WO2022151468A1 - 一种水轮机以及水力发电机 - Google Patents

一种水轮机以及水力发电机 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2022151468A1
WO2022151468A1 PCT/CN2021/072438 CN2021072438W WO2022151468A1 WO 2022151468 A1 WO2022151468 A1 WO 2022151468A1 CN 2021072438 W CN2021072438 W CN 2021072438W WO 2022151468 A1 WO2022151468 A1 WO 2022151468A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
water wheel
ring
fixing ring
wheel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/072438
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑青焕
Original Assignee
深圳广蓝电力有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳广蓝电力有限公司 filed Critical 深圳广蓝电力有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/072438 priority Critical patent/WO2022151468A1/zh
Priority to KR1020227032031A priority patent/KR20220139395A/ko
Publication of WO2022151468A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022151468A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/02—Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/02—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side of rotors, e.g. Francis turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16—Stators
    • F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05B2220/32—Application in turbines in water turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/14—Casings, housings, nacelles, gondels or the like, protecting or supporting assemblies there within
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/24—Rotors for turbines
    • F05B2240/242—Rotors for turbines of reaction type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of power generation equipment, and in particular, to a hydraulic turbine and a hydraulic generator.
  • the core component of the hydroelectric generator can be divided into two categories: impact turbine and impact turbine according to the working principle.
  • impact turbine the runner of the impingement turbine is rotated by the impact of the water flow.
  • the pressure of the water flow remains unchanged, and the conversion of kinetic energy is mainly realized.
  • bucket type bucket type
  • oblique type the structure of oblique type turbine is basically the same as that of bucket type turbine, but the jet direction of oblique type turbine has an inclination angle, and it is only used for small units.
  • the runner of the impact turbine is rotated by the reaction force of the water flow in the water. During the working process, the potential energy and kinetic energy of the water flow are changed, but the main energy is the conversion of potential energy.
  • the impact turbine can be divided into Francis flow, axial flow, oblique flow and tubular flow.
  • the water flow enters radially and flows axially out of the shaft; in an axial flow turbine, the water flow enters radially, enters and exits the runner axially; in a diagonal flow turbine, the water flow enters radially and interacts with the power generation
  • the main shaft of the machine enters the runner at an angle or enters the runner in a direction inclined to the main shaft; in a tubular turbine, the water flow enters and exits the runner in the axial direction.
  • the impact turbine is suitable for high water level and low water pressure
  • Francis turbine is suitable for high water level and high flow
  • tubular turbine is suitable for low water level and large flow.
  • the existing hydraulic turbines have a certain water leakage rate, which reduces the power generation efficiency of the hydraulic turbines, resulting in a wide variety of existing hydraulic turbines and a single applicable water flow environment for each type of hydraulic turbines.
  • One of the objectives of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a water turbine and a hydroelectric generator, aiming to solve the technical problem that a single type of water turbine cannot be applied to various water flow environments in the prior art.
  • a water turbine includes:
  • the shell is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water outlet is provided with one or two, the two water outlets are symmetrically arranged relative to the water inlet, and the opening direction of the water inlet is The radial direction of the casing, and the opening direction of the water outlet is the axial direction of the casing;
  • a generator arranged in the casing, one end of the rotating shaft of the generator extends to the water outlet, or both ends of the rotating shaft of the generator extend to the corresponding water outlet respectively;
  • the water wheel assembly has the same number as the water outlet, the water wheel assembly is arranged at the corresponding water outlet and is connected with the rotating shaft; the radial water flows into the casing through the water inlet, and After changing the direction of water flow at the water outlet to an axial water flow, the water wheel assembly is driven to rotate to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, so that the generator generates electricity.
  • the casing is provided with a water flow guide assembly at the water outlet, the water flow guide assembly has the same number as the water outlet, and the water flow guide assembly can guide the water flow in the casing. The direction is changed from axial water flow at the water outlet to radial water flow impinging on the water wheel assembly.
  • the housing includes a mounting plate, an arc-shaped plate with both ends fixed on the mounting plate at intervals, and two side plates respectively disposed on both sides of the arc-shaped plate, and the water outlets are respectively
  • the water inlet is arranged on each of the side plates, the water inlet is arranged on the mounting plate, and an arc-shaped channel is formed between the generator and the arc-shaped plate after being installed in the casing.
  • the radial section of the arc-shaped plate is C-shaped or G-shaped.
  • the mounting plate is provided with a guide plate at the water inlet, and the guide plate is inclined upward, downward or horizontally arranged so that the radial water flowing at the water inlet enters the water inlet.
  • the flow directions of the arc-shaped passages are the same in the housing.
  • the generator further includes a generator body, the rotating shaft is disposed in the generator body, two ends of the rotating shaft protrude from the generator body, and the ends of the rotating shaft are provided with a first mounting flange, the end of the generator body is provided with a second mounting flange, the first mounting flange is connected with the water wheel assembly, and the second mounting flange is connected with the water flow guide assembly connect.
  • the water flow guide assembly includes a first fixed ring, a second fixed ring, and a plurality of guide vanes spaced between the first fixed ring and the second fixed ring, the guide vanes
  • the two ends of the bracket are respectively fixedly connected with the first fixing ring and the second fixing ring, the second fixing ring is connected with the side plate, and the first fixing ring is connected with the second mounting flange to The generator is secured within the housing.
  • the water wheel assembly includes a water wheel fixing ring, a plurality of water wheel blades arranged on the water wheel fixing ring at intervals and a plurality of water wheel blades fixed on one end of the water wheel fixing ring and sealing multiple A water wheel disk on the same side of the water wheel blades and a mounting ring fixed on the other side of the plurality of water wheel blades, there is a gap between the mounting ring and the water wheel fixing ring to allow radial water flow It flows into the gap between two adjacent water wheel blades and flows out along the radial direction of the water wheel fixing ring after being blocked and reversed by the water wheel disc.
  • the water wheel fixing ring and the first installation Flange connection is provided.
  • a labyrinth sealing ring is provided between the mounting ring and the second fixing ring.
  • the section of the labyrinth sealing ring is U-shaped or E-shaped, and several grooves are provided on the outer surface of the sealing ring.
  • the water flow reversing column there is a water flow reversing column between the water wheel fixing ring and the water wheel disc, the water flow reversing column is coaxial with the water wheel fixing ring, and the water wheel reversing column is The direction from the mounting ring to the water wheel disc is in the shape of a gradually expanding cone.
  • the water wheel assembly includes a water wheel fixing ring, a water wheel guide ring, and a plurality of water wheel blades spaced between the water wheel fixing ring and the water wheel guide ring.
  • the wheel fixing ring is connected with the first installation flange, and the water wheel fixing ring, the water wheel guide ring and the water wheel blades rotate synchronously.
  • the water wheel assembly includes a water wheel fixing ring, a water wheel guide ring, and a plurality of water wheel blades spaced between the water wheel fixing ring and the water wheel guide ring.
  • One end of the wheel blade is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the water wheel fixing ring, the other end of the water wheel blade and the water wheel guide ring are arranged in a gap, and the water wheel fixing ring is connected to the first installation method.
  • the water wheel guide ring is connected with the second fixing ring.
  • the housing is provided with a handle.
  • a hydroelectric generator including the above-mentioned hydroturbine.
  • the beneficial effect of the water turbine provided by the embodiment of the present application is that by setting one or two water outlets on the casing, the number of water wheel assemblies to be installed can be selected according to the water level, and the following advantages are provided when two water wheel assemblies are provided: On the one hand, under the same water flow conditions, the two water wheel assemblies are easier to drive, so that the water flow can be better utilized and adapted to the water flow environment, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the water turbine; The force exerted by the component on the rotating shaft of the generator is more uniform, which has a good protective effect on the generator; thirdly, the overall size of the water turbine can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the cost, and due to the symmetrical arrangement of the two water wheel components, a single water wheel The component requires less water flow impact force, so it can be applied to different water flow environments, improving the applicability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a water turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a water turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a casing in a water turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a generator in a water turbine provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a water flow guide assembly in a water turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a first structural schematic diagram of a water wheel assembly in a water turbine provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic exploded structure diagram of the first structure of the water wheel assembly in the water turbine provided by the embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a labyrinth sealing ring in a water turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a water wheel assembly in a water turbine provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic partial exploded structural diagram of the second structure of the water wheel assembly in the water turbine provided by the embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 11 is a third structural schematic diagram of a water wheel assembly in a water turbine provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial exploded structural schematic diagram of the third structure of the water wheel assembly in the water turbine provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • the water turbine includes a casing 1 , a generator 2 and a water wheel assembly 3 .
  • the housing 1 is provided with a water inlet 111 and one or two water outlets 131 .
  • the two water outlets 131 are symmetrically arranged relative to the water inlet 111, and the opening direction of the water inlet 111 is the radial direction of the casing 1, that is, the water flow into the casing 1 through the water inlet 111 is a radial water flow, and the water outlet 131
  • the opening direction of the water outlet is the axial direction, that is, the water flow out of the casing 1 through the water outlet 131 is the axial water flow.
  • one water outlet 131 When one water outlet 131 is provided, one water wheel assembly 3 is provided, the generator 2 is provided in the housing 1, and one end of the rotating shaft 22 of the generator 2 extends to the water outlet 131; when two water outlets 131 are provided, the water wheel Two components 3 are provided, and the two ends of the rotating shaft 22 of the generator 2 respectively extend to the corresponding water outlets 131, that is, the number of the water wheel components 3 is the same as the number of the water outlets 131; There are two water outlets 131 which will be described in detail.
  • the water wheel assembly 3 is provided with two water outlets 131 and connected to one end of the rotating shaft 22 respectively; the water flows radially into the casing 1 through the water inlet 111 and flows out of the casing at the water outlet 131 At 1, the water flow direction changes to axial water flow out of the casing 1, and drives the water wheel assembly 3 to rotate to drive the rotating shaft 22 to rotate.
  • the generator 2 When the rotating shaft 22 rotates, the generator 2 generates electricity.
  • the radial direction involved may be referenced to the radial direction of the rotating shaft 22
  • the axial direction involved may be referenced to the axial direction of the rotating shaft 22 .
  • the number of the water wheel assemblies 3 can be selected according to the specific situation of the water level.
  • the water flow is high water level and high water pressure
  • one water wheel assembly 3 can be installed; when the water flow is high water level and high water pressure or low water level and low water pressure, two water wheel assemblies 3 can be installed, and two water wheel assemblies 3 can be installed at this time.
  • the wheel assembly 3 has the following advantages: firstly, under the same water flow condition, the two water wheel assemblies 3 can better utilize the water flow, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the water turbine, and the two water wheel assemblies 3 can be applied to The water flow situation of low water level or high water level improves the applicability; secondly, the force exerted by the two water wheel assemblies 3 on the rotating shaft 22 of the generator 2 is more uniform, and has a good protective effect on the generator 2; thirdly, The overall size of the water turbine can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the cost, and because the two water wheel assemblies 3 are symmetrically arranged, they can be applied to different water flow environments, and the applicable capability is improved.
  • the housing 1 includes a mounting plate 11 , an arc-shaped plate 12 fixed on the mounting plate 11 at both ends, and two pieces respectively disposed on both sides of the arc-shaped plate 12 .
  • each water outlet 131 is arranged on the corresponding side plate 13 , that is, one water outlet 131 is arranged on one side plate 13
  • the water inlet 111 is arranged on the mounting plate 11 .
  • the mounting plate 11 is a rectangular plate, a plurality of fasteners are arranged around the mounting plate 11, and the fasteners are high-strength bolts for installing the water turbine in a water flow environment.
  • Both ends of the arc-shaped plate 12 are sealedly connected to the mounting plate 11 by welding, and the two side plates 13 are sealed and connected to the arc-shaped plate 12 and the mounting plate 11 respectively by welding.
  • the casing 1 of this embodiment has the advantages of simple manufacture and low cost.
  • An observation window 122 is provided on the arc-shaped plate 12 , and the function of the observation window 122 is to facilitate the confirmation of whether there is any impurities in the casing 1 .
  • the installation plate 11 , the side plate 13 and the arc-shaped plate 12 are sealed and connected to each other, there is an installation cavity inside, and the generator 2 is installed in the installation cavity.
  • the surface of the casing 1 is coated with anti-rust paint.
  • the radial section of the arc-shaped plate 12 is C-shaped, G-shaped or U-shaped, and the diameter of the generator 2 is smaller than the diameter of the arc-shaped plate 12 , so that the generator 2 is installed in the installation of the casing 1
  • an arc-shaped channel 121 is formed between the generator 2 and the arc-shaped plate 12 , and the arc-shaped channel 121 is connected with the water inlet 111 to form an annular channel. That is, after the two ends of the generator 2 are fixed on the casing 1, there is a certain distance between the whole generator 2 and the arc-shaped plate 12, and the distance is substantially annular in the casing 1 after being communicated with the water inlet 111.
  • the function of the annular channel is to make the water flow into the casing 1 through the water inlet 111, form a vortex through the annular channel, and then flow out through the water outlet 131 while driving the water wheel assembly 3 to rotate.
  • the eddy current formed by the water flow can improve the utilization rate of the water flow energy and ensure the power generation efficiency.
  • the mounting plate 11 is provided with a guide plate 112 at the water inlet 111 , the guide plate 112 extends toward the inside of the housing 1 , and the guide plate 112 is inclined upward or downward or horizontally arranged so that the water inlet 111 is positioned horizontally. After the inflowing radial water flow enters the casing 1, the flow direction in the arc-shaped channel 121 is the same.
  • the guide plate 112 is arranged horizontally and extends above the generator 2 , so as to directly guide the water flow to the arc-shaped channel 121 away from the water inlet 111 (that is, to directly guide the water flow to the generator 2 away from the water inlet 111 ) In this way, the water flow is effectively prevented from being shunted by the generator 2 when the arc-shaped channel 121 is close to the water inlet 111, which is beneficial to increase the potential energy and kinetic energy of the water flow in the casing 1.
  • the function of the guide plate 112 is to make the water flow in the Eddy currents with the same flow direction are formed in the annular channel to ensure the utilization of water flow energy.
  • a handle 14 is provided on the housing 1 .
  • the handle 14 is arranged on the side plate 13 , and two handles 14 are symmetrically arranged.
  • the function of the handle 14 is to facilitate extraction. Or move the turbine with the help of work.
  • the casing 1 is provided with a water flow guide assembly 4 at the water outlet 131 , and two water flow guide assemblies 4 are provided at the corresponding water outlet 131 respectively.
  • the function of the water flow guide assembly 4 is to change the direction of the water flow after the water outlet 131 in the casing 1, so that the water flow impacts the water wheel assembly 3 more forcefully, so as to improve the utilization efficiency of the water flow energy (potential energy, kinetic energy and inertial energy of the water flow).
  • the water in the casing 1 flows out through the water outlet 131, it is an axial water flow, and the impact force of the axial water flow on the water wheel assembly 3 is small, so that the utilization rate of water flow energy is not high.
  • the radial water flow then impacts the water wheel assembly 3.
  • the impact force of the radial water flow on the water wheel assembly 3 is maximized, so that the water flow can impact the water wheel assembly 3 more effectively, so as to improve the power generation efficiency. Due to the function of the water flow guide assembly 4, even if the water flow rate is small, the water flow can drive the water wheel assembly 3 to rotate, thus making the water turbine suitable for low water level conditions.
  • the generator 2 further includes a generator body 21 .
  • the generator body 21 at least includes structures such as a cylindrical casing, a built-in rotor and a stator, and the generator body 21 can choose conventional power generation.
  • Machine 2 which will not be described in detail here.
  • the rotating shaft 22 is arranged in the generator body 21 and two ends of the rotating shaft 22 extend out of the generator body 21 .
  • the diameter of the generator body 21 is smaller than the diameter of the arc plate 12 and the diameter of the water outlet 131 , and the generator 2 body and the water outlet 131 are coaxially arranged to form the above-mentioned arc channel 121 .
  • the water flow guide assembly 4 includes a first fixed ring 41 , a second fixed ring 42 and a plurality of guide vanes spaced between the first fixed ring 41 and the second fixed ring 42 43.
  • the first fixing ring 41 is an inner ring
  • the second fixing ring 42 is an outer ring
  • both ends of the guide vane 43 are fixedly connected to the first fixing ring 41 and the second fixing ring 42 respectively.
  • the first fixing ring 41 , the guide vanes 43 and the second fixing ring 42 are integrally formed, or one end of the first fixing ring 41 and the guide vane 43 are welded, and the second fixing ring 42 and the other end of the guide vane 43 are welded .
  • the second fixing ring 42 is connected with the side plate 13
  • the first fixing ring 41 is connected with the second mounting flange 24 to fix the generator 2 in the casing 1 and form the arc-shaped channel 121 .
  • the first fixing ring 41 is radially protruded with a first fixing ring 411, and the first fixing ring 411 and the first mounting flange 23 are connected by a plurality of first fasteners 412, and the first fasteners 412 are bolts or Screws
  • the second fixing ring 42 and the side plate 13 are connected by a plurality of second fasteners 132, and the second fasteners 132 are bolts or screws.
  • the gap between the first fixed ring 41 and the second fixed ring 42 is the height of the guide vanes 43, and there is a gap between the two adjacent guide vanes 43, which is used for the inflow and outflow of the water supply.
  • the axis of 22 is at an acute angle, and the degree of the acute angle is 10°-30°.
  • the function of the guide vane 43 is to change the axial water flow into a radial water flow, so that the radial water flow impacts the water wheel assembly 3 .
  • the water flow guide assembly 4 is made of steel material and the outer surface is coated with anti-rust paint.
  • the water wheel assembly 3 includes a water wheel fixing ring 31, a plurality of intervals are circumferentially arranged on the water wheel The water wheel blade 32 on the wheel fixing ring 31, the water wheel disc 33 fixed on one end of the water wheel fixing ring 31 and sealing the same side of the plurality of water wheel blades 32, and the installation of the other side of the plurality of water wheel blades 32 Ring 34.
  • the water wheel fixing ring 31 is an inner ring
  • the installation ring 34 is an outer ring
  • the installation ring 34 is relatively thin, and there is a gap between the installation ring 34 and the water wheel fixing ring 31 to allow the radial water flow to flow into the adjacent two water wheel blades 32 In the gap between the water wheels, it is gradually changed into an axial water flow, and the axial water flow is blocked and reversed by the water wheel disc 33 and then turned into a radial water flow and flows out along the radial direction of the water wheel fixing ring 31, that is, in this embodiment Among them, the water inlet of the water wheel assembly 3 is the radial water flow flowing out through the water flow guide assembly 4.
  • the radial water flow impinges on the water wheel blades 32 and drives the water wheel blades 32 to rotate, wherein part of the runoff water flow gradually changes into an axial water flow and flows At the water wheel disc 33, it is changed into a radial water flow again after being blocked by the water wheel disc 33, so that the water flow in the water wheel assembly 3 is basically a radial water flow to drive the water wheel blades 32 to rotate, and pass through the adjacent two water flow.
  • the radial gap between the wheel blades 32 flows out, that is, the water flow radially flows into the water wheel assembly 3, the water flow radially flows out of the water wheel assembly 3, and the water flow undergoes radial water flow in the water wheel assembly 3 and turns into an axial water flow and then turns again. Radial water flow, thereby effectively improving the utilization rate of water flow energy.
  • the water wheel fixing ring 31 is connected with the first mounting flange 23 .
  • a second fixing ring 311 is radially protruded inside the water wheel fixing ring 31, and the second fixing ring 311 and the first mounting flange 23 are connected by a plurality of third fasteners 312, and the third fasteners 312 are bolts or screw.
  • the water wheel blades 32 are arc-shaped blades, and the water wheel blades 32 are arranged on the circumferential surface of the water wheel fixing ring 31 at equal distances.
  • the water wheel assembly 3 and the rotating shaft 22 rotate synchronously.
  • a labyrinth seal 5 is provided between the installation ring 34 and the second fixing ring 42 , and the labyrinth seal 5 is used to seal the water wheel assembly 3 and the water flow guide assembly 4 to effectively reduce the water turbine leak rate.
  • the labyrinth sealing ring 5 is fixed on the mounting ring 34 by the fourth fastener 52, and the radial section of the labyrinth sealing ring 5 is U-shaped or E-shaped.
  • the end surface of the second fixing ring 42 is provided with a Ring grooves that fit with U- or E-shapes.
  • the labyrinth sealing ring 5 has a large contact area, many contact surfaces and different planes, so that it has good sealing performance.
  • a plurality of grooves 51 are provided on the outer side of the labyrinth sealing ring 5, which further improves the sealing effect.
  • the water flow reversing column 35 between the water wheel fixing ring 31 and the water wheel disc 33 .
  • the direction of the ring 34 to the water wheel disc 33 is in the shape of a gradually expanding cone.
  • the water wheel fixing ring 31, the water flow reversing column 35 and the water wheel disc 33 are integrally formed, and the water flow annular column is used to turn the axial water flow into a radial water flow more smoothly to avoid the loss of water flow energy, In order to improve the utilization rate of water flow energy.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the water flow annular column is an inner concave arc surface.
  • the water wheel assembly 3 in the second embodiment of the water wheel assembly 3 , includes a water wheel fixing ring 31 , a water wheel guide ring 36 and a plurality of The water wheel blade 32 between the wheel fixing ring 31 and the water wheel guide ring 36, the water wheel fixing ring 31 is connected with the first mounting flange 23, the water wheel fixing ring 31, the water wheel guide ring 36 and the water wheel blade 32 rotate synchronously , the water wheel guide ring 36 is used to limit the water flow, so that the water flow impacts the water flow vanes to rotate.
  • the water wheel fixing ring 31 , the water wheel blades 32 and the water flow guide ring are integrally formed or fixedly connected to each other by welding, and the water wheel assembly 3 as a whole rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft 22 .
  • the end of the water wheel fixing ring 31 away from the rotating shaft 22 is provided with a sealing cover. The function of the sealing cover is to ensure that the water flow will not be lost through the water wheel fixing ring 31, so that the water flow only flows between the water wheel blades 32 to avoid water flow energy loss.
  • connection mode and connection structure of the water wheel fixing ring 31 and the first installation flange 23 are the same as the water wheel fixing ring 31 and the first installation flange in the first embodiment of the above-mentioned water wheel assembly 3
  • connection method and connection structure of 23 are the same, and will not be repeated here.
  • the water wheel assembly 3 includes a water wheel fixing ring 31, a water wheel guide ring 36, and a plurality of The water wheel blade 32 between the wheel fixing ring 31 and the water wheel guide ring 36, one end of the water wheel blade 32 is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the water wheel fixing ring 31, and the other end of the water wheel blade 32 is connected with the water wheel guide ring 36.
  • the water wheel fixing ring 31 is connected with the first mounting flange 23
  • the water wheel guide ring 36 is connected with the second fixing ring 42 .
  • both the water wheel fixing ring 31 and the water wheel blades 32 rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft 22, and the water wheel guide ring 36 and the second fixing ring 42 are fixedly connected in a static state, so that the water wheel blades 32 are in the water flow guide ring.
  • the water wheel guide ring 36 is used to limit the water flow, so that the water flow impacts the water flow vanes to rotate.
  • the connection method and connection structure of the water wheel fixing ring 31 and the first installation flange 23 are the same as the connection method of the water wheel fixing ring 31 and the first installation flange 23 in the first embodiment of the above-mentioned water wheel assembly 3 . and the connection structure are the same, and will not be repeated here.
  • the water wheel guide ring 36 and the second fixing ring 42 are connected by fasteners, and the fasteners are screws or bolts.
  • two water wheel assemblies 3 are provided, so that the two ends of the rotating shaft 22 are uniformly stressed, so that the impact force of the water flow on the rotating shaft 22 of the generator 2 can be effectively reduced, and the normal use of the generator 2 can be ensured.
  • the two water flow guide assemblies 4 can change the flow direction of the water flow, so that the water flow can be selected according to different water levels and flow sizes, so that the impact force of the water flow on the water wheel blades 32 is large enough to ensure the power generation efficiency;
  • An arc is formed in the shell 1
  • the shaped channel 121 makes the water flow form a vortex, which further improves the energy utilization rate of the water flow; at the same time, the water turbine also has the advantages of simple structure, small size and low cost.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a hydroelectric generator, which includes a hydroelectric turbine.
  • a hydroelectric generator which includes a hydroelectric turbine.
  • the hydroelectric generator also has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be described one by one here.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

一种水轮机以及水力发电机，该水轮机包括壳体（1），壳体（1）上设有进水口（111）和一个或两个出水口（131），进水口（111）的水流为径向水流，出水口（131）的水流为轴向水流；发电机（2），设置在壳体（1）内，发电机（2）的转轴（22）的两端分别延伸至相对应的出水口（131）处；水轮组件（3），与出水口（131）的数量相同且分别设于相对应的出水口（131）处并与转轴（22）连接；水流经进水口（111）流入壳体（1），并在出水口（131）处驱动水轮组件（3）转动以带动转轴（22）转动，以使发电机（2）发电。

Description

一种水轮机以及水力发电机 技术领域
本申请涉及发电设备技术领域，具体涉及一种水轮机以及水力发电机。
 背景技术
在现有的水力发电系统中，其核心部件水力发电机按工作原理可分为冲击式水轮机和反击式水轮机两大类。其中，冲击式水轮机的转轮是受水流的冲击而旋转，在工作过程中水流的压力不变，主要实现动能的转换，而冲击式水轮机按水流的流向可分为切机式（又称水斗式）和斜击式两类；斜击式水轮机与水斗式水轮机的结构基本相同，但是斜击式水轮机的射流方向有一个倾斜角，且只用于小型机组。
反击式水轮机的转轮是在水中受到水流的反作用力而旋转，在工作过程中水流的势能和动能均有改变，但主要是势能的转换。反击式水轮机可分为混流式、轴流式、斜流式和贯流式。在混流式水轮机中，水流径向进入，轴向流出转轴；在轴流式水轮机中，水流径向进入，轴向进入和流出转轮；在斜流式水轮机中，水流径向进入并与发电机的主轴呈一定角度进入转轮或者以倾斜于主轴的方向进入转轮；在贯流式水轮机中，水流沿轴向进入和流出转轮。
然而，在这些现有的水力发电机中，不同类型的水力发电机需要不同的水流情况下才能取得较好的发电效率。例如，冲击式水轮机适用于高水位低水压的情况；混流式水轮机适用于高水位高流量的情况；贯流式水轮机适用于低水位大流量的情况。另外，现有的水轮机都有一定的漏水率，从而降低了水轮机的发电效率，使得现有的水轮机种类繁多且各种水轮机的适用水流环境单一。
 技术问题
本申请实施例的目的之一在于：提供一种水轮机以及水力发电机，旨在解决现有技术中单一种类的水轮机无法适用于各种水流环境的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例采用的技术方案是：
第一方面，一种水轮机，包括：
壳体，所述壳体上设有进水口和出水口，所述出水口设置有一个或两个，两个所述出水口相对于所述进水口对称设置，所述进水口的开口方向为所述壳体的径向方向，所述出水口的开口方向为所述壳体的轴向方向；
发电机，设置在所述壳体内，所述发电机的转轴的一端延伸至所述出水口处，或所述发电机的转轴的两端分别延伸至相对应的所述出水口处；以及，
水轮组件，与所述出水口的数量相同，所述水轮组件设置在相对应的所述出水口处并与所述转轴连接；径向水流经所述进水口流入所述壳体内，并在所述出水口处改变水流方向成轴向水流后驱动所述水轮组件转动以带动所述转轴转动，以使所述发电机发电。
在一个实施例中，所述壳体上在所述出水口处设有水流导向组件，所述水流导向组件与所述出水口的数量相同，所述水流导向组件能将所述壳体内的水流方向由所述出水口处的轴向水流改变成冲击所述水轮组件的径向水流。
在一个实施例中，所述壳体包括安装板、两端间隔固设于所述安装板上的弧形板以及分别设于弧形板两侧的两块侧板，各所述出水口分别设于各所述侧板上，所述进水口设于所述安装板上，所述发电机安装于所述壳体内后与所述弧形板之间形成弧形通道。
在一个实施例中，所述弧形板的径向截面为C型或G型。
在一个实施例中，所述安装板上在所述进水口处设有引导板，所述引导板朝上倾斜、朝下倾斜或水平设置以使所述进水口处流入的径向水流进入所述壳体内在所述弧形通道的流动方向相同。
在一个实施例中，所述发电机还包括发电机本体，所述转轴设于所述发电机本体内且所述转轴的两端伸出所述发电机本体，所述转轴的端部设有第一安装法兰，所述发电机本体的端部设有第二安装法兰，所述第一安装法兰与所述水轮组件连接，所述第二安装法兰与所述水流导向组件连接。
在一个实施例中，所述水流导向组件包括第一固定环、第二固定环以及多个间隔设于所述第一固定环和所述第二固定环之间的导向叶片，所述导向叶片的两端分别与所述第一固定环和所述第二固定环固定连接，所述第二固定环与所述侧板连接，所述第一固定环与所述第二安装法兰连接以将所述发电机固定在所述壳体内。
在一个实施例中，所述水轮组件包括水轮固定环、多个间隔呈圆周排布于所述水轮固定环上的水轮叶片、固定于所述水轮固定环一端的并密封多个所述水轮叶片同一侧的水轮盘以及固定于多个所述水轮叶片的另一侧的安装环，所述安装环和所述水轮固定环之间具有间隙以使径向水流流入相邻两所述水轮叶片之间的间隙内并经所述水轮盘阻挡换向后沿所述水轮固定环的径向方向流出，所述水轮固定环和所述第一安装法兰连接。
在一个实施例中，所述安装环和所述第二固定环之间设有迷宫密封圈。
在一个实施例中，所述迷宫密封圈的截面呈U型或E型，所述密封密封圈的外侧面设有若干条凹槽。
在一个实施例中，所述水轮固定环和所述水轮盘之间具有水流换向柱，所述水流换向柱与所述水轮固定环同轴设置且所述水轮换向柱为从所述安装环到所述水轮盘的方向上呈渐扩的椎体状。
在一个实施例中，所述水轮组件包括水轮固定环、水轮导向环以及多个间隔设于所述水轮固定环及所述水轮导向环之间的水轮叶片，所述水轮固定环和所述第一安装法兰连接，所述水轮固定环、所述水轮导向环以及水轮叶片同步转动。
在一个实施例中，所述水轮组件包括水轮固定环、水轮导向环以及多个间隔设于所述水轮固定环及所述水轮导向环之间的水轮叶片，所述水轮叶片的一端固定于所述水轮固定环的外周面上，所述水轮叶片的另一端与所述水轮导向环之间间隙设置，所述水轮固定环与所述第一安装法兰连接，所述水轮导向环与所述第二固定环连接。
在一个实施例中，所述壳体上设有提手。
第二方面，提供了一种水力发电机，包括如上所述的水轮机。
 有益效果
本申请实施例提供的水轮机的有益效果在于：通过在壳体上设置一个或两个出水口，从而可以根据水位情况选择安装水轮组件的数量，当设置两个水轮组件时具有以下优点：第一方面，在同样的水流情况下，两个水轮组件更容易被驱动，以至于能更好的利用水流及适应水流环境，从而提高了水轮机的发电效率；第二方面，两个水轮组件对发电机的转轴施加的力更加均匀，对发电机具有良好的保护作用；第三方面，可以有效降低水轮机的整体大小，从而减低成本，且由于两个水轮组件对称设置，单个水轮组件需要的水流冲击力小，因此可以适用于不同水流环境，提高了适用能力。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示范性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的水轮机的整体结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的水轮机的剖视结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的水轮机中壳体的整体结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的水轮机中发电机的整体结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的水轮机中水流导向组件的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的水轮机中水轮组件的第一种结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的水轮机中水轮组件的第一种结构的爆炸结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的水轮机中迷宫密封圈的部分结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的水轮机中水轮组件的第二种结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的水轮机中水轮组件的第二种结构的部分爆炸结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的水轮机中水轮组件的第三种结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的水轮机中水轮组件的第三种结构的部分爆炸结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本申请。
需说明的是，当部件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个部件，它可以直接在另一个部件上或者间接在该另一个部件上。当一个部件被称为是“连接于”另一个部件，它可以是直接或者间接连接至该另一个部件上。术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于便于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明技术特征的数量。“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
为了说明本申请所提供的技术方案，以下结合具体附图及实施例进行详细说明。
如图1-图3所示，现对本申请实施例提供的一种水轮机进行详细说明。该水轮机包括壳体1、发电机2以及水轮组件3。其中，壳体1上设有一个进水口111以及一个或者两个出水口131。其中，两个出水口131相对于进水口111对称设置，进水口111的开口方向为壳体1的径向方向，即经进水口111流入壳体1内的水流为径向水流，出水口131的开口方向为轴向方向，即经出水口131流出壳体1的水流为轴向水流。出水口131设置一个时，水轮组件3设置一个，发电机2设置在壳体1内，发电机2的转轴22的一端延伸至出水口131处；当出水口131设置两个时，水轮组件3设置两个，发电机2的转轴22的两端分别延伸至相对应的出水口131处，即水轮组件3的数量与出水口131的数量相同；在以下本申请实施例中，以出水口131设置有两个进行详细介绍。
水轮组件3设置有两个且分别设于相对应的出水口131处并分别与转轴22的一端连接；水流经进水口111径向流入壳体1内，并在出水口131处流出壳体1时，水流方向改变成轴向水流流出壳体1，并驱动水轮组件3转动以带动转轴22转动，转轴22转动时以实现发电机2发电。在本实施例中，涉及的径向均可以以转轴22的径向方向为参考，涉及的轴向均可以以转轴22的轴线方向为参考。
本申请实施例提供的水轮机，通过在壳体1上设置一个或两个出水口131，从而可以根据水位的具体情况进行选择水轮组件3的数量。当水流为高水位和高水压时，此时可以设置一个水轮组件3；当水流为高水位高水压或低水位低水压时，可以设置两个水轮组件3，而两个水轮组件3具有以下优点：第一方面，在同样的水流情况下，两个水轮组件3能更好的利用水流，从而提高了水轮机的发电效率，并且，两个水轮组件3可以适用于低水位或高水位的水流情况，提高适用能力；第二方面，两个水轮组件3对发电机2的转轴22施加的力更加均匀，对发电机2具有良好的保护作用；第三方面，可以有效降低水轮机的整体大小，从而减低成本，且由于两个水轮组件3对称设置，可以适用于不同水流环境，提高了适用能力。
如图1-图3所示，在本实施例中，壳体1包括安装板11、两端固设于安装板11上的弧形板12以及分别设于弧形板12两侧的两块侧板13，各出水口131设置在相对应的侧板13上，即一个侧板13上设置一个出水口131，进水口111设于安装板11上。具体地，安装板11为矩形板，安装板11的周边设有多个紧固件，紧固用于将该水轮机安装于水流环境中，紧固件为高强度螺栓。弧形板12的两端通过焊接的方式与安装板11密封连接，两侧板13通过焊接的方式分别与弧形板12及安装板11密封连接。本实施例的壳体1具有制作简单和成本低的优点。
在弧形板12上设置观察窗122，观察窗122的作用是为了方便确认壳体1内是否有杂质等情况。安装板11、侧板13及弧形板12相互密封连接后，内部具有安装空腔，发电机2安装于安装空腔内。在本实施例中，壳体1表面涂覆防锈漆。
在本实施例中，弧形板12的径向截面为C字型或G型或U型，发电机2的直径小于该弧形板12的直径，这样发电机2安装于壳体1的安装空腔内后，发电机2与弧形板12之间形成弧形通道121，弧形通道121与进水口111连通后形成环形通道。即当发电机2的两端固定在壳体1上后，发电机2的整体与弧形板12之间具有一定间距，该间距与进水口111连通后在壳体1内大致呈环形，该环形通道的作用是使水流经进水口111进入壳体1内后，经环形通道形成涡流，然后再经出水口131流出的同时驱动水轮组件3转动。而水流形成涡流能提高水流能量的利用率，保证发电效率。
如图3所示，安装板11上在进水口111处设有引导板112，引导板112朝壳体1内延伸，引导板112朝上倾斜或者朝下倾斜或者水平设置以使进水口111处流入的径向水流进入壳体1内后在弧形通道121内的流动方向相同。在本实施例中，引导板112水平设置并延伸至发电机2的上方，这样直接将水流引导至远离进水口111的弧形通道121处（即直接将水流引导至发电机2远离进水口111的一侧），这样有效避免水流在弧形通道121靠近进水口111处因发电机2阻挡而分流，有利于增加水流在壳体1内的势能及动能，引导板112的作用是使水流在环形通道内形成流动方向相同的涡流，保证水流能量的利用率。
如图1和图3所示，在壳体1上设有提手14，具体地，提手14设置在侧板13上，提手14对称设置有两个，提手14的作用是方便提取或借助工作搬运水轮机。
如图1、图2和图5所示，壳体1上在出水口131处设有水流导向组件4，水流导向组件4设置有两个且分别设置在相对应的出水口131处。水流导向组件4的作用是改变壳体1内流出出水口131后的水流方向，以使水流更加有力的冲击水轮组件3，以提高水流能量（水流的势能、动能及惯性能）的利用效率。即壳体1内的水流经出水口131流出时为轴向水流，轴向水流对水轮组件3的冲击力较小，使得水流能量利用率不高，当轴向水流经水流导向组件4改变为径向水流后再冲击水轮组件3，此时径向水流对水轮组件3的冲击力达到最大，从而使得水流更加有效的冲击水轮组件3，以提高发电效率。由于水流导向组件4的作用，即使水流量较小的情况下，也能满足水流驱动水轮组件3转动，因此，使得该水轮机可适用于水位较低的条件下。
如图2至图4所示，在本实施例中，发电机2还包括发电机本体21，发电机本体21至少包括圆柱外壳、内置转子和定子等结构，发电机本体21可选择常规的发电机2，在此不进行详细介绍。其中，转轴22设于发电机本体21内且转轴22的两端伸出发电机本体21，转轴22伸出发电机本体21外的端部设有第一安装法兰23，发电机本体21的端部外设有第二安装法兰24，第一安装法兰23与水轮组件3连接，从而实现转轴22与水轮组件3的同步转动，第二安装法兰24与水流导向组件4连接，从而实现发电机2与壳体1的连接。在本实施例中，发电机本体21的直径小于弧形板12的直径和小于出水口131的直径，发电机2本体与出水口131同轴线设置，这样可以形成上述的弧形通道121。
如图5所示，在本实施例中，水流导向组件4包括第一固定环41、第二固定环42以及多个间隔设于第一固定环41和第二固定环42之间的导向叶片43。其中，第一固定环41为内环，第二固定环42为外环，导向叶片43的两端分别与第一固定环41和第二固定环42固定连接。在本实施例中，第一固定环41、导向叶片43和第二固定环42一体成型或者第一固定环41和导向叶片43的一端焊接，第二固定环42和导向叶片43的另一端焊接。在本实施例中，第二固定环42与侧板13连接，第一固定环41与第二安装法兰24连接以将发电机2固定在壳体1内并形成弧形通道121。具体地，第一固定环41内径向凸设有第一固定圈411，第一固定圈411与第一安装法兰23通过若干第一紧固件412连接，第一紧固件412为螺栓或螺钉；第二固定环42和侧板13通过若干第二紧固件132连接，第二紧固件132为螺栓或螺钉。第一固定环41和第二固定环42之间的间隙为导向叶片43的高度，相邻两导向叶片43之间具有间隙，该间隙用于供水流流入流出，导向叶片43倾斜设置并与转轴22的轴线呈锐角，该锐角的度数为10°-30°导向叶片43的作用是将轴向水流改变成径向水流，以使径向水流冲击水轮组件3。水流导向组件4选择钢材料制成且外表面涂覆防锈漆。
如图2、图6和图7所示，在本实施例中，水轮组件3的第一种实施方式中，水轮组件3包括水轮固定环31、多个间隔呈圆周排布于水轮固定环31上的水轮叶片32、固定于水轮固定环31一端的并密封多个水轮叶片32同一侧的水轮盘33以及固定于多个水轮叶片32的另一侧的安装环34。其中，水轮固定环31为内环，安装环34为外环，安装环34较薄，安装环34和水轮固定环31之间具有间隙以使径向水流流入相邻两水轮叶片32之间的间隙内，并逐渐改成成轴向水流，轴向水流并经水轮盘33阻挡换向后成径向水流并沿水轮固定环31的径向方向流出，即在本实施例中，水轮组件3的进水为经水流导向组件4流出的径向水流，径向水流冲击水轮叶片32后驱使水轮叶片32转动，其中，部分径流水流逐渐改变成轴向水流并流动至水轮盘33处，经水轮盘33的阻挡作用后再次改变成径向水流，以使水轮组件3内的水流基本为径向水流驱动水轮叶片32转动，并经相邻两水轮叶片32之间的径向间隙流出，即水流径向流入水轮组件3中，水流径向流出水轮组件3，水流在水轮组件3中经历了径向水流转向成轴向水流再转向成径向水流，从而有效提高了水流能量的利用率。
其中，水轮固定环31和第一安装法兰23连接。具体地，水轮固定环31内径向凸设有第二固定圈311，第二固定圈311和第一安装法兰23通过若干第三紧固件312连接，第三紧固件312为螺栓或螺钉。在本实施例中，水轮叶片32为弧形叶片，各水轮叶片32等距设置在水轮固定环31的周面上，在本实施例中，水轮组件3与转轴22同步转动。
如图2、图6和图8所示，安装环34和第二固定环42之间设有迷宫密封圈5，迷宫密封圈5用于密封水轮组件3和水流导向组件4，有效降低水轮机的漏水率。其中，迷宫密封圈5通过第四紧固件52固定在安装环34上，迷宫密封圈5的径向截面呈U型或E型，相对应的，第二固定环42的端面上设有用于与U型或E型相适配的环槽。迷宫密封圈5具有接触面积大，接触面多且成不同平面，从而具有良好的密封性能。在本实施例中，迷宫密封圈5的外侧面设有若干条凹槽51，这样进一步提高密封效果。
如图2和图7所示，水轮固定环31和水轮盘33之间具有水流换向柱35，水流换向柱35与水轮固定环31同轴设置且水轮换向柱为从安装环34到水轮盘33的方向上呈渐扩的椎体状。在本实施例中，水轮固定环31、水流换向柱35和水轮盘33一体成型，水流环形柱用于将轴向水流更加平滑的转向成径向水流，以避免水流能量的损失，以提高水流能量的利用率。水流环形柱的外周面为内凹弧面。
如图9和图10所示，在本实施例中，水轮组件3的第二种实施方式中，水轮组件3包括水轮固定环31、水轮导向环36以及多个间隔设于水轮固定环31及水轮导向环36之间的水轮叶片32，水轮固定环31和第一安装法兰23连接，水轮固定环31、水轮导向环36以及水轮叶片32同步转动，水轮导向环36用于限定水流，以使水流冲击水流叶片进行转动。即在该实施方式中，水轮固定环31、水轮叶片32以及水流导向环一体成型或相互焊接固定连接，水轮组件3整体随转轴22同步转动。水轮固定环31远离转轴22的一端设置密封盖，密封盖的作用是保证水流不会经水轮固定环31内流失，使得水流仅经过水轮叶片32之间流过，避免水流能量损失。在该实施例中，水轮固定环31和第一安装法兰23的连接方式及连接结构与上述的水轮组件3的第一种实施方式中的水轮固定环31和第一安装法兰23的连接方式及连接结构相同，在此不重复陈述。
如图11和图12所示，在本实施例中，水轮组件3的第三种实施方式中，水轮组件3包括水轮固定环31、水轮导向环36以及多个间隔设于水轮固定环31及水轮导向环36之间的水轮叶片32，水轮叶片32的一端固定于水轮固定环31的外周面上，水轮叶片32的另一端与水轮导向环36之间间隙设置，水轮固定环31与第一安装法兰23连接，水轮导向环36与第二固定环42连接。即在该实施方式中，水轮固定环31和水轮叶片32均和转轴22同步转动，水轮导向环36和第二固定环42固定连接处于静止状态，使得水轮叶片32在水流导向环内进行转动，水轮导向环36用于限定水流，以使水流冲击水流叶片进行转动。其中，水轮固定环31和第一安装法兰23的连接方式及连接结构与上述的水轮组件3的第一种实施方式中的水轮固定环31和第一安装法兰23的连接方式及连接结构相同，在此不重复陈述。水轮导向环36和第二固定环42采用紧固件连接，紧固件为螺钉或螺栓。
本申请实施例提供的水轮机，通过设置两个水轮组件3，使得转轴22的两端受力均匀，从而可以有效降低水流对发电机2的转轴22的冲击力，保证发电机2的正常使用；两个水流导向组件4可以改变水流的流向，从而可以根据不同水位、流量大小的水流情况进行选择，使得水流对水轮叶片32的冲击力足够大，保证发电效率；壳体1内形成弧形通道121，使得水流形成涡流，更加提高了水流的能量利用率；同时该水轮机还具有结构简单化、体积小型化及成本低的优点。
本申请实施例还提供一种水力发电机，该水力发电机包括水轮机，水轮机的具体结构请参照上述实施例的描述，由于本水力发电机采用了杉树所有实施例的全部技术方案，因此，该水力发电机同样具有上述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果，在此不再一一陈述。
以上仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种水轮机，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体上设有进水口和出水口，所述出水口设置有一个或两个，两个所述出水口相对于所述进水口对称设置，所述进水口的开口方向为所述壳体的径向方向，所述出水口的开口方向为所述壳体的轴向方向；
    发电机，设置在所述壳体内，所述发电机的转轴的一端延伸至所述出水口处，或所述发电机的转轴的两端分别延伸至相对应的所述出水口处；以及，
    水轮组件，与所述出水口的数量相同，所述水轮组件设置在相对应的所述出水口处并与所述转轴连接；径向水流经所述进水口流入所述壳体内，并在所述出水口处改变水流方向成轴向水流后驱动所述水轮组件转动以带动所述转轴转动，以使所述发电机发电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述壳体上在所述出水口处设有水流导向组件，所述水流导向组件与所述出水口的数量相同，所述水流导向组件能将所述壳体内的水流方向由所述出水口处的轴向水流改变成冲击所述水轮组件的径向水流。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述壳体包括安装板、两端间隔固设于所述安装板上的弧形板以及分别设于弧形板两侧的两块侧板，各所述出水口分别设于各所述侧板上，所述进水口设于所述安装板上，所述发电机安装于所述壳体内后与所述弧形板之间形成弧形通道。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述弧形板的径向截面为C型或G型。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的水轮机，其特征在，所述安装板上在所述进水口处设有引导板，所述引导板朝上倾斜、朝下倾斜或水平设置以使所述进水口处流入的径向水流进入所述壳体内在所述弧形通道的流动方向相同。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述发电机还包括发电机本体，所述转轴设于所述发电机本体内且所述转轴的两端伸出所述发电机本体，所述转轴的端部设有第一安装法兰，所述发电机本体的端部设有第二安装法兰，所述第一安装法兰与所述水轮组件连接，所述第二安装法兰与所述水流导向组件连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述水流导向组件包括第一固定环、第二固定环以及多个间隔设于所述第一固定环和所述第二固定环之间的导向叶片，所述导向叶片的两端分别与所述第一固定环和所述第二固定环固定连接，所述第二固定环与所述侧板连接，所述第一固定环与所述第二安装法兰连接以将所述发电机固定在所述壳体内。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述水轮组件包括水轮固定环、多个间隔呈圆周排布于所述水轮固定环上的水轮叶片、固定于所述水轮固定环一端的并密封多个所述水轮叶片同一侧的水轮盘以及固定于多个所述水轮叶片的另一侧的安装环，所述安装环和所述水轮固定环之间具有间隙以使径向水流流入相邻两所述水轮叶片之间的间隙内并经所述水轮盘阻挡换向后沿所述水轮固定环的径向方向流出，所述水轮固定环和所述第一安装法兰连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述安装环和所述第二固定环之间设有迷宫密封圈。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述迷宫密封圈的截面呈U型或E型，所述密封密封圈的外侧面设有若干条凹槽。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述水轮固定环和所述水轮盘之间具有水流换向柱，所述水流换向柱与所述水轮固定环同轴设置且所述水轮换向柱为从所述安装环到所述水轮盘的方向上呈渐扩的椎体状。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述水轮组件包括水轮固定环、水轮导向环以及多个间隔设于所述水轮固定环及所述水轮导向环之间的水轮叶片，所述水轮固定环和所述第一安装法兰连接，所述水轮固定环、所述水轮导向环以及水轮叶片同步转动。
  13. 根据权利要求7所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述水轮组件包括水轮固定环、水轮导向环以及多个间隔设于所述水轮固定环及所述水轮导向环之间的水轮叶片，所述水轮叶片的一端固定于所述水轮固定环的外周面上，所述水轮叶片的另一端与所述水轮导向环之间间隙设置，所述水轮固定环与所述第一安装法兰连接，所述水轮导向环与所述第二固定环连接。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述壳体上设有提手。
  15. 一种水力发电机，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的水轮机。
PCT/CN2021/072438 2021-01-18 2021-01-18 一种水轮机以及水力发电机 WO2022151468A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2021/072438 WO2022151468A1 (zh) 2021-01-18 2021-01-18 一种水轮机以及水力发电机
KR1020227032031A KR20220139395A (ko) 2021-01-18 2021-01-18 수력 터빈 및 수력 발전기

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2021/072438 WO2022151468A1 (zh) 2021-01-18 2021-01-18 一种水轮机以及水力发电机

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022151468A1 true WO2022151468A1 (zh) 2022-07-21

Family

ID=82446806

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2021/072438 WO2022151468A1 (zh) 2021-01-18 2021-01-18 一种水轮机以及水力发电机

Country Status (2)

Country Link
KR (1) KR20220139395A (zh)
WO (1) WO2022151468A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117889029A (zh) * 2024-03-15 2024-04-16 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 水轮机顶盖、水轮机

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201125834Y (zh) * 2007-07-30 2008-10-01 顾玉霞 节能型水轮机
CN105927454A (zh) * 2016-05-30 2016-09-07 重庆理工大学 轴流磁悬浮永磁水轮发电机
CN106523248A (zh) * 2016-11-19 2017-03-22 罗显平 水力卧式螺管转子发电机组及其发电站
US20170314565A1 (en) * 2013-11-19 2017-11-02 Charles Wayne Zimmerman Two piece impeller centrifugal pump
CN112049748A (zh) * 2020-08-14 2020-12-08 深圳广蓝电力有限公司 一种水轮机和水力发电机

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201125834Y (zh) * 2007-07-30 2008-10-01 顾玉霞 节能型水轮机
US20170314565A1 (en) * 2013-11-19 2017-11-02 Charles Wayne Zimmerman Two piece impeller centrifugal pump
CN105927454A (zh) * 2016-05-30 2016-09-07 重庆理工大学 轴流磁悬浮永磁水轮发电机
CN106523248A (zh) * 2016-11-19 2017-03-22 罗显平 水力卧式螺管转子发电机组及其发电站
CN112049748A (zh) * 2020-08-14 2020-12-08 深圳广蓝电力有限公司 一种水轮机和水力发电机

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117889029A (zh) * 2024-03-15 2024-04-16 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 水轮机顶盖、水轮机
CN117889029B (zh) * 2024-03-15 2024-05-24 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 水轮机顶盖、水轮机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20220139395A (ko) 2022-10-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR101001056B1 (ko) 구심력 동작형 수차
EP2538070B1 (en) Turbine with radial inlet and outlet rotor for use in bidirectional flows
CN213175916U (zh) 一种空心轴管道式水利发电装置
CN104595094B (zh) 水力涡轮发电机
WO2022151468A1 (zh) 一种水轮机以及水力发电机
CN1970995B (zh) 层叠式转子和/或定子组件的轴向与周向密封
AU2018244665B2 (en) Centripetal turbine apparatus comprising nozzles inside sealed turbine
KR100720909B1 (ko) 회전익 날개 끝 간극유동 손실 방지용 임펄스 터빈
JPH11159433A (ja) 水力機械
CN102434215B (zh) 一种外转子流体动力机
WO2013059935A1 (en) Compact blade for runner of francis turbine and method for configuring runner
CN215213746U (zh) 一种涡轮管道泵
WO2022032643A1 (zh) 一种水轮机和水力发电机
CN112879197B (zh) 一种水轮机以及水力发电机
CN203130361U (zh) 风力发电机组中防止叶片结冰的机构
CN216134322U (zh) 风冷结构、盘式电机及飞行器
JP2005127198A (ja) タービン及び静翼根元部，動翼根元部のシール構造
CN212429078U (zh) 空气透平以及发电装置
JP2015007414A (ja) ブースター機能つき羽根車
JP2014118831A (ja) 水車装置、および水力発電装置
JP5404273B2 (ja) 水力機械のシール構造
CN110038688B (zh) 一种转子强制密封装置及分离器
RU2242635C2 (ru) Ветроустановка
WO2018027897A1 (zh) 透平膨胀发电机
TW202229717A (zh) 水力發電機之改良

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21918670

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 20227032031

Country of ref document: KR

Kind code of ref document: A

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205A DATED 21/11/2023)

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 21918670

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1