WO2022170307A1 - Systèmes d'amortissement de sol et de paroi à couche contrainte utilisant des panneaux de ciment renforcés à haute densité - Google Patents

Systèmes d'amortissement de sol et de paroi à couche contrainte utilisant des panneaux de ciment renforcés à haute densité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022170307A1
WO2022170307A1 PCT/US2022/070433 US2022070433W WO2022170307A1 WO 2022170307 A1 WO2022170307 A1 WO 2022170307A1 US 2022070433 W US2022070433 W US 2022070433W WO 2022170307 A1 WO2022170307 A1 WO 2022170307A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
panel
dampening material
fiber
dense
reinforced cement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2022/070433
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Pospisil
Andrew Schmidt
Original Assignee
United States Gypsum Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/455,166 external-priority patent/US20220251828A1/en
Application filed by United States Gypsum Company filed Critical United States Gypsum Company
Priority to MX2023008078A priority Critical patent/MX2023008078A/es
Priority to CA3206222A priority patent/CA3206222A1/fr
Publication of WO2022170307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022170307A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7453—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with panels and support posts, extending from floor to ceiling
    • E04B2/7457—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with panels and support posts, extending from floor to ceiling with wallboards attached to the outer faces of the posts, parallel to the partition
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2002/7461—Details of connection of sheet panels to frame or posts
    • E04B2002/7472—Details of connection of sheet panels to frame or posts using adhesives

Definitions

  • the present invention is generally related to wall systems used in both interior and exterior construction, and more particularly to such wall systems designed for improving the acoustic characteristics of structures.
  • wall systems will be understood to refer to floor, roof and ceiling construction as well as walls.
  • Soundproof or sound- reduced (collectively referred to as soundproofing below) rooms or buildings are desired for a variety of purposes. For example, apartments, hotels and schools all often desire rooms with walls, ceilings and floors that significantly reduce the transmission of generated sound to avoid annoying people in adjacent rooms.
  • Soundproofing is particularly important in buildings adjacent to public transportation, such as highways, airports and railroad lines, as well as in theaters, home theaters, music practice rooms, recording studios and others.
  • public transportation such as highways, airports and railroad lines
  • STC Sound Transmission Class
  • Another measure is the broad emergence of litigation between homeowners and builders over the issue of unacceptable noise.
  • the noise may come from rooms above or below the occupied space, or from an outdoor noise source.
  • several of the above-named techniques only offer a three to six decibel improvement in acoustical performance over that of standard construction techniques, with no regard to acoustical isolation. Such a small improvement represents a just noticeable difference, not a soundproofing solution.
  • Sound rated or floating floor systems are known for acoustically isolating a room beneath a floor on which impacts may occur, such as pedestrian footfalls, sports activities, dropping of toys, or scraping caused by moving furniture.
  • Impact noise generation can generally be reduced by using thick carpeting, but where vinyl, linoleum, tile, hardwood, wood laminates and other types of hard surfaces including decorated concrete finishes are to be used, a sound rated floor is desirable and required by codes for acoustical separation of multifamily units.
  • the transmission of impact noise to the area below can be reduced by resiliently supporting or acoustically decoupling and/or dampening the underlayment floor away from the floor substructure. The entire floor system contributes to transmitting the noise into the area below. If the floor surface receiving the impact is isolated from the substructure, then the impact sound transmission will be greatly reduced. A dampening material can also reduce transmitted noise. Likewise, if the ceiling below is isolated from the substructure, the impact sound will be restricted from traveling into the area below.
  • a second figure of merit for the physical characteristics of construction panels are their structural capacities; their flexural and shear strength.
  • Flexural strength refers to the panel's ability to resist breaking when a force is applied to the center of a simply supported panel. Values of flexural strength are given in pounds of force (Ibf) or Newtons (N).
  • the measurement technique used to establish the flexural strength of gypsum wallboard or similar construction panels is ASTM C 473- 06a "Standard Test Methods for the Physical Testing of Gypsum Panel Products" (publication date Nov. 1 , 2006).
  • the present constrained panel wall system that is designed for either load-bearing or non-load- bearing construction applications of walls, ceilings, roofs and floors.
  • An acoustic dampening material is sandwiched between dense reinforced fiber cement panels to form the present wall system. Due to the enhanced strength of the resulting system, either load-bearing floor, roof or walls are potential construction applications.
  • the present wall system is suitable in non-load-bearing system and is usable in any construction where a high-acoustic performance is required, especially where low-frequency noise reduction is a priority.
  • the present wall system is a high-STC and IIC floor or wall system including a constrained damping layer sandwiched between reinforced cement panels each having a density of 55 pcf (881 kg/m 3 ) or greater.
  • the present system attains high airborne and impact sound ratings.
  • the present system is optionally configured as a load-bearing floor, or a load-bearing or non-load-bearing wall system.
  • the resistive acoustic properties of the system are greatly improved when compared to the sum of the material parts alone.
  • the nature of the configuration of using the high density panels with the lower density constrained (sandwiched) material(s) provide an outstanding acoustic insulation system, which is also able to support applied floor and wall loads.
  • the present system is installed or assembled at the jobsite.
  • the present system is assembled onsite, using the following steps: to an existing frame for a wall, floor or roof, a first dense, fiber-reinforced cement panel is attached, the panel having an interior surface facing the frame, and an exterior surface; a layer of acoustic dampening material is applied to the exterior surface; a second dense, fiber-reinforced cement panel is attached to at least one of the dampening material, the first panel, and the frame.
  • a building panel including a first panel of dense, fiber-reinforced cement, an internal layer of acoustic dampening material; and a second panel of dense, fiber-reinforced cement such that the dampening material is sandwiched between the first and second cement panels.
  • a modular structure in a manufacturing facility away from the final building site, is constructed using the above-described panels of a dampening material sandwiched between dense, fiber-reinforced cement panels, then the module is shipped to the site where the final building is being erected by stacking and connecting the individual modules.
  • the present constrained system is either preassembled as the modular unit or in pieces to be built/assembled onto the modules.
  • a method for assembling a wall system to an existing frame for a wall, floor or roof including: attaching a first dense, fiber- reinforced cement panel to the frame, the panel having an interior surface facing the frame, and an exterior surface; applying a layer of acoustic dampening material to the exterior surface; and attaching a second dense, fiber-reinforced cement panel to at least one of the dampening material, the first panel, and the frame.
  • the acoustic dampening material is an adhesive
  • attaching the second dense, fiber-reinforced cement panel includes inserting at least one fastener into at least one of the first dense, fiber-reinforced cement panel and the frame, then once the acoustic dampening material has set, removing the at least one fastener and patching at least one hole created by the fastener.
  • applying the acoustic dampening material is accomplished through rolling, brushing, spraying or troweling.
  • the acoustic dampening material is provided in sheet form. In another option, some of the fasteners are retained and not removed for retaining the face panel in position.
  • the acoustic dampening material is an adhesive including alkyl abietate, a plant resin and polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the acoustic dampening material is an adhesive applied in a layer of 0.02 inch to 0.10 inch and including a polymer having a glass transition temperature (T g ) of -10°C to about 30° C. It is contemplated that the adhesive further includes plasticizer.
  • T g glass transition temperature
  • each of the first and second dense, fiber-reinforced cement panels have a density of 55 pcf (881 kg/m 3 ) or greater.
  • a building panel including, a first panel of dense, fiber-reinforced cement; an internal layer of acoustic dampening material; and a second panel of dense, fiber-reinforced cement such that the dampening material is sandwiched between the first and second cement panels.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary view of a wall created using the present wall system, with portions removed for clarity;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1 and in the direction generally designated;
  • FIG. 3 is a graphic representative of test data where sound absorption at various frequencies of several panel systems was compared
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary cross-section of a first embodiment of the present wall system used for STC testing
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross-section of a second embodiment of the present wall system used for STC testing
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary cross-section of a third embodiment of the present wall system used for STC testing.
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary cross-section of a fourth embodiment of the present wall system used for STC testing.
  • the present sound reducing, constrained layer damping system is shown as a wall panel or generally indicated by reference number 10.
  • wall will be understood to refer to all such applications.
  • the present system 10 is intended for use on a frame 12 including regularly spaced vertical studs 14 held in place by headers 16 and footers 18 using threaded fasteners or the like as are well known in the art.
  • the frame 12 is made of wood or metal components.
  • the vertical studs 14 are commonly placed at a 16-inch (40.6 cm) spacing measured from their center, but may be spaced as far apart as 24-inches (61.0 cm).
  • the present system 10 is optionally useful in modular construction, whereby the present system either arrives pre-assembled as panels at a modular manufacturing facility, or as components which are then mounted onto the individual building modules. These modules are then completed and transported to an installation site, where they are stacked and connected to each other and then form the final modular building. It is also contemplated that the modular manufacturing site can be on the construction site or at a remote assembly location. Such modular construction is described in commonly-assigned US Patent No. 10,066,390 which is incorporated by reference.
  • the damping system 10 is a first dense, fiber- re info reed, structural cementitious panel 20 as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,986,812; 7,445,738; 7,670,520; 7,789,645; and 8,030,377, which are all incorporated herein by reference. It is also contemplated that the term “fiber-reinforced, structural cementitious panel” also refers to Portland cement-based, Magnesium Oxide cement-based and polymer cement-based panels.
  • the first panel 20 has an interior surface 22 facing the frame 12, and an exterior surface 24. As is known in the art, the first panel 20 is secured to the frame 12 using fasteners 26. It is preferred that the first panel 20 has a density of at least 55 pounds per cubic foot (pef) (881 kg/m 3 ). It is further preferred that the first panel 20 has a density of at least 80 pef (1281 kg/m 3 ).
  • an acoustic dampening material 28 contemplated has having a wide range of compositions, but being resilient and absorbing sound waves.
  • the dampening material 28 is optionally provided as an adhesive-like composition or as a sheet of material, and is also referred to as the adhesive 28 as a coating or a layer.
  • the acoustic dampening material 28 is applied to the exterior surface 24 using a roller, a brush, a trowel, or is sprayed upon the panel 20 using conventional spraying equipment.
  • the dampening material 28 is secured to the panel 20 using fasteners 26 or adhesive.
  • the dampening material 28 is applied in a thickness of 0.02 inch to 0.10 inch.
  • the second panel 30 is attached to at least one of the dampening material 28, the first panel 20, and the frame 12.
  • the resistive acoustic properties of the system 10 are greatly improved when compared to the sum of the material parts alone.
  • the nature of the configuration of using the high density panels 20, 30 with the lower density constrained (sandwiched) material 28 provides the present acoustic insulation system 10, which is also able to support applied floor and wall loads.
  • the present system 10 is installed or assembled at the jobsite.
  • attaching the second dense, fiber-reinforced cement panel 30 includes inserting at least one fastener 32 into at least one of the first dense, fiber-reinforced cement panel 20 and the frame 12. Then, once the acoustic dampening material 28 has set, the fasteners 32 are removed and the resulting holes are patched as is well known in the art.
  • the adhesive layer 28 includes a polymer such as a binder.
  • a suitable adhesive 28 is disclosed in commonly-assigned US Patent Application Serial No. 16,356,303, filed March 18, 2019, US 2019/0338516 which is incorporated by reference.
  • the adhesive layer preferably has a balance between tackiness and relaxation time. That is, the adhesive should be pliable and tacky enough to adhere to both the panels 20 and 30. Concurrently, sound dampening is improved with a high viscoelastic relaxation time. That is, the velocity of sound depends on the elastic modulus of the adhesive (E (co)).
  • E , ⁇ a>6. Therefore, for a high 0, the loss modulus is higher as compared to the storage modulus. So, when £"( ⁇ ») is greater than £'( ⁇ ») , the acoustic attenuation in transmission increases.
  • the adhesive preferably should maintain high viscoelastic relaxation time over time and a range of temperatures.
  • the polymer of the adhesive layer 28 is synthetic latex (i.e. , an aqueous dispersion of polymer particles prepared by emulsion polymerization of one or more monomers).
  • the latex is a film-forming polymer.
  • the adhesive coating used to form the adhesive layer comprises an aqueous emulsion or dispersion comprising water, surfactant, and latex polymer selected from the group consisting of acrylics, styrene acrylics, acrylic esters, vinyl acrylics, vinyl chloride acrylic, styrene acetate acrylics, butyl acrylics, ethyl acrylics, ethylene polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate, styrene butadiene, and combinations thereof.
  • the adhesive coating can have an absence of one or more of the foregoing polymers.
  • Typical acrylics are polymers made from polymers of acrylic acid or acrylates, for example, polyacrylate, poly butyl acrylate, poly ethyl acrylate.
  • the latex polymer is selected from styrene-butadiene latex, styrene acrylic polymer, or acrylic ester polymer.
  • the latex polymer glass transition temperature is in the range from about -10 °C to about 30 °C, more preferably from about 5 °C to about 30 °C, more preferably from about -10 °C to about 20 °C, and more preferably from about 10 °C to about 20°C.
  • the adhesive compositions 28 have at least 10 wt. %, more typically at least 20 wt. % latex polymer. For example, typically 15 to 70 wt. %, 45 to 70 wt. % or 45 to 60 wt. % latex polymer.
  • the adhesive compositions 28 may also include a plasticizer.
  • the adhesive compositions 28 have 0 to 50 wt. % more typically 5 to 50 wt. %, furthermore typically 10 to 30 wt. % plasticizer.
  • the adhesive compositions of the invention may have an absence of plasticizer.
  • Typical plasticizers may be any of abietates, phthalates, terephthalates, benzoates, and epoxidized oils such as epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), preferably the abietates.
  • ESO epoxidized soybean oil
  • the plasticizer improves both tack and sound attenuation.
  • tack refers to the ability of a material to stick to the surface on momentary contact and then to resist separation.
  • Typical abietates are alkyl abietate, e.g., methyl abietate or ethyl abietate, or aralkyl abietate, for example benzyl abietate.
  • the abietate is believed to work like a plasticizer and can be used to adjust the softness and tackiness of the adhesive.
  • the alkyl portion of the alkyl abietate can be a saturated linear or branched Ci to C , preferably Ci to Cs, alkyl group.
  • the aralkyl group is typically benzyl.
  • Typical abietate plasticizers for use in the present invention are shown in Formula (I).
  • R is a saturated linear or branched Ci to C , typically Ci to C or Ci to Cs or Ci to C4, alkyl group or an aralkyl group, preferably benzyl.
  • the adhesive compositions 28 also optionally include a resin.
  • Typical resins may be any one or more synthetic resins.
  • Typical resins may include any one or more plant resins.
  • typically one or more plant resins such as wood or gum rosin, ester gum, hydrogenated rosin, dammar gum, manila gum, coumarone- indene resin, copal, kauri gum, ethyl cellulose, mastic, and/or sandarac.
  • the adhesive compositions 28 have 0 to 25 wt. %, more typically 5 to 20 wt. % resin. However, the adhesive 28 is contemplated has having an absence of resin.
  • the adhesive compositions 28 also optionally include a polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the adhesive compositions 28 have 0 to 20 wt. %, more typically 5 to 15 wt. % polyvinyl alcohol. However, the adhesive compositions 28 optionally have an absence of polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a preferred adhesive composition 28 for achieving a balance of properties comprises the above-described polymer and a plasticizer, preferably an alkyl or aralkyl abietate plasticizer.
  • a more preferred adhesive composition 28 includes a mixture of acrylic polymer, resin, polyvinyl alcohol and alkyl abietate.
  • the acrylic component, resin, and polyvinyl alcohol can provide tack. Further, the hydrogel nature of polyvinyl alcohol also allows it to retain some water in it, which helps with workability and reduction sound transmission of the adhesive.
  • inorganic components e.g., calcium carbonate, anhydrous gypsum, etc.
  • inorganic components e.g., calcium carbonate, anhydrous gypsum, etc.
  • Such a polymer adhesive layer 28 includes the polymer adhesive as binder and a combination of first particles (the particles of sound compliant material) which are mostly compliant with respect to sound transmission and second particles (the particles of sound-stiff material) which are mostly stiff with respect to sound transmission.
  • compliant material is used interchangeably with the term “sound-compliant material” and it is understood broadly in this disclosure to mean a material which is at least partially flexible and able to transfer, dissipate and/or absorb sound waves through its body at least partially.
  • sound-stiff material is used interchangeably with the term “sound-stiff material” and is understood broadly in this disclosure to mean any material which is likely to reflect most of energy from sound waves rather than transfer, dissipate and/or absorb the sound waves.
  • the sound-compliant particles are larger in size than sound-stiff particles such that each sound-compliant particle is surrounded with several soundstiff particles. In other embodiments, sound-compliant particles and sound-stiff particles are of about same size. If desired, the sound-compliant particles and sound-stiff particles are used in the equal molar ratios. However, if desired the sound-compliant particles are the main component and sound-stiff particles are used in only much smaller amounts. In other embodiments, this ratio is reversed.
  • the molar ratio of sound-compliant particles to sound-stiff particles in the compliant coating may be from 1 : 1 to 1 : 1 ,000 or the molar ratio of sound-compliant particles to sound-stiff particles is 1,000:1 to 1:1.
  • the polymer adhesive layer 28 includes sound-compliant rubber particles, such as for example tire scrap particles, with sound-stiff nanometric silica particles.
  • sound-compliant particles such as for example tire scrap particles, with sound-stiff nanometric silica particles.
  • any sound-compliant particles are optionally used, including, but not limited to, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), natural rubber compounds, cotton fibers, organic fibers, inorganic fibers, polypropylene fibers, air-filled glass beads, polystyrene beads or polystyrene foam.
  • any sound-stiff particles are usable in the compliant coating 28.
  • Such sound-stiff particles may include, but are not limited to, silica particles, clay particles, calcium carbonate, perlite, gas-filled microspheres, hollow microspheres, cenospheres and inorganic glues.
  • a combination of several sound-compliant materials can be mixed together with at least one sound-stiff material.
  • a combination of several sound-stiff materials can be mixed together with at least one sound-compliant material.
  • a combination of several sound-stiff materials can be mixed together with several sound-compliant materials.
  • the adhesive layer 28 preferably does not include solid particulates.
  • the polymer adhesive layer 28 has an absence of mineral filler.
  • the polymer adhesive layer 28 has an absence of gypsum.
  • the polymer adhesive coating 28 applied has an absence of gypsum.
  • the polymer adhesive coating 28 applied has an absence of calcium carbonate.
  • the polymer adhesive coating 28 applied has an absence of magnesium carbonate.
  • the polymer adhesive coating 28 applied has an absence of pigment.
  • the polymer adhesive coating 28 applied has an absence of polyurea.
  • the polymer adhesive coating 28 applied has an absence of inorganic particles.
  • the polymer adhesive coating 28 applied has an absence of organic particles.
  • the polymer adhesive coating 28 applied has an absence of hydroxyethyl cellulose.
  • the adhesive layer 28 is applied in an amount equal to that to form a polymer coating having a thickness of about 0.02 inches (0.051 cm) to about 0.06 inches (0.152 cm), a thickness of about 0.02 inches (0.051 cm) to about 0.05 inches (0.127 cm).
  • the adhesive layer 28 is applied by at least one method selected from the group consisting of spray coating, dip coating, rill application, free jet application, blade metering, rod metering, metered film press coating, air knife coating, curtain coating, flexography printing, and roll coating.
  • Latexes typically have 1-55 wt. % binder (polymer) and water.
  • Latex is an emulsion with emulsified polymer particles that can vary from 30 nm to 1500 nm. Therefore, the adhesive coating can comprise the emulsified polymer particles with an absence of other particles including solid particles, for example filler particles.
  • the latex forms a film (e.g., a continuous film) and is not in particulate form. Therefore, the adhesive layer can have an absence of particulates.
  • the small scale test method was a table-top arrangement: A material sample (gypsum wallboard or other panel), with approximate dimensions of 4” (10.2 cm) wide by 48” (121.9 cm) long, is held in place on each of long ends of the sample by silicone rubber padded clamps to mitigate undesirable vibrations. An electrodynamic shaker is placed upon vibration isolation pads and securely fastened to the table. An impedance head is attached to the shaker to measure the input force (frequency and amplitude), which will be used to normalize the frequency response function. The shaker is attached to the material sample at one end and is excited with a random noise signal ranging from 100 to 4000 Hz.
  • Micro-accelerometers are attached equidistant points along the length of the material sample and are used to measure the frequency response function at the equidistant points along the material sample.
  • the output frequency response function (frequency and amplitude) measured by the accelerometers is compared to the input frequency response function (frequency and amplitude) measured by the impedance head at the shaker. The difference between these input and output frequency responses is then correlated to acoustic transmission loss of the material sample.
  • a first experimental embodiment of the system 10 is generally labeled 100 and includes a Type X gypsum panel 102, a pair of steel studs 104, fibrous insulation 106, and a pair of high-density reinforced cement panels 108.
  • the Type X gypsum panel 102 and the pair of high-density reinforced cement panels 108 are located on opposite sides of the steel studs 104.
  • the Type X gypsum panel 102 is fastened to the steel studs 104 by Type S screws (not shown), and the steel studs 104 are 20-gauge steel studs.
  • the steel studs 104 are 3.675-inch steel studs placed at 24-inch spacing measured from their center.
  • the steel studs 104 have a thickness of 0.033 inches (0.083 cm). Further, the high-density reinforced cement panels 108 are fastened to the steel studs 104 by self-drilling wing screws (not shown).
  • the Type X gypsum panel 102 is 0.675 inches (1.71 cm) thick, and the high-density reinforced cement panels 108 are each 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) thick.
  • a second experimental embodiment of the system 10 is generally labeled 200 and includes each of the features of the first experimental embodiment 100.
  • the second experimental embodiment 200 also includes the acoustic dampening material 28 located between the high-density reinforced cement panels 108.
  • the acoustic dampening material 28 is applied as a coating between approximately 0.01 inches (0.025 cm) and 0.015 inches (0.038 cm) thick.
  • Table 1 shows the results of the STC tests performed on the first and second experimental embodiments 100, 200.
  • the mass of the acoustic dampening material 28 is insignificant compared to the overall mass of second experimental embodiment 200. Accordingly, the increase of 3 STC between the first and second experimental embodiments 100, 200 is attributable to the dampening effect of acoustic dampening material 28.
  • a difference of 3 STC points roughly correlates to a difference in transmitted sound of 3 decibels (dB), which is perceived as a noticeable difference to the average human ear. Therefore, the presence of the acoustic dampening material 28 provided a noticeable performance improvement.
  • a third experimental embodiment of the system 10 is generally labeled 300 and includes the two steel studs 104 and the insulation 106. Additionally, two adjacent Type X gypsum panels 102 are located on each side of the steel studs 104 and are fastened to the steel studs 104 by Type S screws (not shown). The third experimental embodiment 300 does not include the acoustic dampening material 28.
  • a fourth experimental embodiment of the system 10 is generally labeled 400 and includes the two steel studs 104 and the insulation 106. Additionally, two adjacent high-density reinforced cement panels 108 are located on each side of the steel studs 104 and are fastened to steel studs 104 with self-drilling wing screws (not shown). Moreover, the acoustic dampening material 28 is applied between the adjacent high density reinforced panels 108.
  • Table 2 below shows the results of the STC tests performed on the third and fourth experimental embodiments 300, 400.
  • the total panel weight for the third experimental embodiment 300 is approximately 9 lb/ft 2 (0.379 kg/m 2 ), whereas the total panel weight for the fourth experimental embodiment 400 is approximately 13 lb/ft 2 (0.548 kg/m 2 ).
  • the mass law of sound transmission loss states that sound transmission loss increases at a rate of 6 dB with each doubling of mass, which roughly equates to a theoretical increase of 6 STC points with each doubling of mass.
  • the mass law suggests that the fourth experimental embodiment 400 should yield sound transmission loss performance between 2 - 3 dB (2 - 3 STC points) higher than the third experimental embodiment 300. Instead, a performance improvement of 12 STC points is realized with the fourth experimental embodiment 400 compared to the third experimental embodiment 300. Therefore, the acoustic dampening material 28 applied between high-density reinforced cement panels 108 is the primary reason for the 12 STC point performance improvement.

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  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'assemblage d'un système de paroi sur un cadre existant pour une paroi, un plancher ou un toit, comprenant : la fixation d'un premier panneau de ciment lourd renforcé par des fibres au cadre, le panneau ayant une surface intérieure faisant face au cadre, et une surface extérieure ; l'application d'une couche de matériau d'amortissement acoustique sur la surface extérieure ; et la fixation d'un deuxième panneau de ciment lourd renforcé par des fibres à au moins l'un parmi le matériau d'amortissement, le premier panneau et le cadre. L'invention concerne un panneau de construction, comprenant un premier panneau de ciment lourd renforcé par des fibres ; une couche interne de matériau d'amortissement acoustique ; et un deuxième panneau de ciment lourd renforcé par des fibres de telle sorte que le matériau d'amortissement est pris en sandwich entre les premier et deuxième panneaux de ciment.
PCT/US2022/070433 2021-02-05 2022-01-31 Systèmes d'amortissement de sol et de paroi à couche contrainte utilisant des panneaux de ciment renforcés à haute densité WO2022170307A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MX2023008078A MX2023008078A (es) 2021-02-05 2022-01-31 Sistemas de amortiguacion de piso y pared en capa restringida usando paneles de cemento reforzado de alta densidad.
CA3206222A CA3206222A1 (fr) 2021-02-05 2022-01-31 Systemes d'amortissement de sol et de paroi a couche contrainte utilisant des panneaux de ciment renforces a haute densite

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202163146095P 2021-02-05 2021-02-05
US63/146,095 2021-02-05
US17/455,166 2021-11-16
US17/455,166 US20220251828A1 (en) 2021-02-05 2021-11-16 Constrained layer floor and wall damping systems using high-density reinforced cement panels

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WO2022170307A1 true WO2022170307A1 (fr) 2022-08-11

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CA (1) CA3206222A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2023008078A (fr)
WO (1) WO2022170307A1 (fr)

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MX2023008078A (es) 2023-07-18

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