Classifications

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  • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
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• • H—ELECTRICITY
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  • H04L49/354—Switches specially adapted for specific applications for supporting virtual local area networks [VLAN]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
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• • H—ELECTRICITY
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  • H04L61/10—Mapping addresses of different types
  • H04L61/103—Mapping addresses of different types across network layers, e.g. resolution of network layer into physical layer addresses or address resolution protocol [ARP]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
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  • H04L61/2517—Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses using port numbers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
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• • H—ELECTRICITY
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  • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
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  • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
  • H04L69/324—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the data link layer [OSI layer 2], e.g. HDLC
• • G—PHYSICS
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  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
  • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
  • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
  • G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
  • G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
  • G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
  • G06F2009/4557—Distribution of virtual machine instances; Migration and load balancing
• • G—PHYSICS
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  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
  • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
  • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
  • G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
  • G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
  • G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
  • G06F2009/45595—Network integration; Enabling network access in virtual machine instances
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L2101/00—Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
  • H04L2101/60—Types of network addresses
  • H04L2101/618—Details of network addresses
  • H04L2101/622—Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
  • H04L43/12—Network monitoring probes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
  • H04L49/15—Interconnection of switching modules
  • H04L49/1553—Interconnection of ATM switching modules, e.g. ATM switching fabrics
  • H04L49/1569—Clos switching fabrics
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
  • H04L67/01—Protocols
  • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network

Definitions

• FIG. 1 is a high level diagram of a distributed environment showing a virtual or overlay cloud network hosted by a cloud service provider infrastructure according to certain embodiments.
• FIG. 3 shows an example arrangement within CSPI where a host machine is connected to multiple network virtualization devices (NVDs) according to certain embodiments.
• NBDs network virtualization devices
• FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a computing network according to certain embodiments.
• FIG. 9 is a logical schematic illustration of multiple connected L2 VLANs and a subnet 900 according to certain embodiments.
• FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of intra- VLAN communication and learning within a VLAN according to certain embodiments.
• FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a process 1200 for intra- VLAN communication according to certain embodiments.
• regions are grouped into realms.
• a realm is a logical collection of regions. Realms are isolated from each other and do not share any data. Regions in the same realm may communicate with each other, but regions in different realms cannot.
• a customer's tenancy or account with the CSP exists in a single realm and can be spread across one or more regions that belong to that realm. Typically, when a customer subscribes to an laaS service, a tenancy or account is created for that customer in the customer-specified region (referred to as the "home" region) within a realm.
• a customer can extend the customer's tenancy across one or more other regions within the realm. A customer cannot access regions that are not in the realm where the customer's tenancy exists.
• Route tables, security rules, and DHCP options may be configured for a VCN.
• Route tables are virtual route tables for the VCN and include rules to route traffic from subnets within the VCN to destinations outside the VCN by way of gateways or specially configured instances.
• a VCN's route tables can be customized to control how packets are forwarded/routed to and from the VCN.
• DHCP options refers to configuration information that is automatically provided to the instances when they boot up.
• the packet may be forwarded by VCN VR 105 to Dynamic Routing Gateway (DRG) gateway 122 configured for VCN 104.
• DGW Dynamic Routing Gateway
• the packet may then be forwarded from the gateway to a next hop to facilitate communication of the packet to it final intended destination.
• hypervisors may be implemented using software, firmware, or hardware, or combinations thereof.
• a hypervisor is a process or a software layer that sits on top of the host machine's operating system (OS), which in turn executes on the hardware processors of the host machine.
• OS operating system
• the hypervisor provides a virtualized environment by enabling the physical computing resources (e.g., processing resources such as processors/cores, memory resources, networking resources) of the host machine to be shared among the various virtual machine compute instances executed by the host machine. For example, in FIG.
• the VCN VR functionality is next invoked and executed by the NVD.
• the VCN VR then routes the packet to the NVD executing the VNIC associated with the destination compute instance.
• the VNIC associated with the destination compute instance then processes the packet and forwards the packet to the destination compute instance.
• the VNICs associated with the source and destination compute instances may be executed on the same NVD (e.g., when both the source and destination compute instances are hosted by the same host machine) or on different NVDs (e.g., when the source and destination compute instances are hosted by different host machines connected to different NVDs).
• the packet originating from the source compute instance is communicated from the host machine hosting the source compute instance to the NVD connected to that host machine.
• the NVD executes the VNIC associated with the source compute instance. Since the destination end point of the packet is outside the VCN, the packet is then processed by the VCN VR for that VCN.
• the NVD invokes the VCN VR functionality, which may result in the packet being forwarded to an NVD executing the appropriate gateway associated with the VCN. For example, if the destination is an endpoint within the customer's on-premise network, then the packet may be forwarded by the VCN VR to the NVD executing the DRG gateway configured for the VCN.
• a feature of a Clos network is that the maximum hop count to reach from one Tier-0 switch to another Tier-0 switch (or from an NVD connected to a Tier-0- switch to another NVD connected to a Tier-0 switch) is fixed. For example, in a 3-Tiered Clos network at most seven hops are needed for a packet to reach from one NVD to another NVD, where the source and target NVDs are connected to the leaf tier of the Clos network. Likewise, in a 4-tiered Clos network, at most nine hops are needed for a packet to reach from one NVD to another NVD, where the source and target NVDs are connected to the leaf tier of the Clos network.
• the IP and/or MAC addresses of the compute instances in the VLAN can be assigned by the user/customer of that VLAN, and these IP and/or MAC addresses can then be discovered and/or learned by the compute instances in the VLAN according to the processes for learning discussed below.
• Each of the Cis 704- A, 704-B, 704-C, 704-D can communicate with the others of the Cis 704- A, 704-B, 704-C, 704-D in the VLAN 700 or with the VSRS 714.
• One of Cis 704- A, 704-B, 704-C, 704-D sends a frame to another of the Cis 704- A, 704-B, 704-C, 704-D or to the VSRS 714 by sending the frame to the MAC address and the interface identifier of the recipient one of the Cis 704- A, 704-B, 704-C, 704-D or the VSRS 714.
• the MAC address and the interface identifier can be included in a header of the frame.
• the interface identifier can indicate the L2 VNIC of the recipient one of the Cis 704- A, 704-B, 704-
• the source VSRS can receive the frame from the source switch, can look up the VNIC mapping from the destination address of the frame, which destination address can be a destination IP address, and can forward the packet to the destination VSRS.
• the destination VSRS can receive the frame. Based on the destination address contained in the frame, the destination VSRS can forward the frame to the destination VNIC.
• the destination VNIC can receive and decapsulate the frame and can then provide the frame to the destination CI.
• the VLAN A 902-A can be communicatively coupled to the VLAN B 902-B via their respective VSRS 910- A, 910-B.
• the L3 subnet 930 can be communicatively coupled with the VLAN A 902-A and VLAN B 902-B via the virtual router 916.
• Each of the virtual router 916 and VSRS instances 910- A, 910-B can likewise be coupled to a gateway 912, which can provide access for Cis 904-A, 904-B, 904-C, 904-D, 904-E, 904-F, 904-G in each VLAN 902-A, 902-B and in the subnet 930 to other networks outside of the VCN in which the VLANs are 902-A, 902-B and subnet 930 are located.
• these networks can include, for example, one or several on-premise networks, another VCN, a services network, a public network such as the internet, or the like.
• the source VSRS can receive the frames from the source switch, can look up the VNIC mapping from the destination address of the frame, which destination address can be a destination IP address, and can forward the frame to the destination VR.
• the destination VR can receive the frame. Based on the destination address contained in the frame, the destination VR can forward the frame to the destination VNIC.
• the destination VNIC can receive and decapsulate the frame and can then provide the frame to the destination CI.
• FIG. 10 a schematic illustration of one embodiment of intra ⁇
• the process 1700 begins at block 1702, wherein the NVD hosts an L2 VNIC and an L2 virtual switch that belong to an L2 virtual network of a customer (e.g., a VLAN).
• the L2 VNIC and the L2 virtual switch are associated with an L2 compute instance of the L2 virtual network. This L2 compute instance can be hosted on a host machine communicatively coupled to the NVD.
• the service operators 1902 may be using one or more client computing devices, which may be portable handheld devices (e.g., an iPhone®, cellular telephone, an iPad®, computing tablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA)) or wearable devices (e.g., a Google Glass® head-mounted display), running software such as Microsoft Windows Mobile®, and/or a variety of mobile operating systems such as iOS, Windows Phone, Android, BlackBerry 8, Palm OS, and the like, and be Internet, e-mail, short message service (SMS), Blackberry®, or other communication protocol enabled.
• the client computing devices can be general purpose personal computers including, by way of example, personal computers and/or laptop computers running various versions of Microsoft Windows®, Apple Macintosh®, and/or Linux operating systems.
• User interface input devices may also include eye gesture recognition devices such as the Google Glass® blink detector that detects eye activity (e.g., ‘blinking’ while taking pictures and/or making a menu selection) from users and transforms the eye gestures as input into an input device (e.g., Google Glass®). Additionally, user interface input devices may include voice recognition sensing devices that enable users to interact with voice recognition systems (e.g., Siri® navigator), through voice commands.
• eye gesture recognition devices such as the Google Glass® blink detector that detects eye activity (e.g., ‘blinking’ while taking pictures and/or making a menu selection) from users and transforms the eye gestures as input into an input device (e.g., Google Glass®).
• user interface input devices may include voice recognition sensing devices that enable users to interact with voice recognition systems (e.g., Siri® navigator), through voice commands.
• voice recognition systems e.g., Siri® navigator
• User interface output devices may include a display subsystem, indicator lights, or nonvisual displays such as audio output devices, etc.
• the display subsystem may be a cathode ray tube (CRT), a flat-panel device, such as that using a liquid crystal display (LCD) or plasma display, a projection device, a touch screen, and the like.
• CTR cathode ray tube
• LCD liquid crystal display
• plasma display a projection device
• touch screen a touch screen
• output device is intended to include all possible types of devices and mechanisms for outputting information from computer system 2300 to a user or other computer.
• user interface output devices may include, without limitation, a variety of display devices that visually convey text, graphics and audio/video information such as monitors, printers, speakers, headphones, automotive navigation systems, plotters, voice output devices, and modems.
• Communications subsystem 2324 provides an interface to other computer systems and networks. Communications subsystem 2324 serves as an interface for receiving data from and transmitting data to other systems from computer system 2300. For example, communications subsystem 2324 may enable computer system 2300 to connect to one or more devices via the Internet.
• communications subsystem 2324 can include radio frequency (RF) transceiver components for accessing wireless voice and/or data networks (e.g., using cellular telephone technology, advanced data network technology, such as 3G, 4G or EDGE (enhanced data rates for global evolution), WiFi (IEEE 802.11 family standards, or other mobile communication technologies, or any combination thereof), global positioning system (GPS) receiver components, and/or other components.
• RF radio frequency
• communications subsystem 2324 can provide wired network connectivity (e.g., Ethernet) in addition to or instead of a wireless interface.

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• 2021
  • 2021-11-24 WO PCT/US2021/060843 patent/WO2022146589A1/en not_active Ceased
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  • 2021-11-24 EP EP21830839.3A patent/EP4272402A1/en active Pending
• 2023
  • 2023-07-31 US US18/362,777 patent/US20240031282A1/en active Pending

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