WO2022146660A1 - Système satellite multifaisceaux activé à entrées multiples et sorties multiples en visibilité directe - Google Patents

Système satellite multifaisceaux activé à entrées multiples et sorties multiples en visibilité directe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022146660A1
WO2022146660A1 PCT/US2021/062978 US2021062978W WO2022146660A1 WO 2022146660 A1 WO2022146660 A1 WO 2022146660A1 US 2021062978 W US2021062978 W US 2021062978W WO 2022146660 A1 WO2022146660 A1 WO 2022146660A1
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Prior art keywords
antennae
satellite
mimo
ground
interference
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PCT/US2021/062978
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English (en)
Inventor
Bassel F BEIDSAS
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Hughes Network Systems, Llc
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/136,860 external-priority patent/US20210118873A1/en
Application filed by Hughes Network Systems, Llc filed Critical Hughes Network Systems, Llc
Priority to EP21863049.9A priority Critical patent/EP4272346A1/fr
Priority to CA3202795A priority patent/CA3202795A1/fr
Publication of WO2022146660A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022146660A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
    • H04B7/18517—Transmission equipment in earth stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems

Definitions

  • Prior Art MIMO systems require channels that are scatter-rich, such as typically found in terrestrial wireless networks.
  • Some prior art satellites systems use MIMO for low- earth orbit (LEO) applications as they would still benefit from scatter-rich environment, resulting from Ricean fading with low Rice factor.
  • Some other prior art satellites systems use multiple satellites with one MIMO antenna disposed on each satellite, a very costly alternative.
  • LOS conditions rather than scatter-rich, are encountered in geostationary satellite systems traditionally limiting the usefulness of MIMO.
  • the present teachings disclose a multibeam satellite system that can achieve orthogonality between spatially multiplexed signals in a multi -input multi-output (MIMO) configuration when operating in line-of-sight (LOS) uplink and downlink channels on a feeder link side, using essentially a common spot beam.
  • MIMO multi -input multi-output
  • the teachings maximize a MIMO capacity across multiple frequency bands by disclosing an antenna array geometry for disposition on-board a single satellite and for a ground segment.
  • a system of one or more computers can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform a method for providing Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) feeder uplinks for a satellite.
  • MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output
  • the method including separating X satellite antennae on the satellite, pre -interference processing Y gateway uplink Tx signals to generate Y antennae uplink signals that minimize channel interference for a MIMO reception at the X satellite antennae, and disposing Y ground antennae such that a MIMO transmission of the Y antennae uplink signals by the Y ground antennae is spatially orthogonal upon the MIMO reception at the X satellite antennae, where X is greater than 1, Y is greater than 1, the X satellite antennae are dominant line-of-sight (LOS) of the Y ground antennae, and a channel capacity of the MIMO transmission is greater than a channel capacity of Y Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) transmissions.
  • LOS line-of-sight
  • the method for the uplinks may include one or more of the following.
  • the method may include transmitting the Y antennae uplink signals as the MIMO transmission; and receiving the MIMO transmission at the satellite.
  • the method where the pre-interference processing is based on one or more of, a weighted or nonweighted version of, a zero-forcing (ZF) criteria, a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criteria, or a regularized ZF (RZF) criteria.
  • ZF zero-forcing
  • MMSE minimum mean-square error
  • RZF regularized ZF
  • the method where the satellite includes a GEO satellite having a bent-pipe design, an on-board processing design, a transparent payload design, a regenerative payload design or a combination thereof.
  • the method where the pre-interference processing mitigates interference in a presence of an additive white Gaussian noise (AW GN) vector.
  • the method where the pre-interference processing is based on a linear operation multiplying the Y antennae uplink signals with a matrix or a linear combination of the Y antennae uplink signals.
  • the method where the ground antennae are interconnected via a fiber or microwave link.
  • the method where the pre-interference processing is based on high-quality channel state information (CSI) about the propagation of the MIMO transmission.
  • CSI channel state information
  • a system of one or more computers can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform a method for providing Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) feeder downlinks for a satellite.
  • MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output
  • the method including separating X satellite antennae on the satellite, disposing Y ground antennae such that a MIMO transmission by the X satellite antennae is spatially orthogonal upon a MIMO reception of Y antennae downlink signals by the Y ground antennae, and post-interference processing the Y antennae downlink signals to generate Y gateway downlink signals that minimize channel interference for the MIMO reception at the Y ground antennae, where X is greater than 1, Y is greater than 1, the Y ground antennae are dominant line-of-sight (LOS) of the X satellite antennae, and a channel capacity of the MIMO transmission is greater than a channel capacity of X Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) transmissions.
  • LOS line-of-sight
  • the method for the downlinks may include one or more of the following.
  • the method may include transmitting the MIMO transmission via the X satellite antennae; and receiving the MIMO transmission as the Y antennae downlink signals.
  • the method where X and Y are equal.
  • the method where the post-interference processing mitigates interference in a presence of an additive white Gaussian noise (AW GN) vector.
  • AW GN additive white Gaussian noise
  • the method where the post -interference processing is based on a linear operation multiplying the Y antennae downlink signals with a matrix or a linear combination of the Y antennae uplink signals.
  • the method where the post-interference processing is based on one or more of, a weighted or non-weighted version of, a zero-forcing (ZF) criteria, a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criteria, or a regularized ZF (RZF) criteria.
  • ZF zero-forcing
  • MMSE minimum mean-square error
  • RZF regularized ZF
  • the method where the ground antennae are interconnected via a fiber or microwave link.
  • the method where the post-interference processing is based on high-quality channel state information (CSI) about the propagation of the MIMO transmission.
  • CSI channel state information
  • FIG. 1 A illustrates a MIMO-enabled feeder link for multibeam satellite systems in LOS for a 2 ⁇ 2 case according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. IB illustrates a MIMO-enabled feeder link for multibeam satellite systems in LOS for a 3x3 case according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an aspect of the subject matter in accordance with one embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a maximum MIMO capacity that is achieved for different choices of the number of transmit and receive antennae according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a capacity of a 2x2 MIMO as a function of distance between the ground antennae on an uplink in the forward direction according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a capacity of a 3x3 MIMO as a function of distance between the ground antennae on an uplink in the forward direction according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 plots a three-dimensional normalized capacity as a MIMO pair of gateways experience a rainfall event on an uplink in the forward direction according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of ground-based linear pre-interference processing for spatial distinguishability on an uplink portion of a feeder link in a forward direction according to various embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a capacity of a 2x2 MIMO as a function of distance between the ground antennae on a downlink in the return direction according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a capacity of a 3x3 MIMO as a function of distance between the ground antennae on a downlink in the return direction according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 plots a three-dimensional normalized capacity as a MIMO pair of gateways experience a rainfall event on a downlink in a return direction according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram of ground-based linear post-interference processing for spatial distinguishability on a downlink portion of a feeder link in a return direction according to various embodiments.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a Method 1200 for providing Multi -Input Multi-Output (MIMO) feeder uplinks for a satellite in accordance with one embodiment.
  • MIMO Multi -Input Multi-Output
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a method 1300 for providing Multi -Input Multi-Output (MIMO) feeder downlinks for a satellite in accordance with one embodiment.
  • MIMO Multi -Input Multi-Output
  • the present teachings may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product at any possible technical detail level of integration
  • the computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention
  • the computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device.
  • the computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • a non- exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EPROM or Flash memory erasable programmable read-only memory
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • DVD digital versatile disk
  • memory stick a floppy disk
  • mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon
  • a computer readable storage medium is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.
  • Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network.
  • the network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers.
  • a network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device.
  • Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as SMALLTALK, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages.
  • the computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server.
  • the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
  • electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention.
  • These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s).
  • the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures.
  • two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
  • the present teachings disclose a multibeam satellite system that can achieve orthogonality between spatially multiplexed signals in a multi -input multi-output (MIMO) configuration when operating in line-of-sight (LOS) channels, using essentially a common spot beam.
  • MIMO multi -input multi-output
  • LOS line-of-sight
  • the teachings maximize a MIMO capacity across multiple frequency bands by disclosing an antenna array geometry for disposition on-board a single satellite and for a ground segment.
  • linear pre-processing at the gateways spatially separates the multiplexed signals without requiring matrix processing onboard the satellite for the uplink of the forward direction.
  • linear post-processing at the gateways may spatially separate the multiplexed signals without requiring matrix processing onboard the satellite.
  • the gateway -based linear processing enables MIMO in LOS with existing satellite bent-pipe architectures.
  • GEO Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
  • LEO Low Earth Orbit
  • MEO Medium Earth Orbit
  • FIG. 1 A illustrates a MIMO-enabled feeder link for multibeam satellite systems in LOS for a 2 ⁇ 2 case in one embodiment.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary satellite network 100 that implements feeder links using a 2x2 MIMO.
  • Satellite network 100 includes two satellite antennae 104 at a satellite (not shown) separated by a distance ds that are radiating two highly overlapping beams 112.
  • a ground portion of the satellite network 100 consists of two gateway antennae 102, separated by a distance tfe and inter-connected to a data processor 110 at a data processing center.
  • Each gateway antenna 102 serves both satellite antennae 104 simultaneously. Both uplinks 106 and downlinks 108 on the feeder side are provided by the beams 112.
  • the gateway antennae 102 are multi -feed antennae.
  • the satellite antennae 104 are multi -feed antennae.
  • FIG. IB illustrates a MIMO-enabled feeder link for multibeam satellite systems in LOS for a 3x3 case in one embodiment.
  • FIG. IB illustrates an exemplary satellite network 100 that implements feeder links using a 3x3 MIMO.
  • Satellite network 100 includes three satellite antennae 104 at a satellite (not shown) separated by a distance ds that are radiating three highly overlapping beams 112.
  • a ground portion of the satellite network 100 consists of three gateway antennae 102, separated by a distance ds and inter-connected to a data processor 110 at a data processing center.
  • Each gateway antenna 102 serves the three satellite antennae 104 simultaneously.
  • Both uplinks 106 and downlinks 108 on the feeder side are provided by the beams 112.
  • the gateway antennae 102 are arranged on a straight line for illustration only; other arrangements are possible such as forming a triangle.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates mathematical equations for MIMO feeder links according to various embodiments.
  • a MIMO uplink operation - gateway antennae 102 to satellite antennae 104 - may be mapped by an expression 202, an expression 204, an expression 206, an expression 208, an expression 210, an expression 212, an expression 214, and an expression 216.
  • a MIMO downlink operation - satellite antennae 104 to gateway antennae 102 - may be mapped by an expression 218, an expression 220, an expression 222, an expression 224, an expression 226, an expression 228, an expression 230 and an expression 232.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a maximum MIMO capacity that is achieved for different choices of the number of transmit and receive antennae according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a maximum capacity achievable for different counts of transmit and receive antennae.
  • the capacity plot 300 comprises capacities for a SISO 302, a MIMO 2x2 304, a MIMO 3x3 306, and a MIMO 4x4 308 configuration.
  • CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio
  • the capacity plot 300 illustrates channel capacity increases over a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) system.
  • SISO Single-Input Single-Output
  • the capacity plot 300 also illustrates that channel capacity increases, more or less linearly, with an increase in the MIMO order. For example, at 4 bits/sec/Hz, a 12-dB improvement is achieved by using a 4x4 MIMO when compared to the SISO scenario.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a capacity of a 2x2 MIMO as a function of distance between the ground antennae on an uplink in the forward direction according to some embodiments.
  • the 2x2 uplink channel capacity plot 400 includes capacities for a SISO uplink 402, a two SISO uplinks 404, and a 2x2 MIMO Uplink 406.
  • the gateway -pair center is placed in North Las Vegas, NV, with location of 36.4° N and 114.9° W.
  • the CNR is 24 dB.
  • the placement of the gateway pair impacts the achievable capacity, cycling through phase alignment, with value at about 10 bits/sec/Hz, to phase orthogonality, peaking at about 18 bits/sec/Hz.
  • the latter is the maximum MIMO capacity obtained when the two signal streams are spatially orthogonal, ensured by the optimally positioned gateway pair.
  • the proposed MIMO-enabled feeder link outperforms a state-of-the-art SISO feeder link by a 125% and is 12.5% better than using two SISO feeder links.
  • the displacement of the gateway antennae within an acceptable range 408 of several kilometers around the optimal position 410 of the gateway antennae causes very little reduction in capacity.
  • the 2x2 MIMO Uplink 406 capacity is illustrated as a ribbon to cover the E-band frequency range (81-86 GHz).
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a capacity of a 3x3 MIMO as a function of distance between the ground antennae on an uplink in the forward direction according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a capacity plot associated with a 3x3 MIMO configuration in LOS for a geostationary satellite on the equator at orbital location of 97° W, with onboard antenna spacing of 6 m and a carrier frequency (f c ) in the E-band (81-86 GHz) on the uplink in the forward direction.
  • the 3x3 uplink channel capacity plot 500 includes a SISO uplink 502, a three SISO uplinks 504, a 3x3 MIMO uplink 506, an acceptable range 508, and an optimal position 510.
  • the gateway -trio center is placed in North Las Vegas, NV, with location of 36.4° N and 114.9° W.
  • the CNR is 24 dB.
  • the placement of the gateway trio impacts the achievable capacity, cycling through phase alignment, with value at about 11.2 bits/sec/Hz, to phase orthogonality, peaking at about 29 bits/sec/Hz.
  • the latter is the maximum MIMO capacity obtained when the three signal streams are spatially orthogonal, ensured by the optimally positioned gateway trio.
  • the proposed MIMO-enabled feeder link outperforms a state-of-the-art SISO feeder link by a significant 259% and is 20% better than using three SISO feeder links.
  • the displacement of the gateways within acceptable ranges 508 around the optimal positions 510 by several kilometers causes very little reduction in capacity.
  • FIG. 6 plots a three-dimensional normalized capacity as a MIMO pair of gateways experience a rainfall event on an uplink in the forward direction according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 displays the three-dimensional normalized capacity as the MIMO pair of gateways experience a rainfall events inducing attenuation over a wide range of values with CNR at 24 dB.
  • the gateway placement is optimized under clear-sky conditions and ground-based pre-interference processing is implemented to mitigate MIMO interference for the uplink in the forward direction resulting from the differential attenuations experienced by both sites. The capacity reduction is minimized even as the rain attenuation is 7.5 dB for one of the sites.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of ground-based linear pre-interference processing for spatial distinguishability on an uplink portion of a feeder link in a forward direction according to various embodiments.
  • the uplink pre-interference processing 700 includes a pre-interference processor 702 and a ground antennae 704.
  • the pre-interference processor 702 receives an antennae uplink signal 706 to generate a GW uplink signal 708 for the ground antennae 704.
  • An AWGN vector 710 may be applied to the 708 and received as a MIMO transmission 712 after traversing the space between the ground antennae 704 and satellite antennae (not shown).
  • the system model for the feeder link on the uplink in the forward direction incorporates a MIMO system with NT transmit gateway antennae and NR receive satellite antennae, accompanied by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) vector w u .
  • AWGN additive white Gaussian noise
  • C u of such a MIMO-enabled system may be given by expression 206, where I NR is the identity matrix and p u is the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) on the uplink in the forward direction.
  • I NR is the identity matrix
  • p u is the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) on the uplink in the forward direction.
  • the present teachings pre-correct the transmitted symbol vector Xg at a pre-interference processor 702 via a linear operation, for example, by multiplying the transmitted symbol vector Xg with a matrix G pre .
  • antennae uplink signal 706 x_ g rather than Xg, as in expression 208.
  • y substituting expression 208 into expression 202, the received vector of symbols experience a cascaded channel effect marked by (H u ⁇ Gpre) per expression 210.
  • G pre may be used to obtain G pre such as those based on the zero-forcing (ZF), the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criteria, or regularized ZF (RZF), expressed, respectively, expression 212, expression 214 and expression 216.
  • ZF zero-forcing
  • MMSE minimum mean-square error
  • RZF regularized ZF
  • Weighting can also be applied to the expression 212, expression 214 and expression 216 to provide weighted sum capacity.
  • the ground-based linear pre-interference processing minimizes satellite complexity. This may enable MIMO in LOS with existing satellite bent-pipe design or one with a transparent payload.
  • the MIMO-enabled feeder links may operate with more advanced satellites with on-board processing and ones with regenerative payloads.
  • the preinterference processing generates the transmit signals for the uplink.
  • the pre-interference processing may be inter-connected to the gateways via fiber or through microwave links, while ensuring time and phase alignment of the ground antennae.
  • High-quality channel state information (CSI) about the propagation rays may be available at the gateways. This can be done, for example, by deploying channel sounding using calibration sequences that are orthogonal.
  • CSI channel state information
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a capacity of a 2x2 MIMO as a function of distance between the ground antennae on a downlink in the return direction according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a capacity associated with a 2x2 MIMO configuration in LOS for a geostationary satellite on the equator at orbital location of 97° W, with onboard antenna spacing of 6 m and f c in the E-band (71-76 GHz) on the downlink in the return direction.
  • the 2x2 downlink channel capacity plot 800 includes a SISO downlink 802, a two SISO downlinks 804, a 2x2 MIMO downlink 806, an acceptable range 808, and an optimal position 810.
  • the gateway-pair center is placed in North Las Vegas, NV, with location of 36.4° N and 114.9° W.
  • the CNR is 24 dB.
  • the placement of the gateway pair impacts the achievable capacity, cycling through phase alignment, with value at about 10 bits/sec/Hz, to phase orthogonality, peaking at about 18 bits/sec/Hz.
  • the latter is the maximum MIMO capacity obtained when the two signal streams are spatially orthogonal, ensured by the optimally positioned gateway pair.
  • the proposed MIMO-enabled feeder link outperforms a state-of-the-art SISO feeder link by a tremendous 125% and is 12.5% better than using two SISO feeder links.
  • the displacement of the gateways within an acceptable ranges 808 around the optimal positions 810 by several kilometers causes very little reduction in capacity.
  • 2x2 MIMO downlink 806 is illustrated as a ribbon to cover the E-band frequency range (71-76 GHz).
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a capacity of a 3x3 MIMO as a function of distance between the ground antennae on a downlink in the return direction according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 displays the capacity associated with a 3x3 MIMO configuration in LOS for a geostationary satellite on the equator at orbital location of 97° W, with onboard antenna spacing of 6 m and f c in the E-band (71-76 GHz) on the downlink in the return direction.
  • the 3x3 downlink channel capacity plot 900 includes a SISO downlink 902, a three SISO downlinks 904, a 3x3 MIMO downlink 906, an acceptable range 908, and an item 910.
  • the gateway -trio center is placed in North Las Vegas, NV, with location of 36.4° N and 114.9° W.
  • the CNR. is 24 dB.
  • the placement of the gateway trio impacts the achievable capacity, cycling through phase alignment, with value at about 11.2 bits/sec/Hz, to phase orthogonality, peaking at about 29 bits/sec/Hz.
  • the latter is the maximum MIMO capacity obtained when the three signal streams are spatially orthogonal, ensured by the optimally positioned gateway trio.
  • the proposed MIMO-enabled feeder link outperforms a state-of-the-art SISO feeder link by a significant 259% and is 20% better than using three SISO feeder links. Also evident is that the displacement of the gateways around the optimal positions by several kilometers causes very little reduction in capacity.
  • FIG. 10 plots a three-dimensional normalized capacity as a MIMO pair of gateways experience a rainfall event on a downlink in a return direction according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 displays the three-dimensional normalized capacity as the MIMO pair of gateways experience a rainfall events inducing attenuation over a wide range of values with CNR at 24 dB.
  • the gateway placement is optimized under clear-sky conditions and ground-based post-interference processing is implemented to mitigate MIMO interference for the downlink in the return direction resulting from the differential attenuations experienced by both sites. The capacity reduction is minimized even as the rain attenuation is 7.5 dB for one of the sites.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram of ground-based linear post-interference processing for spatial distinguishability on a downlink portion of a feeder link in a return direction according to various embodiments.
  • the downlink post-interference processing 1100 includes a post-interference processor 1102, satellite antennae 1104, antennae downlink signals 1106 that are processed by the post-interference processor 1102 to generate GW downlink signals 1108.
  • the satellite antennae 1104 may receive and output MIMO receptions 1112.
  • An AW GN vector 1110 may be applied to outputs of satellite antennae 1104 in order to obtain antennae downlink signals 1106.
  • the system model for the feeder link on the downlink in the return direction incorporates a MIMO system with NT transmit satellite antennae and NR receive gateways antennae, accompanied by additive white Gaussian noise (AW GN) vector .
  • AW GN additive white Gaussian noise
  • the received symbol vector y is post-processed by the postinterference processor 1102 via a linear operation involving multiplying by matrix Gpost.
  • This ground-based linear post-interference processing is displayed in FIG. 11, focusing on the case of equal number of transmit and receive antennae.
  • the present teachings generate GW downlink signals 1108 y instead, as in expression 224.
  • expression 224 By applying expression 224 to expression 218, the received vector of symbols experience a cascaded channel effect that is marked by (Gpost ⁇ Ha) , or expression 226.
  • t is so as the cascaded channel effect in this case, is diagonal following the capacity -maximizing geometric optimization of the satellite/gateway placement.
  • This choice of Gpost ensures that the transmitted signals may be spatially distinguished at the receive gateway antenna, without needing matrix multiplication onboard the satellite.
  • Gpost based on the zero-forcing (ZF), the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criteria, or regularized ZF (RZF), expressed, respectively, as expression 228, expression 230 and expression 232.
  • ZF zero-forcing
  • MMSE minimum mean-square error
  • RZF regularized ZF
  • Weighting may be applied to expression 228, expression 230 and expression 232 to provide weighted sum capacity.
  • the proposed ground-based linear post-interference processing minimizes the impact on the satellite complexity, enabling MIMO in LOS with existing satellite bent-pipe design or one with a transparent payload.
  • the proposed MIMO -enabled feeder links can operate with more advanced satellite with on-board processing and ones with regenerative payloads.
  • the post-interference processing is responsible for the generation of the received signals.
  • Post-interference processing may be inter-connected to the gateways participating in the MIMO setup terrestrially via fiber or through microwave links, while ensuring time and phase alignment of the ground antennae.
  • High-quality channel state information (CSI) about the propagation rays may be available at the gateways, for example, by deploying channel sounding using calibration sequences that are orthogonal.
  • CSI channel state information
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a method for providing Multi -Input Multi-Output (MIMO) feeder uplinks for a satellite according to various embodiments.
  • MIMO Multi -Input Multi-Output
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a method 1200 for providing MIMO uplinks for a satellite.
  • Method 1200 separates X satellite antennae on the satellite.
  • Method 1200 pre-interference processes Y gateway uplink Tx signals to generate Y antennae uplink signals that minimize channel interference for a MIMO reception at the X satellite antennae.
  • Method 1200 disposes Y ground antennae such that a MIMO transmission of the Y antennae uplink signals by the Y ground antennae is spatially orthogonal upon the MIMO reception at the X satellite antennae.
  • Method 1200 at 1208, X is greater than 1, Y is greater than 1, the X satellite antennae are line-of-sight (LOS) of the Y ground antennae, and a channel capacity of the MIMO reception at the X satellite antennae is greater than a channel capacity of X Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) receptions at the X satellite antennae.
  • Method 1200 transmits the Y antennae uplink signals as the MIMO transmission.
  • Method 1200 may receive a MIMO transmission at the satellite.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a method for providing Multi -Input Multi-Output (MIMO) feeder uplinks for a satellite according to various embodiments.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a method 1300 for providing MIMO downlinks for a satellite.
  • method 1300 separates X satellite antennae on the satellite.
  • method 1300 disposes Y ground antennae such that a MIMO transmission by the X satellite antennae is spatially orthogonal upon a MIMO reception of Y antennae downlink signals by the Y ground antennae.
  • method 1300 transmits the MIMO transmission via the X satellite antennae.
  • method 1300 post -interference processes the Y antennae downlink signals to generate Y gateway downlink signals that minimize channel interference for the MIMO reception at the Y ground antennae.
  • X is greater than 1
  • Y is greater than 1
  • the X satellite antennae are line-of- sight (LOS) of the Y ground antennae
  • a channel capacity of the MIMO reception at the Y ground antennae is greater than a channel capacity of Y Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) receptions at the Y ground antennae.
  • SISO Y Single-Input Single-Output

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne un système satellite multifaisceaux et des procédés qui permettent d'atteindre une orthogonalité entre des signaux multiplexés spatialement dans une configuration à entrées multiples et à sorties multiples (MIMO) lors d'un fonctionnement dans des canaux de liaison montante et de liaison descendante en visibilité directe (LOS) sur le côté liaison de connexion, à l'aide d'un faisceau étroit commun principalement. L'invention permet de maximiser une capacité MIMO sur de multiples bandes de fréquences par la divulgation d'une géométrie de réseau d'antennes en vue de sa disposition à bord d'un seul satellite et pour un segment de sol.
PCT/US2021/062978 2018-05-15 2021-12-11 Système satellite multifaisceaux activé à entrées multiples et sorties multiples en visibilité directe WO2022146660A1 (fr)

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CA3202795A CA3202795A1 (fr) 2018-05-15 2021-12-11 Systeme satellite multifaisceaux active a entrees multiples et sorties multiples en visibilite directe

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US17/136,860 2020-12-29
US17/136,860 US20210118873A1 (en) 2018-05-15 2020-12-29 Three-dimensional field effect device

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3484067A1 (fr) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-15 Universität der Bundeswehr München Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de communication

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3484067A1 (fr) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-15 Universität der Bundeswehr München Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de communication

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Cooperative and Cognitive Satellite Systems", 1 January 2015, ELSEVIER, ISBN: 978-0-12-799948-7, article ANGELETTI PIERO ET AL: "On-ground beam forming techniques for mobile satellite systems applications", pages: 155 - 194, XP055918687, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-799948-7.00005-0 *
ANGELETTI PIERO ET AL: "A Pragmatic Approach to Massive MIMO for Broadband Communication Satellites", IEEE ACCESS, IEEE, USA, vol. 8, 16 July 2020 (2020-07-16), pages 132212 - 132236, XP011801154, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3009850 *

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