WO2022150901A1 - Programmable multi-waveform rf generator for use as battlefield decoy - Google Patents
Programmable multi-waveform rf generator for use as battlefield decoy Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022150901A1 WO2022150901A1 PCT/CA2021/050038 CA2021050038W WO2022150901A1 WO 2022150901 A1 WO2022150901 A1 WO 2022150901A1 CA 2021050038 W CA2021050038 W CA 2021050038W WO 2022150901 A1 WO2022150901 A1 WO 2022150901A1
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- waveform
- antenna
- gps
- cdl
- battlefield
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/20—Countermeasures against jamming
- H04K3/22—Countermeasures against jamming including jamming detection and monitoring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/20—Countermeasures against jamming
- H04K3/28—Countermeasures against jamming with jamming and anti-jamming mechanisms both included in a same device or system, e.g. wherein anti-jamming includes prevention of undesired self-jamming resulting from jamming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/40—Jamming having variable characteristics
- H04K3/41—Jamming having variable characteristics characterized by the control of the jamming activation or deactivation time
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/40—Jamming having variable characteristics
- H04K3/42—Jamming having variable characteristics characterized by the control of the jamming frequency or wavelength
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/40—Jamming having variable characteristics
- H04K3/44—Jamming having variable characteristics characterized by the control of the jamming waveform or modulation type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/60—Jamming involving special techniques
- H04K3/65—Jamming involving special techniques using deceptive jamming or spoofing, e.g. transmission of false signals for premature triggering of RCIED, for forced connection or disconnection to/from a network or for generation of dummy target signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/60—Jamming involving special techniques
- H04K3/68—Jamming involving special techniques using passive jamming, e.g. by shielding or reflection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/80—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function
- H04K3/90—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function related to allowing or preventing navigation or positioning, e.g. GPS
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K2203/00—Jamming of communication; Countermeasures
- H04K2203/10—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application
- H04K2203/22—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application for communication related to vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a portable electronic signal generator, and in particular a programmable multi-waveform radiofrequency generator.
- military assets can be tracked and/or targeted by capturing the electromagnetic signals of such assets or formations, and triangulating, using two or more receivers, the location where the target signals are being generated.
- Electronic equipment uses different signal frequencies, signal amplitudes, and signal power depending on the equipment being used. The specific characteristics are known as the electronic signature of a device. Hand-held communication equipment, radar equipment, motors, engines, and so forth each has their own electronic signature.
- a collection of electronic equipment can also have its own collective signature.
- Modern militaries are aware of the exact type of electronic equipment used by their allies and adversaries, including the signal characteristics, the quantity of certain types of signals, the timing and use of certain types of signals, and so forth. Accordingly, it is possible to detect the exact type of military formation, their size, their equipment, their location, and their movement by receiving and analyzing the electromagnetic signature of such a formation.
- Electronic warfare specialists can tell if a military unit is an artillery unit, a mechanized unit, or a ground troop formation.
- the invention described and claimed herein provides a device that can be used to establish battlefield decoys that electronically emit the same or similar electronic signature as a military asset or military formation.
- a battlefield decoy comprising:
- SOC System on a Chip mounted within the radio-opaque chassis, said SOC having FPGA programmable logic, an application processing unit, a real-time processing unit, a platform management unit, a cybersecurity unit, a memory controller connected to local DDR memory, and a peripheral controller connected to peripheral components;
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 18. (3) software programming code for transmitting a set of at least four (4) battlefield waveforms, said battlefield waveforms contained in the SOC, said code including a library of saved battlefield waveforms selected from the group consisting of (3.1) modern software defined radio (SDR) waveform, (3.2) CDL (Common Data Link), (3.3) TCDL (Tactical CDL), (3.4) Bandwidth-Efficient CDL, (3.5) Digital Data Link (DDL), (3.6) Harris Adaptive Networking Wideband (ANW2) Waveform, (3.7) Harris AN/PRC-117G radio 30MHz-2GHz waveform (ANW2), (3.8) Harris AN/PRC-152A waveform, (3.9) DDL, (3.10) MAGTF CLT, (3.11) USA BCT, (3.12) Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW), (3.13) SRW narrowband by Harris and TrellisWare, (3.14) Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW), (3.15) MUOS satellite waveform
- a spectrum manager module contained in the SOC for communicating with a spectrum manager in the network to allocate and coordinate non-interfering battlefield communication channels;
- a GPS-denied network clocking synchronizer module contained in the SOC for maintaining network clock synchronization in a GPS-denied environment
- a transmission scheduler module contained in the SOC for setting a schedule of transmission start times and transmission durations
- an RF system mounted within the RF housing, said RF system having components selected from at least one antenna operationally connected to a duplexer, a power amplifier, a band pass filter, a mixer, a local oscillator, an intermediate frequency filter, a modulator, a baseband processor, a demodulator, a second intermediate frequency filter, a second mixer, a second local oscillator, a low noise amplifier, and a second band pass filter;
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 26.
- (11) a GPS receiver with integrated GPS antenna, connected to the SOC;
- the housing may be an RF housing with a radio-opaque chassis disposed within the RF housing.
- the decoy has an enclosure containing an electronics module having an integrated circuit chip, a GPS chip, a Ku mixer module, multiple amplifiers with heat sinks and fans, a modular receiver having mission specific amplifiers consisting of a medium power amplifier for longer battery life or a high power amplifier for RF challenged urban or canyon environments, a battery, a DC-DC converter, and a DC power fan, the enclosure having a power supply external plug-in, an external digital plug-in, an external analog plug-in, a first external amplifier plug-in, a second external amplifier plug-in, an external buck converter plug-in, an external RF switch, and an external RF filter plug-in.
- an electronics module having an integrated circuit chip, a GPS chip, a Ku mixer module, multiple amplifiers with heat sinks and fans, a modular receiver having mission specific amplifiers consisting of a medium power amplifier for longer battery life or a high power amplifier for RF challenged urban or jungle environments, a battery, a DC-DC converter, and a DC power fan, the enclosure having a power
- the battlefield waveforms are transmit only, using waveforms comprising VHF/UHF waveform, CDL, BE_CDL, and DDL, with transmissions that mimic battlefield conditions including user scheduled transmissions and randomized waveform profiles.
- the invention is configured to simultaneously transmit a set of at least four (4) battlefield waveforms.
- the waveforms are transmitted at cycle rates and amplitudes that approximate or equal/mimic real world battlefield waveform transmissions, including DDL, UHF/VHF with steady state and frequency hopping at 111 hops/s per ANW2 at 30-2000MHz, and including CDL, BE-CDL at 1-18GHz.
- the invention simultaneously transmits four (4) waveforms for at least 18 hours at 16% duty cycle, where duty cycle is either the ratio of the pulse width to the period, or where duty cycle is the percentage of time the invention is transmitting over a specified time period, for a single battery charge i.e. without need for recharge or replacement.
- the housing is a NEMA enclosure is rated 4 for water, sealed against rain or similar leaking water exposure, and the enclosure is sealed against dust/particle contamination, wherein the housing has a flange and channel edging, has bead and channel edging, extended overlap edging, has a flexible gasket edging, or a combination thereof.
- the decoy has a 30MHz-2GHz transmit amplifier that delivers 750 mW of power to the antenna input, has a 1-18GHz transmit amplifier that delivers 500 mW of power to the antenna input, or both.
- the decoy includes a shore power supply.
- the decoy includes a GPS timing module.
- the includes a GUI module with software programming that includes a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows a User to specify a 24 hour on/off schedule for each waveform, that provides at least a week of schedule, that provides configurable waveform profiles where the waveforms have selectable preset default values, that provides a user-selectable center frequencies that can be chosen by the user for each waveform.
- GUI graphical user interface
- GUI module software programming is set to block user reconfiguration of the realistic scheduling module for ON times and power profiles.
- the decoy has a system architecture comprising an (i) enclosure having an electronic circuit system disposed therein, the electronic circuit system comprised of at least one integrated circuit chip, at least one RF filtering and combining module, at least one RF mixing module, at least one RF amplifier module, and a power module; wherein the integrated circuit chip comprises a Processing System (PS) unit and a Programmable Logic (PL) unit; the PS having a schedule manager module and a power management module; the PL having a narrowband FM FHSS waveform generator module, a DDL waveform generator, a CDL waveform generator, a BE-CDL waveform generator, a waveform scheduler module, and a GPS parsing module;
- PS Processing System
- PL Programmable Logic
- an external GPS antenna mounted on the enclosure, the external GPS antenna connected to a GPS integrated circuit chip, the GPS integrated circuit chip in communication with the RTM,
- GPS data is passed to the PL via the RTM using serial communication
- the PS is configured to pass schedule information to the PL via Direct Memory Access (DMA),
- DMA Direct Memory Access
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 45. wherein the PL is configured to pass baseband waveforms to the RF filtering and combining module,
- the RF filtering and combining module is configured to pass conditioned RF data to the RF mixing module
- the RF mixing module is configured to pass modulated data to the RF amplifier module
- At least one omnidirectional transmit antenna mounted on the enclosure, wherein the RF amplifier module is configured to pass high power signals to the transmit antenna.
- the Ul is a touch screen display, is a keyboard or keypad, is a voice actuated input device, or is a combined image and voice actuated device.
- the user interface module is configured to provide a display of center frequencies for each waveform (WCF display), and wherein the user interface module is configured to provide frequency selection (FS display) using a drag and drop tool, wherein the user interface module is configured to provide transmit time period selection (TTP display), wherein the user interface module is configured to provide a quick glance at waveform properties (WP display) using a hover tool, wherein the user interface module is configured to provide a scale-adjustable GPS date and time display(GPS display).
- WCF display center frequencies for each waveform
- FS display frequency selection
- TTP display transmit time period selection
- WP display quick glance at waveform properties
- GPS display scale-adjustable GPS date and time display
- the PS unit is comprised of a PS Scheduler module and a PS Power Management module, where the PS Scheduler module receives Ul inputs for the 24-hour schedules for VHF/UHF, DDL WF, CDL WF, and BE- CDL WF and the PS Scheduler output schedule information to the PL unit, and wherein the PS Power Management module receives schedule information from the PS unit and outputs power on/off signal instructions to the RF SoC.
- the PS unit includes a PS Updates module that is configured to receive http instructions to verify and update the database, to verify and update the transmit details, to verify and update channel availability, and to verify and update the firmware.
- the PL unit comprises a PL Waveform Scheduler module and a PL GPS Parsing module, wherein the Waveform Schedule module receives input from the PS unit 24-hour schedules for VHF/UHF, DDL WF, CDL WF, and BE-CDL WF, and outputs to a PL waveform generator and a waveform macro-
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) schedules module, wherein the GPS Parsing module receives input from the GPS uni, GPS time, and outputs to PL waveform scheduler a GPS timestamp.
- the PL unit of the SoC comprises PL firmware configured to (i) implement DDI I CDL I BE-CDL / UHF modulators, (ii) parse, manage GPS timestamp, (iii) perform digital filtering / mixing I upsampling, and (iv) transmit power modulation and amplifier control.
- PL unit of the SoC comprises an RF Output Generator module, wherein the RF Output Generator module receives Ul inputs of default realistic waveform microschedule profiles, center frequencies, realistic power profiles, and waveform settings, and the RF Output Generator module also receives input from the PL of waveform macroschedules, and the the RF Output Generator module then outputs four (4) scheduled realistic waveforms.
- the SoC PL unit comprises (i) four (4) parallel modulators with a dedicated DAC per channel, a dedicated scheduler per channel, and dedicated power modulation, (ii) DAC-lnteg rated IF/RF mixing, (iii) Digital Filtering, and (iv) an Intelligent Amplifier Control for battery conservation.
- each dedicated scheduler module comprises firmware having a UTC time tracker with sub-10ns precision, accurate GPS reference to eliminate system draft, a UTC start/stop time per channel, and an enable channel selector.
- the PL comprises RF Module configurations for two (2) DDL, a BE-CDL, and a Ku mixer.
- the DDL configuration includes four waveforms from four PL DACs, where the first two - DACO VHF/UHF waveform at 30-2000MHz, DAC1 DDL waveform at 30-2000MHz - output to a power combiner, forwarded to a 10MHz- 4.2GHz amplifier, forwarded to a Duplexer, with the low band split into 2 omnidirectional antennas to achieve 30-2000MHz coverage, and where of the second two - the DAC2 CDL waveform at 1-18GHz - outputs to a Ku band mixer, and then both DAC2 and DAC3 DDL waveform at 1-18GHz - output to a power combiner, forwarded to a 300MHz-18GHz amplifier, forwarded to a 1GHz-18GHz omnidirectional antenna.
- the BE-CDL configuration includes four waveforms from four PL DACs, where the first two - DACO VHF/UHF waveform at 30-2000MHz, DAC1 DDL waveform at 30-2000MHz - output to a power combiner, forwarded to a 10MHz-4.2GHz amplifier, forwarded to a Duplexer, with the low band split into 2
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) omnidirectional antennas to achieve 30-2000MHz coverage, and where the second two - the DAC2 CDL waveform at 1-18GHz and DAC3 DDL waveform at 1-18GHz - output to a power combiner, forwarded to a Ku mixer, forward to a 300MHz-18GHz amplifier, which RF signal is then forwarded to a 1GHz-18GHz omnidirectional antenna.
- the Ku mixer comprises an input of the intermediate frequency (IF) data from DAC, then forwarded to a 21 dB amplifier, while in parallel a chicken microcontroller feeds by USB to a Synthesizer Eval Board EV-ADF and then to a 14 dB amplifier, where both amplifers are then sent to a RF l/Q mixer before sending to a 14dB amplifer, which outputs to the power amplifier.
- IF intermediate frequency
- the antennas may be selected from the group consisting of a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, a bowtie antenna, a yagi-uda antenna, a parabolic antenna, corner antenna, a horn antenna, a fin antenna, a whip antenna, a helical antenna, a patch antenna, NFC or loop NFC antenna, and a wire antenna.
- the DDL waveform comprises a shaped offset QPSK modulated signal with a bandwidth of 6MHz, using a a raised cosine spectral filter, and capable of TDD burst transmissions, with a center frequency of 1780 to 1860 MHz with 20MHz spaced channels.
- the CDL waveform comprises an offset QPSK modulated signal with a bandwidth of 10.71 Mbps or 21.42 Mbps, using a root raised cosine spectral filter, and capable of FDD continuous transmissions, with a Ku center frequency of Ku FL 15.15-15.35GHz, and Ku RL 14.4-14.83GHz.
- the VHF/UHF waveform comprises a FSK, FM, AM modulated signal and capable of continuous transmissions, with a VHF center frequency of 30-300 MHz and UHF 300-3000MHz including L and S bands.
- the power requirement is 55W which comprises 17W at 24V for electronics, 28W at 15V for RF amplifiers, and 10W at 5V for Ku mixer, GPS, and fan.
- the decoy weighs about 25 pounds, and has a size of 14"x10.5"x5.6".
- the invention provides a programmable battlefield decoy that further comprises a second System on a Chip that is configured in parallel to the (first) System on a Chip but is positioned away from the first System on a Chip and at a different orientation to provide RF hardening redundancy.
- the invention provides a programmable battlefield decoy wherein the RF components are implemented in a Software Defined Radio (SDR) as a software module on a personal computer or as an embedded System on a Chip.
- SDR Software Defined Radio
- the invention provides a programmable battlefield decoy wherein the re-programming module for changing from a first waveform signature to a second waveform signature is operatively connected to a waveform update module that is configurable by receiving updated waveforms by direct hardware link through a update port in the housing, or by a wireless link through a wireless transceiver.
- the invention provides a programmable battlefield decoy that has a small form factor housing that is no larger in dimension than 14”x6”x6”.
- the battlefield decoy comprises a repeater module having programming code to receive and re-transmit a specific waveform or signal pattern as a bent-pipe repeater without additional digital signal processing.
- the battlefield decoy comprises a repeater module having programming code to receive, process, and re-transmit a specific waveform or signal pattern, wherein said processing comprises demodulation- remodulation using a MODEM, decompression-recompression using a CODEC, decryption-re-encryption, noise reduction using a filter or software to reduce or eliminate noise, and amplification.
- the battlefield decoy comprises wherein the non-antenna RF components including duplexer, power amplifier, band pass filter, mixer, local oscillator, intermediate frequency filter, modulator, baseband processor, demodulator, second intermediate frequency filter, second mixer, second local oscillator, low noise amplifier, and second band pass filter, are implemented in the System on Chip (SOC).
- SOC System on Chip
- the battlefield decoy comprises an SoC that is a Xilinx Zynq-7000 or 7000S device having a single-core ARM CortexTM-A9 processor mated with 28nm Artix®-7 or Kintex®-7 based programmable logic, at least one 6.25Gb/s to 12.5Gb/s transceiver, and hardened peripherals.
- the battlefield decoy comprises an SoC that is an MPSoC having an Application Processing Unit Quad Arm A53 in communication with
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) an FPGA programmable logic chip, the FPGA programmable logic chip is in communication with a Real Time Processing Unit Dual Arm R5, a Platform Management Unit and a Cyber Security Unit/Module, the FPGA programmable logic chip is also in communication with peripheral controllers for peripherals, and with memory controllers for multiple DDR modules.
- the battlefield decoy comprises an SoC that is configured as a High Intermediate Frequency (IF) Heterodyne Receiver connected to a Direct RF Sampling receiver having an all programmable RFSoC with a DDC connected to a RFADC, wherein a Local Oscillator (LO) feeds a signal into an RF A-D converter which is in communication with a bandwidth Phase Filter (BPF) and an Anti-Aliasing Filter (AAF), the BPF and AAF feed into a low noise amplifier (LNA) which is connected to an antenna assembly.
- IF Intermediate Frequency
- LO Local Oscillator
- BPF Phase Filter
- AAF Anti-Aliasing Filter
- LNA low noise amplifier
- the invention comprises a Method for deploying a battlefield decoy comprising the step: (i) selecting the type of military formation that a user wishes to emulate from a menu having a selection of battlefield waveform signature sets, at least one of said battlefield waveform signature sets comprising at least four (4) battlefield waveforms; (ii) selecting a battlefield waveform signature set; (iii) pre-selecting an alternate battlefield waveform signature set for fast re-programming; (iv) selecting the duration and periodicity of signal transmission of the battlefield waveform signature set; (v) selecting the type of desired signal characteristics such as the control channel used for encryption and the type of encryption such as AES/DES; and (vi) deploying the activated decoy to the field and running any networking and collaboration routines/programming to establish the desired global or system-wide arrangement of decoys.
- the method is performed using the battlefield decoy of claimed herein.
- the method further comprises the step of performing a spectrum interference scan by executing software code in a spectrum manager module contained in the SOC for communicating with a spectrum manager in the network to allocate and coordinate non-interfering battlefield communication channels.
- the method further comprises the step of performing a GPS availability scan by executing software code in a GPS-denied
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) network clocking synchronizer module contained in the SOC for maintaining network clock synchronization in a GPS-denied environment.
- FIGURE 1 is an illustration of an example of the RF emitted on the battlefield and shows that the addition of decoy transmitters can effectively mask the actual location of actual military units.
- FIGURE 2 is a graph showing the types of military units and their associated RF waveforms.
- FIGURE 3 is a chart illustration the system architecture of a preferred, nonlimiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 4 is an illustration of a detailed Ul section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 5 is an illustration of a detailed Ul section with center frequency transmit windows of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 6 is an illustration of a Ul display menu of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 7 is an illustration of a detailed Processing System modules section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 8 is an illustration of a detailed Processing System modules database and firmware section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 9 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 10 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules firmware section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 11 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules inputs and outputs section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention
- FIGURE 12 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules waveform generation section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention
- FIGURE 13 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules scheduler detail section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 14 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules GPS module section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 15 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules DDL configuration section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 16 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules BE-CDL configuration section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 17 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules Ku mixer configuration section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention
- FIGURE 18 is an illustration of some non-limiting examples of antennas useful for the present invention.
- FIGURE 19 is an illustration of a DDL waveform according to the invention.
- FIGURE 20 is an illustration of a CDL waveform according to the invention.
- FIGURE 21 is an illustration of a BE-CDL waveform according to the invention.
- FIGURE 22 is an illustration of a VHF/UHF waveform according to the invention.
- FIGURE 23 is a chart showing a non-limiting example a DDL waveform link budget according to the invention.
- FIGURE 24 is a chart showing a non-limiting example a CDL waveform link budget according to the invention.
- FIGURE 25 is a chart showing a non-limiting comparison of waveform link budget according to the invention.
- FIGURE 26 is a chart showing a non-limiting example of power supply information according to the invention.
- FIGURE 27 is a chart showing a non-limiting example of power supply link budget according to the invention.
- FIGURE 28 is a chart showing a non-limiting example of power distribution information according to the invention.
- FIGURE 29 is a chart showing a non-limiting example of enclosure information according to the invention.
- FIGURE 30 is an illustration of a non-limiting example of an enclosure with schematic and graphic images
- FIGURE 31 is a chart showing a non-limiting example of enclosure weight information according to the invention.
- FIGURE 32 is an illustration showing a non-limiting example of consolidated enclosure according to the invention.
- FIGURE 33 is an illustration of one non-limiting example of a single decoy unit having multiple antennas and mounted on a foldable tripod base.
- FIGURE 34 is a schematic diagram that illustrates the generic components of the system of the invention.
- FIGURE 35 is a schematic diagram that illustrates an example of a User interaction in setting up one of the devices of the system.
- FIGURE 36 is an illustration of one non-limiting example of a single decoy unit having articulating tripod legs and multiple antennas.
- FIGURE 37 is non-limiting example of an electrical block diagram of an RF decoy of the invention.
- FIGURE 38 is non-limiting example of a layout of the RF board inside an RF decoy of the invention.
- FIGURE 39 is non-limiting example of a depicts a top view and a bottom view layout of the digital board inside an RF decoy of the invention.
- FIGURE 40 is a graphic illustration of an example of an electromagnetic (EM) footprint of a set of hypothetical U.S. units, before the inventive decoy device is deployed.
- EM electromagnetic
- FIGURE 41 is a graphic illustration of an example of an electromagnetic (EM) footprint of a set of hypothetical U.S. units combined with the deployment of eight (8) decoy devices.
- EM electromagnetic
- FIGURE 42 is a multi-part series of four (4) graphic illustrations of an example of an electromagnetic (EM) footprint of a set of hypothetical U.S. units combined with the an increasing number of deployed decoy devices and shows the decreasing chances by percentage that a friendly unit will be successfully targeted when an increasing number of decoys are used.
- EM electromagnetic
- FIGURE 43 is a multi-part series of four (4) graphic illustrations of an example of an electromagnetic (EM) footprint of a set of hypothetical U.S. units combined with the an increasing number of deployed decoy devices and shows the increasing chances by percentage that a friendly unit will successfully evade targeting when an increasing number of decoys are used.
- EM electromagnetic
- FIGURE 44 is a integrated circuit chip block diagram for a Zynq-7000S device and shows a single-core ARM CortexTM-A9 processor mated with 28nm Artix®-7 based programmable logic, 6.25Gb/s transceivers and outfitted with commonly used hardened peripherals.
- FIGURE 45 is a integrated circuit chip block diagram for a Xilinx Zynq-7000 device and shows dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 processors integrated with 28nm Artix-7 or Kintex®-7 based programmable logic, up to 6.6M logic cells, and with transceivers ranging from 6.25Gb/s to 12.5Gb/s.
- FIGURE 46 is an illustration of a block diagram in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 46 shows an MPSoC having an Application Processing Unit Quad Arm A53 in communication with an FPGA programmable logic chip.
- the FPGA programmable logic chip is in communication with a Real Time Processing Unit Dual Arm R5, and a Platform Management Unit and a Cyber Security Unit/Module.
- the FPGA programmable logic is also in communication with peripheral controllers for peripherals, and with memory controllers for multiple DDR modules.
- FIGURE 47 is an illustration of a circuit diagram in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 47 shows a High Intermediate Frequency (IF) Heterodyne Receiver connected to a Direct RF Sampling receiver having an all programmable RFSoC with a DDC connected to a RFADC.
- the Local Oscillator (LO) feeds a signal into the RF A-D converter which is in communication with a bandwidth Phase Filter (BPF) and an Anti- Aliasing Filter (AAF).
- BPF Phase Filter
- AAF Anti- Aliasing Filter
- the BPF and AAF feed into the low noise amplifier (LNA) which is connected to the antenna assembly.
- LNA low noise amplifier
- FIGURE 48 is an illustration of an electronics chassis used in the decoy of the present invention.
- FIGURE 49 is a graph showing operating frequencies of commercial cellular transmissions compared to battlefield waveforms.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) reagents, compounds, compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
- radiofrequency or RF components refers to antenna(s), duplexer, power amplifier, bandpass filter, 1st mixer, 1st Local Oscillator, intermediate frequency filter, modem, baseband processor, 2d IF filter, 2d mixer, 2d LO, Low Noise Amplifier, 2d BP filter, and optionally may include one or more accelerometers, codec, GPS unit, and repeaters.
- SoC System on Chip
- SoC usually includes (i) one or more microcontroller, microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) core(s), (ii) memory blocks including a selection of ROM, RAM, EEPROM and flash memory, (iii) timing sources/clock signal generators, including oscillators and phase-locked loops to control execution of SoC functions, (iv) peripherals including counter-timers, real-time timers and power-on reset generators, (v) external interfaces and programming for communication protocols including WiFi, Bluetooth, cellular, USB, FireWire, Ethernet, USART, SPI, and HDMI, (vi) analog interfaces including analog-to-digital converters and digital-to-analog converters, (vii) voltage regulators and power management circuits, and/or (viii) a computer bus to connect the different components, also called “blocks", of the System-on-Chip, and/
- Xilinx SoCs are processor-centric platforms that offer software, hardware and I/O programmability in a single chip.
- the Zynq-7000 family is based on the SoC architecture.
- Zynq-7000 products incorporate a dual core ARM Cortex-A9 based Processing System (PS) and Xilinx Programmable Logic in a single device.
- PS Cortex-A9 based Processing System
- Zynq-7000S devices feature a single-core ARM CortexTM-A9 processor mated with 28nm Artix®-7 based programmable logic, 6.25Gb/s transceivers and outfitted with commonly used hardened peripherals.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 144.
- Zynq-7000 devices are equipped with dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 processors integrated with 28nm Artix-7 or Kintex®-7 based programmable logic, up to 6.6M logic cells, and with transceivers ranging from 6.25Gb/s to 12.5Gb/s.
- the phrase “RF generator” refers to an electronic component capable of generating, transmitting, and/or receiving radiofrequency communication signals of varying types.
- the RF generator can generate 3-4 waveforms to mimic military communications.
- the waveforms include modern software defined radio (SDR) waveforms, CDL (Common Data Link), TCDL (Tactical CDL), Bandwidth-Efficient CDL, Digital Data Link (DDL), Harris Adaptive Networking Wideband (ANW2) Waveform, Harris AN/PRC-117G radio 30MHz-2GHz waveform (ANW2), Harris AN/PRC-152A waveform, MAGTF CLT, USA BCT, Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW), SRW narrowband by Harris and TrellisWare, Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW), MUGS satellite waveform, Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) at 30-87.975 MHz e.g.
- the HAVE QUICK-I/I I waveform having 225MHz to 400MHz waveband, UHF 300MHz- 3GHz, VHF 30MHZ-300MHz, broadband Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET) waveform, and Wide Band Networking Radio Waveform (WBNR), European Secure Software Radio (ESSOR), and Coalition Wideband Networking Waveform (COALWNW).
- MANET broadband Mobile Ad Hoc Networking
- WBNR Wide Band Networking Radio Waveform
- ESSOR European Secure Software Radio
- COALWNW Coalition Wideband Networking Waveform
- Common Data Link is a secure U.S. military communications protocol. It was established by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1991 as the U.S. military’s primary protocol for imagery and signals intelligence. CDL operates within the Ku band at data rates up to 274 Mbit/s. CDL allows for full duplex data exchange. CDL signals are transmitted, received, synchronized, routed, and simulated by Common data link (CDL) Interface Boxes (CIBs).
- CDL Common data link
- the Tactical Common Data Link is a secure data link being developed by the U.S. military to send secure data and streaming video links from airborne platforms to ground stations.
- the TCDL can accept data from many different sources, then encrypt, multiplex, encode, transmit, demultiplex, and route this data at high speeds. It
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET uses a Ku narrowband uplink that is used for both payload and vehicle control, and a wideband downlink for data transfer.
- the TCDL uses both directional and omnidirectional antennas to transmit and receive the Ku band signal.
- the TCDL is designed for UAVs, specifically the MQ-8B Fire Scout, as well as manned non-fighter environments.
- the TCDL transmits radar, imagery, video, and other sensor information at rates from 1.544 Mbit/s to 10.7 Mbit/s over ranges of 200 km. It has a bit error rate of 10e-6 with COMSEC and 10e-8 without COMSEC. It is also intended that the TCDL will in time support the required higher CDL rates of 45, 137, and 274 Mbit/s.
- the DDL design incorporates aspects of a software-defined radio with the ability to “field-select” the frequency band in which to operate, the channel frequency within that band, the bandwidth of each channel, and the radiated power level.
- the Soldier Radio Waveform supports a discrete a set of bandwidths, has a frequency range fomr 225 MHz to 420 MHz; and from 1.350 GHz to 2.500 GHz, has a maximum data rate of 2 Mbps, and uses a multiple access channel (MAC) method of hybrid CSMA/TDMA.
- SRW Soldier Radio Waveform
- the Wideband Networking Waveform uses a selection of operating modes including Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiple Access (OFDM-WB) mode, Anti-jam (WB) mode, BEAM (NB) mode, and LPI/LPD (Low Probability of Intercept/Detection — spread) mode, has a Frequency Range from 225 to 420 MHz;
- OFDM-WB Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiple Access
- WB Anti-jam
- NB BEAM
- LPI/LPD Low Probability of Intercept/Detection — spread
- the Harris Networking Waveform (ANW2) has a range of bandwidths from 500 KHz to 5 MHz, a range of data rates up tp 10 Mbps
- RF generators may also be equipped to include cellular signals and their graphically visible waveforms, such as LTE, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WiMax, HSPA+, EV-DO, etc.
- RF gigahertz
- decoy refers to a device that generates false RF signals that look like the collective signal signature of a group, the electronic “chatter” that is generated by a military formation such as a military command (>100,000 persons), a corps (20,000-50,000), a division (6000-20,000), a brigade/regiment (3000- 5000), a battalion (300-1000), a company/squadron/battery (80-250), a platoon/troop (26-55), a section/patrol (12-24), a squad (8-12), or a team (2-4).
- decoy does not refer to a physical structure that gives a false radar signature, or to an electronic reflector/transmitter that transmits a false radar signature of a physical structure.
- FIGURE 1 is an illustration of an example of the RF emitted on the battlefield and shows that the addition of decoy transmitters can effectively mask the actual location of actual military units.
- Fig. 1 shows that military units, including ground formations, aircraft, and satellites generate a detectable electromagnetic footprint including SATCOM waveforms, DDL waveforms, ANW 2 waveforms, CDL waveforms, and BE-CDL waveforms.
- Fig. 1 shows that adding decoys that broadcast realistic waveforms can mask the movements and locations of actual military units.
- FIGURE 2 is a graph showing the types of military units and their associated RF waveforms.
- Fig. 2 illustrates that the invention in a preferred embodiment, uses battlefield waveforms as transmit only, using waveforms comprising VHF/UHF waveform, CDL, BE_CDL, and DDL, with transmissions that mimic battlefield conditions including user scheduled transmissions and randomized waveform profiles.
- Fig. 2 shows that in another preferred embodiment, the invention is configured to simultaneously transmit a set of at least four (4) battlefield waveforms.
- the waveforms are transmitted at cycle rates and amplitudes that approximate or equal/mimic real world battlefield waveform
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) transmissions, including DDL, UHF/VHF with steady state and frequency hoping at 111 hops/s per ANW2 at 30-2000MHz, and including CDL, BE-CDL at 1-18GHz.
- FIGURE 3 is a chart illustration the system architecture of a preferred, nonlimiting example according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 shows a non-limiting example of the decoy with a system architecture comprising an (i) enclosure having an electronic circuit system disposed therein, the electronic circuit system comprised of at least one integrated circuit chip, at least one RF filtering and combining module, at least one RF mixing module, at least one RF amplifier module, and a power module; wherein the integrated circuit chip comprises a Processing System (PS) unit and a Programmable Logic (PL) unit; the PS having a schedule manager module and a power management module; the PL having a narrowband FM FHSS waveform generator module, a DDL waveform generator, a CDL waveform generator, a BE-CDL waveform generator, a waveform scheduler module, and a GPS parsing module;
- PS Processing System
- PL Programmable Logic
- an external GPS antenna mounted on the enclosure, the external GPS antenna connected to a GPS integrated circuit chip, the GPS integrated circuit chip in communication with the RTM,
- GPS data is passed to the PL via the RTM using serial communication
- the PS is configured to pass schedule information to the PL via Direct Memory Access (DMA),
- DMA Direct Memory Access
- the PL is configured to pass baseband waveforms to the RF filtering and combining module
- the RF filtering and combining module is configured to pass conditioned RF data to the RF mixing module
- the RF mixing module is configured to pass modulated data to the RF amplifier module
- At least one omnidirectional transmit antenna mounted on the enclosure, wherein the RF amplifier module is configured to pass high power signals to the transmit antenna.
- FIGURE 4 is an illustration of a detailed Ul section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 5 is an illustration of a detailed Ul section with center frequency transmit windows of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- Fig. 5 shows the user interface module is configured to provide a display of center frequencies for each waveform (WCF display), and wherein the user interface module is configured to provide frequency selection (FS display) using a drag and drop tool, wherein the user interface module is configured to provide transmit time period selection (TTP display), wherein the user interface module is configured to provide a quick glance at waveform properties (WP display) using a hover tool, wherein the user interface module is configured to provide a scale-adjustable GPS date and time display(GPS display).
- WCF display center frequencies for each waveform
- TTP display transmit time period selection
- WP display quick glance at waveform properties
- GPS display scale-adjustable GPS date and time display
- FIGURE 6 is an illustration of a Ul display menu of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- Fig. shows a visual display, however, in another preferred embodiment, the Ul is a touch screen display, is a keyboard or keypad, is a voice actuated input device, or is a combined image and voice actuated device.
- Fig. 6 shows a GUI module with software programming that includes a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows a User to specify a 24 hour on/off schedule for each waveform, that provides at least a week of schedule, that provides configurable waveform profiles where the waveforms have selectable pre-set default values, that provides a user-selectable center frequencies that can be chosen by the user for each waveform.
- GUI graphical user interface
- FIGURE 7 is an illustration of a detailed Processing System modules section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- Fig. 7 shows the PS unit is comprised of a PS Scheduler module and a PS Power Management module, where the PS Scheduler module receives Ul inputs for the 24- hour schedules for VHF/UHF, DDL WF, CDL WF, and BE-CDL WF and the PS Scheduler output schedule information to the PL unit, and wherein the PS Power Management module receives schedule information from the PS unit and outputs power on/off signal instructions to the RF SoC.
- FIGURE 8 is an illustration of a detailed Processing System modules database and firmware section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- Fig. 8 shows the PS unit includes a PS Updates module that is configured to receive http instructions to verify and update the database, to verify and update the transmit details, to verify and update channel availability, and to verify and update the firmware.
- FIGURE 9 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- Fig. 9 shows in another preferred embodiment, the PL comprises RF Module configurations for two (2) DDL, a BE-CDL, and a Ku mixer.
- Fig. 9 shows in another preferred embodiment, the PL comprises RF Module configurations for two (2) DDL, a BE-CDL, and a Ku mixer.
- the PL unit comprises a PL Waveform Scheduler module and a PL GPS Parsing module, wherein the Waveform Schedule module receives input from the PS unit 24-hour schedules for VHF/UHF, DDL WF, CDL WF, and BE-CDL WF, and outputs to a PL waveform generator and a waveform macro-schedules module, wherein the GPS Parsing module receives input from the GPS unit, GPS time, and outputs to PL waveform scheduler a GPS timestamp.
- the Waveform Schedule module receives input from the PS unit 24-hour schedules for VHF/UHF, DDL WF, CDL WF, and BE-CDL WF, and outputs to a PL waveform generator and a waveform macro-schedules module
- the GPS Parsing module receives input from the GPS unit, GPS time, and outputs to PL waveform scheduler a GPS timestamp.
- FIGURE 10 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules firmware section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- Fig. 10 shows in another preferred embodiment, the PL unit of the SoC comprises PL firmware configured to (i) implement DDI I CDL I BE-CDL I UHF modulators, (ii) parse, manage GPS timestamp, (iii) perform digital filtering / mixing / upsampling, and (iv) transmit power modulation and amplifier control.
- FIGURE 11 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules inputs and outputs section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- PL unit of the SoC comprises an RF Output Generator module, wherein the RF Output Generator module receives Ul inputs of default realistic waveform microschedule profiles, center frequencies, realistic power profiles, and waveform settings, and the RF Output Generator module also receives input from the PL of waveform macroschedules, and the the RF Output Generator module then outputs four (4) scheduled realistic waveforms.
- FIGURE 12 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules waveform generation section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- Fig. 12 shows in another preferred embodiment, the SoC PL unit comprises (i) four (4) parallel modulators with a dedicated DAC per channel, a dedicated scheduler per channel, and dedicated power modulation, (ii) DAC- Integrated IF/RF mixing, (iii) Digital Filtering, and (iv) an Intelligent Amplifier Control for battery conservation.
- FIGURE 13 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules scheduler detail section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example
- each dedicated scheduler module comprises firmware having a UTC time tracker with sub- 10ns precision, accurate GPS reference to eliminate system draft, a UTC start/stop time per channel, and an enable channel selector.
- FIGURE 14 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules GPS module section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- FIGURE 15 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules DDL configuration section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- the DDL configuration includes four waveforms from four PL DACs, where the first two - DACO VHF/UHF waveform at 30-2000MHz, DAC1 DDL waveform at 30-2000MHz - output to a power combiner, forwarded to a 10MHz-4.2GHz amplifier, forwarded to a Duplexer, with the low band split into 2 omnidirectional antennas to achieve 30-2000MHz coverage, and where of the second two - the DAC2 CDL waveform at 1-18GHz - outputs to a Ku band mixer, and then both DAC2 and DAC3 DDL waveform at 1-18GHz - output to a power combiner, forwarded to a 300MHz-18GHz amplifier, forwarded to a 1GHz-18GHz omnidirectional antenna.
- FIGURE 16 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules BE-CDL configuration section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- Fig. 16 shows in a preferred embodiment, the BE-CDL configuration includes four waveforms from four PL DACs, where the first two - DACO VHF/UHF waveform at 30-2000MHz, DAC1 DDL waveform at 30-2000MHz - output to a power combiner, forwarded to a 10MHz-4.2GHz amplifier, forwarded to a Duplexer, with the low band split into 2 omnidirectional antennas to achieve 30-2000MHz coverage, and where the second two - the DAC2 CDL waveform at 1-18GHZ and DAC3 DDL waveform at 1-18GHz - output to a power combiner, forwarded to a Ku mixer, forward to a 300MHz-18GHz amplifier, which RF signal is then forwarded to a 1GHz-18GHz omnidirectional antenna.
- FIGURE 17 is an illustration of a detailed Programmable Logic modules Ku mixer configuration section of the system architecture of a preferred, non-limiting example according to the invention.
- Fig. 17 shows in another preferred embodiment, the Ku mixer comprises an input of the intermediate frequency (IF) data from DAC, then forwarded to a 21 dB amplifier, while in parallel a chicken microcontroller feeds by USB
- IF intermediate frequency
- FIGURE 18 is an illustration of some non-limiting examples of antennas useful for the present invention.
- the antennas may be selected from the group consisting of a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, a bowtie antenna, a yagi-uda antenna, a parabolic antenna, corner antenna, a horn antenna, a fin antenna, a whip antenna, a helical antenna, a patch antenna, NFC or loop NFC antenna, and a wire antenna.
- FIGURE 19 is an illustration of a DDL waveform according to the invention. Fig.
- the DDL waveform comprises a shaped offset QPSK modulated signal with a bandwidth of 6MHz, using a a raised cosine spectral filter, and capable of TDD burst transmissions, with a center frequency of 1780 to 1860 MHz with 20MHz spaced channels.
- FIGURE 20 is an illustration of a CDL waveform according to the invention. Fig.
- the CDL waveform comprises an offset QPSK modulated signal with a bandwidth of 10.71 Mbps or 21.42 Mbps, using a root raised cosine spectral filter, and capable of FDD continuous transmissions, with a Ku center frequency of Ku FL 15.15-15.35GHz, and Ku RL 14.4-14.83GHz.
- FIGURE 21 is an illustration of a BE-CDL waveform according to the invention.
- Fig. 21 shows in another preferred embodiment, the BE-CDL waveform comprises a QPSK or 8-PSK modulated signal with a bandwidth of 0.5 to 18MHz, using a root raised cosine spectral filter, and capable of FDD continuous transmissions, with a Ku center frequency of Ku 14.4-15.35GHz in 2.5MHz steps.
- FIGURE 22 is an illustration of a VHF/UHF waveform according to the invention.
- Fig. 22 shows in another preferred embodiment, the VHF/UHF waveform comprises a FSK, FM, AM modulated signal and capable of continuous transmissions, with a VHF center frequency of 30-300 MHz and UHF 300-3000MHz including L and S bands.
- FIGURE 23 is a chart showing a non-limiting example a DDL waveform link budget according to the invention.
- FIGURE 24 is a chart showing a non-limiting example a CDL waveform link budget according to the invention.
- FIGURE 25 is a chart showing a non-limiting comparison of waveform link budget according to the invention.
- FIGURE 26 is a chart showing a non-limiting example of power supply information according to the invention.
- Fig. 26 shows the power requirement in one preferred embodiment may be 55W which comprises 17W at 24V for electronics, 28W at 15V for RF amplifiers, and 10W at 5V for Ku mixer, GPS, and fan.
- FIGURE 27 is a chart showing a non-limiting example of power supply link budget according to the invention.
- the invention simultaneously transmits four (4) waveforms for at least 18 hours at 16% duty cycle, where duty cycle is either the ratio of the pulse width to the period, or where duty cycle is the percentage of time the invention is transmitting over a specified time period, for a single battery charge i.e. without need for recharge or replacement.
- the decoy has a 30MHz-2GHz transmit amplifier that delivers 750 mW of power to the antenna input, has a 1-18GHz transmit amplifier that delivers 500mW of power to the antenna input, or both.
- the decoy includes a shore power supply.
- FIGURE 28 is a chart showing a non-limiting example of power distribution information according to the invention.
- FIGURE 29 is a chart showing a non-limiting example of enclosure information according to the invention.
- Fig. 29 shows that the decoy weight range includes from 5- 40 lbs, more preferably 15-35 lbs., and more preferably 20-30 lbs., and more preferably weighs about 25 pounds.
- the decoy has a size of 14"x10.5"x5.6".
- the decoy ranges from length of 10- 40", width from 5-20", and height from 3-20".
- FIGURE 30 is an illustration of a non-limiting example of an enclosure with schematic and graphic images.
- Fig. 30 illustrates that the invention may have a housing that is a NEMA enclosure is rated 4 for water, sealed against rain or similar leaking water exposure, and the enclosure is sealed against dust/particle contamination, wherein the housing has a flange and channel edging, has bead and channel edging, extended overlap edging, has a flexible gasket edging, or a combination thereof.
- FIGURE 31 is a chart showing a non-limiting example of enclosure weight information according to the invention.
- FIGURE 32 is an illustration showing a non-limiting example of consolidated enclosure according to the invention.
- FIGURE 33 is an illustration of one non-limiting example of a single decoy unit having multiple antennas and mounted on a base having foldable support legs.
- Figure 33 shows base support leg(s) 102 attached to folding hinge connector 104 to connect the support leg(s) 102 to the extendable central support post 106.
- the main electronics housing 108 is mounted on top of the central support post 106, and the antenna(s) 110, 112 and control knob 118 are mounted on top of the housing 108.
- Pedestal footer 114 is attached to the bottom of central support post 106.
- Battery 116 is stored within central cavity 122 inside of the hollow cylinder of central support post 106.
- Battery 116 supplies power to the RF components 120 and SOC 124 via power supply 126.
- the RF components 120 include antenna interface, duplexer, power amplifier, BP filter, 1st mixer, 1st LO, IF filter, ADC, modem/DSP, DAC, baseband processor, 2d IF filter, 2d mixer, 2d LO, LNA, and 2d BP filter - notionally represented as RF circuit/electronics 140.
- the RF components may also optionally include memory 128, network card-ports-processor 130, accelerometer, a CODEC, a GPS receiver and processor 132, repeater, network antenna 134, GPS-denied network clocking synchronizer 136, pre-programmed remote activation scheduler 138, and duplicate, redundant electronic pathways and circuitry to make the unit radiation- hardened.
- the RF components are provided using a System on Chip (SoC).
- SoC may include one or more processor(s), memory, I/O, storage, WiFi module programming for transmit- receive RF module, waveform signature(s) module, RF control module, and a power supply module.
- FIGURE 34 is a schematic diagram that illustrates the generic components of the system of the invention.
- the system may comprise a housing 202, RF components 204, an RF generator 208, antennas 206, processing such as a System on Chip 210, and a power source 212.
- the housing 202 includes external controls, I/O ports, antenna ports, a display screen, and stabilizer supports (legs).
- the RF components 204 include antenna interface, duplexer, power amplifier, BP filter, 1st mixer, 1st LO, IF filter, ADC, modem/DSP, DAC, baseband processor, 2d IF filter, 2d mixer, 2d LO, LNA, and 2d BP filter.
- the RF components may also optionally include memory, network card-ports-processor, accelerometer, a CODEC, a GPS receiver and processor, repeater, and duplicate, redundant electronic pathways and circuitry to make the unit radiation-hardened.
- the System on Chip (SoC) 210 includes processor(s), memory, I/O, storage, WiFi module programming for
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) transmit- receive RF module, waveform signature(s) module, RF control module, and a power supply module.
- FIGURE 35 is a schematic diagram that illustrates an example of a User interaction in setting up one of the devices of the system.
- the process may comprise the steps of (i) selecting the type of military formation that a user wishes to emulate 302, (ii) selecting the type of waveform that is representative of those types of formations from a programmed sub-menu 304, (iii) preselecting alternate waveforms for fast re-programming 312, (iv) selecting the duration and periodicity of signal transmission 306, (v) selecting the type of desired signal characteristics such as the control channel used for encryption and the type of encryption such as AES/DES 308, and (vi) deploying the activated decoy to the field and running any networking and collaboration routines/programming to establish the desired global or system-wide arrangement of decoys 310.
- FIGURE 36 is an illustration of one non-limiting example of a single decoy unit having articulating tripod legs and multiple antennas.
- Figure 36 shows an example unit that has a “pop-up” storage and deployment feature where the unit is stored in a closed cannister configuration, and is activated by sliding the bottom footer 402 away from the decoy body 404 and deploying the articulating stabilizer legs 406.
- This example shows a device have two different types of antennas 408, 410, two control knobs 412, 414, a display window 416 in a cylindrical housing 404 having a center post 418 for sliding the unit between the open and closed positions, a circular base or footer 402, and multiple (3-6) articulating legs 406 that each have a contact pad420 connected to an adjustment arm 422 that is (slidably) connected to a vertical support member 424 mounted within the cylinder of the housing.
- FIGURE 37 is non-limiting example of a generic electrical block diagram of an RF decoy of the invention.
- Figure 37 shows an antenna 502, a battery 504, antenna interface 506, and receiver module 508.
- Digital Radio Frequency Modulation and other DSP processing is handled at generator 510.
- Waveform external control module 512 and WiFi and GPA location module 514 are shown in communication with generator system 510.
- Repeater unit 516 and rad-hard redundancy module 518 are shown also in communication with generator system 510.
- Transmitter 520 is in circuit and any transmission signal is transferred to the antenna 502 through interface 506.
- FIGURE 38 is non-limiting example of a layout of the RF board inside an RF decoy of the invention.
- Figure 38 shows antenna 602 attached to antenna interface
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) and/or duplexer 604.
- Antenna interface 604 on the receive channel connects to a low noise amplifier 606, a band pass filter 608 and a LO/balanced mixer 610.
- the transmit channel includes a DSP/synthesizer unit 612 and a processor unit 614 that may contain ADC/DAC, MODEM, and other secondary DSP aspects, including I/O outputs at 614.
- the transmit channel then continues with the second LO/balanced mixer 618, optional phase shifter or IF filter 620, a band pass filter 622, a high power amplifier 624 and then back to the antenna interface 604/switch.
- FIGURE 39 is non-limiting example of a top view and a bottom view layout of an example of a digital board inside an RF decoy of the invention.
- Figure 39 shows an example of a layout of the Digital Board including digital processors, analog to digital converters, digital to analog converters, memory units and programmable gate arrays.
- the real time software that controls the mission of the RF decoy resides in this Digital Board.
- FIGURE 40 is a graphic illustration of an example of an electromagnetic (EM) footprint of a set of hypothetical U.S. units, before the inventive decoy device is deployed.
- EM electromagnetic
- FIGURE 41 is a graphic illustration of an example of an electromagnetic (EM) footprint of a set of hypothetical U.S. units combined with the deployment of eight (8) decoy devices.
- EM electromagnetic
- FIGURE 42 is a multi-part series of four (4) graphic illustrations of an example of an electromagnetic (EM) footprint of a set of hypothetical U.S. units combined with the an increasing number of deployed decoy devices and shows the decreasing chances by percentage that a friendly unit will be successfully targeted when an increasing number of decoys are used.
- EM electromagnetic
- FIGURE 43 is a multi-part series of four (4) graphic illustrations of an example of an electromagnetic (EM) footprint of a set of hypothetical U.S. units combined with the an increasing number of deployed decoy devices and shows the increasing chances by percentage that a friendly unit will successfully evade targeting when an increasing number of decoys are used.
- EM electromagnetic
- FIGURE 44 is a integrated circuit chip block diagram for a Zynq-7000S device and shows a single-core ARM CortexTM-A9 processor mated with 28nm Artix®-7 based programmable logic, 6.25Gb/s transceivers and outfitted with commonly used hardened peripherals.
- FIGURE 45 is a integrated circuit chip block diagram for a Xilinx Zynq-7000 device and shows dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 processors integrated with 28nm Artix-7 or Kintex®-7 based programmable logic, up to 6.6M logic cells, and with transceivers ranging from 6.25Gb/s to 12.5Gb/s.
- FIGURE 46 is an illustration of a block diagram in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 46 shows an MPSoC having an Application Processing Unit Quad Arm A53 in communication with an FPGA programmable logic chip.
- the FPGA programmable logic chip is in communication with a Real Time Processing Unit Dual Arm R5, and a Platform Management Unit and a Cyber Security Unit/Module.
- the FPGA programmable logic is also in communication with peripheral controllers for peripherals, and with memory controllers for multiple DDR modules.
- FIGURE 47 is an illustration of a circuit diagram in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 47 shows a High Intermediate Frequency (IF) Heterodyne Receiver connected to a Direct RF Sampling receiver having an all programmable RFSoC with a DDC connected to a RFADC.
- the Local Oscillator (LO) feeds a signal into the RF A-D converter which is in communication with a bandwidth Phase Filter (BPF) and an Anti- Aliasing Filter (AAF).
- BPF Phase Filter
- AAF Anti- Aliasing Filter
- the BPF and AAF feed into the low noise amplifier (LNA) wich is connected to the antenna assembly.
- LNA low noise amplifier
- FIGURE 48 is an illustration of an electronics chassis in accordance with the present invention.
- Fig. 48 shows chassis laying on its side and viewing down the interior cavity from the top end towards the bottom end.
- the chassis is configured as a rectangular open-ended box having four side panels.
- Three of the four exterior side panels have an array of longitudinal radiative fins running the length of the chassis from top to bottom.
- the fourth exterior side panel is smooth and includes openings for input, output, control, access, and so forth.
- the interior of the chassis includes ribs and channels for mounting the RF components and other electronics. The radiative fins are used to radiate excess heat that is generated by the RF broadcast away from the decoy unit to protect the electronics from thermal damage.
- the chassis (or sections thereof) is constructed using radio-opaque composites.
- Radio-opaque composites according to the present invention include a base chassis material infused with a radio-opaque additive such as barium sulfate, bismuth compounds, and tungsten compounds.
- Base materials include polymers, glasses, ceramics, metals, metal alloys, and composite materials.
- Non-limiting examples of polymers may include polycarbonates, HD- and LD- polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polyvinylchlorides, polystyrenes, nylons, polytetrafuoroethylenes, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polysulfides, polysulfones, polysilicones, polysiloxanes, polyaramids, polyimides, halogenated polymers, polyacrylonitrile, carbon polymers, carbon sheets, carbon nanomaterials, and co-polymers of the above.
- Non-limiting examples of glass may include silica glass, fused-silica glass, soda-lime glass, lead glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, and fiberglass.
- Non-limiting examples of metals and metal alloys may include aluminum, steel, nickel, copper, titanium, and zinc.
- Non-limiting examples of composite materials may include a homogenous material having fibers of a second material, a first material coated by a second material, and combinations and permutations of materials doped and/or coated in multiple layers having radio-opaque functionality.
- the housing may be constructed of metal, metal alloy, polymer, ceramic, and composite materials.
- the housing may be a unitary construction or may be assembled in a modular manner.
- the housing may be weather-proofed using gaskets, seals, and coating.
- the housing has one or more antenna ports for attaching the external portion of antennas, as well as external user controls, I/O ports, an optional display screen, as well as attachment hardware for stabilizer supports.
- the device is folded into a compact form factor and upon deployment is manually or automatically unfolded and opened.
- the unit has foldable stabilizer legs, such as tripod.
- the legs may be articulatable and adjustable.
- the articulatable legs may be adjustable along an x-axis, or along both an x- and y-axis (up/down, side-to-side), or along an x-, y-, and z-axis (up/down, side-to-side, rotationally).
- the housing dimensions are no larger than approximately 12” h x 6” w x 6” d, although the unit itself may be asymmetrical.
- the housing is no larger than 18” h x 9” w x 9” d.
- the housing is no larger than 24” h x 12” w x 12” d.
- the housing includes a chassis as shown in Figure 16.
- FIG. 49 there is a graph showing operating frequencies of commercial cellular transmissions compared to battlefield waveforms.
- Mobile phones in the United States operate at different frequencies based on carrier, uplink/downlink, and generation.
- 2G and 3G cellular phones operate at 850 MHz uplink, and
- 4G cellular phones operate mainly at 1700 MHz uplink, and 2100 MHz downlink with average transmission speeds of 5-12 Mbps. To compare to military-based operations, we overlay these frequencies and data rates on a chart displaying demonstrated throughput of the various MANET waveforms of interest.
- the 4G waveforms exist in a desirable section of the tradespace with higher data rates than achieved by both legacy and MANET waveforms, but in the same frequency range as both the SRW and WNW systems.
- the antenna is selected from the group consisting of: a phase array antenna, Wire Antennas selected from a Short Dipole Antenna, a Dipole Antenna, a Half-Wave Dipole, a Broadband Dipoles, a Monopole Antenna, a Folded Dipole Antenna, a Loop Antenna, and a Cloverleaf Antenna, Travelling Wave Antennas selected from a Helical Antenna, a Yagi-Uda Antenna, and a Spiral Antenna, Reflector Antennas selected from a Corner Reflector, and a Parabolic Reflector (Dish Antenna), Microstrip Antennas selected from a Rectangular Microstrip (Patch) Antenna, and a Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA), Log-Periodic Antenna
- the RF components may include a clocking circuit, a duplexer, a power
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) amplifier, a band pass filter, a mixer, a local oscillator, an intermediate frequency filter, a modulator/demodulator, digital signal processor and DSP programming, analog-to- digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog (DAC) converters, a baseband processor, a second intermediate frequency filter, a second mixer, a second local oscillator, a low noise amplifier, a second band pass filter.
- ADC analog-to- digital
- DAC digital-to-analog
- Additional optional RF components may include memory, including PROM, Flash, SDRAM, EEPROM, DSP components, an accelerometer, a CODEC, GPS, repeater circuit, and networking hardware and programming for communicating with other local decoy devices.
- memory including PROM, Flash, SDRAM, EEPROM, DSP components, an accelerometer, a CODEC, GPS, repeater circuit, and networking hardware and programming for communicating with other local decoy devices.
- the RF components may include may include specialized processors such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and Application Specific Integrated Chips (ASICs).
- FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- ASICs Application Specific Integrated Chips
- the RF components may also include radiation hardening designs such as providing multiple redundant logic and chip components arrayed in a non-linear spatial arrangement, and temporal latch technology with multiple parallel redundant processes running at off-set times and using a voting feature.
- each decoy within an array or constellation may be programmed to transmit a specific waveform or signal pattern.
- the system may be comprised of a 1st decoy or 1st group of decoys that is broadcasting a ground troop formation signal or signal set/waveform, a 2d decoy or 2d group of decoys is broadcasting an artillery signal or signal set/waveform, a 3d decoy or 3d group of decoys is broadcasting a reconnaissance signal or signal set/waveform, and a 4th decoy or 4th group of decoys is broadcasting a command signal or signal set/waveform.
- each decoy within an array or constellation may be programmed to receive and re-transmit a specific waveform or signal pattern.
- the signal may be received, processed, amplified, and re-transmitted. Processing may include demodulation- remodulation using a MODEM, decompression-recompression using a CODEC,
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) decrypted-re-encrypted, and noise reduced using a filter or software to reduce or eliminate noise such as gaussian white noise, etc.
- the system may be comprised of a 1st decoy or 1st group of decoys that is broadcasting a military waveform signal or signal set/waveform, a 2d decoy or 2d group of decoys receives and re-transmits the military waveform signal or signal set/waveform.
- the battlefield decoy comprises a repeater module having programming code to receive and re-transmit a specific waveform or signal pattern as a bent-pipe repeater without additional digital signal processing.
- the battlefield decoy comprises a repeater module having programming code to receive, process, and re-transmit a specific waveform or signal pattern, wherein said processing comprises demodulation- remodulation using a MODEM, decompression-recompression using a CODEC, decryption-re-encryption, noise reduction using a filter or software to reduce or eliminate noise, and amplification.
- a radio transmitter consists of these basic components:
- a radio frequency (RF) amplifier to increase the power of the signal, to increase the range of the radio waves
- An impedance matching (antenna tuner) circuit to match the impedance of the transmitter to the impedance of the antenna (or the transmission line to the antenna), to transfer power efficiently to the antenna.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 240.
- Software-defined radio is a radio communication system where components that have been traditionally implemented in hardware (e.g. mixers, filters, amplifiers, modulators/demodulators, detectors, etc.) are instead implemented by means of software on a computer or embedded system.
- An SDR includes RF hardware, a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA), and Intermediate Frequency (IF) Filter, analogdigital converter (ADC), a digital channel converter, a sampling rate converter, a Base Band processing system that includes a Base Band hardware processor such as a Field Programmable gate Array (FPGA), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and/or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), and a Base Band software processor that may include a Virtual Radio Machine, one or more algorithms, Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), and other programming modules such as those provided in the GNU Radio software development toolkit (sdk) that provides signal processing blocks to implement software-defined radios and signal-processing systems with external RF hardware to create software-defined radios.
- LNA Low-Noise Amplifier
- IF Intermediate Frequency
- ADC analogdigital converter
- ADC digital channel converter
- sampling rate converter a Base Band processing system that includes a Base Band hardware processor such as a Field Programmable gate Array (
- An SDR transmitter is simply (1) an RF front-end (hardware) that includes an antenna, amplifier, filter, and optionally a D/A converter, coupled to (2) programming software code instructions for performing some or all of the following functions using a processor: modem, codec, encryption, network connection, routing, graphical user interface, and optionally ADC.
- the programmable multi-waveform RF generator is a configured to fit within a small form factor.
- the RF generator described herein is used for mimic’ing the signals, signal sets, or waveforms of military formations.
- the device is capable of producing up to 16 different signals simultaneously.
- waveforms are collected and saved in waveform sets. Waveforms sets include the typical waveform profile of a specific military formation or unit; one set per organization unit.
- the invention includes a waveform set of frequencies for a Marine infantry unit,
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) or an Army squad, platoon, company, artillery battery, battalion, regiment, brigade, army special forces, or a Navy ship, task unit, task group, task force, fleet, or Navy special forces, or Air Force flight group, squadron, wing, brigade, division, or Air Force special forces.
- the device is programmable to transmit 4 waveform sets simultaneously.
- the device allows for the waveform sets to be re-programmable to other groups of waveform sets.
- the programming can be established from local memory in the device, or it can be remotely downloaded from a network control, or custom set grouping using both local and remote waveform sets.
- a decoy unit may be programmed to broadcast 4 simultaneous waveforms: a Marine infantry waveform set, an Artillery waveform set, a Special Forces waveform set, and an Air Force squadron waveform set.
- an RF transmitter having a programmable and extensible wireless channel transmitter accommodating networks of 8 to 100 radio nodes operating in a frequency range of 2 MHz to 2 GHz.
- the transmitter should be high fidelity, broadband, have good delay and attenuation resolutions, a large dynamic range, low minimum latency, provide high isolation between radios, and emulate propagation delays of up to 1 second.
- the transmitter should handle radio networks using multiple protocols and waveforms, including full duplex, frequency agile, and power adaptable radios, through a single RF port per radio.
- the transmitter should be capable of running programmed protocols with time-varying losses, delays, multipath, Doppler, and statistical fading.
- the transmitter should also have a modular and scalable design that has 400 MHz input, and 250 MHz output bandwidths over 2-2000 MHz while offering a large transmitted receive signal dynamic range and high isolation full duplex operation with transmit powers from 1 mW to 200 W.
- the transmitter is waveform agnostic, may handles frequency agile radios, and may be configured to transmit up to 64 time-varying, high fidelity multipath channels.
- the transmitter may also establish and work in a radio network of 2-50 devices, with transmit and receive channels reserved for digital links to external controllers.
- the SoC may contain software programming code for receiving and transmitting battlefield waveforms, a re-programming module for changing from a first waveform signature to a second waveform signature, an RF module for controlling the RF components in the RF housing.
- the device is capable of producing up to 16 different signals simultaneously.
- the unit is equipped with GPS receiver and location memory for recovery and re-use. Upon deployment, the unit can be programmed to receive GPS coordinates, which are then saved to memory. The unit may also be programmed to report it’s GPS location to a central decoy operator or decoy operation server.
- the power supply may include an electric battery to provides the current and the voltage required for the entire period of operation of the RF decoy.
- the power supply provides over 48 hours of continuous decoy transmission.
- the device may be configured with a solar trickle charge unit and the unit may be programmed to temporarily power down during re-charging of the battery, and then re-initiate transmissions once the battery is charged.
- the preferred battery is a thermal battery that can be maintenance-free for a period of at least 10-15 years, being rechargeable or replaceable afterwards.
- the thermal battery is activated at the instance of the deployment by an appropriate mechanism.
- an alkaline battery, a lithium battery, NiCad battery, a hydrogen fuel cell, a polymer battery, a solar panel charged battery system, or a separate external battery linked to a a power charging port may be used instead of the thermal battery.
- the power supply unit is a DC to DC converter which accepts the voltage of the battery (at a nominal value of 12V) and transforms it to several regulated voltages (such as 8V, 5V, 3.3V, 1.8V, 1.2V etc).
- the invention provides a programmable battlefield decoy that further comprises a second System on a Chip that is configured in parallel to the (first) System on a Chip but is positioned away from the first System on a Chip and at a different orientation to provide RF hardening redundancy.
- the invention provides a programmable battlefield decoy wherein the RF components are implemented in a Software Defined Radio (SDR) as a software module on a personal computer or as an embedded System on a Chip.
- SDR Software Defined Radio
- the invention provides a programmable battlefield decoy wherein the re-programming module for changing from a first waveform signature to a second waveform signature is operatively connected to a waveform update module that is configurable by receiving updated waveforms by direct hardware link through a update port in the housing, or by a wireless link through a wireless transceiver.
- the invention provides a programmable battlefield decoy that has a small form factor housing that is no larger in dimension than 12”x6”x6".
- Clocking determines how individual decoys or entire decoy networks sample transmitted data. As streams of information are received by a decoy in a network, a clock source specifies when to sample the data.
- the clock source is derived locally, whereas in synchronous networks a central, external clock source is used.
- Interface clocking indicates whether the decoy uses asynchronous or synchronous clocking. In a battlefield situation it is highly probable that that GPS signals, which are often used for clocking, will be jammed resulting in a GPS-denied communication environment. In this situation, the decoys will need to be able to maintain successful communications.
- a clocking synchronization module is provided to allow, in one preferred embodiment, decoy networks that are designed to operate as an asynchronous network, where each decoy generates its own clock signal, or decoys use clocks from more than one clock source.
- the clocks within the network are not synchronized to a single clock source, such as GPS. By default, decoys generate their own clock signals to send and receive traffic.
- a system clock allows the decoy to sample (or detect) and transmit data being received and transmitted through its interfaces. Clocking enables the device to detect and transmit the Os and 1s that make up digital traffic through the interface. Failure to detect the bits within a data flow results in dropped traffic. Short-term fluctuations in the clock signal are known as clock jitter. Long-term variations in the signal are known as clock wander. Asynchronous clocking can either derive the clock signal from the data stream or transmit the clocking signal explicitly.
- T1 links data stream clocking occurs when separate clock signals are not transmitted within the network. Instead, devices must extract the clock signal from the data stream. As bits are transmitted across the network, each bit has a time slot of 648 nanoseconds. Within a time slot, pulses are transmitted with alternating voltage peaks and drops. The receiving device uses the period of alternating voltages to determine the clock rate for the data stream.
- Clock signals that are shared by hosts across a data link must be transmitted by one or both endpoints on the link.
- one host operates as a clock master and the other operates as a clock slave.
- the clock master internally generates a clock signal that is transmitted across the data link.
- the clock slave receives the clock signal and uses its period to determine when to sample data and how to transmit data across the link.
- This type of clock signal controls only the connection on which it is active and is not visible to the rest of the network.
- An explicit clock signal does not control how other devices or even other interfaces on the same device sample or transmit data.
- a network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter or physical network interface) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a network.
- the network controller implements the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a specific physical layer and data link layer standard such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi. This provides a base for a full network protocol stack, allowing communication among computers on the same local area network (LAN) and large-scale network communications through routable protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP).
- IP Internet Protocol
- the NIC allows computers to communicate over a computer network, either by using cables or wirelessly.
- the NIC is both a physical layer and data link layer device, as it provides physical access to a networking medium and, for IEEE 802 and similar networks, provides a low-level addressing system through the use of MAC addresses that are uniquely assigned to network interfaces.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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CA3205090A CA3205090A1 (en) | 2021-01-15 | 2021-01-15 | Programmable multi-waveform rf generator for use as battlefield decoy |
AU2021418936A AU2021418936A1 (en) | 2021-01-15 | 2021-01-15 | Programmable multi-waveform rf generator for use as battlefield decoy |
PCT/CA2021/050038 WO2022150901A1 (en) | 2021-01-15 | 2021-01-15 | Programmable multi-waveform rf generator for use as battlefield decoy |
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US20220255649A1 (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2022-08-11 | Algorkorea Co. Ltd | Mobile terminal having integrated radio function, and integrated radio system using same |
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2021
- 2021-01-15 CA CA3205090A patent/CA3205090A1/en active Pending
- 2021-01-15 WO PCT/CA2021/050038 patent/WO2022150901A1/en active Application Filing
- 2021-01-15 AU AU2021418936A patent/AU2021418936A1/en active Pending
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