WO2022156505A1 - 电机冷却系统、冷却方法和电机 - Google Patents

电机冷却系统、冷却方法和电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022156505A1
WO2022156505A1 PCT/CN2021/142892 CN2021142892W WO2022156505A1 WO 2022156505 A1 WO2022156505 A1 WO 2022156505A1 CN 2021142892 W CN2021142892 W CN 2021142892W WO 2022156505 A1 WO2022156505 A1 WO 2022156505A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
motor
gap
cooling system
outer ring
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PCT/CN2021/142892
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙明冲
赵慧超
暴杰
郭守仑
王金昊
赵越
于爽
田博
于拓舟
Original Assignee
中国第一汽车股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 filed Critical 中国第一汽车股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022156505A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022156505A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of motor cooling, for example, to a motor cooling system, a cooling method and a motor.
  • New energy electric vehicles use motors as power systems.
  • Commonly used motors include axial flux motors and radial flux motors.
  • Axial flux motors have the advantages of short axial size, compact structure, diverse structures, high power density and high efficiency. , and can follow the radial flux motor control method, which is more suitable for the power system of electric vehicles.
  • the increase in the power density of the axial flux motor also brings problems such as high motor load and high heat generation. Therefore, solving the problem of heat dissipation and cooling of the motor has become one of the important issues to improve the reliability of the motor.
  • the present application provides a motor cooling system to achieve simultaneous cooling of the stator winding and the pole shoe of the motor, and the cooling liquid is directly contacted with the stator winding and the pole shoe for cooling, thereby improving the cooling effect.
  • the present application provides a motor cooling method.
  • the first gap and the second gap form a cooling channel, and the cooling liquid simultaneously realizes the direct contact cooling of the stator winding and the pole shoe, and improves the cooling effect.
  • the application provides a motor, the motor cooling system of the motor can achieve simultaneous cooling of the stator winding and the pole piece, and the cooling liquid is directly contacted with the stator winding and the pole piece for cooling, thereby improving the cooling effect of the motor.
  • the present application adopts the following technical solutions.
  • a motor cooling system includes a motor stator and a winding assembly, an outer casing and an inner casing, wherein the motor stator and winding assembly are assembled between the outer casing and the inner casing to form In the annular space of The plurality of stator windings are mounted on the plurality of stator teeth around the plurality of stator teeth, and the incoming wires and outgoing wires of the plurality of stator windings are connected to the busbars and drawn out; the motor cooling system further includes: an encapsulation body, The package body includes a package outer ring, a package unit and a package inner ring, the package outer ring and the package inner ring are respectively abutted with the casing outer ring and the casing inner ring, and the packaging outer ring
  • the circumferential direction of the ring is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet;
  • the packaging unit is provided with a plurality of packaging units, and the plurality of packaging units are equally spaced along the circumferential direction in the
  • the multiple encapsulation units are in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple stator teeth, and the incoming wire and the outgoing wire of each stator winding pass through one encapsulation unit and the encapsulated outer ring in turn, and the adjacent two
  • the encapsulation units are staggered in the axial direction to form an S-shaped cooling channel between the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet; there are two stator clamping plates, and the two stator clamping plates are axially clamped. It is arranged at both ends of the motor stator and winding assembly, and is connected to the outer ring of the casing and the inner ring of the casing to seal the motor stator and winding assembly.
  • the package body is a magnetically conductive insulating material
  • each stator plate is a non-magnetically conductive insulating material.
  • the encapsulation body is made of epoxy resin material
  • each stator plate is made of polyether ether ketone, polycarbonate, acrylic or bakelite material.
  • each stator clamping plate is provided with a positioning slot, and there are multiple positioning slots, and the multiple positioning slots are matched with the end faces of the multiple stator teeth in the motor stator and winding assembly, so The end faces of the plurality of stator teeth are limited to the plurality of positioning grooves.
  • both ends along the axial direction of one encapsulation unit between the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet abut against both end surfaces of one stator tooth; the remaining encapsulation units
  • the two ends of the two adjacent encapsulation units in the axial direction alternately abut against the end faces of the opposite sides of the adjacent two stator teeth.
  • each encapsulation unit abuts the outer side surface of one stator winding.
  • the first gap is provided between the two ends of each stator winding in the axial direction and the two end faces of one stator tooth, the plurality of packaging units, the packaging outer ring and the packaging inner ring
  • the second gap is provided therebetween, and the first gap and the second gap communicate with each other and form an S-shaped cooling channel.
  • each stator tooth includes two half teeth, and the two half teeth respectively penetrate and connect from two sides of one stator winding in the axial direction.
  • a motor cooling method includes the following steps: encapsulating a motor stator and a winding assembly in an encapsulation body to form a first gap; sandwiching the encapsulated motor through two stator clamps Both ends of the stator and winding assembly, the two stator splints are connected to the outer ring of the casing and the inner ring of the casing to seal the packaged motor stator and winding assembly and form a second gap, the first The gap communicates with the second gap and forms an S-shaped cooling channel; the cooling liquid enters the second gap from the cooling liquid inlet to cool the plurality of stator teeth and pole pieces, and enters the second gap through the second gap A first gap to cool the plurality of stator windings.
  • a motor includes the motor cooling system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor stator and a winding assembly in a motor cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator winding and a busbar in a motor cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-phase lead wire of a busbar in a motor cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a neutral point connecting line in a motor cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a package body in a motor cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator splint in a motor cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of stator teeth in a motor cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of half teeth constituting stator teeth in a motor cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator winding in a motor cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the alternate arrangement of packaging units along the axial direction in the motor cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Case outer ring 3. Case inner ring; 4. Package body; 41. Package outer ring; 42. Package unit; 43. Package inner ring; 44. Coolant inlet; 45. Coolant outlet; 5. Stator splint; 51. Positioning slot.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • a first feature "on” or “under” a second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the first and second features Not directly but through additional features between them.
  • the first feature being “above”, “over” and “above” the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature is “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • the rock motor cooling system used in the related art usually focuses on cooling the stator winding of the motor, ignoring the cooling of the pole shoe, which is also a high heat generating component, so the overall cooling effect of the motor is not good.
  • the motor cooling system includes a motor stator and winding assembly 1, an outer casing 2 and an inner casing 3, and the motor stator and winding assembly 1 are assembled in In the annular space formed between the outer ring 2 of the casing and the inner ring 3 of the casing.
  • the motor stator and winding assembly 1 includes stator teeth 11, stator windings 12 and bus bars 13. There are multiple stator teeth 11, and the plurality of stator teeth 11 are located between the outer ring 2 of the casing and the inner ring 3 of the casing in the circumferential direction.
  • the motor cooling system provided by the present application further includes an encapsulation body 4 and a stator clamping plate 5. As shown in FIG. 6 , the encapsulation body 4 includes an encapsulation outer ring 41, an encapsulation unit 42 and an encapsulation inner ring 43.
  • the encapsulation outer ring 41 and the encapsulation inner ring 43 are respectively connected with The outer ring 2 of the casing and the inner ring 3 of the casing are abutted, and the outer ring 41 of the package is provided with a cooling liquid inlet 44 and a cooling liquid outlet 45 in the circumferential direction;
  • the inner ring between the outer rings 41 of the encapsulation is evenly spaced along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of encapsulation units 42 are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of stator teeth 11, and the incoming and outgoing wires of each stator winding 12 pass through one encapsulation unit in sequence.
  • the two adjacent encapsulation units 42 are staggered in the axial direction to form an S-shaped cooling channel between the cooling liquid inlet 44 and the cooling liquid outlet 45;
  • the stator plate 5 is provided with two, two stators
  • the clamping plates 5 are axially clamped at both ends of the motor stator and the winding assembly 1 , and are connected to the casing outer ring 2 and the casing inner ring 3 to seal the motor stator and the winding assembly 1 .
  • each stator winding 12 is made of flat wires, and the two ends of the wires are uniformly fixed at the upper middle position, which is a standard winding module.
  • the plurality of stator windings 12 are arranged in positive and negative directions according to the winding principle, and are evenly distributed in the annular space.
  • the busbar 13 includes three-phase outgoing wires and a neutral point connecting wire 14.
  • the neutral point connecting wire 14 is a ring-shaped structure, the outgoing wire of each stator winding 12 is welded to one side of the ring-shaped structure, and the outer parts of the plurality of stator windings 12 are respectively connected with the three-phase outgoing wires (including U-phase busbars, V-phase busbars and The W-phase busbar) and the neutral point connecting wire 14 are welded to form a winding assembly.
  • the encapsulation body 4 encapsulates the motor stator and the winding assembly 1
  • a first gap is formed between each stator tooth 11 and two ends of a stator winding 12, and two adjacent encapsulation units 42 are spaced apart to form a second gap.
  • the outer ring 2 of the casing, and the inner ring 3 of the casing are sandwiched with a plurality of stator teeth 11 and fixed and sealed, the first gap and the second gap are connected, and the plurality of encapsulation units 42 are staggered in the axial direction and arranged in the cooling fluid.
  • An S-shaped cooling channel is formed between the inlet 44 and the cooling liquid outlet 45. Combined with the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 6, when the cooling liquid enters the first and second gaps (the adjacent two The gap between the encapsulation units 42 ) can be in direct contact with the stator teeth 11 and the pole pieces 15 in the second gap to cool the stator teeth 11 and the pole pieces 15 .
  • the cooling liquid enters the inside of the packaging unit 42 through one side end (the front end shown in FIG. 6 ) of the staggered packaging units 42 and can directly contact the stator windings 12 to cool the stator windings 12; then the cooling liquid passes through the One end of the packaging unit 42 (the front end surface shown in FIG. 6 ) enters the second second gap, and enters the next packaging unit 42 through the rear end surface of the next packaging unit 42 , . . .
  • the stator teeth 11 , the pole pieces 15 and the plurality of stator windings 12 are cooled until the cooling liquid flows out of the cooling liquid outlet 45 .
  • the plurality of encapsulation units 42 are staggered in the axial direction, an S-shaped passage that is bent in the axial direction is formed, and the cooling liquid can directly contact the pole piece 15 and the plurality of stator windings 12 for cooling during the process, which significantly improves the stator
  • the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the windings greatly improves the heat dissipation capacity, solves the problem of heat dissipation and cooling of the axial flux motor, and further reduces the volume and improves the power density of the motor.
  • the encapsulation body 4 is a magnetically conductive insulating material
  • the stator clamping plate 5 is a non-magnetically conductive insulating material.
  • the package body 4 is made of epoxy resin material
  • the stator plate 5 is made of polyether ether ketone, polycarbonate, acrylic or bakelite material.
  • Polyetheretherketone has high strength, high modulus, high fracture toughness and excellent dimensional stability, and is non-conductive and non-magnetic, and is a good packaging material.
  • each stator clamping plate 5 is provided with a positioning slot 51 , and there are multiple positioning slots 51 , and the multiple positioning slots 51 are matched with the end faces of the plurality of stator teeth 11 in the motor stator and the winding assembly 1 .
  • the end faces of each stator tooth 11 are limited to the plurality of positioning grooves 51 .
  • the two stator clamping plates 5 can clamp the motor stator and the winding assembly 1 at both ends of the axial direction, so that the end of each stator tooth 11 can stop against In the positioning slot 51 , the positioning of the stator teeth 11 is stable and accurate, and at the same time, the clamping installation is realized, and the stability of the motor stator and the winding assembly 1 during the working process is improved.
  • the two ends of the two adjacent encapsulation units 42 in the axial direction alternately abut against the end faces of the opposite sides of the two adjacent stator teeth 11 .
  • the special packaging unit 421 in FIG. 6 is arranged between the cooling liquid inlet 44 and the cooling liquid outlet 45, and the cooling liquid enters the gap between the special packaging unit 421 and the adjacent packaging unit 42 through the cooling liquid inlet 44, that is, the second gap.
  • the second gap between the next encapsulation unit 42 adjacent to the encapsulation unit 42 and the encapsulation unit 42 is cooled in sequence. It can be seen that the arrangement of the special packaging units 421 can ensure the cooling direction of the cooling liquid, and the alternately arranged packaging units 42 are conducive to the formation of S-shaped cooling channels to improve the cooling effect. For the staggered distribution of the packaging units 42 in the axial direction, as shown in FIG.
  • the inner side wall of the encapsulation unit 42 abuts against the outer side surface of the stator winding 12 .
  • the stator winding 12 is encapsulated inside the encapsulation unit 42 , and the incoming and outgoing wires of the stator winding 12 pass through the encapsulation unit 42 and the encapsulation outer ring 41 , and are connected to the bus bar 13 .
  • the cooling liquid enters the inside of the packaging unit 42, the cooling liquid is in direct contact with the stator winding 12 to cool down, and the cooling efficiency is high.
  • a first gap is provided between the two ends of the stator winding 12 in the axial direction and the two end surfaces of the stator teeth 11, and a second gap is provided between the packaging unit 42, the packaging outer ring 41 and the packaging inner ring 43, The first gap and the second gap communicate and form an S-shaped cooling channel.
  • the vertical distance between the incoming wire and the outgoing wire of the stator winding 12 is smaller than the axial length of the stator teeth 11 , so when the cooling liquid enters the package
  • the cooling liquid can directly contact with the stator winding 12 in the first gap to achieve cooling and cooling, and the cooling effect is good.
  • the second gap is communicated with the cooling liquid inlet 44 and the cooling liquid outlet 45, and the second gap is communicated with the gap between the two ends of the two adjacent encapsulation units 42 in the axial direction and the end faces of the stator teeth 11. Due to the encapsulation
  • the units 42 are arranged alternately and staggered, thus forming an S-shaped cooling channel, increasing the residence time of the cooling liquid and improving the cooling effect.
  • each stator tooth 11 includes two half teeth 111 , and the two half teeth 111 are respectively penetrated and connected from both sides of the stator winding 12 in the axial direction, usually by bonding. It can be understood that, in order to facilitate installation, the two half teeth 111 of each stator tooth 11 can be axially inserted from the outside of the stator winding 12 and bonded to the inside of the stator winding 12 to form a single stator tooth. In order to ensure that the two half teeth 111 The positioning in the axial direction is accurate, and a concave-convex matching structure can be arranged on the bonding surface to improve the positioning and installation accuracy and the installation efficiency.
  • this embodiment provides a motor cooling method, including the following steps: S1, encapsulating the motor stator and the winding assembly 1 in the package body 4 to form a first gap; S2, passing the stator The splint 5 sandwiches the two ends of the encapsulated motor stator and the winding assembly 1, and the stator splint 5 is connected to the outer ring 2 of the casing and the inner ring 3 of the casing to seal the motor stator and the winding assembly 1 and form a second gap, The first gap and the second gap are communicated and form an S-shaped cooling channel; S3, the cooling liquid enters the second gap from the cooling liquid inlet 44 to cool the stator teeth 11 and the pole pieces 15, and enters the first gap through the second gap to cool the stator winding 12 .
  • the motor stator and the winding assembly 1 are encapsulated by the encapsulation body 4, and the motor stator and the winding assembly 1 are encapsulated by the stator splint 5, the outer ring 2 of the casing and the inner ring 3 of the casing, so as to form a connection with each other. Since the plurality of package units 42 in the package body 4 are staggered in the axial direction, an S-shaped cooling channel is formed in the circumferential direction, and the cooling liquid can directly contact the pole piece along the S-shaped cooling channel. 15 and the stator winding 12, to achieve high-efficiency cooling and cooling, and further reduce the volume and improve the power density of the motor.
  • This embodiment also provides a motor, such as an axial flux motor, including a motor cooling system.
  • a motor cooling system By using the motor cooling system, the stator winding 12 and the pole piece 15 are cooled at the same time, and the cooling liquid directly contacts the pole piece 15 and the stator winding 12 for cooling, which obviously improves the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the stator winding 12, greatly improves the heat dissipation capacity, and solves the problem of shaft The problem of heat dissipation and cooling to the flux motor is further reduced, and the power density of the motor is further reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种电机冷却系统、冷却方法和电机，电机冷却系统包括封装体（4）和两个定子夹板（5），封装体（4）包括多个封装单元（42），多个封装单元（42）与多个定子齿（11）一一对应，相邻的两个封装单元（42）沿轴向交错设置以在冷却液入口（44）和冷却液出口（45）之间形成第二间隙；两个定子夹板（5）沿轴向夹设在电机定子及绕组总成（1）的两端并连接于机壳外圈（2）和机壳内圈（3）以形成第一间隙，第一间隙和第二间隙连通并形成S型冷却通道。

Description

电机冷却系统、冷却方法和电机
本申请要求在2021年01月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110097531.7的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机冷却技术领域，例如涉及一种电机冷却系统、冷却方法和电机。
背景技术
新能源电动汽车以电机作为动力系统，常用电机有轴向磁通电机和径向磁通电机，轴向磁通电机由于具有轴向尺寸短、结构紧凑、结构多样、高功率密度和高效等优点，且可沿袭径向磁通电机控制方式，更适合于电动汽车的动力系统。轴向磁通电机功率密度提升随之也带来了电机高负荷、高发热等问题，因此解决电机散热冷却问题，成为提高电机可靠性的重要问题之一。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电机冷却系统，以实现电机的定子绕组和极靴的同时冷却，冷却液与定子绕组和极靴直接接触冷却，提高冷却效果。
本申请提供了一种电机冷却方法，通过设置第一间隙和第二间隙，使得第一间隙和第二间隙形成冷却通道，冷却液同时实现的定子绕组和极靴的直接接触冷却，提高冷却效果。
本申请提供了一种电机，该电机的电机冷却系统能够实现定子绕组和极靴的同时冷却，冷却液与定子绕组和极靴直接接触冷却，提高电机冷却效果。
本申请采用以下技术方案。
一种电机冷却系统，包括电机定子及绕组总成、机壳外圈和机壳内圈，所述电机定子及绕组总成装配在所述机壳外圈和所述机壳内圈之间形成的环形空间内；所述电机定子及绕组总成包括定子齿、定子绕组和汇流排，所述定子齿设有多个，所述多个定子齿沿圆周方向均匀分布，所述定子绕组设有多个，所述多个定子绕组环绕安装于所述多个定子齿上，所述多个定子绕组的进线和出线连接于所述汇流排引出；所述电机冷却系统还包括：封装体，所述封装体包括封装外圈、封装单元和封装内圈，所述封装外圈和所述封装内圈分别与所述机壳外圈和所述机壳内圈贴靠，所述封装封外圈的周向设有冷却液入口和冷却 液出口；所述封装单元设有多个，所述多个封装单元在所述封装内圈和所述封装外圈之间的圆环内沿周向间隔均布，所述多个封装单元与所述多个定子齿一一对应，每个定子绕组的所述进线和所述出线依次穿设一个封装单元和所述封装外圈，相邻的两个封装单元沿轴向交错设置以在所述冷却液入口和所述冷却液出口之间形成S型冷却通道；定子夹板，所述定子夹板设有两个，所述两个定子夹板沿轴向夹设在所述电机定子及绕组总成的两端，并连接于所述机壳外圈和机壳内圈以将所述电机定子及绕组总成密封。
可选地，所述封装体为导磁的绝缘材料，每个定子夹板为不导磁的绝缘材料。
可选地，所述封装体为环氧树脂材料，每个定子夹板为聚醚醚酮、聚碳酸酯、亚克力或电木板材料。
可选地，每个定子夹板上设有定位槽，所述定位槽设有多个，所述多个定位槽与所述电机定子及绕组总成中所述多个定子齿的端面配合，所述多个定子齿的所述端面限位于所述多个定位槽内。
可选地，所述多个封装单元中，所述冷却液入口和所述冷却液出口之间的一个封装单元的沿轴向的两端止抵于一个定子齿的两端面上；其余封装单元中相邻的两个封装单元的沿轴向的两端依次交替止抵于相邻的两个定子齿的异侧的端面上。
可选地，每个封装单元的内侧壁贴靠一个定子绕组的外侧面。
可选地，每个定子绕组的沿轴向的两端与一个定子齿的两端面之间设有所述第一间隙，所述多个封装单元、所述封装外圈和所述封装内圈之间设有所述第二间隙，所述第一间隙和所述第二间隙连通并形成S型冷却通道。
可选地，每个定子齿包括两个半齿，所述两个半齿分别从一个定子绕组的沿轴向的两侧穿设并连接。
一种电机冷却方法，根据所述电机冷却系统，所述电机冷却方法包括如下步骤：将电机定子及绕组总成封装在封装体内并形成第一间隙；通过两个定子夹板夹设封装后的电机定子及绕组总成的两端，所述两个定子夹板连接于机壳外圈和机壳内圈以将所述封装后的电机定子及绕组总成密封并形成第二间隙，所述第一间隙和所述第二间隙连通并形成S型冷却通道；冷却液从冷却液入口进入所述第二间隙以对多个定子齿和极靴进行冷却，并通过所述第二间隙中进入所述第一间隙以对多个定子绕组进行冷却。
一种电机，包括所述电机冷却系统。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的电机冷却系统的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的电机冷却系统中电机定子和绕组总成的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的电机冷却系统中定子绕组和汇流排的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的电机冷却系统中汇流排三相引出线的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的电机冷却系统中中性点连接线的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的电机冷却系统中封装体的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的电机冷却系统中定子夹板的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的电机冷却系统中定子齿的分布示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的电机冷却系统中构成定子齿的半齿的结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的电机冷却系统中一个定子绕组的结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的电机冷却系统中封装单元沿轴向交替设置示意图。
图中：
1.电机电子和绕组总成；11.定子齿；111.半齿；12.定子绕组；13.汇流排；14.中性点连接线；15.极靴；
2.机壳外圈；3.机壳内圈；4.封装体；41.封装外圈；42.封装单元；43.封装内圈；44.冷却液入口；45.冷却液出口；5.定子夹板；51.定位槽。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请进行说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的实施例仅仅用于解释本申请，而非对本申请的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本申请相关的部分而非全部结构。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于 本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据情况理解上述术语在本申请中的含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“右”、等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
相关技术中采用的磐石电机冷却系统通常都是集中在对电机的定子绕组进行冷却，而忽略了对极靴的冷却，而极靴也是高发热部件，因此电机的整体冷却效果不佳。
结合图1至图11所示，对本申请提供的一种电机冷却系统、电机冷却方法和电机进行说明。
本申请首先提供一种电机冷却系统，如图1-图5，电机冷却系统包括电机定子及绕组总成1、机壳外圈2和机壳内圈3，电机定子及绕组总成1装配在机壳外圈2和机壳内圈3之间形成的环形空间内。电机定子及绕组总成1包括定子齿11、定子绕组12和汇流排13，定子齿11设有多个，多个定子齿11沿圆周方向在机壳外圈2和机壳内圈3之间形成的环形空间内均匀分布，定子绕组12设有多个，多个定子绕组12环绕安装于多个定子齿11上，多个定子绕组12的进线和出线连接于汇流排13引出。本申请提供的电机冷却系统还包括封装体4和定子夹板5，如图6，封装体4包括封装外圈41、封装单元42和封装内圈43，封装外圈41和封装内圈43分别与机壳外圈2和机壳内圈3贴靠，封装外圈41的周向设有冷却液入口44和冷却液出口45；封装单元42设有多个，多个封装单元42在封装内圈43和封装外圈41之间的圆环内沿周向间隔均布，多个封装单元42与多个定子齿11一一对应，，饿哦个定子绕组12的进线和出线依次穿设一个封装单元42和封装外圈41，相邻的两个封装单元42沿轴向交错设置以在冷却液入口44和冷却液出口45之间形成S型冷却通道；定子夹板5设有两个，两个定子夹板5沿轴向夹设在电机定子及绕组总成1的两端，并连接于机壳外圈2和机壳内圈3以将电机定子及绕组总成1密封。
本实施例提供的电机定子和绕组总成1中，如图3和图10所示，每个定子绕组12由扁线绕制而成，两头统一出线固定在上部中间位置，为标准绕组模块。多个定子绕组12按照绕组原理进行正反布置，均匀分布在环形空间内，如图2-图5所示，汇流排13包括三相引出线和中性点连接线14，中性点连接线14为圆环形结构，每个定子绕组12的出线焊接于该圆环形结构的一侧，多个定子绕组12的外部分别与三相引出线(包括U相汇流排、V相汇流排和W相汇流排)和中性点连接线14等焊接后形成绕组总成。封装体4封装电机定子和绕组总成1后，每个定子齿11与一个定子绕组12的两端之间形成第一间隙，相邻的两个封装单元42间隔分布形成第二间隙，两个定子夹板5和机壳外圈2、机壳内圈3夹设多个定子齿11并固定密封后，第一间隙和第二间隙连通，多个封装单元42沿轴向交错设置并在冷却液入口44和冷却液出口45之间形成S型冷却通道，结合图6中所示箭头方向，当冷却液从机壳外圈2通过冷却液入口44进入第一个第二间隙(相邻两个封装单元42之间的间隙)，能够与第二间隙内的定子齿11和极靴15直接接触，以冷却定子齿11和极靴15。冷却液通过交错设置的封装单元42的一侧端部(图6中所示的前端面)进入封装单元42内部并能够直接接触定子绕组12，对定子绕组12实现冷却；然后冷却液再次通过该封装单元42的一侧端部(图6中所示的前端面)进入第二个第二间隙，通过下一个封装单元42的后端面进入该下一个封装单元42，……，依次实现对多个定子齿11、极靴15和多个定子绕组12的冷却，直到冷却液从冷却液出口45流出。可以理解，由于多个封装单元42沿轴向交错分布，因此形成沿轴向弯曲的S型通过，冷却液在流程过程中能够与极靴15和多个定子绕组12直接接触冷却，明显改善定子绕组温度分布的均匀性、大大提高散热能力，解决轴向磁通电机散热冷却问题，进一步缩小体积提高电机的功率密度。
可选地，封装体4为导磁的绝缘材料，定子夹板5为不导磁的绝缘材料。封装体4为环氧树脂材料，定子夹板5为聚醚醚酮、聚碳酸酯、亚克力或电木板材料。聚醚醚酮具有高强度、高模量、高断裂韧性以及优良的尺寸稳定性，并且不导电不导磁，是良好的封装材料。
如图7所示，每个定子夹板5上设有定位槽51，定位槽51设有多个，多个定位槽51与电机定子及绕组总成1中多个定子齿11的端面配合，多个定子齿11的端面限位于多个定位槽51内。当电机定子和绕组总成1封装在环形空间内后，两个定子夹板5能够沿轴向的两端夹设电机定子和绕组总成1，并使得每个定子齿11的端部能够止抵在定位槽51内，使得定子齿11的定位稳定精确，同时实现夹紧安装，提高电机定子和绕组总成1在工作过程中的稳定性。
结合图6和图11，多个封装单元42中，冷却液入口44和冷却液出口45之间的一个封装单元42的沿轴向的两端均止抵于一个定子齿11的两端面上；其 余封装单元42中相邻的两个封装单元42的沿轴向的两端依次交替止抵于相邻的两个定子齿11的异侧的端面上。图6中的特殊封装单元421设于冷却液入口44和冷却液出口45之间，冷却液通过冷却液入口44进入特殊封装单元421与相邻的封装单元42的间隙，即第二间隙，实现对定子齿11和极靴15的冷却，进而再通过相邻的封装单元42的沿轴向的一侧端面进入该封装单元42的内部，直接接触定子绕组12以冷却，最后再从该端面进入与该封装单元42相邻的下一个封装单元42与该封装单元42的第二间隙，依次实现冷却。可见，特殊封装单元421的设置可以确保冷却液的冷却方向，交替设置的封装单元42，利于形成S型的冷却通道，以提高冷却效果。对于封装单元42的沿轴向交错分布，如图11所示，对于相邻的两个封装单元42，在沿轴向的同一个平面内具有高度差L，当所有封装单元42的沿轴向的长度相同时，第一组封装单元42的端面均沿轴向突出于交替设置的第二组封装单元42的端面，沿轴向的另一个端面具有相反的高度差，由此在周向形成S型通道，冷却液每次经过封装单元42的端面时能够进入封装单元42的内部以对定子绕组12进行接触冷却。
可选地，封装单元42的内侧壁贴靠定子绕组12的外侧面。可以理解，定子绕组12封装在封装单元42内部，定子绕组12的进线和出线穿设封装单元42和封装外圈41，接入汇流排13，因此将封装单元42贴靠定子绕组12的外侧面，利于形成稳定的安装，并且冷却液在封装单元42外侧的时候可以通过封装单元42的侧壁与定子绕组12实现换热降温。当冷却液进入封装单元42内部时，冷却液与定子绕组12直接接触降温，降温效率高。
可选地，定子绕组12的沿轴向的两端与定子齿11的两端面之间设有第一间隙，封装单元42、封装外圈41和封装内圈43之间设有第二间隙，第一间隙和第二间隙连通并形成S型冷却通道。
可以理解，如图10所示，定子绕组12的进线和出线之间的垂直距离即定子绕组12的沿轴向的长度，小于定子齿11的沿轴向的长度，因此当冷却液进入封装单元42内部时，冷却液可以在第一间隙内与定子绕组12直接接触实现降温冷却，冷却效果好。第二间隙是与冷却液入口44和冷却液出口45连通的，第二间隙通过相邻的两个封装单元42的沿轴向的两端与定子齿11的端面之间的缝隙连通，由于封装单元42是交替错开设置，因此形成S型的冷却通道，增加冷却液的停留时间，提高冷却效果。
结合图8和图9，每个定子齿11包括两个半齿111，两个半齿111分别从定子绕组12的沿轴向的两侧穿设并连接，通常采用粘接方式。可以理解，为了便于安装，每个定子齿11的两个半齿111能够沿轴向从定子绕组12的外侧穿设并在定子绕组12内侧粘接形成单定子齿，为了保证两个半齿111在轴向的定 位准确，可以在粘接面上设置凹凸配合结构，以提高定位安装精度和提高安装效率。
基于上述实施例提供的电机冷却系统，本实施例提供一种电机冷却方法，包括如下步骤：S1，将电机定子及绕组总成1封装在封装体4内并形成第一间隙；S2，通过定子夹板5夹设封装后的电机定子及绕组总成1的两端，定子夹板5连接于机壳外圈2和机壳内圈3以将电机定子及绕组总成1密封并形成第二间隙，第一间隙和第二间隙连通并形成S型冷却通道；S3，冷却液从冷却液入口44进入第二间隙以对定子齿11和极靴15进行冷却，并通过第二间隙中进入第一间隙以对定子绕组12进行冷却。
本实施例的电机冷却方法，通过封装体4封装电机定子和绕组总成1，并采用定子夹板5、机壳外圈2和机壳内圈3封装电机定子和绕组总成1，形成相互连通的第一间隙和第二间隙，由于封装体4内的多个封装单元42在沿轴向具有交错分布，因此在圆周方向形成S型冷却通道，冷却液沿S型冷却通道可以直接接触极靴15和定子绕组12，实现高效率的冷却降温了，进一步缩小体积提高电机的功率密度。
本实施例还提供一种电机，例如是一种轴向磁通电机，包括电机冷却系统。通过采用电机冷却系统，对定子绕组12和极靴15同时冷却，并且是冷却液直接接触极靴15和定子绕组12冷却，明显改善定子绕组12温度分布的均匀性、大大提高散热能力，解决轴向磁通电机散热冷却问题，进一步缩小体积提高电机的功率密度。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电机冷却系统，包括电机定子及绕组总成(1)、机壳外圈(2)和机壳内圈(3)，所述电机定子及绕组总成(1)装配在所述机壳外圈(2)和所述机壳内圈(3)之间形成的环形空间内；所述电机定子及绕组总成(1)包括定子齿(11)、定子绕组(12)和汇流排(13)，所述定子齿(11)设有多个，所述多个定子齿(11)沿圆周方向均匀分布，所述定子绕组(12)设有多个，所述多个定子绕组(12)环绕安装于所述多个定子齿(11)上，所述多个定子绕组(12)的进线和出线连接于所述汇流排(13)引出；所述电机冷却系统还包括：
    封装体(4)，所述封装体(4)包括封装外圈(41)、封装单元(42)和封装内圈(43)，所述封装外圈(41)和所述封装内圈(43)分别与所述机壳外圈(2)和所述机壳内圈(3)贴靠，所述封装外圈(41)的周向设有冷却液入口(44)和冷却液出口(45)；所述封装单元(42)设有多个，所述多个封装单元(42)在所述封装内圈(43)和所述封装外圈(41)之间的圆环内沿周向间隔均布，所述多个封装单元(42)与所述多个定子齿(11)一一对应，所每个定子绕组(12)的所述进线和所述出线依次穿设一个封装单元(42)和所述封装外圈(41)，相邻的两个封装单元(42)沿轴向交错设置以在所述冷却液入口(44)和所述冷却液出口(45)之间形成第二间隙；
    定子夹板(5)，所述定子夹板(5)设有两个，所述两个定子夹板(5)沿轴向夹设在封装后的电机定子及绕组总成(1)的两端，并连接于所述机壳外圈(2)和机壳内圈(3)以将所述封装后的电机定子及绕组总成(1)密封形成第一间隙，所述第一间隙和所述第二间隙连通并形成S型冷却通道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机冷却系统，其中，所述封装体(4)为导磁的绝缘材料，每个定子夹板(5)为不导磁的绝缘材料。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机冷却系统，其中，所述封装体(4)为环氧树脂材料，每个定子夹板(5)为聚醚醚酮、聚碳酸酯、亚克力或电木板材料。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电机冷却系统，其中，每个定子夹板(5)上设有定位槽(51)，所述定位槽(51)设有多个，所述多个定位槽(51)与所述电机定子及绕组总成(1)中的所述多个定子齿(11)的端面配合，所述多个定子齿(11)的所述端面限位于所述多个定位槽(51)内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电机冷却系统，其中，所述多个封装单元(42)中，所述冷却液入口(44)和所述冷却液出口(45)之间的一个封装单元(42)的沿轴向的两端止抵于一个定子齿(11)的两个端面上；其余封装单元(42)中相邻的两个封装单元(42)的沿轴向的两端依次交替止抵于相邻的两个定子齿 (11)的异侧的端面上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电机冷却系统，其中，每个封装单元(42)的内侧壁贴靠一个定子绕组(12)的外侧面。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的电机冷却系统，其中，每个定子绕组的沿轴向的两端与一个定子齿(11)的两个端面之间设有所述第一间隙，所述多个封装单元(42)、所述封装外圈(41)和所述封装内圈(43)之间设有所述第二间隙，所述第一间隙和所述第二间隙连通并形成S型冷却通道。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电机冷却系统，其中，每个定子齿(11)包括两个半齿(111)，所述两个半齿(111)分别从一个定子绕组(12)的沿轴向的两侧穿设并连接。
  9. 一种电机冷却方法，根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电机冷却系统，所述电机冷却方法包括如下步骤：
    将电机定子及绕组总成(1)封装在封装体(4)内并形成第一间隙；
    通过两个定子夹板(5)夹设封装后的电机定子及绕组总成(1)的两端，所述两个定子夹板(5)连接于机壳外圈(2)和机壳内圈(3)以将所述封装后的电机定子及绕组总成(1)密封并形成第二间隙，所述第一间隙和所述第二间隙连通并形成S型冷却通道；
    S3，冷却液从冷却液入口(44)进入所述第二间隙以对多个定子齿(11)和极靴(15)进行冷却，并通过所述第二间隙中进入所述第一间隙以对多个定子绕组(12)进行冷却。
  10. 一种电机，包括权利要求1-8中任意一项所述电机冷却系统。
PCT/CN2021/142892 2021-01-25 2021-12-30 电机冷却系统、冷却方法和电机 WO2022156505A1 (zh)

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