U1 (en) 2013-05-30 2013-06-11 Sagdakov Electrodrive Ltd. OOO "Electroprivod Sagdakova" Commutatorless electric motor

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0159005A2 (en) 1984-04-16 1985-10-23 Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft für magnetmotorische Technik mbH Electrically controlled electromotor
DE19507489A1 (en) 1995-03-03 1996-09-19 Thomas Dipl Ing Strothmann Electric machine with independent excitation esp. permanent magnet rotor and multiphase stator e.g. for vehicle drive motor
US6762525B1 (en) 2002-04-30 2004-07-13 Wavecrest Laboratories, Llc Cascaded rotary electric motors having axial and radial air gaps
US6727668B1 (en) 2002-06-19 2004-04-27 Wavecrest Laboratories, Llc Precision brushless motor control utilizing independent phase parameters
US20110050138A1 (en) * 2009-09-03 2011-03-03 Yi Li Electric Motor and Electric Generator
US20100133826A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2010-06-03 Pedro Luis Benito Santiago Method and apparatus for generating power in a wind turbine
DE202013102358U1 (en) 2013-05-30 2013-06-11 Sagdakov Electrodrive Ltd. OOO "Electroprivod Sagdakova" Commutatorless electric motor

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