WO2022166038A1 - 非调质钢长杆螺栓及其制造方法 - Google Patents

非调质钢长杆螺栓及其制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2022166038A1
WO2022166038A1 PCT/CN2021/096012 CN2021096012W WO2022166038A1 WO 2022166038 A1 WO2022166038 A1 WO 2022166038A1 CN 2021096012 W CN2021096012 W CN 2021096012W WO 2022166038 A1 WO2022166038 A1 WO 2022166038A1
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rolling
strength
manufacturing
controlled
final product
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PCT/CN2021/096012
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French (fr)
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王杨
周蕾
陆恒昌
赵秀明
钱鹏
袁峰
董瀚
张波
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南京钢铁股份有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F45/00—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles
    • B21F45/16—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles of devices for fastening or securing purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of steel for fasteners, and particularly relates to a non-quenched and tempered steel long rod bolt and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • spheroidizing annealing and quenching and tempering treatment are heat treatment processes with long cycle and high energy consumption. Repeated heat treatment not only consumes a lot of energy resources and pollutes the environment, but also produces product defects such as deformation, cracking and decarburization, and the quality risk is high.
  • the use of non-quenched and tempered steel to produce bolts can save these two processes, which has the characteristics of saving energy and reducing costs. At the same time, it can avoid the waste products caused by deformation or quenching cracks during the heat treatment process, and improve the utilization rate of materials.
  • eliminating the spheroidizing annealing process can save 625kW ⁇ h of electricity per ton of fasteners; eliminating the quenching and tempering process, saving 100kW ⁇ h of electricity per ton of fasteners; at the same time, it also reduces heat treatment waste.
  • the loss of annealing oxidation is about 0.2%; and the loss of annealing oxidation is reduced, about 42.5kg per ton. For this reason, more and more manufacturers use non-quenched and tempered steel to make bolts, and achieve the expected strength of the bolts through cold-drawing deformation strengthening.
  • the present invention provides a non-quenched and tempered steel long rod bolt, which can ensure the dimensional accuracy, strength and fatigue performance of the finished product.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned non-quenched and tempered steel long shank bolt.
  • the non-quenched and tempered steel long rod bolts of the present invention have components in mass percentage, including C: 0.15-0.25%, Si: ⁇ 0.30%, Mn: 1.0-1.5%, P: ⁇ 0.025%, S : ⁇ 0.025%, V: 0.01 to 0.06%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.06%, Ti: ⁇ 0.06%, Al: 0.01 to 0.05%, the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the metallographic structure of the non-quenched and tempered steel long shank bolt is a mixed structure of ferrite and pearlite.
  • the technical solution adopted by the manufacturing method provided by the present invention includes rolling, drawing, simultaneous straightening and rolling, cold heading, thread rolling, surface treatment and aging. Treatment; wherein, in the rolling process, controlled rolling and controlled cooling make the strength of the hot-rolled wire rod reach 76% to 84% of the strength of the final product, the area shrinkage rate is ⁇ 55%, and the elongation rate after breaking is ⁇ 20%; In the above drawing process, by controlling the drawing area reduction rate of 10% to 50%, the strength of the wire rod after cold drawing is 89% to 96% of the strength of the final product; Controlled at 0.03 ⁇ 1m.
  • the means of controlling rolling and controlling cooling include controlling the laying temperature at 800-830°C, and 1-6# cover before opening the air cooling line to control the cooling speed at 1.5-2.0m/s.
  • the surface treatment process is electroplating treatment.
  • the heating temperature is 100-350° C.
  • the holding time is 60-150 min
  • the furnace is air-cooled.
  • the key points of the manufacturing method are: in the rolling stage, the strength of the hot-rolled wire rod obtained by controlled rolling and cooling is 630-700 MPa, the area shrinkage rate is ⁇ 55%, and the elongation after fracture is ⁇ 20%; Control the drawing reduction rate of 10% to 50%, so that the strength of the wire after cold drawing is 89% to 96% of the final product strength, which is 738 to 800MPa; in the straightening + rolling stage, by controlling the rolling amount of 0.3 ⁇ 1mm, so that the strength of the wire can meet the final wire strength requirements.
  • the size of the cold drawing reduction rate directly affects the strength of the wire after cold drawing.
  • the amount of cold drawing deformation is small, dislocations are first generated in the ferrite grains, and the dislocation density is relatively uniform at this time, which is an irregular state; as the amount of deformation increases, the dislocation density increases, forming dislocation entanglement
  • the high-density region is separated from the low dislocation part to form a cellular substructure; when the deformation continues to increase, the dislocation slip process will be hindered, which greatly increases the strength of the wire after cold drawing. Therefore, controlling the area reduction rate of the non-quenched and tempered steel wire rod by 10%-50% can control the dislocation density in the wire rod and obtain a good strong-plastic matching.
  • the rolling can solve the problems such as the decrease of the strength of the wire and the expansion of the diameter caused by the straightening.
  • Rolling belongs to non-uniform plastic deformation. When the straightened wire passes through the horizontally placed rolling wheel, the rolling pressure is mainly concentrated on the surface layer, and the core is less stressed. In this way, the surface layer of the wire will undergo plastic deformation when it is compressed, forming obvious fibers.
  • the core of the wire is basically not compressed, and the unequal plastic deformation occurs between the surface layer and the inner layer of the wire, so there must be strain adjustment, that is, the inner layer material should prevent the elastic recovery of the surface layer, while the surface layer material stretches the inner layer.
  • strain adjustment that is, the inner layer material should prevent the elastic recovery of the surface layer, while the surface layer material stretches the inner layer.
  • the result of the joint action produces residual tensile stress in the inner layer and residual compressive stress in the surface layer.
  • the increase of residual compressive stress can improve the fatigue life of workpiece. Therefore, by performing straightening and rolling at the same time, the dimensional accuracy, strength and fatigue properties of the final bolts can be significantly improved.
  • the non-quenched and tempered steel long rod bolt eliminates the two procedures of spheroidizing annealing and quenching and tempering treatment, saves energy and reduces costs.
  • the wire rod with 76-84% of the strength of the final product is obtained by controlled rolling and controlled cooling, and then in the drawing process, the drawing area reduction ratio is controlled by 10-50%, so that the strength of the cold-drawn wire rod is 10% of the strength of the final product.
  • composition of each embodiment is shown in Table 1, and the balance is Fe and impurities.
  • the manufacturing process parameters are shown in Table 2.
  • Table 3 shows the tensile strength and section shrinkage rate of the long rod bolts finally obtained in each example.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种非调质钢长杆螺栓及其制造方法，属于紧固件用钢技术领域。该非调质钢长杆螺栓省去了球化退火和调质处理两道工序，节约能源，降低了成本。在制造过程中通过控轧控冷得到终成品强度的76～84％的线材，然后在拉拔工序中，控制拉拔减面率10～50％，使冷拔线材强度为最终成品强度的89％-96％，再利用校直、滚压同时进行的方式，保证直线度的同时使线材强度达到最终成品强度，从而显著提高最终成品螺栓的尺寸精度、强度以及疲劳性能。

Description

非调质钢长杆螺栓及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明属于紧固件用钢技术领域，具体涉及一种非调质钢长杆螺栓及其制造方法。
背景技术
高强度螺栓的制造工艺中球化退火和调质处理均属周期长、能耗大的热处理工序。多次热处理不仅消耗大量能源资源，污染环境，而且成品调质容易产生变形、开裂、脱碳等产品缺陷，质量风险高。而采用非调质钢生产螺栓可以省去这两道工序，具有节约能源、降低成本等特点，同时可以避免热处理过程中产生变形或者淬火裂纹所导致的废品、提高材料的使用率。据统计，省去了球化退火工序，每吨紧固件可节约电能625kW·h；省去了淬火和回火工序，每吨紧固件可节约电能100kW·h；同时还减少了热处理废品的损失，约0.2％；并且减少了退火氧化的损耗，每吨约42.5kg。为此，越来越多的厂家采用非调质钢制造螺栓，通过冷拔变形强化来达到螺栓预期的强度。然而生产过程中发现：冷拔后线材直线度不够，特别是针对长杆螺栓的生产，需要对冷拔后线材进行校直，但线材经过校直后，强度会下降、直径膨胀，这些都会影响最终成品螺栓的尺寸、强度、疲劳性能等。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明提供一种非调质钢长杆螺栓，该长杆螺栓能够保证成品的尺寸精度、强度以及疲劳性能。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述非调质钢长杆螺栓的制造方法。
技术方案：本发明所述的非调质钢长杆螺栓，成分以质量百分比计，包括C：0.15～0.25％、Si：≤0.30％、Mn：1.0～1.5％、P：≤0.025％、S：≤0.025％、V：0.01～0.06％、Nb：0.01～0.06％、Ti：≤0.06％、Al：0.01～0.05％，余量的Fe和不可避免的杂质。
该非调质钢长杆螺栓的金相组织为铁素体+珠光体的混合组织。
对应于上述非调质钢长杆螺栓，本发明提供的制造方法所采用的技术方案，工序包括轧制、拉拔、同时进行的矫直和滚压、冷镦、滚丝、表面处理和时效处理；其中，在所述轧制工序中，通过控轧控冷使热轧线材强度达到最终成品强度的76％～84％、断面收缩率≥55％、断后伸长率≥20％；在所述拉拔工序中，通 过控制拉拔减面率10％～50％，使得冷拔后线材强度为最终成品强度的89％～96％；矫直和滚压同时进行，滚压的压入量控制在0.03～1m。
具体的，所述轧制工序中，控轧控冷的手段包括控制吐丝温度在800-830℃、风冷线开前1-6#罩盖使降温速度控制在1.5-2.0m/s。
进一步的，所述表面处理工序为电镀处理。
进一步的，在所述的时效处理工序中，加热温度100～350℃，保温时间60～150min，出炉空冷。
具体的，该制造方法的关键点在于：轧制阶段，通过控轧控冷获得热轧线材强度为630～700MPa、断面收缩率≥55％、断后伸长率≥20％；拉拔阶段，通过控制拉拔减面率10％～50％，使得冷拔后线材强度为最终成品强度的89％～96％，为738～800MPa；校直+滚压阶段，通过控制滚压压入量0.3～1mm，使得线材强度能够达到最终线材强度要求。
其中，冷拔减面率的大小直接影响冷拔后线材强度。当冷拔变形量较小时，铁素体晶粒内先产生位错，此时位错密度较为均匀，为不规则状态；随着变形量的增大，位错密度增加，形成位错缠结的高密度区，并与位错低的部分分隔，形成胞状亚结构；当变形量继续增大时，位错滑移过程会受到阻碍，使得冷拔后线材强度大大增加。因此，控制非调质钢线材拉拔时减面率的大小10％-50％，可以控制线材中的位错密度，获得良好的强塑性匹配。
通过采用校直、滚压同时进行的方式，一方面可以消除冷拔线材直线度不够的问题，另一方面滚压可以解决校直所引起的线材强度下降、直径膨胀等问题。滚压属于不均匀塑性变形，当校直后线材经过水平放置的滚压轮时，施滚压力主要集中在表层，心部受力较小，这样线材表层受到压缩会发生塑性变形，形成明显的纤维状组织，而线材心部基本没有受到压缩，线材表层与内层之间发生不等的塑性变形，就必然存在应变调节，即内层材料要阻止表层的弹性回复，同时表层材料拉伸内层材料，共同作用的结果使内层产生残余拉应力，表层产生残余压应力。而残余压应力的提高可以改善工件的疲劳寿命。因此，通过校直、滚压同时进行的方式，可以显著提高最终成品螺栓的尺寸精度、强度以及疲劳性能等。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，该非调质钢长杆螺栓省去了球化退火和调质处理两道工序，节约能源，降低了成本。在制造过程中通过控轧控冷得到终成品强度的76～84％的线材，然后在拉拔工序中，控制拉拔减面率10～50％，使冷拔线材强度为最终成品强度的89％-96％，再利用校直、滚压同时进行的方式，保证 直线度的同时使线材强度基本达到最终成品强度，从而显著提高最终成品螺栓的尺寸精度Ra≥0.8、强度820MPa以上，以及疲劳性能满足500万次疲劳极限强度σ A50≥80MPa。
具体实施方式
下面，提供实施例以对本发明做进一步详细说明。
各实施例的成分见表1，余量为Fe和杂质。制造工艺参数见表2所示。
表1各实施例成分(wt.％)
编号 C Si Mn P S V Nb Ti Al
1 0.223 0.276 1.3 0.0177 0.0058 0.042 0.042 0.033 0.023
2 0.21 0.20 1.21 0.014 0.0023 0.035 0.032 0.031 0.015
3 0.18 0.30 1.06 0.019 0.0250 0.052 0.047 0.028 0.010
4 0.15 0.18 1.50 0.022 0.0036 0.060 0.052 0.010 0.050
5 0.25 0.12 1.32 0.025 0.0180 0.018 0.060 0.007 0.042
6 0.236 0.24 1.00 0.017 0.0079 0.010 0.010 0.060 0.033
表2工序参数
Figure PCTCN2021096012-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021096012-appb-000002
各实施例最终制得长杆螺栓的抗拉强度及断面收缩率如表3所示。
表3各实施例性能参数
Figure PCTCN2021096012-appb-000003
经检验各实施例的最终成品螺栓的尺寸精度Ra≥0.8，疲劳性能满足500万次疲劳极限强度σA50≥80MPa。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种非调质钢长杆螺栓，其特征在于，成分以质量百分比计，包括C：0.15～0.25％、Si：≤0.30％、Mn：1.0～1.5％、P：≤0.025％、S：≤0.025％、V：0.01～0.06％、Nb：0.01～0.06％、Ti：≤0.06％、Al：0.01～0.05％，余量的Fe和不可避免的杂质。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的非调质钢长杆螺栓，其特征在于，金相组织为铁素体+珠光体的混合组织。
  3. 一种根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的非调质钢长杆螺栓的制造方法，其特征在于，工序包括轧制、拉拔、同时进行的矫直和滚压、冷镦、滚丝、表面处理和时效处理；其中，
    在所述轧制工序中，通过控轧控冷使热轧线材强度达到最终成品强度的76％～84％、断面收缩率≥55％、断后伸长率≥20％；
    在所述拉拔工序中，通过控制拉拔减面率10％～50％，使得冷拔后线材强度为最终成品强度的89％～96％；
    矫直和滚压同时进行，滚压的压入量控制在0.03～1m。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述轧制工序中，控轧控冷的手段包括控制吐丝温度在800-830℃、风冷线开前1-6#罩盖使降温速度控制在1.5-2.0m/s。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述表面处理工序为电镀处理。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的制造方法，其特征在于，在所述的时效处理工序中，加热温度100～350℃，保温时间60～150min，出炉空冷。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的制造方法，其特征在于，通过控轧控冷获得热轧线材强度为630～700MPa。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的制造方法，其特征在于，拉拔后线材强度为738～800MPa。
PCT/CN2021/096012 2021-02-02 2021-05-26 非调质钢长杆螺栓及其制造方法 WO2022166038A1 (zh)

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