WO2022170371A1 - Appareil pour l'élevage d'organismes ou l'assainissement de liquides - Google Patents

Appareil pour l'élevage d'organismes ou l'assainissement de liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022170371A1
WO2022170371A1 PCT/ZA2021/050016 ZA2021050016W WO2022170371A1 WO 2022170371 A1 WO2022170371 A1 WO 2022170371A1 ZA 2021050016 W ZA2021050016 W ZA 2021050016W WO 2022170371 A1 WO2022170371 A1 WO 2022170371A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tray
trays
odd
liquid
rack
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ZA2021/050016
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Douglas
Original Assignee
Peter Douglas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Peter Douglas filed Critical Peter Douglas
Publication of WO2022170371A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022170371A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/04—Flat or tray type, drawers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/38—Caps; Covers; Plugs; Pouring means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/48—Holding appliances; Racks; Supports
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/04—Filters; Permeable or porous membranes or plates, e.g. dialysis

Definitions

  • THIS invention relates to an apparatus for organism rearing or liquid remediation. More specifically, the invention relates to a substantially vertically arranged: aquaculture or hydroponics apparatus for rearing animals, plants or other organisms; or remediation apparatus for separating contaminating constituents from polluted liquids such as sewerage water.
  • Microalgae are the fastest growing plant-type organisms on earth, grow in water, capable of doubling their biomass every 24 hours (in some cases) and nett consumers of cardon dioxide. As such, microalgae not only makes for a sustainable food supplement for human consumption, but also suitable for use as aquaculture feed, food colouring, food astaxanthin, palm oil substitution, biofuel and animal feed.
  • Photobioreactor methods are closed tubular flow path systems erected in vertical or horizontal configurations in a temperature and light controlled environment. Unfortunately, these methods are expensive, low yielding and difficult to clean and maintain.
  • open raceway pond cultivation methods are cheaper to build and yield higher production as compared to photobioreactor methods, they do still have their own disadvantages. The first is that they require vast tracks of land, that could be used for better purposes. The second is that their shallow ponds are typically located out in the open and consequentially exposed to unpredictable and uncontrollable environmental conditions (i.e. rain, not enough sunlight, contamination by other plant species). The third is large water usage due to evaporation losses. Vertical rearing and/or cultivating systems, specifically aimed at addressing land footprint, water usage and controlled growing concerns have become well known over the years.
  • an apparatus setup in this manner would not only be particularly suited to large scale microalgae production, but with a simple change-out of trays, also quickly adaptable to large scale rearing I cultivating of prawns, mussels, fish aquaculture and crops such as vegetable, fruit and other plant organisms. Furthermore, it would also be adaptable to applications relating to water remediation and the capturing of flue gases from industrial plants.
  • an apparatus including: a rack having opposed first and second tray support ends spaced from one another along an operative depth axis of the apparatus; a plurality of trays stackable on the rack one-over-the-other along an operative height axis on the apparatus, the trays: having opposing pivotal and displaceable tray ends each being moveably supportable at or near one of the respective first and second tray support ends of the rack; and being angularly displaceable relative to the rack between a non-flow inclination, wherein the tray ends of each respective tray are located at respective initial heights along the direction of the height axis being operatively above the level of a volume of liquid receivable in the tray thereby to retain such volume of liquid in the tray, and a flow inclination, wherein the displaceable end of each respective tray is displaced from its initial height to a displaced height to cause the liquid to move towards and spill over one of the tray ends, operatively acting as a spill over tray end, into a directly subjacent
  • the first tray support end of the rack may be made up of a pair of first supports spaced from one another in a direction along an operative width axis of the apparatus.
  • the second tray support end of the rack is made up of a pair of second supports spaced from one another in a direction along the width axis.
  • the pair of first supports is spaced from the pair of second supports in a direction along the depth axis.
  • the trays may be grouped into alternate odd and even trays, wherein each odd tray is synchronously displaceable with the other odd trays and each even tray is synchronously displaceable with the other even trays.
  • the pivot connections are grouped into: odd pivot connections for supporting the pivotal tray ends of the odd trays; and even pivot connections for supporting the pivotal tray ends of the even trays.
  • the displacement means are grouped into: odd displacement means for supporting the displaceable tray ends of the odd trays; and even displacement means for supporting the displaceable tray ends of the even trays.
  • the pivotal tray ends of the odd trays may be pivotally supportable across a corresponding pair of the odd pivot connections located on the first supports and the displaceable tray ends of the odd trays are moveably supportable on the odd displacement means located on the second supports.
  • the pivotal tray ends of the even trays may be pivotally supportable across a corresponding pair of the even pivot connections located on the second supports and the displaceable tray ends of the even trays are moveably supportable on the even displacement means located on the first supports.
  • the pivotal tray ends of the odd trays may be pivotally supportable across a corresponding pair of the odd pivot connections located on the first supports and the displaceable tray ends of the odd trays are moveably supportable on the odd displacement means located on the second supports.
  • the pivotal tray ends of the even trays are pivotally supportable across a corresponding pair of the even pivot connections located on the first supports and the displaceable tray ends of the even trays are moveably supportable on the even displacement means located on the second supports.
  • the odd pivot connections lie on an odd pivot plane on or parallel to the width axis and the even pivot connections lie on an even pivot plane on or parallel to the width axis, and further wherein the odd and the even pivot planes are offset from one another in a direction along the depth axis such that the tray ends of directly super- and/or subjacent trays are staggered to operatively enable capture of liquid, flowing over the spill over tray end of a superjacent tray, by a spill catch tray end of the subjacent tray.
  • one tray end of the superjacent tray extends beyond the respective tray end of the subjacent tray while the opposite tray end of the superjacent tray ends short of the respective opposite tray end of the subjacent tray such that the superjacent tray end, ending short of the tray end of the subjacent tray, acts as the spill over tray end.
  • the odd displacement means are axially movable in a direction along the height axis on an odd displacement plane on or parallel to the width axis and the even displacement means are axially movable in a direction along the height axis on an even displacement plane on or parallel to the width axis, and further wherein the odd and the even displacement planes are offset from one another in a direction along the depth axis.
  • the displacement means is made up of: an odd displacement frame axially movably along a pair of odd displacement tracks located on either of the first or the second supports of the rack; an even displacement frame axially movably along a pair of even displacement tracks located on: the other of the first or the second supports of the rack; or the same first or second support of the rack on which the odd displacement tracks are located; and one or more displacement drivers for driving movement of the odd and the even displacement frames between respective raised and lowered conditions.
  • the odd displacement and the even displacement tracks are substantially U-shaped, with the respective displacement frames slidable therein.
  • the one or more displacement drivers may be of various types, inclusive of mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically driven: chain and cog, cord and pulley, geared, actuator and/or threaded shaft transmission arrangements; or conventional lifting and lowering devices such as jacks and overhead cranes.
  • each of the displacement frames have a ladder-like structure made up of a pair of opposing side columns and a plurality of crossbeams extending therebetween, the displaceable tray ends of the trays being supportable on and consequentially displaceable by the displacement frames.
  • the ladder-like structure of the displacement frames is made up of a plurality of connected H-shaped frames such that the displacement frames are modular and accordingly easier to transport and erect.
  • vertical legs of the H-shaped frames are connectible to one another by side column connectors.
  • the apparatus includes a plurality of light sources directed towards an inside of the trays.
  • the light sources are locatable on a bottom side of one or more of the trays.
  • the bottom of the trays are at least partially translucent such that the light from the light sources locatable thereon is directed operatively upwardly through the translucent bottom and inside the respective tray.
  • the light sources are mounted on a light source support body being releasably engageable with the bottom side of each of the trays (i.e. slideable in and out).
  • the light sources are grow lights in the form of fluorescent, High- pressure sodium (HPS) or LED grow lights.
  • HPS High- pressure sodium
  • the operative spill over tray end thereof is raised beyond the height of the remaining portion of the peripheral rim thereby to better guide liquid spill there over; and/or the operative spill catch tray end thereof is raised beyond the height of the remaining portion of the peripheral rim thereby to better capture liquid spill over.
  • the trays are quadrangular in shape having a major dimension in a direction of the depth axis, a minor dimension in a direction of the width axis and a height dimension (as measured between the bottom side and a lowermost portion of the rim of the tray) in a direction of the height axis.
  • the trays preferably have a major dimension of about 3 metres, a minor dimension of about 2 metres and a height dimension of about 8 to 10 centimetres (or scaled proportionately).
  • the trays are supportable on the rack on respective tray support frames onto which the trays are insertable and removable, the tray support frames being pivotally connected to the rack by the pivot connections at or near one end and supported on the displacement means at or near an opposite end.
  • each of the tray support frames are made up of at least a pair of side supports supported at primary ends on the crossbeam of the respective displacement frame and connected at or near secondary ends by a cross-brace member, the cross-brace member extending laterally beyond the side supports to engage the respective pivot connections.
  • the pivot connections may be bearing or bush mounted pivot connections.
  • each of the pivot connections are rotatable discs receivable within corresponding shaped and sized cut-outs defined in the first and the second supports, the rotatable discs being rotatably captured within the cut-outs between opposing annular mounting plates.
  • the rotatable discs define mounting cut-outs sized and shaped to receive and pivotally support those ends of the cross-brace members extending laterally beyond the side supports of the respective tray support frame.
  • the side supports comprise one or more of the following: a substantially L-shaped cross-section; a plurality of rollers on which the trays are operatively moveable along; and a locking formation for releasably locking the trays on the respective tray support frame.
  • the apparatus further includes: a basin subjacent the lowermost tray for collecting the liquid therein; primary piping extending between the basin and one or more of the trays there above through which the liquid is operatively circulated from the basin to the respective tray; and one or more liquid flow pumps for raising the liquid via the primary piping from the basin to the respective tray.
  • the basin comprises an upper collection surface, a lower collection surface and a plurality of perforated catchers extending therebetween, the catchers being configured to operatively catch and separate out solids or coarser matter from the liquid while allowing the liquid to pass therethrough towards an inlet end of the primary piping, located between the upper and the lower collection surfaces of the basin, for circulation towards an outlet end of the primary piping, located at or near the uppermost tray.
  • the catchers are in the form of sieves having perforations being large enough to allow liquid to flow therethrough while being small enough to prevent the microalgae to pass therethrough.
  • the catchers may be interchangeable in the basin to adapt to the required application of the apparatus.
  • the upper collection surface of the basin may define inlet apertures for directing liquid flow into each of the catchers, with the lower collection surface generally defining outlet apertures for directing captured matter, being the solids or coarser matter operatively captured in the catchers, outwardly therefrom into secondary piping connected to or located near a bottom side of the basin.
  • the basin further comprising: an upper cover moveable relative to the upper collection surface between an open condition, wherein the inlet apertures into the catchers are open thereby to operatively enable liquid flow into the catchers, and a closed condition, wherein the inlet apertures are closed by the upper cover thereby to operatively prevent liquid flow into the catchers; and a lower cover moveable relative to the lower collection surface between an open condition, wherein the outlet apertures into the secondary piping are open thereby to operatively enable the captured matter to flow into the secondary piping, and a closed condition, wherein the outlet apertures are closed by the upper cover thereby to operatively prevent captured matter flow into the secondary piping.
  • the upper cover defines upper cover apertures and is slidably movable relative to the upper collection surface between the open condition, wherein the upper cover apertures are aligned with the inlet apertures to enable liquid flow into the catchers, and the closed condition, wherein the upper cover apertures are misaligned with the inlet apertures such that the inlet apertures are covered and consequentially closed to liquid flow by remaining portions of the upper cover.
  • the lower cover defines lower cover apertures and is slidably movable relative to the lower collection surface between the open condition, wherein the lower cover apertures are aligned with the outlet apertures to enable captured matter flow into the secondary piping, and the closed condition, wherein the lower cover apertures are misaligned with the outlet apertures such that the outlet apertures are covered and consequentially closed to captured matter flow by remaining portions of the lower cover.
  • the upper and the lower covers are movable with respect to the basin between a primary flow configuration, wherein the upper cover is in the open condition and the lower cover is in the closed condition to enable liquid flow through the primary piping, and a secondary flow configuration, wherein the upper cover is in the closed condition and the lower cover is in the open condition to enable captured matter flow through the secondary piping.
  • the upper collection surface of the basin defines one or more bypass apertures located near the outlet flow end thereof for directing the liquid, operatively bypassing the inlet apertures by the upper cover, towards the inlet end of the primary piping.
  • the basin includes one or more of the following: sensors for operatively measuring the temperature and/or the pH of the liquid; heating elements and/or heat exchangers for operatively heating and/or cooling the liquid; and dispensers for dispensing into the liquid a measured dosage of one or more substances.
  • the apparatus may further comprise one or more bubble generators for operatively bubbling the liquid in the bason.
  • the bubble generator may be located in the basin or in inlet piping leading into the basin.
  • the bubble generators are ultra-fine bubble or nanobubble generators.
  • the apparatus includes a controller for controlling one or more of the following: the displacement drivers for displacing the trays; actuators for moving the upper and the lower covers between their respective open and closed conditions; the heating elements and/or heat exchangers; the liquid flow pumps and one or more captured matter flow pumps; the bubble generators; and the dispensers; based on inputs receivable by the controller from a timer and/or from the sensors.
  • a plurality of apparatuses as herein before described are housed in a greenhouse structure. Most preferably, there are four rows each containing six apparatuses.
  • an apparatus including: a rack having opposed first and second tray support ends spaced from one another along an operative depth axis of the apparatus; a plurality of trays stackable on the rack one-over-the-other along an operative height axis on the apparatus; means for configuring the trays between a non-flow configuration, to retain a volume of liquid in the tray, and a flow configuration, to cause the liquid to flow between one of the trays into a directly subjacent tray or tray-like structure thereby to promote flow from one tray to the next; a basin subjacent a lowermost tray for collecting the liquid therein; primary piping extending between the basin and one or more of the trays there above through which the liquid is operatively circulated from the basin to the respective tray; and one or more liquid flow pumps for raising the liquid via the primary piping from the basin to the respective tray; characterised in that the basin comprises: an upper collection surface, a lower collection surface and a plurality of perforated catchers extending there
  • the upper collection surface of the basin defines inlet apertures for directing liquid flow into each of the catchers and the lower collection surface defines outlet apertures for directing captured matter flow from the catchers into secondary piping connected to or located near a bottom side of the basin.
  • the basin further comprising: an upper cover moveable relative to the upper collection surface between an open condition, wherein the inlet apertures into the catchers are open thereby to operatively enable liquid flow into the catchers, and a closed condition, wherein the inlet apertures are closed by the upper cover thereby to operatively prevent liquid flow into the catchers; and a lower cover moveable relative to the lower collection surface between an open condition, wherein the outlet apertures into the secondary piping are open thereby to operatively enable captured matter flow into the secondary piping, and a closed condition, wherein the outlet apertures are closed by the upper cover thereby to operatively prevent captured matter flow into the secondary piping.
  • the upper cover defines upper cover apertures and is slidably movable relative to the upper collection surface between the open condition, wherein the upper cover apertures are aligned with the inlet apertures to enable liquid flow into the catchers, and the closed condition, wherein the upper cover apertures are misaligned with the inlet apertures such that the inlet apertures are covered and consequentially closed to liquid flow by remaining portions of the upper cover.
  • the lower cover defines lower cover apertures and is slidably movable relative to the lower collection surface between the open condition, wherein the lower cover apertures are aligned with the outlet apertures to enable captured matter flow into the secondary piping, and the closed condition, wherein the lower cover apertures are misaligned with the outlet apertures such that the outlet apertures are covered and consequentially closed to captured matter flow by remaining portions of the lower cover.
  • the upper and the lower covers are movable with respect to the basin between a primary flow configuration, wherein the upper cover is in the open condition and the lower cover is in the closed condition to enable liquid flow through the primary piping, and a secondary flow configuration, wherein the upper cover is in the closed condition and the lower cover is in the open condition to enable captured matter flow through the secondary piping.
  • the upper collection surface of the basin may define one or more bypass apertures located near the outlet flow end thereof for directing the liquid, operatively bypassing the inlet apertures by the upper cover, towards the inlet end of the primary piping.
  • the basin may include one or more of the following: sensors for operatively measuring the temperature and/or the pH of the liquid; heating elements and/or heat exchangers for operatively heating and/or cooling the liquid; and dispensers for dispensing into the liquid a measured dosage of one or more substances.
  • the apparatus may further comprise one or more bubble generators for operatively bubbling the liquid in the bason.
  • the bubble generator may be located in the basin or in inlet piping leading into the basin.
  • the bubble generators are ultra-fine bubble or nanobubble generators.
  • the apparatus includes a controller for controlling one or more of the following: the displacement drivers for displacing the trays; actuators for moving the upper and the lower covers between their respective open and closed conditions; the heating elements and/or heat exchangers; the liquid flow pumps and one or more captured matter flow pumps; the bubble generators; and the dispensers; based on inputs receivable by the controller from a timer and/or from the sensors.
  • a plurality of apparatuses as herein before described are housed in a greenhouse structure. Most preferably, there are four rows each containing six apparatuses.
  • flue gases may be piped to the bubble generators thereby to operatively deliver carbon dioxide in the flue gases as nanobubbles to the liquid in the basin for enhanced algae growth.
  • Figure 1 is a first perspective view of a first embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a second perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 & 4 are first and second zoomed-in detailed views of specific portions of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 5 & 6 are perspective views of displacement means of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;
  • Figures 7-9 are third, fourth and fifth zoomed-in detailed views of specific portions of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 10 is a first perspective view of a second embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention, showing trays thereof relative to a rack into which they are slidably insertable or removable;
  • Figure 11A is a second perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 10 with the trays and rack removed therefrom to more clear depict a basin of the apparatus, illustrated with an upper cover thereof a transitional condition between respect open and closed conditions;
  • Figure 11 B is a third perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 10 with the trays and rack removed therefrom, depicting the upper cover of the basin in the open condition
  • Figure 11C is a fourth perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 10 with the trays and rack removed therefrom, depicting the upper cover of the basin in the closed condition;
  • Figure 12A is a first end view of the apparatus of Figure 10, depicting a lower cover of the basin in a closed condition;
  • Figure 12B is a second end view of the apparatus of Figure 10, depicting the lower cover in an open condition
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of a plurality of apparatuses of Figure 1 .
  • An apparatus for organism rearing or liquid remediation is designated generally in the accompanying Figures by reference numeral 10.
  • the apparatus 10 will be described with respect to one of the main applications of the apparatus, being the production of microalgae.
  • the apparatus 10 includes a rack 12, a plurality of trays 40 stacked one-over-the-other relative to one another along an operative height axis “H” and a basin 60 operatively located subjacent the lowermost tray 40.
  • the rack 12 comprises a pair of first supports 14, 16 and a pair of second supports 18, 20, with: the first pair and the second pair of supports 14, 16; 18, 20 being spaced apart from one another in a direction along an operative depth axis “D”; the first supports 14, 16 being located at a first tray support end 22 of the rack 12 and spaced from one another in a direction along an operative width axis “W”; and the second supports 18, 20 being located at a second tray support end 24 of the rack 12 and spaced from one another also in a direction along the operative width axis “W”.
  • Each of the trays 40 are quadrangular in shape, having a bottom side 42, opposing pivotal and displaceable tray ends 44, 46, opposing lateral sides 48, 50 and a peripheral rim 52 extending operatively upwardly from such bottom side 42.
  • each of the trays preferably have a depth dimension of about 3 metres, a width dimension of about 2 metres and a height dimension (as measured between the bottom side 42 and a lowermost portion of the rim 44 of the tray 40) of about 8 to 10 centimetres. It will of course be appreciated that the tray dimensions may be customised to intended purpose of the apparatus 10.
  • each of the trays 40 are pivotally supported between the first supports 14, 16 on pivot connections 26 located there along.
  • the displaceable tray ends 46 of the trays 40 are moveably supported on displacement means 30, located between the second supports 18, 20 and along which the displacement means 30 are axially movable relative to the rack 12 in a direction along the operative height axis “H”.
  • the trays 40 are angularly displaceable relative to the rack 12 between a non-flow inclination and a flow inclination.
  • the displaceable tray ends 46 of each respective tray 40 are located at respective initial heights along the direction of the height axis “H”, being operatively above a liquid water level of a volume of liquid receivable therein, thereby to retain such volume of liquid in the tray 40. It will be appreciated that in the non-flow inclination, the slope of the inclination of the trays 40 is substantially the same.
  • the displaceable tray ends 46 of each of the trays 40 is displaced from its initial height to a displaced height by the displacement means 30 to cause the liquid to move towards and spill over one of the tray ends 44, 46, operatively acting as a spill over tray end, into a directly subjacent tray or tray-like structure, such as the basin 60, thereby to promote flow from one tray to the next.
  • the slope of inclination of: (i) directly super- or subjacent trays is opposite one another; and (ii) alternate trays is substantially the same; such that the displaceable tray ends 46 of directly super- and/or subjacent trays 46 are moveable further away from and/or closer towards one another to promote a zigzagging, cascading flow through the trays 40.
  • the trays 40 are grouped into alternate odd and even trays 40A, 40B, wherein each odd tray 40A is synchronously displaceable with the other odd trays 40A and each even tray 40B is synchronously displaceable with the other even trays 40B.
  • the pivot connections are equally grouped into: odd pivot connections 26A for supporting the pivotal tray ends 44 of the odd trays 40A; and even pivot connections 26B for supporting the pivotal tray ends 44 of the even trays 40B.
  • odd pivot connections 26A lie on an odd pivot plane “OPP” while the even pivot connections 26B lie on an even pivot plane “EPP”, with the odd and the even pivot planes OPP, EPP lying parallel with the width axis and being offset from one another in a direction along the depth axis “D” such that the pivotal tray ends 44 of directly super- and/or subjacent trays 40 are staggered.
  • the pivotal tray end 44 of the second tray 40B extends beyond the pivotal tray end 44 of the superjacent first tray 40A (in a direction long the depth axis “D”), while the displaceable tray end 46 of second tray 40B ends short of the displaceable tray end 46 of the subjacent third tray 40A (again, in a direction long the depth axis “D”).
  • the displaceable tray end 46 of the second tray 40B acts as an even spill over tray end “ESO”
  • the pivotal tray end 44 of such second tray 40B (as well as the pivotal tray ends 44 of the fourth, sixth and eighth trays) operatively captures liquid spilling from the odd spill over tray end “OSO” thereby to act as an even spill catch tray end “ESC”.
  • the pivotal tray ends 44 of the first and the third trays 40A act as odd spill over tray ends “OSO”
  • the displaceable tray end 46 of the third tray 40A act as an odd spill catch tray end “OSC”.
  • peripheral rim 52 at the opposing pivotal and displaceable ends 44, 46 are raised beyond the height of the remaining portion of the peripheral rim.
  • displacement means are also grouped into: odd displacement means 30A for supporting the displaceable tray ends 46 of the odd trays 40A; and even displacement means 30B for supporting the displaceable tray ends 46 of the even trays 40B.
  • the odd displacement means 30A is axially movable along an odd displacement plane “ODP” while the even displacement means 30B is axially movable along an even displacement plane “EDP”, with the odd and the even displacement planes ODP, EDP lying parallel with the width axis “W” and being offset from one another in a direction along the depth axis “D”.
  • each of the odd and the even displacement means 30A, 30B are respective odd and even ladder-like configured displacement frames, axially moveable relative to the rack 12 between respective raised and lowered conditions by one more displacement drivers and although not shown, may be of various types, inclusive of mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically driven: chain and cog, cord and pulley, geared, actuator and/or threaded shaft transmission arrangements; or conventional lifting and lowering devices such as jacks and overhead cranes.
  • the ladder-like structure of the displacement frames 30A, 30B is made up of a pair of opposing side columns 32, 34 and a plurality of crossbeams 36 extending therebetween, on which crossbeams 36 the displaceable tray ends 46 of the trays 40 are supportable on and consequentially displaceable relative to the rack 12 between the non-flow and flow inclinations.
  • each of the displacement frames 30A, 30B maybe modular, made up of a plurality of H-shaped frames connected to one another by side column connectors.
  • the odd displacement frame 30A is axially slidable relative to the rack 12 along a pair of odd displacement tracks 28A located along the second supports 18, 20, while the even displacement frame 30B is axially slidable relative to the rack 12 along a pair of even displacement tracks 28B, also located along the second supports 18, 20.
  • tracks 28A, 28B have been illustrated in the accompanying figures as U- shaped channels, it will be appreciated that they may instead be configured differently, for example, as track slots defined in each of the second supports 18, 20.
  • each of the trays 40 are fitted with one or more light sources 54 located on an under surface of the bottom side 42 of the tray 40.
  • At least the bottom side 42 of each of the trays (although preferably each tray as a whole) is made from a translucent material (i.e. polycarbonate) such that the light from the light sources 54 is capable of passing through such translucent material into an inside of the tray (i.e. for photosynthesis).
  • the light sources are preferably grow lights (i.e. fluorescent, High-pressure sodium (HPS) or LED grow lights) mounted on a light source support body (not shown) being releasably engageable with the bottom side 42 of each of the trays 40.
  • grow lights i.e. fluorescent, High-pressure sodium (HPS) or LED grow lights
  • each of the tray support frames 70 are made up of at least a pair of L-shaped side supports 72, 74 supported at primary ends on the crossbeam 36 of the respective displacement frame 30A, 30B and connected at or near secondary ends by a cross-brace member 76.
  • the cross-brace member 76 extends laterally beyond the side supports 72, 74, in a direction along the width axis “W”, to engage the respective pivot connections 26A, 26B on which the tray support frames 70 are pivotally supported.
  • each of the pivot connections 26A, 26B are rotatable discs 80 receivable within corresponding shaped and sized cut-outs (not shown) defined in the first and the second supports, the rotatable discs being rotatably captured within the cut-outs between opposing annular mounting plates 82, 84.
  • the rotatable discs 80 define mounting cut-outs 86 sized and shaped to receive and pivotally support those ends of the cross-brace members 76 extending laterally beyond the side supports 72, 74 of the respective tray support frame 70.
  • the side supports 72, 74 of the tray support frames 70 each comprise spaced there along a plurality of respective lateral and under rollers 78, 79 on which the trays 40 are more easily operatively moveable along, and locking formations (not shown) for releasably locking the trays 40 thereon.
  • the apparatus 10 further includes primary piping 90 extending between the basin 60, located subjacent the lowermost tray 40, and the uppermost tray 40 through which the liquid is operatively circulated from the basin 60 to such uppermost tray 40 by a liquid flow pump 92.
  • the basin 60 comprises an upper collection surface 61 , a lower collection surface 62 and a plurality of perforated catchers 100 extending therebetween.
  • the catchers 100 are configured to operatively catch and separate out solids or coarser matter from the liquid while allowing the liquid to pass therethrough.
  • the liquid, operatively having passed through the catchers 100 is directed by the slope of the lower collection surface 62 towards an inlet end 94 of the primary piping 90, located between the upper and the lower collection surfaces 61 , 62 of the basin 60, pressurised by the pump 92 and directed upwardly through the primary piping 90 and outwardly via an outlet end 96 in the uppermost tray 40.
  • the upper collection surface 61 of the basin 60 defines inlet apertures 63 for directing liquid flow into each of the catchers 100.
  • the lower collection surface 62 defines outlet apertures 64 for directing captured matter, being the solids or coarser matter operatively captured in the catchers 100, outwardly therefrom into secondary piping 110 connected to or located near a bottom side 65 of the basin 60.
  • Both the upper and the lower collection surfaces 61 , 62 slope downwardly towards an outlet flow end 66 of the basin 60 to which the inlet end 94 of the primary piping 90 is connected.
  • the basin 60 further comprising an upper cover 120, defining a plurality of upper cover apertures 122, and a lower cover 130, defining a plurality of lower cover apertures 132.
  • the upper cover 120 is slidably moveable relative to the upper collection surface 61 between an open condition and a closed condition.
  • the upper cover apertures 122 of the upper cover 120 are aligned with the inlet apertures 63 of the basin 60 thereby to open such inlet apertures 63 and operatively enable liquid flow into the catchers 100.
  • the upper cover apertures 122 of the upper cover 120 are misaligned with the inlet apertures 63 of the basin 60 thereby to close such inlet apertures 63 and operatively prevent liquid flow into the catchers 100.
  • the lower cover 130 is slidably moveable relative to the lower collection surface 62 between an open condition and a closed condition.
  • the lower cover apertures 132 of the lower cover 130 are aligned with the outlet apertures 64 of the basin 60 thereby to open such outlet apertures 64 and operatively enable captured matter to flow from the catchers 100 into the secondary piping 110.
  • the lower cover apertures 132 of the lower cover 130 are misaligned with the outlet apertures 64 of the basin 60 thereby to close such outlet apertures 64 and operatively prevent captured matter to flow into the secondary piping 110.
  • the upper and the lower covers 120, 130 are movable with respect to the basin 60 between a primary flow configuration and a secondary flow configuration.
  • the upper cover 120 is in the open condition and the lower cover 130 is in the closed condition to enable liquid flow circulation between the trays 40 and the basin 60 via the primary piping 90.
  • the upper cover 120 is in the closed condition and the lower cover 130 is in the open condition to enable captured matter to flow through the secondary piping 110.
  • the upper collection surface 61 of the basin 60 defines one or more bypass apertures 67 located near the outlet flow end 66 thereof for directing the liquid, operatively bypassing the inlet apertures closed by the upper cover 120 towards the inlet end 94 of the primary piping 90.
  • the basin 60 is a control basin largely controlling the operation of the apparatus 10.
  • the basin 60 includes (although not shown) one or more sensors for operatively measuring the temperature and/or the pH of the liquid, heat exchangers for cooling the liquid and dispensers for dispensing into the liquid a measured dosage of one or more substances (i.e. nutrients, chemicals, feed, etc.).
  • the apparatus 10 further includes one or more bubble generators (specifically nanobubble generators for releasing gases such as carbon dioxide or oxygen as required by the specific application) for operatively bubbling the liquid.
  • the bubble generators may be located in the basin 60 or in inlet piping leading into the basin.
  • the basin 60 further includes one or more heating elements 140 for heating the liquid and a controller (not shown) for controlling: the displacement drivers for displacing the trays; actuators for moving the upper and the lower covers 120, 120 between their respective open and closed conditions; the heating elements and/or heat exchangers; the liquid flow pumps and one or more captured matter flow pumps; the bubble generators (either in the basin 60 or in inlet piping leading thereinto); and the dispensers; based on inputs receivable by the controller from a timer and/or from the sensors.
  • a plurality of apparatuses 10 are housed in a greenhouse structure as illustrated in Figure 13. Most preferably, there are four rows each containing six apparatuses.
  • the main advantage of the apparatuses 10 is to precise control of cultivation, growth, harvesting or remediation without the uncertainties of being subject to weather conditions or other influences.
  • the apparatuses 10, configured as a multi-functional greenhouse, seeks to improve the sustainability of agricultural and aquaculture production and improve water remediation in a more sustainable manner thus making water available to a larger population.
  • the trays 40 are customisable to the application of the apparatus 10 (i.e. type of organism being reared I cultivated or a remediation process). Accordingly, the multifunctional greenhouse made up of a plurality of apparatuses 10 can be customised to a particular application merely by changing out the trays 40.
  • each multi-functional greenhouse contains up to 24 apparatuses 10, with the scale of cultivation being capable of increase by increasing the number of greenhouses thereby to create “farms” of greenhouses. It is envisaged further that a roof of the multi-functional greenhouse may be outfitted with photovoltaic panels to generate the electricity required for the operation of the apparatuses and greenhouses as a whole.
  • liquid in the form of water is introduced to the apparatus 10.
  • the trays 40 are displaceable relative to the rack 12 between the non-flow and the flow inclinations to cycle the apparatus between respective grow and agitation cycles while the basin 60 is in its primary flow configuration.
  • the basin 60 is moved to its secondary flow configuration while the apparatus remains in its agitation cycle. In this manner, the water continues to circulate through the bypass apertures 67 of the basin 60, through the primary piping 90 and back to the uppermost tray 40.
  • the microalgae captured matter inside of the catchers 100 flows outwardly therefrom via the open outlet apertures 64 and into the secondary piping 110 for harvesting.
  • prawns can initially be reared in nurseries and when attaining the required age and size, introduced into purpose-built prawn rearing trays 40 including dividers to divide the internal structure of each tray into compartments for containing differently aged and sized prawns so as to reduce cannibalism.
  • prawns grow in their independent trays.
  • nutrients, food i.e. microalgae
  • oxygenating nano-bubbles are introducible into the water, while at the same time capturing in the catchers 100 captured matter in the form of prawn waste and unconsumed food, thereby to continuously clean the water.
  • the basin 60 is moved to its secondary flow configuration while the apparatus remains in its agitation cycle. In this manner, the water continues to circulate through the bypass apertures 67 of the basin 60, through the primary piping 90 and back to the uppermost tray 40.
  • the captured matter inside of the catchers 100 flows outwardly therefrom via the open outlet apertures 64 and into the secondary piping 110 for dumping or for secondary processing to manufacture other products, i.e. fertilisers.
  • the fully grown prawns are then harvested directly from the trays.
  • purpose-built mussel rearing trays 40 include multiple lengths of cord, for example, 10 lengths of cord running in a direction along the depth axis “D”, which will consequentially provide a total of 33 metres of cultivation cord per tray. It will be appreciated then that the total length of cultivation cord is scalable by increasing the number of trays 40 per apparatus, the number of apparatuses per greenhouse and the number of greenhouses per farm.
  • mussels grow in their independent trays.
  • nutrients, food and oxygenating nano-bubbles are introducible into the water, while at the same time capturing in the catchers 100 captured matter in the form of mussel waste and unconsumed food, thereby to continuously clean the water.
  • the basin 60 is moved to its secondary flow configuration while the apparatus remains in its agitation cycle. In this manner, the water continues to circulate through the bypass apertures 67 of the basin 60, through the primary piping 90 and back to the uppermost tray 40.
  • the captured matter inside of the catchers 100 flows outwardly therefrom via the open outlet apertures 64 and into the secondary piping 110 for dumping or for secondary processing to manufacture other products.
  • the fully grown mussels are then harvested directly from the trays.
  • purpose-built fish rearing trays 40 may have a depth of about 0.75 to 1 metre.
  • the fish can initially be reared in nurseries and when attaining the required age and size, introduced into the trays 40, which may include dividers to divide the internal structure of each tray into compartments for containing differently aged and sized fish, or fish of different species.
  • the fish grow in their independent trays while carefully monitoring and controlling water temperature and water pH levels.
  • nutrients, food i.e. microalgae
  • oxygenating nano-bubbles are introducible into the water, while at the same time capturing in the catchers 100 captured matter in the form of fish waste and unconsumed food, thereby to continuously clean the water.
  • the basin 60 is moved to its secondary flow configuration while the apparatus remains in its agitation cycle. In this manner, the water continues to circulate through the bypass apertures 67 of the basin 60, through the primary piping 90 and back to the uppermost tray 40.
  • the captured matter inside of the catchers 100 flows outwardly therefrom via the open outlet apertures 64 and into the secondary piping 110 for dumping or for secondary processing to manufacture other products, i.e. fertilisers.
  • the fully grown fish are then harvested directly from the trays.
  • carbon-rich material may be added in the basin 60 to allow bio floc bacteria to convert the waste in the trays to protein for the prawns, mussels or fish.
  • the trays 40 comprise plant holding substrates on which the plants grow, with the substrates defining apertures therein to enable plant root contact with the nutrient and oxygen infused water flowing through the trays.
  • the apparatus 10 will cycle through non-flow and flow cycles with contaminating constituents being removable from the water by at least the catchers.
  • the greenhouse for water remediation applications comprises a dual-apparatus process where the first apparatus provides aeration and the second apparatus provides disinfection and filtration. Removal of larger constituents from the water by using bar screens will take place prior to the waste-water entering the first apparatus.
  • the catchers provide primary separation of contaminating constituents from the waste-water.
  • the basin 60 moves to its secondary flow configuration thereby to purge the contaminating constituents from the catchers via the secondary piping for dumping or secondary processing.
  • the waste-water passing through the catchers is oxygenated by the nanobubble generators and treated with bacteria to breakdown the contaminating constituents therein.
  • the apparatus moves to a non-flow cycle, where the waste-water captured in each of the tray is provided sufficient time for the bacteria therein to remediate the wastewater.
  • Sensors in the trays monitor the amount of oxygen, ammonia and nitrate therein, and send such information to the controller. Once the water quality is sufficiently improved, the first apparatus is set back to the flow cycle to allow the water to flow down such apparatus and onto the second apparatus for disinfection. The waste-water flows into the basin 60 of the second apparatus and through the filters in the catchers where finer particulates are filtered out.
  • the waste-water After passing through the filters and catchers, the waste-water is ozone treated by the nanobubble generators of the second apparatus. Ozone being an extremely effective disinfectant that disinfects the water.
  • the waste-water is then pumped up to the uppermost tray to flow down through all the trays.
  • the second apparatus is then moved to its non-flow cycle, where the waste-water captured in each of the tray is provided sufficient time for the ozone therein to disinfect the waste-water.
  • the second apparatus is returned to its flow cycle, and the water is pumped out of the second apparatus.
  • a typical waste-water treatment plant takes approximately 12 hours to process wastewater. It is envisaged that the apparatus of the present invention will significantly reduce processing time, possibly by up to between 80 and 85%.
  • the flue gases are captured from the industrial processes and piped to the nanobubble generators situated in the vicinity of the greenhouses.
  • the nanobubbles generators reduces the captured flue gases containing carbon dioxide to ultra-fine bubbles and via the connected piping insert the bubbles into the basin of the greenhouse.
  • the carbon dioxide is absorbed by the algae and follows the process of algae growth previously described.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil d'aquaculture ou d'hydroponie (10) disposé sensiblement verticalement pour élever des animaux, des plantes ou d'autres organismes ; ou un appareil d'assainissement pour séparer les constituants contaminants de liquides pollués tels que les eaux résiduelles. L'appareil (10) comprend un rack (12) et une pluralité de plateaux (40) empilables sur le rack (12), chacun des plateaux (40) ayant des extrémités de plateau (44) opposées, pivotantes et déplaçables. Les plateaux (40) peuvent être déplacés angulairement par rapport au rack (12) entre des inclinaisons de non-écoulement et d'écoulement par des moyens de déplacement (30) agissant sur les extrémités de plateau déplaçables afin de faire en sorte que le liquide se déverse sur une extrémité de plateau de déversement des plateaux (40) dans l'inclinaison d'écoulement.
PCT/ZA2021/050016 2021-02-03 2021-03-15 Appareil pour l'élevage d'organismes ou l'assainissement de liquides WO2022170371A1 (fr)

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WO2024113007A1 (fr) * 2022-11-28 2024-06-06 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Système et procédé de production de molécules

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KR20130116396A (ko) * 2012-03-07 2013-10-24 부경대학교 산학협력단 외부광원을 갖는 광반응기
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LU102994B1 (en) * 2022-08-17 2024-02-19 A Healthier Earth Ltd Cultivating aquatic organisms, such as algae, in particular to support the conversion of co2 into biomass
WO2024038269A1 (fr) * 2022-08-17 2024-02-22 A Healthier Earth Limited Culture d'organismes aquatiques, ainsi que d'algues, en particulier pour favoriser la conversion du co2 en biomasse

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