WO2022160848A1 - Power distribution-based noma two-user downlink decoding method - Google Patents

Power distribution-based noma two-user downlink decoding method Download PDF

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WO2022160848A1
WO2022160848A1 PCT/CN2021/129181 CN2021129181W WO2022160848A1 WO 2022160848 A1 WO2022160848 A1 WO 2022160848A1 CN 2021129181 W CN2021129181 W CN 2021129181W WO 2022160848 A1 WO2022160848 A1 WO 2022160848A1
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user
decoder
decoding
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power allocation
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陈平平
陈鹏飞
王聪
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福州大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0473—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being transmission power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The present invention relates to a power distribution-based NOMA two-user downlink decoding method, comprising the following steps: step S1: a base station generates two user signals to be sent, and performs LDPC channel coding on the user signals; step S2: using a fairness index-based power distribution optimization algorithm and an outage probability-based power distribution optimization algorithm, and by changing fairness index and outage probability values, obtaining an optimal power distribution for two users; step S3: modulating the two user signals, and enabling the modulated user signals to reach receiving ends of user 1 and user 2 by means of channels; and step S4: decoding different user signals by the receiving ends by using an SIC strategy. The present invention can significantly reduce the code error rate of a system while maintaining the total power of a base station unchanged, and has low complexity and efficient decoding performance.

Description

基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法Decoding method for NOMA two-user downlink based on power allocation 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域，具体涉及一种基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a NOMA two-user downlink decoding method based on power allocation.
背景技术Background technique
非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal MultipleAccess，NOMA)技术已被公认为是第五代(5th-Generation，5G)无线网络的关键技术之一。与传统的正交多址接入(Orthogonal MultipleAccess，OMA)技术相比，NOMA技术通过功率域复用，能够利用相同的时间和频率来提供更高的频谱效率和系统容量。然而，NOMA系统接收端接收到的用户信号是非正交叠加，不同的用户信号之间存在严重的干扰，导致接收端译码难度大大增加。Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technology has been recognized as one of the key technologies of the fifth generation (5th-Generation, 5G) wireless network. Compared with the traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) technology, the NOMA technology can utilize the same time and frequency to provide higher spectral efficiency and system capacity through power domain multiplexing. However, the user signals received by the receiving end of the NOMA system are non-orthogonal superposition, and there is serious interference between different user signals, which greatly increases the decoding difficulty of the receiving end.
技术问题technical problem
在NOMA系统中，接收机利用连续干扰删除(Successive Interference Cancellation，SIC)技术来避免同道干扰从而获取期望信号。然而实际的无线系统总是使用有限长度的信道码。传统的SIC算法会在NOMA系统中引入严重的错误传播，从而损害系统性能。同时基站对用户功率的分配大小也影响用户间的干扰程度和接收端解码复杂度和准确度。In the NOMA system, the receiver uses the Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) technology to avoid co-channel interference and obtain the desired signal. However, real wireless systems always use channel codes of limited length. Conventional SIC algorithms can introduce severe error propagation in NOMA systems, thereby impairing system performance. At the same time, the allocation of power by the base station to the users also affects the degree of interference between users and the decoding complexity and accuracy of the receiving end.
技术解决方案technical solutions
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法，在基站总功率不变时，可以显著降低系统的误码率，具有低复杂度且高效的译码性能。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a NOMA two-user downlink decoding method based on power allocation, which can significantly reduce the bit error rate of the system when the total power of the base station is unchanged, and has low complexity and high efficiency. decoding performance.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法，包括以下步骤：A kind of decoding method of NOMA two-user downlink based on power allocation, comprising the following steps:
步骤S1:基站产生待发送两用户信号，并对用户信号进行LDPC信道编码；Step S1: the base station generates two user signals to be sent, and carries out LDPC channel coding to the user signals;
步骤S2:采用基于公平系数功率分配优化算法和中断概率的功率分配优化算法，通过改变公平系数和中断概率数值，得到两用户功率的最佳分配；Step S2: adopt the power distribution optimization algorithm based on the fairness coefficient power distribution optimization algorithm and the outage probability, and obtain the optimal distribution of the power of the two users by changing the fairness coefficient and the outage probability value;
步骤S3:对两用户信号进行调制，调制后的用户信号通过信道到达用户1和用户2接收端；Step S3: two user signals are modulated, and the modulated user signals reach user 1 and user 2 receiving ends through the channel;
步骤S4:接收端采用SIC策略来解码不同用户信号。Step S4: the receiving end uses the SIC strategy to decode different user signals.
进一步的，所述基于公平系数功率分配优化算法，具体为：Further, the power distribution optimization algorithm based on the fair coefficient is specifically:
(1)设用户1是距离基站近的用户，也就是用户1的信道条件好，用户2是距离基站远的用户，也就是用户2的信道条件差，用户1、2的吞吐量可以表示为：(1) Assuming that user 1 is a user close to the base station, that is, user 1 has good channel conditions, and user 2 is a user far away from the base station, that is, user 2 has poor channel conditions, the throughput of users 1 and 2 can be expressed as :
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000002
其系统的总吞吐量为R＝R 1+R 2 The total throughput of its system is R=R 1 +R 2
定义公平系数F：Define the fairness factor F:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000003
公平系数表明系统容量在每个用户之间共享的程度，当F越接近1时，代表用户间的吞吐量越接近；The fairness coefficient indicates the degree to which the system capacity is shared among each user. When F is closer to 1, it means that the throughput between users is closer;
在满足系统给定的公平系数 F'指标下，最大化系统总吞吐量： Maximize the total throughput of the system under the fairness factor F ' index given by the system:
maxmize Rmaxmize R
subject to:P 1+P 2＝P subject to: P 1 +P 2 =P
P 1≥0                (4) P 1 ≥ 0 (4)
P 2≥0 P 2 ≥ 0
F＞F'F>F'
P是基站发射的总功率；P is the total power transmitted by the base station;
用户1和用户2分配的功率为P 1和P 2，功率分配因子为α，则P 1＝α×P，P 2＝(1-α)×P The powers allocated by user 1 and user 2 are P 1 and P 2 , and the power allocation factor is α, then P 1 =α×P, P 2 =(1-α)×P
(2)初始化功率分配因子α、公平系数F，吞吐量R 1、R 2； (2) Initialize the power allocation factor α, the fairness coefficient F, and the throughputs R 1 and R 2 ;
(3)计算R 1和R 2，系统的总吞吐量R，公平系数F； (3) Calculate R 1 and R 2 , the total throughput R of the system, and the fairness coefficient F;
(4)在符合公平系数的指标条件下，判断当前系统的总吞吐量是否为最大值；(4) Judging whether the total throughput of the current system is the maximum value under the index condition that meets the fairness coefficient;
(5)判断功率因子是否满足预设约束条件，若是则以一定的步长递增，重复步骤(2)-(4)，直到找到最优的系统吞吐量。(5) Judging whether the power factor satisfies the preset constraint conditions, if so, increasing by a certain step size, and repeating steps (2)-(4) until the optimal system throughput is found.
进一步的，所述基于中断概率的功率分配算法，具体为：Further, the power allocation algorithm based on interruption probability is specifically:
设定最大中断概率的指标下，使得最弱用户的吞吐量最大，优化模型表示为以下形式：Under the index of the maximum interruption probability, the throughput of the weakest user is maximized, and the optimization model is expressed as the following form:
maxmin
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000004
maxmin
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000004
subject to:P 1+P 2≤P subject to: P 1 +P 2 ≤P
P out(m)≤ε(m)             (5) P out (m)≤ε(m) (5)
P 1≥0 P 1 ≥ 0
P 2≥0 P 2 ≥ 0
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000006
其中
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000007
ε(m)是系统给定的可容忍中断概率；m、j代表解码顺序(j＜m)，m＝1代表第一个解码。P out(m)代表用户m的中断概率,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000008
h m是第m个解码用户和基站之间的信道系数，
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000009
是用户j的目标速率，σ 2是高斯信道的方差。M是用户数，设ε(1)＝ε(2)，优化模型化简为： in
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000007
ε(m) is the tolerable interruption probability given by the system; m and j represent the decoding order (j<m), and m=1 represents the first decoding. P out (m) represents the outage probability of user m,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000008
h m is the channel coefficient between the mth decoded user and the base station,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000009
is the target rate for user j, and σ2 is the variance of the Gaussian channel. M is the number of users, set ε(1)=ε(2), the optimization model is simplified as:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000012
其中t是这一组非线性方程的参数，M＝2，得到：where t is the parameter of this set of nonlinear equations, and M=2, we get:
P 2＝tρ(2)+t 2ρ(1)                         (11) P 2 =tρ(2)+t 2 ρ(1) (11)
P 1＝tρ(1)                                 (12) P 1 =tρ(1) (12)
这是一组非线性方程，利用牛顿迭代法求出t，最终可以计算出P 1、P 2。 This is a set of nonlinear equations, and t is obtained by using the Newton iteration method, and finally P 1 and P 2 can be calculated.
进一步的，所述基于中断概率的功率分配算法的分配策略，具体为：Further, the allocation strategy of the power allocation algorithm based on the outage probability is specifically:
(1)初始化系统给定的中断概率ε(m)，系数λ；(1) The interruption probability ε(m) given by the initialization system, the coefficient λ;
(2)根据公式(10)计算ρ(1)、ρ(2)；(2) Calculate ρ(1), ρ(2) according to formula (10);
(3)在基站总功率不变时，利用牛顿迭代法计算参数t；(3) When the total power of the base station is constant, use the Newton iteration method to calculate the parameter t;
(4)按照公式(11)、(12)计算功率P 1、P 2。 (4) Calculate the powers P 1 and P 2 according to formulas (11) and (12).
进一步的，所述SIC策略包括干扰视为噪声的方案N-SIC、将用户的干扰信号调制作为辅助信息的联合检测方案J-SIC、为两个用户交换信号外部解码信息的方案E-SIC。Further, the SIC strategy includes a scheme N-SIC in which interference is regarded as noise, a joint detection scheme J-SIC in which the user's interference signal modulation is used as auxiliary information, and a scheme E-SIC in which external decoding information of signals is exchanged for two users.
进一步的，所述J-SIC策略具体为：将干扰信号视为辅助信息，利用干扰信号进行信号的译码，对于用户1端，先采用干扰消除算法解码用户2之后再解码用户1对于BP解码，解调器需要生成与每个比特相对应的信道对数似然比，并将其传递给解码器，所述信道对数似然比LLR用于译码x 2，如下式： Further, the J-SIC strategy is specifically: regard the interference signal as auxiliary information, use the interference signal to decode the signal, and for the user 1 end, first use the interference cancellation algorithm to decode the user 2, and then decode the user 1 to decode the BP. , the demodulator needs to generate a channel log-likelihood ratio corresponding to each bit and pass it to the decoder, the channel log-likelihood ratio LLR is used to decode x 2 , as follows:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000013
其中，
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000014
表示用户1的所有BPSK符号的集合,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000015
b 2,j对应用户2比特流的第j个比特，b 2,j∈{0,1}；r 1,j对应用户1接收机接收信号的第j个比特；计算出LLR后，执行BP解码算法恢复x 2；之后再次计算信道对数似然比LLR用于译码x 1，如下式： in,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000014
represents the set of all BPSK symbols for user 1,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000015
b 2,j corresponds to the jth bit of the bit stream of user 2, b 2,j ∈ {0,1}; r 1,j corresponds to the jth bit of the signal received by the receiver of user 1; after calculating the LLR, execute BP The decoding algorithm recovers x 2 ; then calculates the channel log-likelihood ratio LLR again for decoding x 1 , as follows:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000016
b 1,j对应用户1比特流的第j个比特，b 1,j∈{0,1}；
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000017
表示用户1接收机减去干扰信息后，信号的第j个比特。同样计算出LLR后，执行BP解码算法恢复。 b 1,j corresponds to the jth bit of the user 1 bit stream, b 1,j ∈{0,1};
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000017
Indicates the jth bit of the signal after subtracting the interference information from the receiver of User 1. After the LLR is also calculated, the BP decoding algorithm is executed to restore.
进一步，所述E-SIC策略具体为：设用户1端有两个解码器，用户2的信号使用解码器2解码，解码器1解码用户1的信号；在用户2端只需要解码器2直接解码本身信号；解码器1和解码器2输出的外部信息在用户1端的解码器1和解码器2之间交换；Further, the E-SIC strategy is specifically as follows: it is assumed that user 1 has two decoders, the signal of user 2 is decoded by decoder 2, and decoder 1 decodes the signal of user 1; Decode the own signal; the external information output by the decoder 1 and the decoder 2 is exchanged between the decoder 1 and the decoder 2 on the user 1 side;
在每次迭代中，必须对用户2信号先进行解码；然后，解码器2变量节点产生的相关联的外部信息作为先验信息被反馈到解码器1；随后是解码器1的解码迭代；最后，解码器1变量节点产生的相关联的软输出作为先验信息被反馈到解码器2，完成了一次迭代；In each iteration, the User 2 signal must be decoded first; then, the associated extrinsic information generated by the Decoder 2 variable node is fed back to Decoder 1 as a priori; followed by a decoding iteration of Decoder 1; and finally , the associated soft output generated by the variable node of decoder 1 is fed back to decoder 2 as a priori information, completing one iteration;
反复迭代，直到解码器校验成功或者不满足约定的循环条件，用户1端解码器2的LLR写为：Iterates repeatedly until the decoder verification succeeds or the agreed loop condition is not met, and the LLR of the decoder 2 on the user 1 side is written as:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000019
表示解码器2从解码器1得到的，关于用户1的外部信息；
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000019
Represents the external information about user 1 obtained by decoder 2 from decoder 1;
用户1端解码器1的LLR写为：The LLR of decoder 1 on the user 1 side is written as:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000020
其中，
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000021
s表示用户2的所有BPSK符号的集合,s∈{-1,+1}。Pr 2(s)表示解码器1从解码器2得到的关于用户2的外部信息，在最终进行比特判决之前，执行q次这样的循环迭代。 in,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000021
s represents the set of all BPSK symbols of user 2, s∈{-1,+1}. Pr 2 (s) represents the external information about user 2 obtained by decoder 1 from decoder 2, and performs q such loop iterations before finally making a bit decision.
有益效果beneficial effect
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明联合功率分配-干扰消除的改进算法，相比于不考虑功率优化的译码方案相比，在基站总功率不变时，可以显著降低系统的误码率，具有低复杂度且高效的译码性能。Compared with the decoding scheme that does not consider power optimization, the improved algorithm of joint power allocation and interference elimination of the present invention can significantly reduce the bit error rate of the system when the total power of the base station is unchanged, and has low complexity and high efficiency. decoding performance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例中NOMA两用户下行链路模型示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of a NOMA two-user downlink model in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例的系统架构示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例中基于公平系数功率分配算法流程示意图；3 is a schematic flowchart of a power allocation algorithm based on fair coefficients in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例中基于中断概率功率分配算法流程示意图；4 is a schematic flowchart of a power allocation algorithm based on outage probability in an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例中用户1采用J-SIC检测框架示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of a J-SIC detection framework adopted by user 1 in an embodiment of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例中用户1采用E-SIC检测框架示意图；6 is a schematic diagram of an E-SIC detection framework adopted by user 1 in an embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明实施例中用户1分别采用N-SIC、J-SIC、E-SIC方案的误码性能图；FIG. 7 is a bit error performance diagram of the N-SIC, J-SIC, and E-SIC schemes respectively adopted by user 1 in the embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明实施例中用户1采用基于公平系数功率分配优化算法后的误码性能图；8 is a bit error performance diagram after user 1 adopts an optimization algorithm based on fair coefficient power distribution in an embodiment of the present invention;
图9是本发明实施例中用户1采用基于中断概率功率分配优化算法后的误码性能图。FIG. 9 is a bit error performance diagram after user 1 adopts an optimization algorithm based on outage probability power allocation in an embodiment of the present invention.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
请参照图1，本实施例考虑NOMA两用户下行链路的系统模型。一个基站和两个用户都配备有单个天线。信道状态信息在基站和用户处众所周知。用户1是距离基站近的用户，也就是用户1的信道条件好。用户2是距离基站远的用户，也就是用户2的信道条件差。Referring to FIG. 1 , this embodiment considers a NOMA two-user downlink system model. One base station and two users are equipped with a single antenna. Channel state information is well known at base stations and users. User 1 is a user close to the base station, that is, the channel condition of user 1 is good. User 2 is a user far away from the base station, that is, the channel condition of user 2 is poor.
参考图2，本实施例提供一种基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法，包括以下步骤：Referring to FIG. 2, this embodiment provides a NOMA two-user downlink decoding method based on power allocation, including the following steps:
步骤S1:基站产生发送给用户1和用户2的比特序列，之后对用户信号进行LDPC信道编码；Step S1: the base station generates a bit sequence sent to user 1 and user 2, and then carries out LDPC channel coding to the user signal;
步骤S2:采用基于公平系数功率分配优化算法和中断概率的功率分配优化算法，通过改变公平系数和中断概率数值，得到两用户功率的最佳分配；Step S2: adopt the power distribution optimization algorithm based on the fairness coefficient power distribution optimization algorithm and the outage probability, and obtain the optimal distribution of the power of the two users by changing the fairness coefficient and the outage probability value;
步骤S3:对两用户信号进行BPSK调制，调制后的用户信号通过信道到达用户1和用户2接收端；Step S3: carry out BPSK modulation to two user signals, and the modulated user signals reach user 1 and user 2 receiving ends through the channel;
步骤S4:接收端采用SIC策略来解码不同用户信号。Step S4: the receiving end uses the SIC strategy to decode different user signals.
在本实施例中，如图4所示，基于公平系数功率分配优化算法，具体为：In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 , the power distribution optimization algorithm based on the fair coefficient is specifically:
用户1、2的吞吐量表示为：The throughput of users 1 and 2 is expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000023
其系统的总吞吐量为R＝R 1+R 2 The total throughput of its system is R=R 1 +R 2
定义公平系数F：Define the fairness factor F:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000024
公平系数表明系统容量在每个用户之间共享的程度，当F越接近1时，代表用户间的吞吐量越接近；The fairness coefficient indicates the degree to which the system capacity is shared among each user. When F is closer to 1, it means that the throughput between users is closer;
在满足系统给定的公平系数F'指标下，最大化系统总吞吐量：Maximize the total throughput of the system under the fairness factor F' given by the system:
maxmize Rmaxmize R
subject to:P 1+P 2＝P subject to: P 1 +P 2 =P
P 1≥0                    (4) P 1 ≥ 0 (4)
P 2≥0 P 2 ≥ 0
F＞F'F>F'
P是基站发射的总功率；P is the total power transmitted by the base station;
设定用户1和用户2分配的功率为P 1和P 2，功率分配因子为α，则P 1＝α×P，P 2＝(1-α)×P Suppose the powers allocated by user 1 and user 2 are P 1 and P 2 , and the power allocation factor is α, then P 1 =α×P, P 2 =(1-α)×P
(2)初始化功率分配因子α、公平系数F，吞吐量R 1、R 2； (2) Initialize the power allocation factor α, the fairness coefficient F, and the throughputs R 1 and R 2 ;
(3)计算R 1和R 2，系统的总吞吐量R，公平系数F； (3) Calculate R 1 and R 2 , the total throughput R of the system, and the fairness coefficient F;
(4)在符合公平系数的指标条件下，判断当前系统的总吞吐量是否为最大值；(4) Judging whether the total throughput of the current system is the maximum value under the index condition that meets the fairness coefficient;
(5)判断功率因子是否满足预设约束条件，若是则以一定的步长递增，重复步骤(2)-(4)，直到找到最优的系统吞吐量。(5) Judging whether the power factor satisfies the preset constraint conditions, if so, increasing by a certain step size, and repeating steps (2)-(4) until the optimal system throughput is found.
在本实施例中，如图3所示，基于中断概率的功率分配算法，具体为：In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the power allocation algorithm based on interruption probability is specifically:
设定最大中断概率的指标下，使得最弱用户的吞吐量最大，优化模型表示为以下形式：Under the index of the maximum interruption probability, the throughput of the weakest user is maximized, and the optimization model is expressed as the following form:
maxmin
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000025
maxmin
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000025
subject to:P 1+P 2≤P subject to: P 1 +P 2 ≤P
P out(m)≤ε(m)                                     (5) P out (m)≤ε(m) (5)
P 1≥0 P 1 ≥ 0
P 2≥0 P 2 ≥ 0
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000027
其中
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000028
ε(m)是系统给定的可容忍中断概率；m、j代表解码顺序(j＜m)，m＝1代表第一个解码。P out(m)代表用户m的中断概率,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000029
h m是第m个解码用户和基站之间的信道系数，
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000030
是用户j的目标速率，σ 2是高斯信道的方差。M是用户数，设ε(1)＝ε(2)，优化模型化简为： in
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000028
ε(m) is the tolerable interruption probability given by the system; m and j represent the decoding order (j<m), and m=1 represents the first decoding. P out (m) represents the outage probability of user m,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000029
h m is the channel coefficient between the mth decoded user and the base station,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000030
is the target rate for user j, and σ2 is the variance of the Gaussian channel. M is the number of users, set ε(1)=ε(2), the optimization model is simplified as:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000032
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000032
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000033
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000033
其中t是这一组非线性方程的参数，M＝2，得到：where t is the parameter of this set of nonlinear equations, and M=2, we get:
P 2＝tρ(2)+t 2ρ(1)                           (11) P 2 =tρ(2)+t 2 ρ(1) (11)
P 1＝tρ(1)                                   (12) P 1 =tρ(1) (12)
这是一组非线性方程，利用牛顿迭代法求出t，最终可以计算出P 1、P 2。 This is a set of nonlinear equations, and t is obtained by using the Newton iteration method, and finally P 1 and P 2 can be calculated.
优选的，基于中断概率的功率分配算法的分配策略，具体为：Preferably, the allocation strategy of the power allocation algorithm based on the interruption probability is specifically:
(1)初始化系统给定的中断概率ε(m)，系数λ；(1) The interruption probability ε(m) given by the initialization system, the coefficient λ;
(2)根据公式(10)计算ρ(1)、ρ(2)；(2) Calculate ρ(1), ρ(2) according to formula (10);
(3)在基站总功率不变时，利用牛顿迭代法计算参数t；(3) When the total power of the base station is constant, use the Newton iteration method to calculate the parameter t;
(4)按照公式(11)、(12)计算功率P 1、P 2。 (4) Calculate the powers P 1 and P 2 according to formulas (11) and (12).
在本实施例中，SIC策略包括干扰视为噪声的方案N-SIC、将用户的干扰信号调制作为辅助信息的联合检测方案J-SIC、为两个用户交换信号外部解码信息的方案E-SIC。对N-SIC、J-SIC策略，距离基站近的用户1端先解码距离基站远的用户2信号，之后从总接收信号中减去用户2信号，接着解码用户1信号。对用户2接收端而言是直接解码自身信号。对E-SIC策略，用户1和用户2端通过交换解码器输出的外部信息并循环迭代实现译码。三种策略均有推导对应的信道似然比(Log-Likelihood Ratio，LLR)，之后采用BP译码算法可实现用户信号解码。In this embodiment, the SIC strategy includes a scheme N-SIC in which interference is regarded as noise, a joint detection scheme J-SIC in which the user's interference signal modulation is used as auxiliary information, and a scheme E-SIC in which external decoding information of signals is exchanged for two users . For N-SIC and J-SIC strategies, the user 1 terminal close to the base station first decodes the user 2 signal far away from the base station, then subtracts the user 2 signal from the total received signal, and then decodes the user 1 signal. For the receiving end of user 2, it directly decodes its own signal. For the E-SIC strategy, user 1 and user 2 implement decoding by exchanging the external information output by the decoder and iteratively. The three strategies all derive the corresponding channel likelihood ratio (Log-Likelihood Ratio, LLR), and then use the BP decoding algorithm to decode the user signal.
优选的，J-SIC策略具体为：将干扰信号视为辅助信息，利用干扰信号进行信号的译码，对于用户1端，先采用干扰消除算法解码用户2之后再解码用户1对于BP解码，解调器需要生成与每个比特相对应的信道对数似然比，并将其传递给解码器，所述信道对数似然比LLR用于译码x 2，如下式： Preferably, the J-SIC strategy is specifically: regard the interference signal as auxiliary information, use the interference signal to decode the signal, and for the user 1 end, first use the interference cancellation algorithm to decode the user 2, and then decode the BP decoding of the user 1. The modulator needs to generate a channel log-likelihood ratio corresponding to each bit and pass it to the decoder, the channel log-likelihood ratio LLR is used to decode x 2 , as follows:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000034
其中，
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000035
表示用户1的所有BPSK符号的集合,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000036
b 2,j对应用户2比特流的第j个比特，b 2,j∈{0,1}；r 1,j对应用户1接收机接收信号的第j个比特；计算出LLR后，执行BP解码算法恢复x 2；之后再次计算信道对数似然比LLR用于译码x 1，如下式： in,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000035
represents the set of all BPSK symbols for user 1,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000036
b 2,j corresponds to the jth bit of the bit stream of user 2, b 2,j ∈ {0,1}; r 1,j corresponds to the jth bit of the signal received by the receiver of user 1; after calculating the LLR, execute BP The decoding algorithm recovers x 2 ; then calculates the channel log-likelihood ratio LLR again for decoding x 1 , as follows:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000037
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000037
b 1,j对应用户1比特流的第j个比特，b 1,j∈{0,1}；
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000038
表示用户1接收机减去干扰信息后，信号的第j个比特。同样计算出LLR后，执行BP解码算法恢复。 b 1,j corresponds to the jth bit of the user 1 bit stream, b 1,j ∈{0,1};
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000038
Indicates the jth bit of the signal after subtracting the interference information from the receiver of User 1. After the LLR is also calculated, the BP decoding algorithm is executed to restore.
在本实施例中，所述E-SIC策略具体为：设用户1端有两个解码器，用户2的信号使用解码器2解码，解码器1解码用户1的信号；在用户2端只需要解码器2直接解码本身信号；解码器1和解码器2输出的外部信息在用户1端的解码器1和解码器2之间交换；In this embodiment, the E-SIC strategy is specifically as follows: it is assumed that user 1 has two decoders, the signal of user 2 is decoded by decoder 2, and the signal of user 1 is decoded by decoder 1; The decoder 2 directly decodes its own signal; the external information output by the decoder 1 and the decoder 2 is exchanged between the decoder 1 and the decoder 2 on the user 1 side;
在每次迭代中，必须对用户2信号先进行解码；然后，解码器2变量节点产生的相关联的外部信息作为先验信息被反馈到解码器1；随后是解码器1的解码迭代；最后，解码器1变量节点产生的相关联的软输出作为先验信息被反馈到解码器2，完成了一次迭代；In each iteration, the User 2 signal must be decoded first; then, the associated extrinsic information generated by the Decoder 2 variable node is fed back to Decoder 1 as a priori; followed by a decoding iteration of Decoder 1; and finally , the associated soft output generated by the variable node of decoder 1 is fed back to decoder 2 as a priori information, completing one iteration;
反复迭代，直到解码器校验成功或者不满足约定的循环条件，用户1端解码器2的LLR写为：Iterates repeatedly until the decoder verification succeeds or the agreed loop condition is not met, and the LLR of the decoder 2 on the user 1 side is written as:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000040
表示解码器2从解码器1得到的，关于用户1的外部信息；
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000040
Represents the external information about user 1 obtained by decoder 2 from decoder 1;
用户1端解码器1的LLR写为：The LLR of decoder 1 on the user 1 side is written as:
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000041
其中，
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000042
s表示用户2的所有BPSK符号的集合,s∈{-1,+1}。Pr 2(s)表示解码器1从解码器2得到的关于用户2的外部信息，在最终进行比特判决之前，执行q次这样的循环迭代。 in,
Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-000042
s represents the set of all BPSK symbols of user 2, s∈{-1,+1}. Pr 2 (s) represents the external information about user 2 obtained by decoder 1 from decoder 2, and performs q such loop iterations before finally making a bit decision.
参考图7-9，在本实施例中，图7为仅采用干扰消除算法N-SIC、J-SIC、E-SIC方案的误码率仿真图。可以看出E-SIC算法误码率最低，J-SIC次之，N-SIC最差。图8、图9均以在E-SIC算法基础上优化为例。图8是采用本发明联合功率分配-干扰消除的改进算法后的误码率仿真结果图，其中功率分配算法是采用基于公平系数Fairness的优化方案。这里给出了公平系数F为0.80、0.85、0.9的三种曲线，可以看出，在误码率达到10-4甚至更低时，融合功率分配的E-SIC干扰消除算法误码率显著降低。图9是采用基于中断概率的优化方案后误码率仿真结果，这里给出了中断概率outage为0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4五种曲线。同样，优化后的E-SIC干扰消除算法性能大幅度提升。可以看出，本发明提出的联合功率分配-干扰消除的改进算法，相比于不考虑功率优化的译码方案相比，在基站总功率不变时，可以显著降低系统的误码率，具有低复杂度且高效的译码性能。Referring to FIGS. 7-9 , in this embodiment, FIG. 7 is a simulation diagram of the bit error rate of the schemes using only interference cancellation algorithms N-SIC, J-SIC, and E-SIC. It can be seen that the E-SIC algorithm has the lowest bit error rate, followed by J-SIC and N-SIC the worst. Figures 8 and 9 both take optimization based on the E-SIC algorithm as an example. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the simulation result of the bit error rate after using the improved algorithm of joint power allocation and interference cancellation according to the present invention, wherein the power allocation algorithm adopts an optimization scheme based on fairness coefficient. Three curves with fairness coefficient F of 0.80, 0.85, and 0.9 are given here. It can be seen that when the bit error rate reaches 10-4 or even lower, the bit error rate of the E-SIC interference cancellation algorithm fused with power allocation is significantly reduced. . Fig. 9 is the simulation result of bit error rate after adopting the optimization scheme based on outage probability. Here, five curves of outage probability of outage of 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 are given. Similarly, the performance of the optimized E-SIC interference cancellation algorithm is greatly improved. It can be seen that, compared with the decoding scheme without considering power optimization, the improved algorithm of joint power allocation and interference cancellation proposed by the present invention can significantly reduce the bit error rate of the system when the total power of the base station is unchanged, and has Low complexity and efficient decoding performance.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

  1. 一种基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A method for decoding two-user downlinks of NOMA based on power allocation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
    步骤S1:基站产生待发送两用户信号，并对用户信号进行LDPC信道编码；Step S1: the base station generates two user signals to be sent, and carries out LDPC channel coding to the user signals;
    步骤S2:采用基于公平系数功率分配优化算法和中断概率的功率分配优化算法，通过改变公平系数和中断概率数值，得到两用户功率的最佳分配；Step S2: adopt the power distribution optimization algorithm based on the fairness coefficient power distribution optimization algorithm and the outage probability, and obtain the optimal distribution of the power of the two users by changing the fairness coefficient and the outage probability value;
    步骤S3:对两用户信号进行调制，调制后的用户信号通过信道到达用户1和用户2接收端；Step S3: two user signals are modulated, and the modulated user signals reach user 1 and user 2 receiving ends through the channel;
    步骤S4:接收端采用SIC策略来解码不同用户信号。Step S4: the receiving end uses the SIC strategy to decode different user signals.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法，其特征在于，所述基于公平系数功率分配优化算法，具体为：The NOMA two-user downlink decoding method based on power allocation according to claim 1, wherein the fair coefficient-based power allocation optimization algorithm is specifically:
    (1)设用户1是距离基站近的用户，也就是用户1的信道条件好，用户2是距离基站远的用户，也就是用户2的信道条件差，用户1、2的吞吐量表示为：(1) Suppose user 1 is a user close to the base station, that is, user 1 has good channel conditions, and user 2 is a user far away from the base station, that is, user 2 has poor channel conditions, and the throughputs of users 1 and 2 are expressed as:
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100002
    其系统的总吞吐量为R＝R 1+R 2 The total throughput of its system is R=R 1 +R 2
    定义公平系数F：Define the fairness factor F:
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100003
    公平系数表明系统容量在每个用户之间共享的程度，当F越接近1时，代表用户间的吞吐量越接近；The fairness coefficient indicates the degree to which the system capacity is shared among each user. When F is closer to 1, it means that the throughput between users is closer;
    在满足系统给定的公平系数F'指标下，最大化系统总吞吐量：Maximize the total throughput of the system under the fairness factor F' given by the system:
    maxmize Rmaxmize R
    subject to:P 1+P 2＝P subject to: P 1 +P 2 =P
    P 1≥0      (4) P 1 ≥ 0 (4)
    P 2≥0 P 2 ≥ 0
    F＞F'F>F'
    P是基站发射的总功率；P is the total power transmitted by the base station;
    用户1和用户2分配的功率为P 1和P 2，功率分配因子为α，则P 1＝α×P，P 2＝(1-α)×P The powers allocated by user 1 and user 2 are P 1 and P 2 , and the power allocation factor is α, then P 1 =α×P, P 2 =(1-α)×P
    (2)初始化功率分配因子α、公平系数F，吞吐量R 1、R 2； (2) Initialize the power allocation factor α, the fairness coefficient F, and the throughputs R 1 and R 2 ;
    (3)计算R 1和R 2，系统的总吞吐量R，公平系数F； (3) Calculate R 1 and R 2 , the total throughput R of the system, and the fairness coefficient F;
    (4)在符合公平系数的指标条件下，判断当前系统的总吞吐量是否为最大值；(4) Judging whether the total throughput of the current system is the maximum value under the index condition that meets the fairness coefficient;
    (5)判断功率因子是否满足预设约束条件，若是则以一定的步长递增，重复步骤(2)-(4)，直到找到最优的系统吞吐量。(5) Judging whether the power factor satisfies the preset constraint conditions, if so, increasing by a certain step size, and repeating steps (2)-(4) until the optimal system throughput is found.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法，其特征在于，所述基于中断概率的功率分配算法，具体为：The decoding method for two-user downlink of NOMA based on power allocation according to claim 1, wherein the power allocation algorithm based on interruption probability is specifically:
    设定最大中断概率的指标下，使得最弱用户的吞吐量最大，优化模型表示为以下形式：Under the index of the maximum interruption probability, the throughput of the weakest user is maximized, and the optimization model is expressed as the following form:
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100006
    其中
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100007
    ε(m)是系统给定的可容忍中断概率；m、j代表解码顺序(j＜m)，m＝1代表第一个解码；P out(m)代表用户m的中断概率,
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100008
    h m是第m个解码 用户和基站之间的信道系数，
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100009
    是用户j的目标速率，σ 2是高斯信道的方差。M是用户数，设ε(1)＝ε(2)，优化模型化简为：     in
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100007
    ε(m) is the tolerable outage probability given by the system; m, j represent the decoding order (j<m), m=1 represents the first decoding; P out (m) represents the outage probability of user m,
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100008
    h m is the channel coefficient between the mth decoded user and the base station,
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100009
    is the target rate for user j, and σ2 is the variance of the Gaussian channel. M is the number of users, set ε(1)=ε(2), the optimization model is simplified as:
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100011
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100011
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100012
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100012
    其中t是这一组非线性方程的参数，M＝2，得到：where t is the parameter of this set of nonlinear equations, and M=2, we get:
    P 2＝tρ(2)+t 2ρ(1)    (11) P 2 =tρ(2)+t 2 ρ(1) (11)
    P 1＝tρ(1)      (12) P 1 =tρ(1) (12)
    这是一组非线性方程，利用牛顿迭代法求出t，最终可以计算出P 1、P 2。 This is a set of nonlinear equations, and t is obtained by using the Newton iteration method, and finally P 1 and P 2 can be calculated.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法，其特征在于，所述基于中断概率的功率分配算法的分配策略，具体为：The NOMA two-user downlink decoding method based on power allocation according to claim 3, wherein the allocation strategy of the power allocation algorithm based on interruption probability is specifically:
    (1)初始化系统给定的中断概率ε(m)，系数λ；(1) The interruption probability ε(m) given by the initialization system, the coefficient λ;
    (2)根据公式(10)计算ρ(1)、ρ(2)；(2) Calculate ρ(1), ρ(2) according to formula (10);
    (3)在基站总功率不变时，利用牛顿迭代法计算参数t；(3) When the total power of the base station is constant, use the Newton iteration method to calculate the parameter t;
    (4)按照公式(11)、(12)计算功率P 1、P 2。 (4) Calculate the powers P 1 and P 2 according to formulas (11) and (12).
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法，其特征在于，所述SIC策略包括干扰视为噪声的方案N-SIC、将用户的干扰信号调制作为辅助信息的联合检测方案J-SIC、为两个用户交换信号外部解码信息的方案E-SIC。The NOMA two-user downlink decoding method based on power allocation according to claim 1, wherein the SIC strategy includes a scheme N-SIC in which interference is regarded as noise, a modulation of a user's interference signal as auxiliary information The joint detection scheme J-SIC, and the scheme E-SIC for exchanging signal external decoding information for two users.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法，其特征在于，所述J-SIC策略具体为：将干扰信号视为辅助信息，利用干扰信号进行 信号的译码，对于用户1端，先采用干扰消除算法解码用户2之后再解码用户1对于BP解码，解调器需要生成与每个比特相对应的信道对数似然比，并将其传递给解码器，所述信道对数似然比LLR用于译码x 2，如下式： The NOMA two-user downlink decoding method based on power allocation according to claim 5, characterized in that, the J-SIC strategy is specifically as follows: the interference signal is regarded as auxiliary information, and the signal is decoded by using the interference signal. For the user 1 side, the interference cancellation algorithm is used to decode user 2 and then user 1. For BP decoding, the demodulator needs to generate the channel log-likelihood ratio corresponding to each bit and pass it to the decoder. , the channel log-likelihood ratio LLR is used to decode x 2 , as follows:
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100013
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100013
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100014
    表示用户1的所有BPSK符号的集合,
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100015
    b 2,j对应用户2比特流的第j个比特，b 2,j∈{0,1}；r 1,j对应用户1接收机接收信号的第j个比特；计算出LLR后，执行BP解码算法恢复x 2；之后再次计算信道对数似然比LLR用于译码x 1，如下式：     in,
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100014
    represents the set of all BPSK symbols for user 1,
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100015
    b 2,j corresponds to the jth bit of the bit stream of user 2, b 2,j ∈ {0,1}; r 1,j corresponds to the jth bit of the signal received by the receiver of user 1; after calculating the LLR, execute BP The decoding algorithm recovers x 2 ; then calculates the channel log-likelihood ratio LLR again for decoding x 1 , as follows:
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100016
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100016
    b 1,j对应用户1比特流的第j个比特，b 1,j∈{0,1}；
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100017
    表示用户1接收机减去干扰信息后，信号的第j个比特。同样计算出LLR后，执行BP解码算法恢复。     b 1,j corresponds to the jth bit of the user 1 bit stream, b 1,j ∈{0,1};
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100017
    Indicates the jth bit of the signal after subtracting the interference information from the receiver of User 1. After the LLR is also calculated, the BP decoding algorithm is executed to restore.
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的基于功率分配的NOMA两用户下行链路的译码方法，其特征在于，所述E-SIC策略具体为：设用户1端有两个解码器，用户2的信号使用解码器2解码，解码器1解码用户1的信号；在用户2端只需要解码器2直接解码本身信号；解码器1和解码器2输出的外部信息在用户1端的解码器1和解码器2之间交换；The NOMA two-user downlink decoding method based on power allocation according to claim 5, characterized in that, the E-SIC strategy is specifically as follows: it is assumed that user 1 has two decoders, and the signal of user 2 uses Decoder 2 decodes, and decoder 1 decodes the signal of user 1; on the user 2 side, only decoder 2 directly decodes its own signal; the external information output by decoder 1 and decoder 2 is in decoder 1 and decoder 2 on user 1 side exchange between;
    在每次迭代中，必须对用户2信号先进行解码；然后，解码器2变量节点产生的相关联的外部信息作为先验信息被反馈到解码器1；随后是解码器1的解码迭 代；最后，解码器1变量节点产生的相关联的软输出作为先验信息被反馈到解码器2，完成了一次迭代；In each iteration, the User 2 signal must be decoded first; then, the associated extrinsic information generated by the Decoder 2 variable node is fed back to Decoder 1 as a priori; followed by a decoding iteration of Decoder 1; and finally , the associated soft output generated by the variable node of decoder 1 is fed back to decoder 2 as a priori information, completing one iteration;
    反复迭代，直到解码器校验成功或者不满足约定的循环条件，用户1端解码器2的LLR写为：Iterate repeatedly until the decoder check succeeds or the agreed loop condition is not met. The LLR of the decoder 2 at the user 1 end is written as:
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100018
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100018
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100019
    表示解码器2从解码器1得到的，关于用户1的外部信息；
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100019
    Represents the external information about user 1 obtained by decoder 2 from decoder 1;
    用户1端解码器1的LLR写为：The LLR of decoder 1 on the user 1 side is written as:
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100020
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100020
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100021
    s表示用户2的所有BPSK符号的集合,s∈{-1,+1}。Pr 2(s)表示解码器1从解码器2得到的关于用户2的外部信息，在最终进行比特判决之前，执行q次这样的循环迭代。     in,
    Figure PCTCN2021129181-appb-100021
    s represents the set of all BPSK symbols of user 2, s∈{-1,+1}. Pr 2 (s) represents the external information about user 2 obtained by decoder 1 from decoder 2, and performs q such loop iterations before finally making a bit decision.
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