WO2022170592A1 - 具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备和电源模块 - Google Patents

具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备和电源模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022170592A1
WO2022170592A1 PCT/CN2021/076591 CN2021076591W WO2022170592A1 WO 2022170592 A1 WO2022170592 A1 WO 2022170592A1 CN 2021076591 W CN2021076591 W CN 2021076591W WO 2022170592 A1 WO2022170592 A1 WO 2022170592A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
outdoor electronic
insulating layer
relief device
wire
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PCT/CN2021/076591
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戴传友
史迎春
马卫军
王啟伟
尹隆辉
常安
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/076591 priority Critical patent/WO2022170592A1/zh
Priority to CN202180091641.0A priority patent/CN116762244A/zh
Publication of WO2022170592A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022170592A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of mobile communication technologies, and in particular, to an outdoor electronic device and a power supply module with a ground-free lightning protection function.
  • Outdoor electronic equipment is the interface equipment for mobile equipment to access the Internet, and it is also a form of radio station. letter radio.
  • Outdoor electronic equipment usually includes a metal casing and a power module arranged in the metal casing.
  • the metal casing is arranged on a fixed component (such as a mounting pole or a wall) through a mounting piece, and the power module is used to supply power to the power consumption unit in the communication base station equipment. .
  • basic insulation is used between the neutral wire and the live wire in the power module and the metal casing.
  • insulating paint is arranged on the surface of the neutral wire and the live wire, or insulating paint is arranged on the inner surface of the metal casing, etc. , in order to prevent the current on the neutral or live wire from leaking to the metal shell, making the metal shell electrified.
  • both the power grounding and the local grounding point on the metal casing are grounded.
  • the current can be directly released to the ground through the power grounding wire or the local grounding wire, so as to prevent the metal casing from generating current and causing damage to the ground. Risk of electric shock or numbness.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an outdoor electronic device and a power supply module with a grounding-free lightning protection function, which can solve the problem that electric shock and electric shock risks are easily generated when the traditional outdoor electronic device is not properly grounded.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an outdoor electronic device with a grounding-free lightning protection function, including a metal casing, a power module, and a first high-voltage discharge device; the metal casing is used for fixing with a fixing component, and the power module is arranged on the metal casing.
  • the power module includes a neutral wire and a live wire, there are double insulating layers between the neutral wire and the metal casing, and between the live wire and the metal casing, and the neutral wire and the live wire are connected to the metal casing through the first high-voltage relief device, wherein,
  • the maximum voltage value that the double insulating layer is subjected to during the withstand voltage test is less than the startup voltage of the first high-voltage relief device, and the startup voltage of the first high-voltage relief device is smaller than the withstand voltage value of the double insulating layer ;
  • double insulating layers are provided between the neutral wire and the metal casing and between the live wire and the metal casing, so as to realize the insulation between the neutral wire and the live wire and the metal casing respectively, so as to ensure the normal operation of the outdoor electronic equipment.
  • the double insulation does not occupy a large volume and can ensure sufficient strength of insulation, and can meet the test requirements for the safe electrical performance of outdoor electronic equipment (such as communication equipment).
  • the neutral wire the live wire
  • the ground wire the live wire
  • the grounding the live wire
  • the grounding the grounding is irregular
  • the outdoor electronic equipment is subjected to lightning surge voltage
  • the The lightning surge voltage can pre-excite the first high-voltage discharge device to discharge the voltage, so that the high surge voltage gathered on the neutral wire can be transiently discharged to the metal casing through the first high-voltage discharge device, and then installed Fixed components such as rods or walls are transiently released to the ground, so as to stabilize the voltage on the zero live wire within the withstand voltage range of the double insulation layer, thereby preventing lightning surge transient voltage from causing damage to the double insulation layer and ensuring the zero live wire.
  • the current on the device will not leak to the metal casing, thereby avoiding the risk of electric shock and galling when the grounding is not standardized.
  • the start-up voltage of the first high-voltage relief device is greater than the maximum voltage value of the double insulating layer during the withstand voltage test, so that the double insulating layer can be applied to the double insulating layer during the withstand voltage test of the outdoor electronic equipment.
  • Pressure to withstand voltage requirements such as the voltage of 4243Vdc, to accurately test whether the double insulating layer meets the withstand voltage requirements, avoiding the discharge voltage of the first high-voltage relief device during the withstand voltage test and failing to test whether the double insulating layer reaches the withstand voltage. Require.
  • the outdoor electronic device further includes a mounting member, and the metal casing is fixed on the fixing member through the mounting member, so as to improve the stability between the metal casing and the fixing member, and at the same time facilitate the mounting of the metal casing on the fixing member. assembly.
  • the mount is configured as an electrical conductor.
  • the mounting part As a conductive part, when the metal casing is not grounded or the grounding is irregular, and the outdoor electronic equipment is subjected to a lightning surge voltage, the lightning surge voltage can pre-excite the first high-voltage relief device to discharge the voltage, So that the high surge voltage gathered on the zero live wire can be transiently discharged to the metal casing through the first high-voltage relief device, and then transiently discharged to the ground through the mounting member and fixed components such as mounting rods or walls.
  • the voltage on the neutral live wire is stabilized within the withstand voltage range of the double insulating layer.
  • an insulating layer is provided on the outer surface of the mounting member.
  • the outdoor electronic device further includes a second high-voltage relief device
  • the second high-voltage relief device is arranged outside the metal casing, and the metal casing is connected to the fixed component through the second high-voltage relief device. In this way, when the metal casing is not grounded or the grounding is irregular, the outdoor electronic equipment is subjected to lightning surge voltage.
  • the high surge voltage stimulates the first high-voltage discharge device and the second discharge device to start working, so that the high surge voltage gathered on the zero live wire is first transiently discharged to the metal casing through the first high-voltage discharge device, Then it is transiently released to the fixed component such as the mounting rod or the wall through the second high-voltage relief device, and finally is transiently released to the ground through the mounting rod or the wall, so that even when the electrical conductivity of the mounting piece is poor, It can discharge the high voltage to the fixed components and finally to the ground, so as to stabilize the voltage on the zero live wire within the withstand voltage range of the double insulation layer, prevent the lightning surge transient voltage from causing damage to the double insulation layer, and ensure the zero live wire The current will not leak to the metal shell, which further avoids the risk of electric shock and electric shock when the grounding is not standardized.
  • the start-up voltage of the second high-voltage discharge device is lower than the start-up voltage of the first high-voltage discharge device, so that when the outdoor electronic equipment is subjected to a lightning surge voltage, the surge voltage can pre-excite the first high-voltage discharge device.
  • the second high-voltage relief device starts to work, and then activates the first high-voltage relief voltage to start work, and at the same time ensures that the start-up voltage of the second high-voltage relief device is less than the withstand voltage value of the double insulating layer, so that the high surge voltage that converges on the zero live wire
  • the first high-pressure relief device, the metal casing and the second high-pressure relief device it is transiently released to a fixed component such as a mounting rod or a wall, and finally it is transiently discharged to the ground through the mounting rod or wall, avoiding high voltage leakage.
  • the surge voltage breaks down the double insulating layer and causes a safety hazard in outdoor electronic equipment.
  • the mounting part of the outdoor electronic equipment is configured as an insulating mounting part, and the starting voltage of the second high-voltage relief device is lower than the withstand voltage value of the insulating mounting part.
  • the mounting piece As an insulating mounting piece, when the metal casing is charged, the current leaks directly to the mounting pole or the wall through the mounting piece, thereby causing electric shock or electric shock to persons on the ground.
  • the start-up voltage of the second high-voltage relief device to be less than the withstand voltage value of the insulating mounting piece, to ensure that the high surge voltage released to the metal casing pre-excites the second high-voltage relief device to start work, so that the The high surge voltage is finally discharged to the ground through the second high-voltage discharge device, so as to avoid the high surge voltage breaking down the insulating mounting piece and affecting the insulating performance of the insulating mounting piece.
  • the mounting member is configured as an insulating mounting member;
  • the outdoor electronic device further includes a second high-voltage relief device;
  • the second high-voltage relief device is arranged outside the metal shell, the metal shell is connected to the fixed component through the second high-voltage relief device, and the starting voltage of the second high-voltage relief device is lower than the The startup voltage of the first high-voltage relief device, and the startup voltage of the second high-voltage relief device is lower than the withstand voltage value of the insulating mounting member.
  • the outdoor electronic device further includes a local ground wire, one end of the local ground wire is electrically connected to the metal casing, and the other end of the local ground wire is used for grounding.
  • the local ground wire is connected to the metal casing, so that when the local ground wire is grounded, the first high-voltage relief device can transmit the high surge voltage gathered on the neutral wire through the metal casing and the local ground wire transiently It is discharged to the ground, which not only ensures that the transient voltage of lightning strike will not break down the double insulating layer, but also ensures that the metal shell will not have the risk of electric shock or electric shock, and does not require the second high-voltage discharge device to work, thereby extending the second high-voltage discharge. life of the device.
  • the first end of the first high-voltage relief device is connected to the neutral wire and the live wire, and the second end of the first high-voltage relief device is connected to the metal casing, which can not only prevent high surge voltage Damage caused by the double insulating layer ensures that the current on the neutral wire will not leak to the metal casing, and the embodiment of the present application can improve the anti-surge capability of the insulation system between the neutral wire and the metal casing with a small volume and low-cost structure , thereby improving the adaptability of the outdoor electronic device to various complex scenes.
  • the outdoor electronic device further includes a shorting component, and the shorting component includes a shorting piece and an insulating sheet;
  • One end of the shorting piece is connected to the first end of the first high-voltage relief device.
  • the other end of the shorting piece is connected to the metal casing, so that the high surge voltage gathered on the neutral wire will be
  • the short-circuit component and the metal casing are transiently discharged to the ground, and the first high-voltage discharge device does not need to work, thereby prolonging the service life of the first high-voltage discharge device; when the local ground wire is not grounded, the insulating sheet is set at the short-circuit point.
  • the discharge to the ground can also ensure that the basic insulation layer between the neutral wire and the metal casing is damaged, and avoid the risk of electric shock and electric shock when the grounding is not standardized.
  • the shorting member is a conductive elastic piece, one end of the conductive elastic piece is connected to the first end of the first high-voltage relief device, and the other end of the conductive elastic piece can move in a direction close to or away from the metal casing.
  • the shorting piece By arranging the shorting piece as a shorting elastic piece, it is not only convenient for the insulating sheet to be quickly inserted between the shorting elastic piece and the metal shell, but also for the rapid removal of the insulating sheet. At the same time, the shorting elastic piece can be automatically It abuts on the inner wall of the metal shell to realize quick connection with the metal shell.
  • the outdoor electronic device further includes a power ground wire, one end of the power ground wire is electrically connected to the metal casing, and the other end of the power ground wire is used for grounding.
  • the outdoor electronic device further includes a power ground wire
  • a through hole is formed on the metal outer shell and the metal inner shell of the power module, one end of the power grounding wire passes through the through hole and is electrically connected with the second end of the lightning arrester, and the power supply is grounded The other end of the wire is used for grounding;
  • the power ground wire is spaced apart from the inner wall of the through hole.
  • the outdoor electronic equipment further includes a lightning protector
  • the first end of the surge arrester is connected with the neutral line and the live line
  • the second end of the surge arrester is connected with the first end of the first high-voltage relief device
  • the second end of the first high-voltage relief device is connected with the metal casing.
  • a lightning protection device is connected in series between the first high-voltage discharge device and the neutral live wire, so that when the metal casing is not grounded or the grounding is irregular, the high surge voltage gathered on the neutral live wire will first pass through the lightning protection
  • the device and the first high-voltage relief device are first transiently released to the metal casing, and then can be transiently released to a fixed component such as a mounting rod or a wall through the second high-voltage relief device or conductive mounting, and finally installed.
  • the pole or wall is transiently released to the ground, so as to stabilize the voltage on the neutral wire within the voltage range that the double insulation layer such as the basic insulation layer can withstand, to prevent the lightning surge transient voltage from causing damage to the basic insulation layer, and to ensure The current on the neutral wire will not leak to the metal casing, thereby avoiding the risk of electric shock and galling when the grounding is not standardized.
  • the metal inner shell of the power module is connected to the metal outer shell, the lightning arrester and the first high-voltage relief device are both arranged in the metal inner shell of the power module, and the second high-voltage relief device The ends are attached to the metal inner shell.
  • both the surge arrester and the first high-voltage discharge device are arranged in the power module, so that the first high-voltage discharge device and the surge protector can be integrated in the power module in advance, and the outdoor electronic equipment can be assembled later.
  • the assembly of the lightning arrester and the first high-voltage relief device can be completed, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the lightning arrester and the first high-voltage relief device in the metal casing.
  • the power module further includes a metal inner shell, the outer side wall of the metal inner shell and the inner side wall of the metal outer shell are arranged at intervals, the lightning arrester is arranged in the metal inner shell, and the first high-voltage relief device is arranged Between the metal inner shell and the metal outer shell, the second end of the surge arrester and the first end of the first high-voltage relief device are both connected to the metal inner shell, and the second end of the first high-voltage relief device is connected to the metal outer shell superior.
  • the first high-voltage relief device outside the metal inner shell of the power module in the embodiment of the present application, it not only ensures that the lightning arrester and the first high-voltage relief device are connected in series between the neutral wire and the metal shell in sequence, but also saves the first time.
  • the space occupied by the high-voltage relief device on the printed circuit board can reduce the manufacturing size of the printed circuit board and reduce the manufacturing cost of outdoor electronic equipment.
  • the outdoor electronic device further includes a power ground wire, one end of the power ground wire is electrically connected to the metal casing, and the other end of the power ground wire is used for grounding, so that the power ground wire can be used for grounding.
  • the metal casing is connected to the local ground wire to reduce the resistance between the power ground wire and the ground, so that the current leaking from the metal casing to the power ground wire can be directly released to the ground through the local ground wire.
  • the outdoor electronic device further includes a power ground wire, a through hole is formed on the metal shell and the metal inner shell of the power module, and one end of the power ground wire passes through the through hole and is connected with the second part of the lightning arrester.
  • the other end of the power ground wire is used for grounding; the power ground wire is spaced from the inner wall of the through hole, so that the metal casing is not grounded, that is, the local ground wire is not grounded, and when the power ground wire is grounded, it converges on the neutral live wire
  • the high surge voltage on the device can be transiently released to the ground through the lightning arrester and the power ground wire, thereby reducing the residual voltage on the zero live wire, thereby improving the safety performance of outdoor electronic equipment.
  • the outdoor electronic equipment further includes a lightning protector
  • the first end of the arrester is connected to the neutral wire and the live wire
  • the second end of the arrester is connected to the metal casing
  • the first high-voltage relief device is arranged in the arrester
  • the first end of the first high-voltage relief device is It is connected in series with the gas discharge tube in the arrester
  • the second end of the first high-voltage relief device is connected with the second end of the arrester.
  • the assembly of the first high-voltage relief device in the metal casing is more convenient and quicker. For example, only the When the lightning arrester is installed between the neutral wire and the metal casing, the assembly of the lightning arrester and the first high-voltage relief device can be completed, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the entire outdoor electronic equipment.
  • a second insulating layer between the surge arrester and the metal shell, and a third insulating layer is provided between the first high-voltage relief device and the metal shell, so as to realize the surge arrester and the first high-voltage vent. Insulation isolation between the discharge device and the metal casing, to prevent the current on the neutral wire from leaking to the metal casing through the lightning arrester or the first high-voltage discharge device, and further enhance the insulation performance between the neutral wire and the metal casing.
  • the second insulating layer includes a basic insulating layer
  • the third insulating layer includes a basic insulating layer and an additional insulating layer
  • the additional insulating layer and the basic insulating layer are stacked, so that not only the neutral live wire and the metal are strengthened Insulation performance between housings, but also reduces the cost of insulation, thereby reducing the overall manufacturing cost of outdoor electronic equipment.
  • the second insulating layer includes a functional insulating layer
  • the third insulating layer includes a reinforced insulating layer, so that not only the insulating performance between the neutral live wire and the metal shell is enhanced, but also the insulating cost is reduced, Thus, the overall manufacturing cost of the outdoor electronic device is reduced.
  • both the first high-voltage relief device and the second high-voltage relief device of the outdoor electronic device include any one of a gas discharge tube and a graphite gap surge protector.
  • the outdoor electronic equipment includes a lightning arrester, and the gas discharge tube in the lightning arrester is configured as a first high-voltage discharge device.
  • the assembly of the first high-voltage relief device in the metal casing is more convenient and quicker. For example, only the When the lightning arrester is installed between the neutral wire and the metal casing, the assembly of the first high-voltage relief device can be completed, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the entire outdoor electronic equipment.
  • the first high voltage relief device includes a graphite gap surge protector.
  • the fourth insulating layer between the first high-voltage relief device and the metal casing, and the fourth insulating layer includes a reinforced insulating layer to further enhance the insulation performance between the neutral wire and the metal casing.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a power module applied to an outdoor electronic device, the outdoor electronic device includes a metal casing and the power module; wherein the power module is located in the metal casing;
  • the power module includes a first high-voltage discharge device, and a neutral wire and a live wire;
  • the start-up voltage of the first high-voltage relief device is greater than the maximum voltage value that the double insulation layer is subjected to during the withstand voltage test, wherein the maximum voltage value is the double insulation layer The withstand voltage requirement value of the layer.
  • the power module further includes a lightning arrester
  • the first end of the surge arrester is connected to the neutral line and the live line
  • the second end of the surge arrester is connected to the first end of the first high-voltage relief device
  • the first high-voltage relief device is connected.
  • the second end of the placing device is connected to the metal casing.
  • the power module further includes a metal inner shell, the metal inner shell is connected to the metal outer shell, and the lightning arrester and the first high-voltage relief device are both arranged in the In the metal inner shell of the power module, the second end of the first high-voltage relief device is connected to the metal inner shell.
  • FIG. 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of an outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a first structural schematic diagram of an outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a second schematic structural diagram of the outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a third schematic structural diagram of an outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a first structural schematic diagram of an outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of an outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the lightning arrester in Fig. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • FIG 11 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the lightning arrester in Figure 10.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a power module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is another schematic structural diagram of a power module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 110-metal shell 120-power module; 130-first high-voltage relief device; 140-second high-voltage relief device; 150-installation piece; 160-shorting component; ;
  • FIG. 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of an outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present application provides an outdoor electronic device with a ground-free lightning protection function.
  • the outdoor electronic equipment is described by taking the base station 100 as an example.
  • the base station 100 provided in the embodiments of the present application includes a metal casing 110 , a power module 120 and a first high-voltage discharge device 130 .
  • the metal casing 110 may be fixed on the fixing component 200 by the mounting member 150 , wherein the fixing component 200 refers to a fixed component, for example, the fixing component 200 may be a mounting rod, a mounting Towers or walls, etc.
  • the mounting member 150 refers to an assembly used to mount the base station 100 to the fixing assembly 200.
  • the specific implementation of the mounting member is the prior art.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific structure of the mounting member 150, as long as the metal casing 110 is stably secured. It can be mounted on a mounting pole or a wall.
  • a common mounting member 150 may include a first mounting portion and a second mounting portion, and the first mounting portion is fixed to the base station 100 (for example, the first mounting portion is connected to the base station 100 ).
  • the metal shell 110 is fixed by means of screws, etc.), the second mounting part is fixed with the fixing assembly 200 (such as by means of screws, rivets, binding, etc.), and then the first mounting part is fixed with the second mounting part (such as by screws, (clamping, etc.), so as to realize the installation of the base station 100 on the fixed assembly 200 .
  • the structure of the mounting member 150 may directly refer to the structures of various existing mounting members 150 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the power supply module 120 in the embodiment of the present application is located in the metal casing 110 , and the power supply module 120 includes a live wire 121 , wherein the live wire 121 includes a live wire 1211 and a neutral wire 1212 .
  • the live wire 121 includes a live wire 1211 and a neutral wire 1212 .
  • Insulation layer to achieve insulation isolation between the neutral wire 1212 and the live wire 1211 and the metal casing 110 respectively, to ensure that the current on the neutral wire 1212 and the live wire 1211 will not leak to the metal casing 110, and thus will not leak to the fixed component 200. It will bring security risks to the past personnel and ensure the safety performance of outdoor electronic equipment during normal operation.
  • a double insulating layer may be provided between the neutral wire 121 and the metal shell 110 as the first insulating layer.
  • the double insulation layer can refer to the definition of the standard IEC60020-195: double insulation comprising both basic insulation and supplementary insulation, that is, the double insulation layer includes a basic insulation layer and an additional insulation layer.
  • the current on the neutral wire 121 is prevented from leaking to the metal casing 110, and the metal casing 110 is charged, and the double insulating layer does not occupy a large volume. Ensure sufficient strength of insulation, and can meet the test requirements for safe electrical performance of outdoor electronic equipment (such as communication equipment).
  • the basic insulating layer may refer to the insulating layer that provides basic protection against electric shock.
  • an insulating material such as insulating paint is wrapped on the surface of the neutral wire 121 , or an insulating material such as insulating paint is provided on the inner surface of the metal casing 110 .
  • a certain interval can be set between the neutral wire 121 and the inner wall of the metal casing 110 , and the effect of isolating the neutral wire 121 and the metal casing 110 can be achieved by using the air medium as a double insulating layer.
  • the thickness and material of the insulating paint can be set according to the withstand voltage requirements of the basic insulating layer.
  • the double insulating layer is an air medium, the distance between the neutral wire 121 and the inner wall of the metal casing 110 can be set according to the withstand voltage requirement of the basic insulating layer.
  • the first high pressure relief device 130 in the embodiment of the present application is disposed in the accommodating cavity of the metal casing 110 .
  • the first end of the first high voltage relief device 130 is connected to the neutral live wire 121 (that is, the neutral wire 1212 and the live wire 1211 are both connected to the first end of the first high voltage relief device 130 ), and the first end of the first high voltage relief device 130
  • the two ends are connected to the metal casing 110 , so that both the neutral wire 1212 and the live wire 1211 can be connected to the metal casing 110 through the first high-voltage relief device 130 .
  • the connection between the neutral wire 1212 and the live wire 1211 and the metal casing 110 through the first high-voltage relief device 130 refers to the connection in physical structure, and does not mean that they are always electrically connected.
  • the high-voltage relief devices (for example, the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the second high-voltage relief device 140 hereinafter) in the embodiments of the present application are devices for discharging high voltages, and such devices have a Start-up voltage, when the voltage of the device is less than the start-up voltage, the two ends of the device are in an insulated state and can withstand the voltage at this time; when the voltage of the device reaches the start-up voltage, the device starts to work, at this time, the two ends of the device are in a state of isolation. On state to relieve high voltage.
  • start-up voltage when the voltage of the device is less than the start-up voltage, the two ends of the device are in an insulated state and can withstand the voltage at this time; when the voltage of the device reaches the start-up voltage, the device starts to work, at this time, the two ends of the device are in a state of isolation. On state to relieve high voltage.
  • both ends of the first high-voltage bleeder device 130 are connected to the neutral wire respectively.
  • 121 and the metal casing 110 are not electrically connected.
  • the transient voltage received by the first high-voltage relief device 130 reaches the starting voltage of the first high-voltage relief device 130, the two ends of the first high-voltage relief device 130 are respectively connected to the neutral live wire. 121 and the metal casing 110 are electrically connected.
  • the neutral live wire 121 when the neutral live wire 121 is connected to the metal casing 110 through the first high voltage relief device 130, there may be only the first high voltage discharge device 130 between the neutral live wire 121 and the metal casing 110, or other circuits may be included to achieve similar or better.
  • one end of the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the neutral wire 121 may be connected by a conductive connection member 180 (eg, a copper sheet).
  • a conductive connection member 180 eg, a copper sheet.
  • lead wires from the neutral wire 121 respectively, one end of the two wires can be welded or fixed on the copper sheet by screws, and one end of the first high voltage relief device 130 can also be welded or fixed on the copper sheet by screws, so as to realize the first A connection between one end of the high voltage relief device 130 and the neutral wire 121 .
  • a conductive connector 180 (such as a copper sheet) can also be provided on the inner wall of the metal casing 110, and the other end of the first high-voltage relief device 130 can also be fixed on the conductive connector 180 by means of screws or welding.
  • the connection between the other end of the first high pressure relief device 130 and the metal casing 110 is realized.
  • the first high-voltage relief device 130 may include, but is not limited to, any one of a gas discharge tube (Gas Discharge Tube, GDT for short) and a graphite gap surge protector during specific settings.
  • a gas discharge tube Gas Discharge Tube, GDT for short
  • GDT Gas Discharge Tube
  • the first high-voltage relief device 130 is in a conducting state, for example, when the gas discharge tube serving as the first high-voltage relief device 130 is subjected to a high voltage higher than the startup voltage , the high voltage will break down the discharge gap in the gas discharge tube, causing the gas discharge tube to short-circuit, that is to ensure that a large amount of current is discharged from the first end of the first high-voltage discharge device 130 to the first high-voltage discharge device 130. Two ends, so as to realize the relief of high pressure.
  • the principle of the discharge voltage of the first high-voltage discharge device 130 may refer to the principle of discharge voltage of a gas discharge tube or the like in the prior art, which will not be repeated here
  • the start-up voltage of the first high-voltage relief device 130 is lower than the withstand voltage value of the double insulating layer. In this way, when the base station 100 is struck by lightning, the first high-voltage discharge device 130 can be started to work first, so as to avoid damage to the double insulating layer due to excessive voltage, thereby ensuring that the current on the neutral wire 121 will not leak to the metal casing 110 to prevent electric shock and numbness.
  • the first high voltage relief device 130 can be set to a voltage value whose startup voltage is lower than 4900Vdc, for example, the startup voltage of the first high voltage relief device 130 can be 4243Vdc , 4500Vdc, 4800Vdc and other suitable voltage values to ensure that the transient high voltage will not break down the double insulating layer before the first high voltage discharge device 130 is turned on.
  • the first high-voltage relief device 130 may be disposed in the power module 120 , for example, the first high-voltage relief device 130 is electrically connected to a printed circuit board in the power module 120 .
  • the power module 120 may include a metal inner shell 122 , and the metal inner shell 122 may be directly connected in the metal outer shell 110 , for example, the metal outer shell 110 is attached to the sidewall of the second end of the first high-voltage relief device 130 .
  • the second end of the first high pressure relief device 130 is directly connected to the metal inner shell 122, for example, the second end of the first high pressure relief device 130 is welded to the metal inner shell 122 , the second end of the first high pressure relief device 130 can be connected to the metal casing 110 .
  • the first high-voltage relief device 130 may be disposed outside the power module 120 , one end of the neutral wire 121 may be connected to the metal inner shell 122 of the power module 120 , and the first end of the first high-voltage relief device 130 The first end of the first high voltage relief device 130 can be connected to the neutral wire 121 by being connected to the inner metal shell 122 .
  • the withstand voltage of the double insulating layer in the outdoor electronic device there may be test requirements for the withstand voltage of the double insulating layer in the outdoor electronic device.
  • the outdoor electronic device is the base station 100
  • the withstand voltage of the double insulating layer needs to meet the safety standard IEC62368.
  • the first The startup voltage of the high-voltage relief device 130 may be greater than the maximum voltage value of the double insulating layer during the withstand voltage test, that is, the maximum voltage value of the double insulating layer during the withstand voltage test is smaller than that of the first high-voltage relief device 130.
  • Start voltage so that pressure can be applied to the double insulating layer to the withstand voltage required value during the withstand voltage test of the base station 100, so as to accurately test whether the double insulating layer meets the withstand voltage requirement, and avoid the first high voltage during the withstand voltage test.
  • the device 130 discharges the voltage and cannot test whether the double insulating layer meets the withstand voltage requirement.
  • the maximum voltage value is the required withstand voltage value of the double insulating layer.
  • the voltage is discharged through the first high-voltage discharge device 130, so that the voltage value received by the double insulating layer is less than the test voltage value , so that the maximum voltage value of the withstand voltage test process cannot be applied to the double insulating layer, so that it is impossible to test whether the double insulating layer can withstand the maximum voltage value.
  • the specific withstand voltage value and test withstand voltage value of the first insulating layer can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the maximum voltage value of the withstand voltage test is about 4243Vdc
  • the withstand voltage of the double insulating layer can be set to be greater than 4900Vdc, that is, when a voltage equal to or lower than 4900Vdc is applied to the double insulating layer, the double insulating layer will not be broken down.
  • the metal casing 110 and the fixing component 200 can conduct electricity when a surge voltage occurs.
  • the mounting member 150 may be configured as a conductive member, so that electrical conduction can be conducted between the metal housing 110 and the fixing assembly 200 through the mounting member 150 .
  • the mount 150 may be an alloy based on copper, aluminum, or the like.
  • the distance between the outer side wall of the metal casing 110 and the fixing assembly 200 can also be set to be smaller, so that the air layer between the two can be used to achieve electrical conduction, so as to realize the connection between the metal casing 110 and the fixing assembly 200 conduction.
  • the specific distance value can be obtained by means such as testing, which will not be repeated here.
  • the material of the fixing component 200 such as the mounting rod or the wall usually has electrical conductivity (for example, the mounting rod is made of metal material, or the material of the wall includes steel bars or cement, etc.), so that the metal shell The current on 110 can flow to the fixed component 200 through the air gap or the conductive mounting member 150 , and then flow to the ground through the fixed component 200 .
  • the high surge voltage converged on the neutral wire 121 will pre-excite the first high-voltage discharge device 130 to start up
  • the surge transient voltage can be transiently released to within the withstand voltage value of the double insulating layer to prevent the surge transient voltage from breaking down the double insulating layer.
  • the discharged surge transient voltage is first conducted to the metal casing.
  • the voltage is stable within the voltage range that the double insulating layer can withstand, preventing lightning surge transient voltage from causing damage to the double insulating layer, ensuring that the current on the neutral wire 121 will not leak to the metal casing 110, thereby avoiding grounding irregularities risk of electric shock and numbness.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • the outdoor electronic device of the embodiment of the present application may further include a second high-voltage relief device 140 , the second high-voltage relief device 140 is disposed outside the metal casing 110 , and the metal casing 110 is discharged through the second high-pressure relief device 140 .
  • the device 140 is connected to the fixing assembly 200 .
  • the first end of the second high pressure relief device 140 is connected to the metal casing 110
  • the second end of the second high pressure relief device 140 is connected to the fixing assembly 200 .
  • connection between the two ends of the second high-voltage relief device 140 and the metal shell 110 and the fixing assembly 200 can be directly referred to as the connection between the first high-voltage relief device 140 and the neutral wire 121 and the metal shell 110 respectively.
  • the content of the connection will not be repeated here.
  • the structure of the second high-voltage discharge device 140 may be consistent with the structure of the first high-voltage discharge device 130.
  • the second high-voltage discharge device 140 may include, but not limited to, a gas discharge tube (Gas Discharge Tube, GDT for short) and a graphite gap. Any of the surge protectors.
  • the second high voltage bleeder device 140 also has a startup voltage.
  • both ends of the second high-voltage relief device 140 are in an insulated state, that is, the second high-voltage relief device 140 can withstand a voltage value lower than the startup voltage under normal conditions.
  • the second high-voltage relief device 140 When the voltage received by the base station 100 exceeds the startup voltage of the second high-voltage relief device 140, the second high-voltage relief device 140 is in a conducting state, for example, the gas discharge tube serving as the second high-voltage relief device 140 is subjected to a higher startup voltage When the high voltage is high, the high voltage will break down the discharge gap in the gas discharge tube, causing the gas discharge tube to be short-circuited, that is, to ensure that a large amount of current is discharged from the first end of the second high-voltage discharge device 140 to the second high-voltage discharge The second end of the device 140 can discharge the high voltage to the fixing assembly 200 and finally to the ground even when the electrical conductivity of the mounting member 150 is poor, which further ensures the safety of the equipment.
  • the startup voltage of the second high-voltage relief device 140 may be lower than the startup voltage of the first high-voltage relief device 130 , so as to ensure that the second high-voltage relief device 140 can be discharged before the first high-voltage relief device 130 . Excited and turned on, while ensuring that the start-up voltage of the second high-voltage discharge device 140 is less than the withstand voltage value of the double insulating layer, that is, to ensure that the high voltage of the second high-voltage discharge device 140 will not directly affect the double insulating layer before starting.
  • the surge voltage can pre-excite the second high-voltage relief device 140 to start work, and then stimulate the first high-voltage relief voltage 130 to start work, so that it converges on the neutral live wire 121
  • the high surge voltage on the device is transiently released to the fixed component 200 (such as a mounting rod or a wall) through the first high-voltage relief device 130, the metal casing 110 and the second high-voltage relief device 140 in turn, and finally the mounting rod or The wall surface is released transiently to the ground, which avoids the high surge voltage breaking down the double insulation layer and causing potential safety hazards for outdoor electronic equipment.
  • both ends of the second high pressure relief device 140 can also be welded or fixed on the metal casing 110 and the fixing assembly 200 by screws, so as to realize that the two ends of the second high pressure relief device 140 are connected to the metal casing 110 and the fixing assembly respectively. 200 (eg mounting rods).
  • the base station 100 is set at a position where the installation pole or the wall is higher than the ground, so as to prevent the base station 100 from being damaged by children and other casual personnel.
  • the material of the mounting rod or the wall is usually doped with a conductive medium.
  • the mounting member 150 in the embodiment of the present application can also be configured as Insulating the mounting member to prevent the current from leaking directly to the mounting pole or the wall through the mounting member 150 when the metal casing 110 is charged, thereby causing electric shock or electric shock to persons on the ground.
  • a fifth insulating layer may be provided on the surface of the mounting member 150 .
  • the fifth insulating layer may be insulating paint painted on the surface of the mounting member 150 to play an insulating role.
  • the fifth insulating layer may also be an insulating sheet disposed on the surface of the mounting member 150 , and the insulating sheet is used to isolate the mounting member 150 from the metal casing 110 and the fixing assembly 200 .
  • the mounting member 150 itself may be an insulating medium.
  • the mounting member 150 may be made of insulating materials such as plastic to achieve insulation; The use of insulating plastics enables both electrical conductivity and surface insulation.
  • the start-up voltage of the second high-voltage relief device 140 is smaller than the withstand voltage value of the insulating mount, so as to ensure that the high surge voltage will not cause damage to the insulating mount before the second high-voltage relief device 140 is started. That is to say, the high surge voltage discharged to the metal casing 110 can trigger the second high-voltage discharge device 140 to start working in advance, so that the high surge voltage is finally discharged to the ground through the second high-voltage discharge device 140, It avoids the high surge voltage from breaking down the insulating mount and affecting the insulating performance of the insulating mount.
  • the high surge voltage transiently discharged to the metal casing 110 will pass through the second high-voltage discharge device 140
  • the transient discharge is released to the fixed component 200 (such as the installation pole or the wall), and finally, the transient discharge is released to the ground through the installation pole or wall, so as to avoid the high surge voltage from breaking down the fifth insulating layer on the installation piece 150
  • the situation occurs, that is, to ensure that the fifth insulating layer on the mounting member 150 is not corroded, so that when the metal shell 110 is charged, the current will not leak to the fixing component 200 such as the mounting rod through the mounting member 150, so as to ensure that the metal shell 110 There is no risk of electric shock or numbness to persons on the ground when electrified.
  • a local ground wire 112 may also be connected to the metal casing 110 , one end of the local ground wire 112 is electrically connected to the metal casing 110 , and the other end of the local ground wire 112 is used for grounding.
  • the first high-voltage discharge device 130 can transiently discharge the high surge voltage gathered on the neutral live wire 121 to the ground through the metal casing 110 to further ensure that the lightning surge transient voltage will not strike Wear basic insulation to ensure that there is no risk of electric shock or electrocution in the metal casing 110 .
  • the second high-voltage discharge device 140 does not operate to ensure that the neutral live wire 121 and the metal
  • the basic insulating layer between the casings 110 and the insulating medium in the mounting member 150 will not be damaged by the high surge voltage, so as to prolong the service life of the second high-voltage discharge device 140, it is guaranteed that the base station 100 will not be damaged by the high surge voltage. Risk of electric shock and numbness.
  • a power ground wire 111 may also be connected to the metal casing 110 , wherein the power ground wire 111 is a ground wire in a three-core wire drawn from an outdoor power supply station to the base station 100 . Because the metal casing 110 is conductive, the base station 100 is connected to the local ground wire 112 through the metal casing 110 to reduce the resistance between the power ground wire 111 and the ground, so as to leak from the metal casing 110 to the power ground wire 111 The current can be transiently discharged to the ground directly through the local ground line 112 .
  • the neutral wire 1212, the live wire 1211, and the power ground wire 111 in the embodiment of the present application may appear to be one wire physically, and the power module 120 has three interfaces for connecting the neutral wire 1212, Live wire 1211 and power ground wire 111.
  • the power module 120 has three interfaces for connecting the neutral wire 1212, Live wire 1211 and power ground wire 111.
  • each drawing of this application separates the neutral wire 1212 , the live wire 1211 and the power ground wire 111 to visually represent the connection between one end of the neutral wire 1212 , the live wire 1211 and the power ground wire 111 and the power supply module 120 Location.
  • the power ground wire 111 can be introduced into the metal casing 110 and connected to the metal inner casing 122 of the power module 120 to ensure that the current on the metal inner casing 122 passes through the power ground wire 111 and the local ground wire 112 Fast transient relief to ground.
  • the local grounding wire 112 and the power grounding wire 111 By setting and connecting the local grounding wire 112 and the power grounding wire 111, more application scenarios can be applied. For example, when the grounding condition is good, the local grounding wire 112 and the power grounding wire 111 can be grounded to further improve the safety. At the same time, the adaptability of the base station 100 to various complex scenarios is also improved.
  • a fourth insulating layer may be provided between the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the metal casing 110 in the embodiment of the present application, and the fourth insulating layer may be a reinforced insulating layer, so as to further enhance the connection between the neutral wire 121 and the metal casing 110 The insulation performance ensures that the current on the neutral wire 121 will not leak to the metal casing 110 through the first high-voltage discharge device 130 .
  • the reinforced insulating layer refers to a single insulating structure, and the protection level against electric shock provided by the reinforced insulating layer is equivalent to the double insulating layer.
  • the withstand voltage of the reinforced insulating layer can be greater than 3000Vac. No failure will occur when subjected to voltages below 3000Vac.
  • the double insulating layer refers to an insulating layer composed of a basic insulating layer and an additional insulating layer.
  • the additional insulating layer refers to an independent insulating layer applied in addition to the basic insulating layer to reduce the risk of electric shock when the basic insulating layer fails.
  • an insulating layer is added on the basic insulating layer of the first high-voltage relief device 130 , for example, a double insulating layer is provided outside the first high-voltage relief device 130 (see above).
  • the withstand voltage of the additional insulating layer is greater than 1500Vac, that is to say, when the basic insulating layer fails due to electric shock or other factors, the additional insulating layer can continue to resist the pressure below 1500Vac to ensure the first
  • the insulation performance between the high-voltage discharge device 130 and the metal casing 110 ensures that the neutral wire 121 and the metal casing 110 are in an insulated state in a normal state (a state not subjected to lightning surge voltage).
  • the fourth insulating layer may be specifically disposed on the surface of the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the external isolation circuit of the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the metal inner shell 122 to achieve insulation isolation between the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the metal inner shell 122, so as to prevent the current from leaking to the metal through the first high-voltage relief device 130 when there is leakage on the neutral wire 121 the inner shell 122, so as to avoid the risk of electric numbness or electric shock caused by the final leakage to the metal shell 110.
  • the fourth insulating layer may be an insulating material such as insulating paint provided on the surface of the first high-voltage relief device 130 or between the external isolation circuit of the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the metal inner shell 122 .
  • the fourth insulating layer is specifically disposed on the surface of the first high-voltage relief device 130 and between the external isolation circuit of the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the metal shell 110 time, so as to realize the insulation isolation between the first high-voltage discharge device 130 and the metal shell 110, so as to prevent the current from leaking on the neutral wire 121, the current leaks to the metal shell 110 through the first high-voltage discharge device 130, thereby preventing the final There is a risk of electrical numbness or electric shock due to leakage to the metal casing 110 .
  • the base station 100 in this embodiment of the present application further includes a lightning protection device 170 , and the lightning protection device 170 and the first high-voltage relief device 130 are connected in series to the neutral wire 121 in sequence. and the metal casing 110.
  • the first end of the lightning arrester 170 in the embodiment of the present application is connected to the neutral wire 121 , and the second end (ie, the ground terminal 172 ) of the lightning arrester 170 is connected to the first high-voltage relief device 130 .
  • the grounding end 172 of the surge arrester 170 can be connected to the first high voltage relief device 130 through a conductive connector 180 such as a copper sheet to improve the connection stability between the arrester 170 and the first high voltage relief device 130 .
  • the high surge voltage gathered on the neutral live wire 121 will first pass through the lightning arrester 170 and the first high-voltage discharge device 130 It is discharged to the metal casing 110 in a state of being discharged to the metal casing 110, and then is temporarily discharged to the fixed component 200 such as the mounting rod or the wall through the second high-voltage discharge device 140 or the conductive mounting member 150, and finally is transiently discharged through the installation rod or the wall.
  • the double insulating layer ie, the basic insulating layer
  • the lightning surge transient voltage from causing damage to the basic insulating layer
  • the current on the device will not leak to the metal casing 110, thereby avoiding the risk of electric shock and electric shock when the grounding is not standardized.
  • the metal casing 110 When the metal casing 110 is grounded, that is, when the local ground wire 112 is grounded, the high surge voltage gathered on the neutral live wire 121 is transiently discharged to the metal casing 110 through the lightning arrester 170 and the first high-voltage relief device 130 in turn, and finally The metal casing 110 is transiently released to the ground to further ensure that the lightning surge transient voltage will not break down the basic insulation and ensure that the metal casing 110 will not have the risk of electric shock or electric shock.
  • the structure and working principle of the lightning protection device 170 can be directly referred to the lightning protection device 170 in the traditional technology.
  • the lightning protection device usually uses a pressure-sensitive lightning protection device. Avoid generation of freewheeling, making the system safer; alternatively, the lightning arrester can also use a differential common mode arrester, which can also protect the insulation between the live wire and the neutral wire.
  • the start-up voltage of the lightning arrester is lower than the start-up voltage of the first high-voltage discharge device 130 .
  • the lightning arrester 170 by setting the lightning arrester 170, there is no danger of electric shock when the base station 100 is grounded or not grounded. Moreover, the lightning arrester 170 is added on the basis of the first high-voltage discharge device 130, and the The additional effect brought by the lightning arrester 170 (for example, avoiding the generation of freewheeling current, or protecting the insulation between the live wire and the neutral wire), so that the entire equipment has a better anti-surge ability and is more effective in dealing with complex base stations installation scene.
  • the lightning arrester 170 and the first high-voltage relief device 130 in the embodiment of the present application are both disposed in the power module 120 .
  • the lightning arrester 170 and the first high-voltage relief device 130 are both electrically connected to the printed circuit board in the power module 120 .
  • the metal inner shell 122 of the power module 120 can be directly connected to the metal outer shell 110 , for example, the side wall of the metal outer shell 110 near the second end of the first high voltage relief device 130 is attached to one side of the metal outer shell 110 In this way, the second end of the first high pressure relief device 130 is directly connected (eg welded) to the metal inner shell 122 , so that the second end of the first high pressure relief device 130 can be connected to the metal outer shell 110 .
  • both the surge arrester 170 and the first high-voltage relief device 130 are arranged in the power module 120, so that the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the surge arrester 170 can be integrated in the power module 120 in advance,
  • the assembly of the lightning arrester 170 and the first high-voltage relief device 130 can be completed, thereby improving the performance of the lightning protection device 170 and the first high-voltage relief device 130.
  • the assembly efficiency of the device 130 in the metal casing 110 is improved, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the entire outdoor electronic device.
  • the outer side wall of the metal inner shell 122 of the power module 120 and the inner side wall of the metal outer shell 110 are arranged at intervals, and the lightning arrester 170 is arranged inside the power module 120.
  • the first The high-voltage relief device 130 may be disposed between the metal inner shell 122 and the metal outer shell 110 of the power module 120.
  • the ground terminal 172 of the lightning arrester 170 is connected to the metal inner shell 122 of the power module 120.
  • the first end of the device 130 is connected to the metal inner shell 122, and the second end of the first high-voltage relief device 130 is connected to the metal outer shell 110, so that not only the lightning arrester 170 and the first high-voltage relief device 130 are connected in series in sequence Between the neutral wire 121 and the metal casing 110 , the space occupied by the first high-voltage relief device 130 on the printed circuit board is saved, thereby reducing the manufacturing size of the printed circuit board and the manufacturing cost of the base station 100 .
  • the lightning arrester 170 and the first high-voltage relief device 130 are both provided with insulating layers to further enhance the insulation performance between the neutral live wire 121 and the metal casing 110 , for example, the neutral live wire 121 and the metal casing 110 Not only can be insulated and isolated by double insulating layers, but also the current leaking from the neutral wire 121 to the metal casing 110 can be isolated by the lightning arrester 170 and the insulating layer on the first high-voltage discharge device 130 .
  • the insulating layer on the lightning arrester 170 may be used as the second insulating layer, and the insulating layer on the first high-voltage relief device 130 may be used as the third insulating layer.
  • the second insulating layer may be an air medium between the lightning arrester 170 and the metal casing 110 .
  • the third insulating layer may be an air medium between the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the metal casing 110 .
  • the second insulating layer may be a basic insulating layer or a functional insulating layer.
  • the functional insulating layer refers to an insulating layer only required for the lightning arrester 170 to perform a normal function, and the withstand voltage value of the functional insulating layer may be greater than 500 Vac, for example.
  • the third insulating layer on the first high-voltage discharge device 130 may be an additional insulating layer; the second insulating layer on the surge arrester 170 is a functional insulating layer layer, the third insulating layer on the first high-voltage relief device 130 may be a reinforced insulating layer, which not only enhances the insulation performance between the neutral wire 121 and the metal shell 110, but also reduces the insulation cost, thereby reducing the The overall manufacturing cost of the base station 100 .
  • FIG. 5 is a third structural schematic diagram of the outdoor electronic device provided in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • the base station 100 in this embodiment of the present application may further include a short-circuit assembly 160 , and the short-circuit assembly 160 may be disposed between the ground end 172 of the lightning arrester 170 and the metal casing 110 .
  • the shorting assembly 160 specifically includes a shorting member 161 and an insulating sheet 162. One end of the shorting member 161 is connected to the ground terminal 172 of the lightning arrester 170, that is to say, one end of the shorting member 161 is connected to the first high voltage The first end of the bleeder device 130 is connected.
  • the device 170 and the shorting member 161 are transiently discharged to the metal casing 110, and finally, the metal casing 110 and the local grounding wire 112 are directly transiently discharged to the ground, which not only prevents the damage to the double insulation layer caused by the transient voltage of lightning strike, but also It is ensured that the current on the neutral wire 121 will not leak to the metal casing 110, thereby avoiding the risk of electric shock and electrical galling when grounding, and the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the second high-voltage relief device 140 are not required, thereby prolonging the The service life of the first high pressure relief device 130 and the second high pressure relief device 140 .
  • the other end of the shorting piece 161 is connected to the metal casing 110 through the insulating sheet 162.
  • the insulating sheet 162 is provided between the other end of the shorting piece 161 and the metal casing 110, so that when When the neutral live wire 121 is subjected to a lightning surge, the high surge voltage gathered on the neutral live wire 121 will pass through the lightning arrester 170, the first high voltage relief device 130, the metal casing 110, the second high voltage relief device 140 and the fixed
  • the component 200 is transiently discharged to the ground, and the voltage on the neutral wire 121 is stabilized within the voltage range that the basic insulation can withstand, so as to prevent the lightning surge transient voltage from causing damage to the double insulation layer, and avoid the occurrence of irregular grounding. Risk of electric shock and numbness.
  • the insulating sheet 162 is detachably arranged between the shorting piece 161 and the metal casing 110, so that the insulating sheet 162 can be quickly removed from the shorting piece 161 and the metal casing 110 when the local grounding wire 112 is grounded.
  • the insulating sheet 162 is quickly assembled between the shorting piece 161 and the metal casing 110 .
  • the shorting piece 161 may be a shorting elastic piece, one end of the shorting elastic piece is electrically connected to the first end of the first high-voltage relief device 130 , and the other end of the shorting elastic piece can be approached or Move away from the direction of the metal casing 110 .
  • the insulating sheet 162 Under the action of the elastic pre-tightening force of the short-circuit elastic sheet, the insulating sheet 162 abuts between the short-circuit elastic sheet and the metal casing 110 .
  • the shorting piece 161 As a shorting elastic piece, not only the insulating sheet 162 can be quickly inserted between the shorting elastic piece and the metal shell 110, but also the insulating sheet 162 can be taken out quickly. Under the action of the elastic force, it automatically abuts on the inner wall of the metal shell 110 to realize the quick electrical connection with the metal shell 110 .
  • the insulating layer in the insulating sheet 162 may be a basic insulating layer, so as to realize the insulating isolation between the shorting member 161 and the metal shell 110 .
  • the shorting member 161 and the insulating sheet 162 are arranged between the grounding end 172 of the lightning arrester 170 and the metal casing 110, so that the metal casing 110 can prevent lightning strikes when the metal casing 110 is grounded or not grounded
  • the surge transient voltage will damage the double insulating layer, so as to ensure that the current on the neutral live wire 121 will not leak to the metal casing 110 to avoid the risk of electric shock and electric shock.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of the outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the outdoor electronic device provided by Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • the second embodiment is that in the base station 100 of the embodiment of the present application, through holes 113 are formed in the metal outer shell 110 and the metal inner shell 122 of the power module 120 , and the power ground wire 111 Pass through the through hole 113 and connect to the grounding end 172 of the lightning arrester 170 .
  • the power ground wire 111 is spaced apart from the inner wall of the through hole 113 .
  • the metal casing 110 When the metal casing 110 is grounded, that is, when the local grounding wire 112 is grounded, the high surge voltage gathered on the neutral wire 121 is transiently discharged to the metal casing 110 through the lightning arrester 170 and the first high-voltage relief device 130 in turn. Finally, the metal casing 110 is transiently released to the ground to further ensure that the lightning surge transient voltage will not break down the basic insulation and ensure that the metal casing 110 will not have the risk of electric shock or electric shock.
  • the metal casing 110 When the metal casing 110 is not grounded, that is, the local grounding wire 112 is not grounded, and the power grounding wire 111 is grounded, the high surge voltage gathered on the neutral wire 121 can be transiently discharged through the lightning arrester 170 and the power grounding wire 111 to Therefore, the residual voltage on the zero live wire 121 is reduced, thereby improving the security performance of the base station 100 .
  • the high surge voltage concentrated on the neutral live wire 121 will first pass through the lightning arrester 170 and the first high voltage drain
  • the discharge device 130 is first transiently discharged to the metal casing 110, and then is transiently discharged to the fixed component 200 (such as a mounting rod or a wall) through the second high-voltage discharge device 140 or the conductive mounting member 150, and finally
  • the installation pole or wall is transiently released to the ground, so as to stabilize the voltage on the neutral live wire 121 within the voltage range that the basic insulation can withstand, so as to prevent the lightning surge transient voltage from causing damage to the basic insulation layer and ensure the neutral live wire.
  • the current on the 121 will not leak to the metal casing 110, thereby avoiding the risk of electric shock and electric shock when the grounding is not standardized.
  • the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the surge arrester 170 may both be disposed in the power module 120 .
  • the surge arrester 170 may be disposed in the power module 120 , the first high-voltage relief device 130 may be disposed outside the power module 120 , and the two ends of the first high-voltage relief device 130 are respectively Connected to the metal inner shell 122 and the metal outer shell 110 , the ground terminal 172 of the lightning arrester 170 is connected to the metal inner shell 122 .
  • one end of the power ground wire 111 can be connected to the metal inner shell 122 of the power module 120 , for example, one end of the power ground wire 111 can be welded or screwed to the conductive connector 180 (eg, the metal inner shell 122 ) copper sheet) to ensure a stable connection between the power ground wire 111 and the metal inner shell 122.
  • the conductive connector 180 eg, the metal inner shell 122
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 4 of the present application
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the internal structure of the lightning arrester in FIG. 8
  • the first high-voltage relief device 130 in Embodiment 4 of the present application may also be integrated into a lightning arrester 170 .
  • the first end of the first high-voltage relief device 130 is connected to one end of the lightning protection element 173 of the surge arrester 170 , and the second end of the first high-voltage relief device 130 is connected to the surge arrester 170
  • the ground terminal 172 of the lightning arrester 170 (see FIG. 8 ) is directly connected to the metal casing 110 .
  • the assembly of the first high-voltage relief device 130 in the metal casing 110 is more convenient and fast.
  • the lightning arrester 170 of the high voltage relief device 130 is installed between the neutral wire 121 and the metal casing 110 , and the assembly of the arrester 170 and the first high voltage relief device 130 can be completed, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the entire base station 100 .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an outdoor electronic device provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the internal structure of the lightning protection device in FIG. 10 .
  • the outdoor electronic equipment of the embodiment of the present application includes a lightning arrester 170, and the gas discharge tube in the lightning arrester 170 is configured as a first high-voltage discharge device 130 .
  • the first high-voltage discharge device 130 replaces the gas discharge tube in the surge arrester 170 and is connected in series to the circuit in the surge protector 170 .
  • the first high-voltage discharge device 130 One end of the first high-voltage discharge device 130 is connected to the neutral wire 121 through a parallel circuit 171 provided with a varistor, and the other end of the first high-voltage relief device 130 is connected to the ground terminal 172 of the lightning arrester 170, which is connected to the metal casing. 110 is connected, so as to realize the connection between the other end of the first high pressure relief device 130 and the metal casing 110 .
  • the live wire 1211 in the neutral live wire 121 is connected with the first connection point 1711 in the parallel circuit 171, and the neutral wire 1212 in the neutral live wire 121 is connected with the second connection point 1712 in the parallel circuit 171, thereby connecting the neutral wire 1212 and the live wire 1211 is connected to one end of the first high pressure relief device 130 .
  • the first high voltage relief device 130 is a discharge gap device other than the gas discharge tube, for example, the first high voltage relief device 130 is a graphite gap surge protector. In this way, when the voltage is high, the gap of the graphite gap surge protector can be broken down to achieve conduction.
  • the assembly of the first high-voltage relief device 130 in the metal casing 110 is more convenient and quicker. For example, it is only necessary to integrate the first high-voltage relief device 130 When the lightning arrester 170 of the discharge device 130 is installed between the neutral wire 121 and the metal casing 110 , the assembly of the first high-voltage discharge device 130 can be completed, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the entire base station 100 .
  • a power module 122 in an embodiment of the present application is applied to an outdoor electronic device, and the outdoor electronic device may be the above-mentioned base station 100 , wherein the outdoor electronic device includes a metal casing 110 and a power module 122 ; the power module 122 is located at Inside the metal casing 110 (see Figures 1-10 above).
  • the power module 122 includes a first high voltage relief device 130 and a neutral wire 121
  • the neutral wire 121 includes a live wire 1211 and a neutral wire 1212 .
  • Both the live wire 1211 and the neutral wire 1212 are connected to the metal casing 110 (as shown in FIG. 1 ) through the first high voltage relief device 130 , and the start-up voltage of the first high voltage relief device 130 is less than the withstand voltage of the double insulating layer.
  • the first high-voltage discharge device 130 can be started to work first, so as to avoid damage to the double insulating layer due to excessive voltage, thereby ensuring that the current on the neutral wire 121 will not leak to the metal casing 110 to prevent electric shock and numbness.
  • the first high voltage relief device 130 can be set to a pressure value whose startup voltage is lower than 4900Vdc, for example, the startup voltage of the first high voltage relief device 130 can be 4243Vdc , 4500Vdc, 4800Vdc and other suitable pressure values to ensure that the transient high voltage will not break down the double insulating layer before the first high voltage relief device 130 is turned on.
  • connection relationship between the power supply module 122 and the metal casing 110 and the implementation manner may be as in the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the starting voltage of the first high-voltage relief device 130 is greater than the maximum pressure value of the double insulating layer during the withstand voltage test, where the maximum pressure value is the required withstand voltage value of the double insulating layer.
  • the power module 122 further includes a surge arrester 170 , and the surge arrester 170 and the first high-voltage relief device 130 are connected in series between the neutral wire 121 and the metal casing 110 in sequence.
  • the first end of the lightning arrester 170 is connected to the neutral wire 121
  • the second end (ie, the ground terminal 172 ) of the lightning arrester 170 is connected to the first high voltage relief device 130 .
  • the power module 122 further includes a metal inner shell 122 , the metal inner shell 122 is connected to the metal outer shell 110 (see FIG. 3 ), and the lightning protector 170 Both the first high-voltage relief device 130 and the first high-voltage relief device 130 are disposed in the metal inner shell 122 in the power module 120 , and the second end of the first high-voltage relief device 130 is connected to the metal inner shell 122 .
  • the matching relationship among the lightning arrester 170 , the first high-voltage relief device 130 , the metal inner shell 122 , and the metal outer shell 110 and other settings can be referred to those described in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the power supply module provided by the embodiment of the present application, by connecting the first high-voltage discharge device between the neutral wire and the live wire (hereinafter referred to as the neutral and live wire) and the metal casing, when the metal casing is not grounded or the grounding is irregular, and the outdoor electronic equipment suffers from
  • the lightning surge voltage can pre-excite the first high-voltage discharge device to discharge the voltage, so that the high surge voltage gathered on the neutral wire can be transiently discharged to the first high-voltage discharge device through the first high-voltage discharge device.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备和电源模块，包括金属外壳、电源模块及第一高压泄放器件，金属外壳用于固定在固定组件上，电源模块的零线和火线分别与金属外壳之间具有双重绝缘层，且零线和火线均通过第一高压泄放器件与金属外壳连接，当金属外壳不接地或者接地不规范，且户外电子设备遭受雷击浪涌电压时，汇聚在零火线上的高浪涌电压可通过第一高压泄放器件先瞬态泄放至金属外壳上，经安装杆或者墙面等固定组件瞬态泄放至大地，将零火线上的电压稳定在双重绝缘层的耐压范围内，防止雷击浪涌瞬态电压对双重绝缘层造成损坏，保证零火线上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳上，避免接地不规范时出现电击和麻电风险。

Description

具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备和电源模块 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及移动通信技术领域，特别涉及一种具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备和电源模块。
背景技术
随着移动通信网络的普及，户外电子设备的密度也逐渐增大。户外电子设备是移动设备接入互联网的接口设备，也是无线电台站的一种形式，是指在一定的无线电覆盖区中，通过移动通信交换中心，与移动电话终端之间进行信息传递的无线电收发信电台。
户外电子设备通常包括金属外壳和设置在金属外壳内的电源模块，金属外壳通过安装件设置在固定组件(例如安装杆或者墙面)上，电源模块用于为通信基站设备内的用电单元供电。传统技术中，电源模块内的零线和火线与金属外壳之间采用基本绝缘隔离，例如，一般地，在零线与火线的表面上设置绝缘油漆，或者在金属外壳的内表面设置绝缘油漆等，以防止零线或者火线上的电流泄露至金属外壳上，使得金属外壳带电。同时，金属外壳上的电源接地和本地接地点均接地，这样，在金属外壳带电时，该电流可直接通过电源接地线或者本地接地线瞬态泄放至大地，以防止金属外壳上产生电流而发生电击或者麻电风险。
然而，户外电子设备的安装场景较为复杂，有些场景下接地条件并不能很好地满足，此时，容易出现接地不规范的情况，这就使得当户外电子设备遭到雷击时，极易导致电源模块内的零线和火线与金属外壳之间的绝缘介质被击穿，使得零线和火线上的电流泄露至金属外壳上时，产生电击和麻电风险，从而造成安全隐患。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备和电源模块，能够解决传统的户外电子设备接地不规范时极易产生电击和麻电风险的问题。
本申请实施例的第一方面提供一种具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，包括金属外壳、电源模块以及第一高压泄放器件；金属外壳用于与固定组件固定，电源模块设置在金属外壳内；电源模块包括零线与火线，零线与金属外壳之间、火线与金属外壳之间均具有双重绝缘层，零线与火线均通过第一高压泄放器件与金属外壳连接，其中，所述双重绝缘层在耐压测试时所受的最大电压值小于所述第一高压泄放器件的启动电压，所述第一高压泄放器件的启动电压小于所述双重绝缘层的耐压值；
本申请实施例通过在零线与金属外壳之间及火线与金属外壳之间均具有双重绝缘层，以实现零线和火线分别与金属外壳之间的绝缘，确保户外电子设备在正常工作过 程中的安全性能，并且，双重绝缘不会占用很大体积也能保证足够强度的绝缘，并能满足户外电子设备(如通信设备)的安全电气性能的测试要求。同时，通过在零线和火线(以下简称零火线)与金属外壳之间连接第一高压泄放器件，使得当金属外壳不接地或者接地不规范，且户外电子设备遭受雷击浪涌电压时，该雷击浪涌电压可预先激发第一高压泄放器件进行电压泄放，使得汇聚在零火线上的高浪涌电压可通过第一高压泄放器件先瞬态泄放至金属外壳上，继而经安装杆或者墙面等固定组件瞬态泄放至大地，从而将零火线上的电压稳定在双重绝缘层的耐压范围内，从而防止雷击浪涌瞬态电压对双重绝缘层造成损坏，保证零火线上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳上，进而避免接地不规范时出现电击和麻电风险。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一高压泄放器件的启动电压大于双重绝缘层在耐压测试时所受的最大电压值，这样可在户外电子设备的耐压测试时向双重绝缘层施加压力至耐压要求值例如4243Vdc的电压，以准确测试双重绝缘层是否达到耐压要求，避免了耐压测试过程中第一高压泄放器件泄放电压而无法测试出双重绝缘层是否达到耐压要求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，户外电子设备还包括安装件，金属外壳通过安装件固定在固定组件上，以提高金属外壳与固定组件之间的稳固性，同时方便金属外壳在固定组件上的装配。
在一种可能的实现方式中，安装件被配置成导电件。
通过将安装件设置为导电件，使得当金属外壳不接地或者接地不规范，且户外电子设备遭受雷击浪涌电压时，该雷击浪涌电压可预先激发第一高压泄放器件进行电压泄放，使得汇聚在零火线上的高浪涌电压可通过第一高压泄放器件先瞬态泄放至金属外壳上，继而依次经安装件以及安装杆或者墙面等固定组件瞬态泄放至大地，从而将零火线上的电压稳定在双重绝缘层的耐压范围内。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述安装件外表面设置有绝缘层。
在一种可能的实现方式中，户外电子设备还包括第二高压泄放器件；
第二高压泄放器件设置在金属外壳的外部，金属外壳通过第二高压泄放器件与固定组件连接，这样，当金属外壳不接地或者接地不规范时，该户外电子设备遭受雷击浪涌电压时，该高浪涌电压激发第一高压泄放器件和第二泄放器件启动工作，使得汇聚在零火线上的高浪涌电压通过第一高压泄放器件先瞬态泄放至金属外壳上，继而经第二高压泄放器件瞬态泄放至固定组件例如安装杆或者墙面上，最后经安装杆或者墙面瞬态泄放至大地，这样，即使当安装件导电性能不佳时，也能将高压泄放到固定组件并最终泄放到地，从而将零火线上的电压稳定在双重绝缘层的耐压范围内，防止雷击浪涌瞬态电压对双重绝缘层造成损坏，保证零火线上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳上，进一步避免了接地不规范时出现电击和麻电风险。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二高压泄放器件的启动电压小于第一高压泄放器件的启动电压，这样，使得户外电子设备遭受雷击浪涌电压时，该浪涌电压可预先激发第二高压泄放器件启动工作，再激发第一高压泄放电压启动工作，同时保证第二高压泄放器件的启动电压小于双重绝缘层的耐压值，使得汇聚在零火线上的高浪涌电压依次通过第一高压泄放器件、金属外壳及第二高压泄放器件瞬态泄放至固定组件例如安 装杆或者墙面上，最后经安装杆或者墙面瞬态泄放至大地，避免了高浪涌电压击穿双重绝缘层而导致户外电子设备出现安全隐患。
在一种可能的实现方式中，户外电子设备的安装件被配置成绝缘安装件，第二高压泄放器件的启动电压小于绝缘安装件的耐压值。
通过将安装件设置为绝缘安装件，以防止金属外壳上带电时，该电流通过安装件直接泄露至安装杆或者墙面上而对地面上的人员造成电击或者麻电风险。同时，通过将第二高压泄放器件的启动电压设置为小于绝缘安装件的耐压值，以保证泄放至金属外壳上的高浪涌电压预先激发第二高压泄放器件启动工作，使得该高浪涌电压通过第二高压泄放器件最终泄放至大地，避免了高浪涌电压击穿绝缘安装件而影响绝缘安装件的绝缘性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述安装件被配置成绝缘安装件；所述户外电子设备还包括第二高压泄放器件；
所述第二高压泄放器件设置在所述金属外壳的外部，所述金属外壳通过所述第二高压泄放器件与所述固定组件连接，所述第二高压泄放器件的启动电压小于所述第一高压泄放器件的启动电压，所述第二高压泄放器件的启动电压小于所述绝缘安装件的耐压值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，户外电子设备还包括本地接地线，所述本地接地线一端与所述金属外壳电连接，所述本地接地线另一端用于接地。
本申请实施例通过在金属外壳上连接本地接地线，这样，在本地接地线接地时，第一高压泄放器件可将汇聚在零火线上的高浪涌电压通过金属外壳以及本地接地线瞬态泄放至大地，不仅确保雷击浪涌瞬态电压不会击穿双重绝缘层，保证金属外壳不会出现电击或者麻电风险，而且无需第二高压泄放器件工作，从而延长该第二高压泄放器件的使用寿命。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一高压泄放器件的第一端与零线和火线连接，第一高压泄放器件的第二端与金属外壳连接，这样不仅能够防止高浪涌电压对双重绝缘层造成损坏，保证零火线上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳上，而且本申请实施例能够以小体积、低成本的结构提升零火线与金属外壳之间的绝缘系统的抗浪涌能力，进而提升该户外电子设备对各个复杂场景的适应性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在一种可能的实现方式中，户外电子设备还包括短接组件，短接组件包括短接件和绝缘片；
短接件的一端与第一高压泄放器件的第一端连接，当本地接地线接地时，短接件的另一端与金属外壳连接，这样，汇聚在零火线上的高浪涌电压会经短接件以及金属外壳瞬态泄放至大地，第一高压泄放器件便无需工作，从而延长了第一高压泄放器件的使用寿命；当本地接地线未接地时，绝缘片设置在短接件的另一端与金属外壳之间，这样，在户外电子设备遭受雷击浪涌时，汇聚在零火线上的高浪涌电压会通过第一高压泄放器件以及第二高压泄放器件最终瞬态泄放至大地，同样能够保证零火线与金属外壳之间的基本绝缘层造成损坏，避免接地不规范时出现电击和麻电风险。
在一种可能的实现方式中，短接件为导电弹片，导电弹片的一端与第一高压泄放器件的第一端连接，导电弹片的另一端可沿靠近或者远离金属外壳的方向活动。
通过将短接件设置为短接弹片，不仅便于绝缘片快速地插入至短接弹片与金属外壳之间，而且便于该绝缘片快速取出，同时在取出后，短接弹片能够在弹力作用下自动抵接在金属外壳的内壁上，实现与金属外壳的快速连接。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述户外电子设备还包括电源接地线，所述电源接地线一端与所述金属外壳电连接，所述电源接地线另一端用于接地。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述户外电子设备还包括电源接地线；
所述金属外壳与所述电源模块的金属内壳上形成有贯穿孔，所述电源接地线的一端穿过所述贯穿孔并与所述防雷器的第二端电连接，所述电源接地线另一端用于接地；
所述电源接地线与所述贯穿孔的内壁间隔设置。
在一种可能的实现方式中，户外电子设备还包括防雷器；
防雷器的第一端与零线和火线连接，防雷器的第二端与第一高压泄放器件的第一端连接，第一高压泄放器件的第二端与金属外壳连接。
本申请实施例通过在第一高压泄放器件与零火线之间串联防雷器，这样，当金属外壳不接地或者接地不规范时，汇聚在零火线上的高浪涌电压会先通过防雷器以及第一高压泄放器件先瞬态泄放至金属外壳上，继而可经第二高压泄放器件或者导电安装件等瞬态泄放至固定组件例如安装杆或者墙面上，最后经安装杆或者墙面瞬态泄放至大地，从而将零火线上的电压稳定在双重绝缘层例如基本绝缘层所能承受的电压范围内，防止雷击浪涌瞬态电压对基本绝缘层造成损坏，保证零火线上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳上，进而避免接地不规范时出现电击和麻电风险。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电源模块的金属内壳与金属外壳连接，防雷器与第一高压泄放器件均设置在电源模块的金属内壳内，第一高压泄放器件的第二端连接在金属内壳上。
本申请实施例通过将防雷器与第一高压泄放器件均设置在电源模块内，这样，可预先将第一高压泄放器件和防雷器集成在电源模块内，后续在装配户外电子设备时，只要将电源模块装配在金属外壳内，便可完成防雷器与第一高压泄放器件的装配，从而提高了防雷器与第一高压泄放器件在金属外壳内的装配效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电源模块还包括金属内壳，该金属内壳的外侧壁与金属外壳的内侧壁间隔设置，防雷器设置在金属内壳内，第一高压泄放器件设置在金属内壳与金属外壳之间，防雷器的第二端与第一高压泄放器件的第一端均连接在金属内壳上，第一高压泄放器件的第二端连接在金属外壳上。
本申请实施例通过将第一高压泄放器件设置在电源模块的金属内壳外，不仅保证防雷器和第一高压泄放器件依次串联在零火线与金属外壳之间，而且节约了第一高压泄放器件在印刷电路板上的占用空间，从而可减小印刷电路板的制作尺寸，降低户外电子设备的制作成本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，户外电子设备还包括电源接地线，所述电源接地线一端与所述金属外壳电连接，所述电源接地线另一端用于接地，这样，该电源接地线可通过金属外壳与本地接地线连接，以减小电源接地线与大地之间的电阻，使得从金属外壳泄漏至电源接地线上的电流能够直接经本地接地线瞬态泄放至大地。
在一种可能的实现方式中，户外电子设备还包括电源接地线，金属外壳与电源模 块的金属内壳上形成有贯穿孔，电源接地线的一端穿过贯穿孔并与防雷器的第二端电连接，所述电源接地线另一端用于接地；电源接地线与贯穿孔的内壁间隔设置，这样，金属外壳不接地即本地接地线不接地，且电源接地线接地时，汇聚在零火线上的高浪涌电压可以通过防雷器以及电源接地线瞬态泄放至大地，从而降低了零火线上的残压，从而提升了户外电子设备的安全性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，户外电子设备还包括防雷器；
防雷器的第一端与零线和火线连接，防雷器的第二端与金属外壳连接，第一高压泄放器件设置在防雷器内，且第一高压泄放器件的第一端与防雷器内的气体放电管串联，第一高压泄放器件的第二端与防雷器的第二端连接。
本申请实施例通过将第一高压泄放器件集成在防雷器内，使得第一高压泄放器件在金属外壳内的装配更加方便快捷，例如，只需将集成有第一高压泄放器件的防雷器安装至零火线与金属外壳之间，便可完成防雷器以及第一高压泄放器件的装配，从而提高了整个户外电子设备的装配效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，防雷器与金属外壳之间具有第二绝缘层，第一高压泄放器件与金属外壳之间具有第三绝缘层，以实现防雷器和第一高压泄放器件分别与金属外壳之间的绝缘隔离，避免零火线上的电流通过防雷器或者第一高压泄放器件泄露至金属外壳上，进一步增强零火线与金属外壳之间的绝缘性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二绝缘层包括基本绝缘层，第三绝缘层包括基本绝缘层和附加绝缘层，附加绝缘层与基本绝缘层叠层设置，这样，不仅增强了零火线与金属外壳之间的绝缘性能，而且也降低了绝缘成本，从而降低了户外电子设备的整体制作成本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二绝缘层包括功能绝缘层，第三绝缘层包括加强绝缘层，这样，不仅增强了零火线与金属外壳之间的绝缘性能，而且也降低了绝缘成本，从而降低了户外电子设备的整体制作成本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一高压泄放器件和户外电子设备的第二高压泄放器件均包括气体放电管和石墨间隙浪涌保护器中的任意一种。
在一种可能的实现方式中，户外电子设备包括防雷器，防雷器内的气体放电管被配置成第一高压泄放器件。
本申请实施例通过将第一高压泄放器件集成在防雷器中，使得第一高压泄放器件在金属外壳内的装配更加方便快捷，例如，只需将集成有第一高压泄放器件的防雷器安装至零火线与金属外壳之间，便可完成第一高压泄放器件的装配，从而提高了整个户外电子设备的装配效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一高压泄放器件包括石墨间隙浪涌保护器。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一高压泄放器件与金属外壳之间具有第四绝缘层，第四绝缘层包括加强绝缘层，以进一步增强零火线与金属外壳之间的绝缘性能。
本申请实施例的第二方面提供一种电源模块，应用于户外电子设备，所述户外电子设备包括金属外壳以及所述电源模块；其中，所述电源模块位于所述金属外壳内；
所述电源模块包括第一高压泄放器件，以及零线与火线；
所述零线与所述金属外壳之间、所述火线与所述金属外壳之间均具有双重绝缘层， 所述零线与所述火线均通过所述第一高压泄放器件与所述金属外壳连接，其中，所述第一高压泄放器件的启动电压小于所述双重绝缘层的耐压值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一高压泄放器件的启动电压大于所述双重绝缘层在耐压测试时所受的最大电压值，其中，所述最大电压值为所述双重绝缘层的耐压要求值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电源模块还包括防雷器；
所述防雷器的第一端与所述零线和所述火线连接，所述防雷器的第二端与所述第一高压泄放器件的第一端连接，所述第一高压泄放器件的第二端与所述金属外壳连接。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电源模块还包括金属内壳，所述金属内壳与所述金属外壳连接，所述防雷器与所述第一高压泄放器件均设置在所述电源模块的金属内壳内，所述第一高压泄放器件的第二端连接在所述金属内壳上。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例一提供的户外电子设备的第一种结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例一提供的户外电子设备的第二种结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例二提供的户外电子设备的第一种结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例二提供的户外电子设备的第二种结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例二提供的户外电子设备的第三种结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例三提供的户外电子设备的第一种结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例三提供的户外电子设备的第二种结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例四提供的户外电子设备的结构示意图；
图9是图8中防雷器的内部结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例五提供的户外电子设备的结构示意图；
图11是图10中防雷器的内部结构示意图；
图12是本申请一实施例提供的电源模块的结构示意图；
图13是本申请一实施例提供的电源模块的又一结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
100-户外电子设备；200-固定组件；
110-金属外壳；120-电源模块；130-第一高压泄放器件；140-第二高压泄放器件；150-安装件；160-短接组件；170-防雷器；180-导电连接件；
111-电源接地线；112-本地接地线；113-贯穿孔；121-零火线；122-金属内壳；161-短接件；162-绝缘片；171-并联电路；172-接地端；173-防雷元件；
1211-火线；1212-零线；1711-第一连接点；1712-第二连接点。
具体实施方式
下面结合各附图，对本申请的各个实施例进行描述。这里需要说明的是，本申请实施例涉及的数值和数值范围为近似值，受制造工艺的影响，可能会存在一定范围的误差，这部分误差本领域技术人员可以认为忽略不计。
实施例一
图1是本申请实施例一提供的户外电子设备的第一种结构示意图。参照图1所示，本申请实施例一提供了一种具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备。本申请实施例，户外电子设备以基站100为为例进行说明，本申请实施例提供的基站100包括金属外壳110、电源模块120和第一高压泄放器件130。
参照图1所示，实际情况下，金属外壳110可通过安装件150固定在固定组件200上，其中，固定组件200是指固定不动的组件，例如，该固定组件200可以是安装杆、安装塔或者墙面等。
安装件150是指用于将基站100安装到固定组件200的组件，安装件的具体实现为现有技术，本申请实施例不对该安装件150的具体结构进行限制，只要保证金属外壳110稳固地安装在安装杆或者墙面上即可，例如，一种常用的安装件150可以包括第一安装部与第二安装部，第一安装部与基站100固定(例如，第一安装部与基站100的金属外壳110通过螺钉等方式固定)，第二安装部与固定组件200固定(如通过螺钉、铆钉、捆绑等方式)，然后通过将第一安装部与第二安装部固定(比如通过螺钉、卡接等方式)，从而实现将基站100安装到固定组件200上。安装件150的结构可以直接参照现有的各种安装件150的结构，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例中的电源模块120位于金属外壳110内，且该电源模块120包括零火线121，其中，零火线121包括火线1211和零线1212。零火线121与金属外壳110之间具有双重绝缘层(图中未示出)，具体而言，零线1212与金属外壳110之间具有双重绝缘层，火线1211与金属外壳110之间也具有双重绝缘层，以实现零线1212和火线1211分别与金属外壳110之间的绝缘隔离，保证零线1212和火线1211上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳110上，进而不会泄露至固定组件200上而对过往人员带来安全隐患，确保户外电子设备在正常工作过程中的安全性能。
本实施例中，为了便于与下述的绝缘层区别，可以将零火线121与金属外壳110之间具有双重绝缘层作为第一绝缘层。
其中，双重绝缘层(double insulation)可以参照标准IEC60020-195的定义：double insulation comprising both basic insulation and supplementary insulation，即双重绝缘层包括基本绝缘层和附加绝缘层。
通过在零火线121与金属外壳110之间具有双重绝缘层，防止零火线121上的电流泄露至金属外壳110上，而使金属外壳110带电，并且，双重绝缘层不会占用很大体积也能保证足够强度的绝缘，并能满足户外电子设备(如通信设备)的安全电气性能的测试要求。
其中，基本绝缘层可以指对防电击提供基本保护的绝缘层。例如，在零火线121表面上包裹绝缘材料例如绝缘油漆，或者，在金属外壳110的内表面设置绝缘材料例如绝缘油漆。再例如，可以将零火线121与金属外壳110的内壁之间设置为具有一定间隔，通过将空气介质作为双重绝缘层，达到隔离零火线121与金属外壳110的效果。可以理解的是，基本绝缘层为绝缘油漆时，该绝缘油漆的厚度以及材质可根据基础绝缘层的耐压要求进行设置。当双重绝缘层为空气介质时，零火线121与金属外壳110 的内壁之间的间距可根据基础绝缘层的耐压要求进行设置。
本申请实施例的第一高压泄放器件130设置在金属外壳110的容置腔内。该第一高压泄放器件130的第一端与零火线121连接(即零线1212和火线1211均与第一高压泄放器件130的第一端连接)，第一高压泄放器件130的第二端与金属外壳110进行连接，这样，便可使零线1212与火线1211均通过第一高压泄放器件130与金属外壳110连接。其中，零线1212与火线1211均通过第一高压泄放器件130与金属外壳110连接是指物理结构上的连接，并不表示一直处于电连接。
具体的，本申请实施例中的高压泄放器件(例如第一高压泄放器件130及下文中的第二高压泄放器件140)是用于对高压进行泄放的器件，这类器件具有一个启动电压，当器件承受的电压小于启动电压时，器件两端处于绝缘状态，且可以耐受此时的电压；当器件承受的电压达到启动电压时，器件开始工作，此时，器件两端处于导通状态，以对高压进行泄放。也就是说，在正常情况下(第一高压泄放器件130受到的瞬态电压低于第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压)时，第一高压泄放器件130的两端分别与零火线121和金属外壳110未实现电连接，当第一高压泄放器件130受到的瞬态电压达到第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压时，第一高压泄放器件130的两端分别与零火线121和金属外壳110实现电连接。此外，零火线121均通过第一高压泄放器件130与金属外壳110连接时，零火线121与金属外壳110之间可以只有第一高压泄放器件130，也可以包含其他的电路，来达到类似或者更好的效果。
参照图1所示，第一高压泄放器件130的一端与零火线121之间可以通过导电连接件180(例如铜片)连接。例如，在零火线121上分别引出导线，两个导线的一端可焊接或通过螺钉固定在铜片上，第一高压泄放器件130的一端也可焊接或者通过螺钉固定在铜片上，从而实现第一高压泄放器件130的一端与零火线121之间的连接。同理，也可以在金属外壳110的内壁上设置导电连接件180(例如铜片)，第一高压泄放器件130的另一端也可通过螺钉或者焊接的方式固定在该导电连接件180上，从而实现第一高压泄放器件130的另一端与金属外壳110之间的连接。
其中，第一高压泄放器件130在具体设置时，可以包括但不限于气体放电管(Gas Discharge Tube，简称GDT)和石墨间隙浪涌保护器中的任意一种。具体地，当基站100受到的电压超过该启动电压时，第一高压泄放器件130处于导通状态，例如，作为第一高压泄放器件130的气体放电管受到高于启动电压的高电压时，该高电压会击穿气体放电管中的放电间隙，使得该气体放电管短路，即保证大量电流从第一高压泄放器件130的第一端泄放至第一高压泄放器件130的第二端，从而实现对高压的泄放。其中，第一高压泄放器件130泄放电压的原理可参照现有技术中气体放电管等的泄放电压的原理，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例中，第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压小于双重绝缘层的耐压值。这样，当基站100受到雷击时，可以先让第一高压泄放器件130开始工作，避免双重绝缘层承受过高的电压而导致损坏，从而可以保证零火线121上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳110上，防止出现电击和麻电现象。例如，当双重绝缘层的耐压值为4900Vdc时，可将第一高压泄放器件130设置为其启动电压低于4900Vdc的电压值，例如，第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压可以为4243Vdc、4500Vdc、4800Vdc等合适的电压值， 以保证第一高压泄放器件130在导通之前，瞬态高电压不会击穿双重绝缘层。
其中，参照图1所示，第一高压泄放器件130可以设置在电源模块120内，例如，该第一高压泄放器件130电连接在电源模块120内的印刷电路板上。
在该示例中，电源模块120可以包括一个金属内壳122，该金属内壳122可直接连接在金属外壳110内，例如，金属外壳110靠近第一高压泄放器件130第二端的侧壁贴合在金属外壳110的其中一个内侧壁上，这样，第一高压泄放器件130的第二端与金属内壳122直接连接，例如，第一高压泄放器件130的第二端焊接在金属内壳122上，便可使得第一高压泄放器件130的第二端与金属外壳110实现连接。
在其他示例中，第一高压泄放器件130可以设置在电源模块120的外部，零火线121的一端可以连接在电源模块120的金属内壳122上，第一高压泄放器件130的第一端连接在金属内壳122上，便可使第一高压泄放器件130的第一端与零火线121连接。
在一些示例中，户外电子设备中双重绝缘层的耐压可能会有测试要求，例如，当户外电子设备是基站100时，双重绝缘层的耐压能需要符合安全标准IEC62368，此时，第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压可大于双重绝缘层在耐压测试时所受的最大电压值，即，双重绝缘层在耐压测试时所受的最大电压值小于第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压，这样可在基站100的耐压测试时向双重绝缘层施加压力至耐压要求值，以准确测试双重绝缘层是否满足耐压要求，避免了耐压测试过程中因第一高压泄放器件130泄放电压而无法测试出双重绝缘层是否达到耐压要求。
例如，若第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压小于双重绝缘层在耐压测试时所受的最大电压值，最大电压值为双重绝缘层的耐压要求值。在耐压测试过程中，当测试电压达到第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压时，该电压便通过第一高压泄放器件130进行泄放，使得双重绝缘层受到的电压值小于测试电压值，从而无法向双重绝缘层施加耐压测试过程的最大电压值，这样便无法测试出双重绝缘层是否能够承受最大电压值。
第一绝缘层具体的耐压值与测试耐压值可根据实际需要调整，例如，在IEC62368标准测试中，耐压测试的最大电压值约为4243Vdc，双重绝缘层的耐压压力可以设置为大于4900Vdc，也即是说，对双重绝缘层施加等于或者低于4900Vdc的电压时，该双重绝缘层不会被击穿。
本申请实施例中，金属外壳110与固定组件200之间可在出现浪涌电压时导电。例如，在一些示例中，安装件150可被配置为导电件，这样，金属外壳110与固定组件200之间可通过安装件150进行导电。示例性地，安装件150可以为基于铜、铝等的合金。此外，也可以将金属外壳110的外侧壁与固定组件200之间的距离设置得小一些，这样，可利用两者之间的空气层来实现导电，从而实现金属外壳110与固定组件200之间的导通。其中，具体的距离值可通过测试等手段来得到，这里不再赘述。
此外，可以理解的是，固定组件200例如安装杆或者墙面的材质通常都会具有导电能力(例如，安装杆由金属材料制造而成，或者墙的材料包括钢筋或者水泥等)，这样，金属外壳110上的电流可通过空气间隙或者导电的安装件150流至固定组件200 上，再经该固定组件200引流至大地。
本申请实施例中，当金属外壳110不接地或者接地不规范时，该基站100遭受雷击浪涌电压时，汇聚在零火线121上的高浪涌电压会预先激发第一高压泄放器件130启动工作，可将浪涌瞬态电压瞬态泄放至双重绝缘层的耐压值以内，以防止浪涌瞬态电压击穿双重绝缘层，泄放后的浪涌瞬态电压先传导至金属外壳110上，继而通过空气间隙或者安装件150等瞬态泄放至固定组件200(例如安装杆或者墙面上)，最后经安装杆或者墙面瞬态泄放至大地，从而将零火线121上的电压稳定在双重绝缘层所能承受的电压范围内，防止雷击浪涌瞬态电压对双重绝缘层造成损坏，保证零火线121上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳110上，进而避免接地不规范时出现电击和麻电风险。
图2是本申请实施例一提供的户外电子设备的第二种结构示意图。参照图2所示，本申请实施例的户外电子设备还可以包括第二高压泄放器件140，该第二高压泄放器件140设置在金属外壳110的外部，金属外壳110通过第二高压泄放器件140与固定组件200连接。例如，第二高压泄放器件140的第一端与金属外壳110连接，第二高压泄放器件140的第二端与固定组件200连接。可以理解的是，第二高压泄放器件140的两端分别与金属外壳110和固定组件200之间的连接的具体含义可直接参照第一高压泄放器件140分别与零火线121和金属外壳110的连接的内容，此处不再赘述。
其中，第二高压泄放器件140可以与第一高压泄放器件130的结构一致，例如，第二高压泄放器件140可以包括但不限于气体放电管(Gas Discharge Tube，简称GDT)和石墨间隙浪涌保护器中的任意一种。
如上所述，第二高压泄放器件140也具有启动电压。例如，基站100在正常使用过程中，第二高压泄放器件140的两端处于绝缘状态，即第二高压泄放器件140在正常情况下可耐低于启动电压的电压值。
当基站100受到的电压超过第二高压泄放器件140的启动电压时，第二高压泄放器件140处于导通状态，例如，作为第二高压泄放器件140的气体放电管受到高于启动电压的高电压时，该高电压会击穿气体放电管中的放电间隙，使得该气体放电管短路，即保证大量电流从第二高压泄放器件140的第一端泄放至第二高压泄放器件140的第二端，这样，即使当安装件150导电性能不佳时，也能将高压泄放到固定组件200并最终泄放到地，进一步保证了设备的安全。
具体设置时，第二高压泄放器件140的启动电压可小于第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压，这样便可保证第二高压泄放器件140在第一高压泄放器件130之前便可被激发并处于导通状态，同时保证第二高压泄放器件140的启动电压小于双重绝缘层的耐压值，即确保第二高压泄放器件140在启动之前，高电压不会直接对双重绝缘层造成损坏，从而使得户外电子设备遭受雷击浪涌电压时，该浪涌电压可预先激发第二高压泄放器件140启动工作，再激发第一高压泄放电压130启动工作，使得汇聚在零火线121上的高浪涌电压依次通过第一高压泄放器件130、金属外壳110及第二高压泄放器件140瞬态泄放至固定组件200(例如安装杆或者墙面上)，最后经安装杆或者墙面瞬态泄放至大地，避免了高浪涌电压击穿双重绝缘层而导致户外电子设备出现安全隐患。
其中，第二高压泄放器件140的两端也可焊接或者通过螺钉分别固定在金属外壳110与固定组件200上，以实现第二高压泄放器件140的两端分别与金属外壳110和固定组件200(例如安装杆)之间的连接。
一般地，基站100设置在安装杆或者墙面距离地面较高的位置，以防止小孩等闲杂人员对该基站100进行损坏。而安装杆或者墙面的材质通常会掺杂导电介质，基于此，当金属外壳110与固定组件200之间具有第二高压泄放器件140时，本申请实施例的安装件150也可以配置成绝缘安装件，以防止金属外壳110上带电时，该电流通过安装件150直接泄露至安装杆或者墙面上而对地面上的人员造成电击或者麻电风险。
例如，可以在安装件150的表面可以设置第五绝缘层(图中未示出)。示例性地，该第五绝缘层可以为涂刷在安装件150的表面的绝缘漆，以起到绝缘的作用。当然，该第五绝缘层也可以是设置在安装件150表面的绝缘片，该绝缘片用于将安装件150与金属外壳110和固定组件200隔离开。
在其他示例中，该安装件150本身可以为绝缘介质，例如，该安装件150可以基于由塑料等绝缘材料制成，以起到绝缘作用；或者一部分使用导电的材料，另一部分(如表面)使用绝缘的塑料，从而既能实现导电，也能实现表面绝缘。
需要说明的是，第二高压泄放器件140的启动电压小于绝缘安装件的耐压值，确保高浪涌电压在使第二高压泄放器件140启动之前，不会对绝缘安装件造成损坏，也即是说，泄放至金属外壳110上的高浪涌电压可预先激发第二高压泄放器件140启动工作，使得该高浪涌电压通过第二高压泄放器件140最终泄放至大地，避免了高浪涌电压击穿绝缘安装件而影响绝缘安装件的绝缘性能。
具体而言，当金属外壳110不接地或者接地不规范，且户外电子设备遭受雷击浪涌电压时，瞬态泄放至金属外壳110上的高浪涌电压会通过该第二高压泄放器件140瞬态泄放至固定组件200(例如安装杆或者墙面上)，最后，经安装杆或者墙面瞬态泄放至大地，避免了高浪涌电压击穿安装件150上的第五绝缘层的情况发生，即保证安装件150上的第五绝缘层不被腐蚀，从而使得金属外壳110上带电时，该电流不会经安装件150泄露至固定组件200例如安装杆上，确保金属外壳110带电时不会对地面上的人员造成电击或者麻电风险。
参照图1所示，本申请实施例中，还可以在金属外壳110上连接本地接地线112，本地接地线112一端与金属外壳110电连接，本地接地线112的另一端用于接地。
当本地接地线112接地时，第一高压泄放器件130可将汇聚在零火线121上的高浪涌电压通过金属外壳110瞬态泄放至大地，进一步确保雷击浪涌瞬态电压不会击穿基础绝缘，保证金属外壳110不会出现电击或者麻电风险。
另外，基于上述可知，在本地接地线112接地时，高浪涌电压通过金属外壳110瞬态泄放至大地，这样，第二高压泄放器件140不进行动作，便可保证零火线121与金属外壳110之间的基本绝缘层以及安装件150中的绝缘介质均不会受到高浪涌电压的损坏，从而在延长该第二高压泄放器件140的使用寿命的同时，保证该基站100不会造成电击及麻电风险。
本申请实施例，还可以在金属外壳110上连接电源接地线111，其中，该电源接地线111是从户外供电站牵引至该基站100上的三芯线中的接地线。因金属外壳110具有导电性，因此，该基站100通过金属外壳110与本地接地线112连接，以减小电源接地线111与大地之间的电阻，使得从金属外壳110泄漏至电源接地线111上的电流能够直接经本地接地线112瞬态泄放至大地。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例的零线1212、火线1211以及电源接地线111可以在物理上看上去是一根导线，电源模块120上具有三个接口，分别用于接通零线1212、火线1211以及电源接地线111。为了便于理解，本申请的各个附图将零线1212、火线1211以及电源接地线111单独开来，以形象的表征零线1212、火线1211以及电源接地线111的一端与电源模块120的接通位置。
具体设置时，该电源接地线111可引入至金属外壳110内部，并连接在电源模块120的金属内壳122上，以保证金属内壳122上的电流通过该电源接地线111以及本地接地线112快速的瞬态泄放至大地。
通过设置连接本地接地线112以及电源接地线111可以适用更多的应用场景，例如，在接地情况良好的情况下，就可以将本地接地线112以及电源接地线111接地，从而进一步提高安全性，同时也提升了该基站100对各个复杂场景的适应性。
本申请实施例中的第一高压泄放器件130与金属外壳110之间可具有第四绝缘层，该第四绝缘层可以为加强绝缘层，以进一步增强零火线121与金属外壳110之间的绝缘性能，确保零火线121上的电流不会通过第一高压泄放器件130泄露至金属外壳110上。
其中，加强绝缘层是指一种单一的绝缘结构，其所提供的防电击的保护等级相当于双重绝缘层，该加强绝缘层的耐压压力可以大于3000Vac，也即是说，在加强绝缘层受到3000Vac以下的电压时不会发生失效。
需要说明的是，双重绝缘层是指由基本绝缘层加上附加绝缘层构成的绝缘层。而附加绝缘层是指除基本绝缘层以外施加的独立的绝缘层，用以在基本绝缘层一旦失效时减小电击的危险。例如，在第一高压泄放器件130的基本绝缘层上再增设一层绝缘层，例如，第一高压泄放器件130外设有双重绝缘层(参见上述所述)。实际应用中，附加绝缘层的耐压压力大于1500Vac，也即是说，在基本绝缘层因受到电击或者其他因素而失效时，该附加绝缘层还可继续抵抗1500Vac以下的压力，以保证第一高压泄放器件130与金属外壳110之间的绝缘性能，从而保证零火线121与金属外壳110在正常状态下(未受到雷击浪涌电压的状态)处于绝缘状态。
当第一高压泄放器件130设置在电源模块120的金属内壳122内时，第四绝缘层具体可以设置在第一高压泄放器件130的表面以及该第一高压泄放器件130外部隔离电路与金属内壳122之间，以实现第一高压泄放器件130与金属内壳122之间的绝缘隔离，从而防止零火线121上漏电时，该电流通过第一高压泄放器件130泄露至金属内壳122上，进而避免最终泄露至金属外壳110上而出现麻电或者电击风险。
第四绝缘层具体可以是设置在第一高压泄放器件130的表面或者该第一高压泄放器件130外部隔离电路与金属内壳122之间的绝缘油漆等绝缘材料。在一些示例中， 第一高压泄放器件130与金属内壳122之间可以具有一定间距，使得第一高压泄放器件130与金属内壳122之间的空气介质作为第四绝缘层。
当第一高压泄放器件130设置在电源模块120外部时，第四绝缘层具体是设置在第一高压泄放器件130的表面以及该第一高压泄放器件130外部隔离电路与金属外壳110之间，以实现第一高压泄放器件130与金属外壳110之间的绝缘隔离，从而防止零火线121上漏电时，该电流通过第一高压泄放器件130泄露至金属外壳110上，进而避免最终泄露至金属外壳110上而出现麻电或者电击风险。
实施例二
图3是本申请实施例二提供的户外电子设备的第一种结构示意图，图4是本申请实施例二提供的户外电子设备的第二种结构示意图。参照图3和图4所示，在实施例一的基础上，本申请实施例的基站100还包括防雷器170，该防雷器170和第一高压泄放器件130依次串联在零火线121与金属外壳110之间。
参照图3所示，本申请实施例的防雷器170的第一端与零火线121连接，防雷器170的第二端(即接地端172)与第一高压泄放器件130连接。
其中，防雷器170的接地端172可通过铜片等导电连接件180与第一高压泄放器件130连接，以提高防雷器170与第一高压泄放器件130之间的连接稳定性。
当金属外壳110不接地或者接地不规范时，该基站100遭受雷击浪涌电压时，汇聚在零火线121上的高浪涌电压会先通过防雷器170以及第一高压泄放器件130先瞬态泄放至金属外壳110上，继而经第二高压泄放器件140或者导电安装件150等瞬态泄放至固定组件200例如安装杆或者墙面上，最后经安装杆或者墙面瞬态泄放至大地，从而将零火线121上的电压稳定在双重绝缘层(即基本绝缘层)所能承受的电压范围内，从而防止雷击浪涌瞬态电压对基本绝缘层造成损坏，保证零火线121上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳110上，进而避免接地不规范时出现电击和麻电风险。
当金属外壳110接地，即本地接地线112接地时，汇聚在零火线121上的高浪涌电压依次通过防雷器170以及第一高压泄放器件130瞬态泄放至金属外壳110上，最后经金属外壳110瞬态泄放至大地，进一步确保雷击浪涌瞬态电压不会击穿基础绝缘，保证金属外壳110不会出现电击或者麻电风险。
其中，防雷器170的结构以及工作原理可直接参照传统技术中的防雷器170，例如，防雷器通常使用压敏型防雷器，使用该防雷器时，在防雷击后可以避免产生续流，使得系统更加安全；或者，防雷器也可以使用差共模防雷器，这样，还能保护火线、零线之间的绝缘。防雷器的启动电压小于第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压。
可以理解的是，雷击浪涌的电压值只有在高于防雷器170、第一高压泄放器件130及第二高压泄放器件140这三者之和时，便可使防雷器170、第一高压泄放器件130及第二高压泄放器件140均进行动作。
本申请实施例中，通过设置防雷器170，这样，基站100接地或不接地，均无电击危险，而且，在第一高压泄放器件130的基础上再增加防雷器170，还能具有防雷器170带来的额外的效果(例如，避免产生续流，或者还能保护火线、零线之间绝缘)，从而使得整个设备防抗浪涌的能力更好，更有效地应对复杂基站安装场景。
参照图3所示，作为其中一种可能的实现方式，本申请实施例的防雷器170和第一高压泄放器件130均设置在电源模块120内。例如，该防雷器170和第一高压泄放器件130均电连接在电源模块120内的印刷电路板上。
在该示例中，电源模块120的金属内壳122可直接连接在金属外壳110上，例如，金属外壳110靠近第一高压泄放器件130第二端的侧壁贴合在金属外壳110的其中一个侧壁上，这样，第一高压泄放器件130的第二端直接连接(例如焊接)在金属内壳122上，便可使得第一高压泄放器件130的第二端与金属外壳110实现连接。
本申请实施例通过将防雷器170与第一高压泄放器件130均设置在电源模块120内，这样，可预先将第一高压泄放器件130和防雷器170集成在电源模块120内，后续在装配基站100时，只要将电源模块120装配在金属外壳110内，便可完成防雷器170与第一高压泄放器件130的装配，从而提高了防雷器170与第一高压泄放器件130在金属外壳110内的装配效率，进而提高了整个户外电子设备的装配效率。
参照图4所示，作为另一种可能的实现方式，电源模块120的金属内壳122的外侧壁与金属外壳110的内侧壁间隔设置，防雷器170设置在电源模块120的内部，第一高压泄放器件130可以设置在电源模块120的金属内壳122与金属外壳110之间，例如，防雷器170的接地端172连接在电源模块120的金属内壳122上，第一高压泄放器件130的第一端连接在金属内壳122上，第一高压泄放器件130的第二端连接在金属外壳110上，这样，不仅保证防雷器170和第一高压泄放器件130依次串联在零火线121与金属外壳110之间，而且节约了第一高压泄放器件130在印刷电路板上的占用空间，从而可减小印刷电路板的制作尺寸，降低基站100的制作成本。
本申请实施例中，防雷器170和第一高压泄放器件130上均设置有绝缘层，以进一步增强零火线121与金属外壳110之间的绝缘性能，例如，零火线121与金属外壳110之间不仅可以通过双重绝缘层进行绝缘隔离，还可通过防雷器170与第一高压泄放器件130上的绝缘层隔离从零火线121泄漏至金属外壳110上的电流。
为了方便描述，可将防雷器170上的绝缘层作为第二绝缘层，第一高压泄放器件130上的绝缘层作为第三绝缘层。
可以理解的是，防雷器170与金属外壳110的内壁之间可具有间距，这样，第二绝缘层可以是防雷器170与金属外壳110之间的空气介质。同样地，第一高压泄放器件130与金属外壳110的内壁之间可具有间距，这样，第三绝缘层可以是第一高压泄放器件130与金属外壳110之间的空气介质。
其中，第二绝缘层可以是基本绝缘层，也可以是功能绝缘层。功能绝缘层是指仅使防雷器170完成正常功能所需要的绝缘层，该功能绝缘层的耐压电压值例如可以大于500Vac。
在防雷器170上的第二绝缘层为基本绝缘层时，第一高压泄放器件130上的第三绝缘层可以为附加绝缘层；在防雷器170上的第二绝缘层为功能绝缘层时，第一高压泄放器件130上的第三绝缘层可以为加强绝缘层，这样，不仅增强了零火线121与金属外壳110之间的绝缘性能，而且也降低了绝缘成本，从而降低了基站100的整体制作成本。
图5是本申请实施例二提供的户外电子设备的第三种结构示意图。参照图5所示，本申请实施例的基站100还可以包括短接组件160，该短接组件160可以设置防雷器170的接地端172与金属外壳110之间。其中，短接组件160具体包括短接件161和绝缘片162，短接件161的一端与防雷器170的接地端172连接，也即是说，该短接件161的一端与第一高压泄放器件130的第一端连接。
在本地接地线112接地时，短接件161的另一端与金属外壳110连接，这样，当零火线121遭受到雷击浪涌时，汇聚在零火线121上的高浪涌电压会依次通过防雷器170以及短接件161瞬态泄放至金属外壳110上，最后经金属外壳110以及本地接地线112直接瞬态泄放至大地，不仅防止雷击浪涌瞬态电压对双重绝缘层造成损坏，保证零火线121上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳110上，进而避免接地时出现电击和麻电风险，而且无需使用第一高压泄放器件130和第二高压泄放器件140，从而延长了第一高压泄放器件130和第二高压泄放器件140的使用寿命。
在本地接地线112未接地时，短接件161的另一端通过绝缘片162与金属外壳110连接，例如，在短接件161的另一端与金属外壳110之间设置绝缘片162，这样，当零火线121遭受到雷击浪涌时，汇聚在零火线121上的高浪涌电压便依次通过防雷器170、第一高压泄放器件130、金属外壳110、第二高压泄放器件140以及固定组件200瞬态泄放至大地上，将零火线121上的电压稳定在基础绝缘所能承受的电压范围内，从而防止雷击浪涌瞬态电压对双重绝缘层造成损坏，避免接地不规范时出现电击和麻电风险。
可以理解的是，绝缘片162可拆卸的设置在短接件161与金属外壳110之间，以便于在本地接地线112接地规范时，将该绝缘片162快速从短接件161与金属外壳110之间取出，同时在本地接地线112未接地或者接地不规范时，将该绝缘片162快速地装配在短接件161与金属外壳110之间。
具体实现时，该短接件161可以为短接弹片，该短接弹片的一端与第一高压泄放器件130的第一端电连接，短接弹片的另一端在弹力作用下可沿靠近或者远离金属外壳110的方向活动。在短接弹片的弹性预紧力的作用下，绝缘片162抵接在短接弹片与金属外壳110之间。
通过将短接件161设置为短接弹片，不仅便于绝缘片162快速地插入至短接弹片与金属外壳110之间，而且便于该绝缘片162快速取出，同时在取出后，短接弹片能够在弹力作用下自动抵接在金属外壳110的内壁上，实现与金属外壳110的快速电连接。
另外，绝缘片162中的绝缘层可以为基本绝缘层，以实现短接件161与金属外壳110之间的绝缘隔离。
基于上述可知，本申请实施例通过在防雷器170的接地端172与金属外壳110之间设置短接件161和绝缘片162，使得金属外壳110在接地或者未接地时，均能够防止雷击浪涌瞬态电压对双重绝缘层造成损坏，保证零火线121上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳110上，避免出现电击和麻电风险。
实施例三
图6是本申请实施例三提供的户外电子设备的第一种结构示意图，图7是本申请实施例三提供的户外电子设备的第二种结构示意图。参照图6和图7所示，与实施例二不同的是，本申请实施例的基站100中，在金属外壳110和电源模块120的金属内壳122上均开设贯穿孔113，电源接地线111穿过该贯穿孔113并连接在防雷器170的接地端172。其中，电源接地线111与贯穿孔113的内壁间隔设置。
当金属外壳110接地，即本地接地线112接地规范时，汇聚在零火线121上的高浪涌电压依次通过防雷器170以及第一高压泄放器件130瞬态泄放至金属外壳110上，最后经金属外壳110瞬态泄放至大地，进一步确保雷击浪涌瞬态电压不会击穿基础绝缘，保证金属外壳110不会出现电击或者麻电风险。
当金属外壳110不接地，即本地接地线112不接地，且电源接地线111接地时，汇聚在零火线121上的高浪涌电压可以通过防雷器170以及电源接地线111瞬态泄放至大地，从而降低了零火线121上的残压，从而提升了基站100的安全性能。
当金属外壳110不接地，且电源接地线111也不接地时，该基站100遭受雷击浪涌电压时，汇聚在零火线121上的高浪涌电压会先通过防雷器170以及第一高压泄放器件130先瞬态泄放至金属外壳110上，继而经第二高压泄放器件140或者导电的安装件150等瞬态泄放至固定组件200(例如安装杆或者墙面)上，最后经安装杆或者墙面瞬态泄放至大地，从而将零火线121上的电压稳定在基础绝缘所能承受的电压范围内，从而防止雷击浪涌瞬态电压对基本绝缘层造成损坏，保证零火线121上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳110上，进而避免接地不规范时出现电击和麻电风险。
参照图6所示，第一高压泄放器件130和防雷器170可以均设置在电源模块120内。
参照图7所示，在一些示例中，防雷器170可以设置在电源模块120内，第一高压泄放器件130设置在电源模块120外，且该第一高压泄放器件130的两端分别与金属内壳122和金属外壳110连接，防雷器170的接地端172与金属内壳122连接。在该示例中，电源接地线111的一端可以连接在电源模块120的金属内壳122上，例如，电源接地线111的一端可以焊接或者螺钉连接在金属内壳122上的导电连接件180(例如铜片)上，以确保电源接地线111与金属内壳122之间实现稳定连接。
实施例四
图8是本申请实施例四提供的户外电子设备的结构示意图，图9是图8中防雷器的内部结构示意图。与实施例二和实施例三不同的是，本申请实施例四的第一高压泄放器件130还可以集成在防雷器170中。
例如，参照图9所示，第一高压泄放器件130的第一端连接在防雷器170的防雷元件173的一端，第一高压泄放器件130的第二端连接在防雷器170的接地端172(参见图8所示)，防雷器170的接地端172直接与金属外壳110连接。
本申请实施例，通过将第一高压泄放器件130集成在防雷器170内，使得第一高压泄放器件130在金属外壳110内的装配更加方便快捷，例如，只需将集成有第一高压泄放器件130的防雷器170安装至零火线121与金属外壳110之间，便可完成防雷 器170以及第一高压泄放器件130的装配，从而提高了整个基站100的装配效率。
本申请实施例的工作原理与实施例二一致，可直接参照实施例二中的工作原理，此处不再赘述。
实施例五
图10是本申请实施例五提供的户外电子设备的结构示意图，图11是图10中防雷器的内部结构示意图。参照图10和图11所示，与上述任意一个实施例不同的是，本申请实施例的户外电子设备包括防雷器170，防雷器170内的气体放电管被配置成第一高压泄放器件130。
具体而言，该第一高压泄放器件130代替防雷器170中的气体放电管，串联在防雷器170内的电路上，例如，参照图11所示，该第一高压泄放器件130的一端通过设有压敏电阻的并联电路171与零火线121连接，第一高压泄放器件130的另一端与防雷器170的接地端172连接，防雷器170的接地端172与金属外壳110连接，从而实现第一高压泄放器件130的另一端与金属外壳110的连接。
其中，零火线121中的火线1211与并联电路171中的第一连接点1711连接，零火线121中的零线1212与并联电路171中的第二连接点1712连接，从而将零线1212和火线1211连接在第一高压泄放器件130的一端。
可以理解的是，在本申请实施例中，第一高压泄放器件130为除气体放电管以外的放电间隙器件，例如，该第一高压泄放器件130为石墨间隙浪涌保护器。这样，电压高时可以击穿石墨间隙浪涌保护器的间隙，实现导通。
本申请实施例通过将第一高压泄放器件130集成在防雷器170中，使得第一高压泄放器件130在金属外壳110内的装配更加方便快捷，例如，只需将集成有第一高压泄放器件130的防雷器170安装至零火线121与金属外壳110之间，便可完成第一高压泄放器件130的装配，从而提高了整个基站100的装配效率。
实施例六
参见图12所示，本申请实施例一种电源模块122，应用于户外电子设备，该户外电子设备可以为上述基站100，其中，户外电子设备包括金属外壳110以及电源模块122；电源模块122位于金属外壳110内(参见上述图1-图10)。
电源模块122包括第一高压泄放器件130以及零火线121，零火线121包括火线1211和零线1212。零火线121与金属外壳110之间具有双重绝缘层(图中未示出，也即第一绝缘层)，具体而言，零线1212与金属外壳110之间具有双重绝缘层，火线1211与金属外壳110之间也具有双重绝缘层，以实现零线1212和火线1211分别与金属外壳110之间的绝缘隔离，保证零线1212和火线1211上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳110上，进而不会泄露至固定组件200上而对过往人员带来安全隐患，确保户外电子设备在正常工作过程中的安全性能。
火线1211和零线1212均通过第一高压泄放器件130与金属外壳110(参见图1所示)连接，第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压小于双重绝缘层的耐压值。这样，当基站100受到雷击时，可以先让第一高压泄放器件130开始工作，避免双重绝缘层承 受过高的电压而导致损坏，从而可以保证零火线121上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳110上，防止出现电击和麻电现象。例如，当双重绝缘层的耐压值为4900Vdc时，可将第一高压泄放器件130设置为其启动电压低于4900Vdc的压力值，例如，第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压可以为4243Vdc、4500Vdc、4800Vdc等合适的压力值，以保证第一高压泄放器件130在导通之前，瞬态高电压不会击穿双重绝缘层。
其中，本申请实施例中，电源模块122与金属外壳110之间的连接关系以及实现方式可以上述实施例，本申请实施例中不在赘述。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一高压泄放器件130的启动电压大于双重绝缘层在耐压测试时所受的最大压力值，其中，最大压力值为双重绝缘层的耐压要求值。具体的有益效果参考上述实施例中的叙述。
在一种可能的实现方式中，参见图13所示，电源模块122还包括防雷器170，该防雷器170和第一高压泄放器件130依次串联在零火线121与金属外壳110之间，例如，防雷器170的第一端与零火线121连接，防雷器170的第二端(即接地端172)与第一高压泄放器件130连接。
其中，防雷器170的详细介绍可以参考上述实施例中的描述，本申请实施例中不再赘述。
在一种可能的实现方式中，参见图13所示，电源模块122还包括金属内壳122，所述金属内壳122与所述金属外壳110连接(参见图3所示)，防雷器170和第一高压泄放器件130均设置在电源模块120内的金属内壳122内，第一高压泄放器件130的第二端连接在金属内壳122上。
其中，防雷器170、第一高压泄放器件130、金属内壳122、金属外壳110的配合关系以及其他设置可以参考上述实施例所述，本申请实施例中不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供的电源模块，通过在零线和火线(以下简称零火线)与金属外壳之间连接第一高压泄放器件，使得当金属外壳不接地或者接地不规范，且户外电子设备遭受雷击浪涌电压时，该雷击浪涌电压可预先激发第一高压泄放器件进行电压泄放，使得汇聚在零火线上的高浪涌电压可通过第一高压泄放器件先瞬态泄放至金属外壳上，继而经安装杆或者墙面等固定组件瞬态泄放至大地，从而将零火线上的电压稳定在双重绝缘层的耐压范围内，从而防止雷击浪涌瞬态电压对双重绝缘层造成损坏，保证零火线上的电流不会泄露至金属外壳上，进而避免接地不规范时出现电击和麻电风险。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或者两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
本申请实施例的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，包括金属外壳、电源模块以及第一高压泄放器件；
    所述金属外壳用于与固定组件固定，所述电源模块设置在所述金属外壳内；
    所述电源模块包括零线与火线，所述零线与所述金属外壳之间、所述火线与所述金属外壳之间均具有双重绝缘层，所述零线与所述火线均通过所述第一高压泄放器件与所述金属外壳连接，其中，所述双重绝缘层在耐压测试时所受的最大电压值小于所述第一高压泄放器件的启动电压，所述第一高压泄放器件的启动电压小于所述双重绝缘层的耐压值；
    所述双重绝缘层包括基本绝缘层和辅助绝缘层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述户外电子设备还包括安装件，所述金属外壳通过所述安装件固定在所述固定组件上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述安装件被配置成导电件。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述安装件外表面设置有绝缘层。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述户外电子设备还包括第二高压泄放器件；
    所述第二高压泄放器件设置在所述金属外壳的外部，所述金属外壳通过所述第二高压泄放器件与所述固定组件连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述第二高压泄放器件的启动电压小于所述第一高压泄放器件的启动电压。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述户外电子设备的安装件被配置成绝缘安装件，所述第二高压泄放器件的启动电压小于所述绝缘安装件的耐压值。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述安装件被配置成绝缘安装件；所述户外电子设备还包括第二高压泄放器件；
    所述第二高压泄放器件设置在所述金属外壳的外部，所述金属外壳通过所述第二高压泄放器件与所述固定组件连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述第二高压泄放器件的启动电压小于所述第一高压泄放器件的启动电压。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述第二高压泄放器件的启动电压小于所述绝缘安装件的耐压值。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述户外电子设备还包括本地接地线，所述本地接地线一端与所述金属外壳电连接，所述本地接地线另一端用于接地。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述户外电子设备还包括防雷器；
    所述防雷器的第一端与所述零线和所述火线连接，所述防雷器的第二端与所述第一高压泄放器件的第一端连接，所述第一高压泄放器件的第二端与所述金属外壳连接。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述户外电子设备还包括短接组件，所述短接组件包括短接件和绝缘片；
    所述短接件的一端与所述第一高压泄放器件的第一端连接，当所述本地接地线接地时，所述短接件的另一端与所述金属外壳连接；当所述本地接地线未接地时，所述绝缘片设置在所述短接件的另一端与所述金属外壳之间。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述短接件为导电弹片，所述导电弹片的一端与所述第一高压泄放器件的第一端连接，所述导电弹片的另一端可沿靠近或者远离所述金属外壳的方向活动。
  15. 根据权利要求8-14任一项所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述户外电子设备还包括电源接地线，所述电源接地线一端与所述金属外壳电连接，所述电源接地线另一端用于接地。
  16. 根据权利要求10-14任一项所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述户外电子设备还包括电源接地线；
    所述金属外壳与所述电源模块的金属内壳上形成有贯穿孔，所述电源接地线的一端穿过所述贯穿孔并与所述防雷器的第二端电连接，所述电源接地线另一端用于接地；
    所述电源接地线与所述贯穿孔的内壁间隔设置。
  17. 根据权利要求8所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述户外电子设备还包括防雷器；
    所述防雷器的第一端与所述零线和所述火线连接，所述防雷器的第二端与所述金属外壳连接，所述第一高压泄放器件设置在所述防雷器内，且所述第一高压泄放器件的第一端与所述防雷器内的气体放电管串联，所述第一高压泄放器件的第二端与所述防雷器的第二端连接。
  18. 根据权利要求10-14、16、17任一项所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述防雷器与所述金属外壳之间具有第二绝缘层，所述第一高压泄放器件与所述金属外壳之间具有第三绝缘层。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述第二绝缘层包括基本绝缘层，所述第三绝缘层包括基本绝缘层和附加绝缘层，所述附加绝缘层与所述基本绝缘层叠层设置。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述第二绝缘层包括功能绝缘层，所述第三绝缘层包括加强绝缘层。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20任一项所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一高压泄放器件和所述户外电子设备的第二高压泄放器件均包括气体放电管和石墨间隙浪涌保护器中的任意一种。
  22. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述户外电子设备包括防雷器，所述防雷器内的气体放电管被配置成所述第一高压泄放器件。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一高压泄放器件包括石墨间隙浪涌保护器。
  24. 根据权利要求9或22所述的具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一高压泄放器件与所述金属外壳之间具有第四绝缘层，所述第四绝缘层包括加强绝缘层。
  25. 一种电源模块，应用于户外电子设备，其特征在于，所述户外电子设备包括金属外壳以及所述电源模块；其中，所述电源模块位于所述金属外壳内；
    所述电源模块包括第一高压泄放器件，以及零线与火线；
    所述零线与所述金属外壳之间、所述火线与所述金属外壳之间均具有双重绝缘层，所述零线与所述火线均通过所述第一高压泄放器件与所述金属外壳连接，其中，所述第一高压泄放器件的启动电压小于所述双重绝缘层的耐压值。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的电源模块，其特征在于，所述第一高压泄放器件的启动电压大于所述双重绝缘层在耐压测试时所受的最大电压值，其中，所述最大电压值为所述双重绝缘层的耐压要求值。
  27. 根据权利要求25或26所述的电源模块，其特征在于，所述电源模块还包括防雷器；
    所述防雷器的第一端与所述零线和所述火线连接，所述防雷器的第二端与所述第一高压泄放器件的第一端连接，所述第一高压泄放器件的第二端与所述金属外壳连接。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的电源模块，其特征在于，所述电源模块还包括金属内壳，所述金属内壳与所述金属外壳连接，所述防雷器与所述第一高压泄放器件均设置在所述电源模块的金属内壳内，所述第一高压泄放器件的第二端连接在所述金属内壳上。
PCT/CN2021/076591 2021-02-10 2021-02-10 具有免接地防雷功能的户外电子设备和电源模块 WO2022170592A1 (zh)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05316184A (ja) * 1992-05-14 1993-11-26 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 内線機能付電話機の耐雷試験方法
CN101651275B (zh) * 2009-09-02 2011-06-29 中航光电科技股份有限公司 一种防雷电源连接器
CN206479859U (zh) * 2017-03-02 2017-09-08 黄志方 一种具有防雷功能的家禽孵化箱温控电路

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05316184A (ja) * 1992-05-14 1993-11-26 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 内線機能付電話機の耐雷試験方法
CN101651275B (zh) * 2009-09-02 2011-06-29 中航光电科技股份有限公司 一种防雷电源连接器
CN206479859U (zh) * 2017-03-02 2017-09-08 黄志方 一种具有防雷功能的家禽孵化箱温控电路

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