WO2022144516A1 - Aerostat intended to perform missions for transporting a payload - Google Patents

Aerostat intended to perform missions for transporting a payload Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022144516A1
WO2022144516A1 PCT/FR2021/052412 FR2021052412W WO2022144516A1 WO 2022144516 A1 WO2022144516 A1 WO 2022144516A1 FR 2021052412 W FR2021052412 W FR 2021052412W WO 2022144516 A1 WO2022144516 A1 WO 2022144516A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aerostat
support
photovoltaic panels
payload
solar energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2021/052412
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Marc NICOT
Original Assignee
Centre National d'Études Spatiales
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National d'Études Spatiales filed Critical Centre National d'Études Spatiales
Priority to EP21852042.7A priority Critical patent/EP4267457A1/en
Publication of WO2022144516A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022144516A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
    • B64B1/40—Balloons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
    • B64B1/40—Balloons
    • B64B1/46—Balloons associated with apparatus to cause bursting
    • B64B1/48—Balloons associated with apparatus to cause bursting to enable load to be dropped by parachute
    • B64D27/353—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/50—On board measures aiming to increase energy efficiency

Definitions

  • Aerostat intended to carry out payload transport missions
  • the present invention relates to aerostats intended to carry out transport missions of a payload on a planet with an atmosphere.
  • a payload is a device intended to fulfill the objectives of a mission such as transport or observation missions for example.
  • a payload In the field of space, a payload is generally connected to an aerostat which makes it possible to transport the payload to the destination where the mission must be carried out.
  • BSO stratospheric balloons
  • the payloads carry devices which generally require energy in order to be used.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to overcome at least one of these drawbacks and relates, according to a first aspect, to an aerostat intended to carry out transport missions of a payload on a planet with an atmosphere, the aerostat comprising :
  • an inflatable body designed to be pressurized by a gas lighter than the atmosphere
  • a payload support configured to support a payload, the support being arranged under the inflatable body and being connected to the inflatable body,
  • a solar energy generator arranged under the support and connected to the support, the solar energy generator being retractable between a first position called the storage position and a second position called the use position, the solar energy generator comprising a plurality of retractable photovoltaic panels between said storage position in which the photovoltaic panels are grouped and extend horizontally one below the other in horizontal planes, and said use position in which the photovoltaic panels are deployed and extend vertically under each other in the same vertical plane.
  • the aerostat according to the invention it is possible to increase the duration of use of the payloads while minimizing the mass and the size of these payloads.
  • the aerostat of the invention comprises one or more of the following optional characteristics considered alone or in all possible combinations.
  • the plurality of photovoltaic panels form a photovoltaic surface in the position of use and said photovoltaic surface is adjustable.
  • the photovoltaic panels are connected to each other in a removable manner.
  • the photovoltaic panels are connected to each other by means of removable hinges.
  • the solar energy generator comprises an offset device configured to offset the plurality of photovoltaic panels relative to the support along a vertical axis (A).
  • the offset device comprises a plurality of retractable offset plates between the storage position in which the plates are grouped together and extend horizontally one below the other in horizontal planes (P) and the position of use in which the plates are deployed and extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane.
  • the aerostat comprises a rotary device configured to drive the solar electric generator in rotation around a vertical axis (A).
  • the payload support comprises a plate and four feet, each foot being arranged at one end of the plate.
  • the payload support comprises at least one offset means configured to offset each of the feet relative to the support.
  • the solar energy generator is arranged at the center of symmetry of the support, between the feet of the support.
  • the aerostat comprises a device for protecting the solar energy generator.
  • the protection device comprises a first protection means mounted under the support so that the first protection means surrounds the solar generator when the solar energy generator is in the storage position.
  • the first means of protection is a protective skirt integral with the support.
  • the protective device comprises a second protective means, said second protective means being a protective cover connected to a free end of one of the photovoltaic panels.
  • the protective cover is configured to rest against the protective skirt when the solar energy generator is in the storage position so as to cover the plurality of photovoltaic panels, and arranged at a distance from the protective skirt when the solar energy generator is in the position of use.
  • Figure 1 shows an aerostat according to one embodiment of the invention comprising a solar generator in the position of use.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a payload carrier of the aerostat.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the payload carrier of the aerostat.
  • Figure 4 shows the solar generator in the storage position.
  • FIG. 5 represents a side view of the solar generator in the use position.
  • Figure 6 shows a method of fixing the photovoltaic panels of the aerostat according to the invention.
  • Figure 7 shows the solar generator in the storage position.
  • Figure 8 shows the solar generator during its deployment to the position of use.
  • FIG. 9 represents a control system for the solar energy generator of the aerostat.
  • Figure 10 is an isometric view of the aerostat according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 11 is an isometric view of the aerostat according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 12 represents a device for protecting the solar generator of the aerostat.
  • Figure 13 is an isometric view of the solar generator protection device of the aerostat.
  • Figure 14 shows an aerostat according to one embodiment of the invention comprising a solar generator in the position of use.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an aerostat 1 intended to carry out transport missions of a payload on a planet with an atmosphere according to the present presentation.
  • the aerostat comprises an inflatable body 2 designed to be pressurized by a gas lighter than the atmosphere.
  • the inflatable body is intended to contain a gas lighter than the gas present in the atmosphere of the planet, such as helium.
  • the inflatable body 2 is configured to evolve between a surface of the planet with an atmosphere and a predetermined altitude in the atmosphere.
  • surface is meant any surface of the planet such as water (seas, oceans) or land (such as glaciers for example).
  • the aerostat 1 is an open stratospheric balloon which comprises an inflatable body 2 in the shape of a drop of water.
  • the inflatable body has at its base at least two gas evacuation sleeves 20.
  • the aerostat according to the invention comprises a support 3 called payload support configured to support a payload 4.
  • the payload support 3 is arranged under the inflatable body 2.
  • the support is configured to be arranged under a surface of the inflatable body placed opposite the surface of the planet when the aerostat is put into operation and raised in the atmosphere.
  • the support 3 comprises an upper face 31 on which is mounted a payload 4 and a lower face 32, opposite the upper face.
  • upper face is meant the face of the support arranged facing the inflatable body 2.
  • the payload 4 is a nacelle intended to carry out observation missions.
  • the nacelle embeds, among other things, a plurality of components that require energy to be able to operate.
  • the payload support 3 is connected to the inflatable body 2.
  • the inflatable body 2 is configured to transport the support 3 on which the payload 4 is fixed to the location where the mission is to be carried out.
  • the support 3 can be removably connected to the inflatable body 2 so that the support can be detached from the inflatable body once the mission is over. This configuration allows the payload attached to the support to be recovered at the end of the mission and to be reused.
  • the aerostat comprises pyrotechnic separators 5 which connect the inflatable body 2 and the support 3.
  • the pyrotechnic separators 5 are arranged between the inflatable body 2 and the support 3 so as to separate the support from the inflatable body once once the mission is complete.
  • the aerostat may comprise at least one parachute 6 fixed to the payload support so as to slow down the return of the support to the ground when the latter is detached from the inflatable body.
  • the aerostat 1 comprises a parachute 6 arranged between the payload support and the inflatable body.
  • the payload support comprises a plate 34.
  • the plate is configured to have a shape complementary to that of the payload it supports.
  • the plate 34 is rectangular.
  • the support comprises four feet 36, each foot being mounted at one end of the plate.
  • the feet prevent the payload from crashing when it returns to the ground.
  • each foot has the shape of a truncated pyramid.
  • the support 3 may comprise at least one offset means 38 configured to offset each of the feet relative to the support.
  • said at least one offset means 38 is mounted between the support plate and each of the support legs.
  • the offset means further improves the crush resistance of the payload when it returns to the ground.
  • said at least one offset means is a riser.
  • the support comprises four collars 38 each arranged between the plate and one of the four feet.
  • the aerostat according to the invention comprises a solar energy generator 7.
  • the solar energy generator 7 is intended to supply the electrical energy necessary for the operation of the devices on board the payload.
  • the solar energy generator 7 is connected to the payload support 3 and is arranged under the support.
  • the solar energy generator 7 is suspended under the payload.
  • the arrangement of the solar energy generator, under the payload support, allows the generator to be able to be integrated into any type of payload without the need to modify its dimensions. Indeed, the solar energy generator must be large in size to meet the energy requirement. Retracting the solar electric generator, suspended under the payload, solves this problem.
  • this allows the payload to have a stable behavior on takeoff and on landing by avoiding, for example, the propeller effect which could set the payload in rotation. This last behavior could be observed when electric generators were arranged on the sides of the payload for example.
  • the solar energy generator 7 is arranged at the center of symmetry of the support 3, between the feet of the support 36.
  • the arrangement of the generator between the feet of the support allows the generator to be protected during from the descent to the ground.
  • the solar energy generator 7 is retractable between a first position called the storage position (FIG. 4) and a second position called the use position (FIG. 1).
  • the solar energy generator is arranged close to the payload support.
  • the solar power generator is folded under the payload carrier.
  • the solar generator can be wedged under the payload support, on mechanical stops, for example made of foam.
  • position of use it is meant that the solar energy generator is deployed and extends relative to the payload support.
  • the solar energy generator according to the invention comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels 72.
  • the photovoltaic panels make it possible to generate energy in a renewable manner which makes it possible to increase the production of energy and to increase the payload usage time.
  • the plurality of photovoltaic panels can be retracted between the storage position, in which the photovoltaic panels are grouped and extend horizontally one under the other in horizontal "P" planes (FIG. 4), and the position of use in which the photovoltaic panels are deployed and extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane "V".
  • grouped photovoltaic panels it is meant that the photovoltaic panels are grouped together one under the other, stacked one under the other, so as to present the minimum possible bulk. In this configuration, the photovoltaic panels are grouped together in their entirety close to the payload support 3. This so-called storage position configuration is particularly advantageous during takeoff of the aerostat because it makes it possible to reduce the risk of collision with the operators who work around it. the aerostat during take-off.
  • the plurality of photovoltaic panels is folded under the support and the payload. This configuration also allows the solar energy generator to have a minimum of bulk, in particular during the take-off, ascent and descent phases.
  • deployed photovoltaic panels is meant that the photovoltaic panels extend at a distance from the payload support 3, one under the other in the same vertical plane “V”.
  • the arrangement of the photovoltaic panels which extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane makes it possible to promote high latitude flights in which the solar elevations are lower. Indeed, for a panel to provide maximum energy, the solar flux must be directed perpendicular to the surface of the solar panel. The vertical arrangement of the panels thus favors high latitude flights.
  • the arrangement of the photovoltaic panels which extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane makes it possible to limit or even eliminate the shading phenomena which may appear for example with panels which extend one from the other. under the others horizontally.
  • the plurality of photovoltaic panels form a photovoltaic surface "S" in the use position.
  • said photovoltaic surface “S” is adjustable. This allows the aerostat to adapt to energy needs and lighting conditions.
  • the photovoltaic panels of the plurality of photovoltaic panels are connected to each other in a removable manner. This makes it possible to modulate the photovoltaic surface by removing or adding one or more panel(s) photovoltaic(s). This configuration also makes it possible to easily replace one or more photovoltaic panels in the event of a breakdown, for example.
  • the photovoltaic panels can be connected to each other by means of removable links.
  • removable hinges 8 Figure 6
  • the hinges are configured to follow the movement of retraction and deployment of the photovoltaic panels between the use and storage positions.
  • a hinge 8 has a first movable part 82 on which a first solar panel is intended to be fixed and a second movable part 84 on which a second adjacent solar panel is intended to be fixed.
  • the hinge comprises and a shaft 86 connecting the first and second mobile parts and allows the mobility of the mobile parts by rotation around the shaft.
  • the hinge 8 is made of stainless steel.
  • each photovoltaic panel 72 can comprise four hinges 8. This makes it possible to have an optimal fixing of the photovoltaic panels between them.
  • Each of the photovoltaic panels comprises 72 a structure 722 on which is fixed a plurality of photovoltaic cells 724 (FIG. 8). According to an example not shown, each of the photovoltaic panels comprises sixty cells, divided into four independent sub-modules of fifteen cells each. The submodule cells are wired in series.
  • the structure 722 of the photovoltaic panels is made of composite material, preferably carbon, which makes it possible to confer lightness and resistance on the photovoltaic panels.
  • the structure of the photovoltaic panels 722 is planar and substantially rectangular.
  • the aerostat comprises electromechanical interconnections configured to convey the electrical energy produced by the photovoltaic panels, to the devices requiring payload power.
  • the aerostat can include electrical cables 73 (FIG. 14) intended to route the electrical energy from the photovoltaic panels to the batteries on board the payload.
  • the electrical cables are routed from the photovoltaic panels to the payload.
  • the electric cables are flexible so as not to interfere with the retraction and deployment of the photovoltaic panels.
  • electrical cables are made of silicone.
  • connection boxes 730 can be attached to the photovoltaic panels. These junction boxes are intended to isolate the electrical connections of the aerostat. In order to limit the number of holes in the structures of the photovoltaic panels, the connection boxes 730 can be fixed with hinge fixing holes. In addition, the connection boxes 730 have dimensions equal to those of the moving parts 82, 84 of the hinges 8. The connection boxes are mounted on the faces of the photovoltaic panels devoid of photovoltaic cells.
  • the aerostat according to the invention may comprise a control system 9 of the solar energy generator.
  • the steering system 9 can be directly attached to the payload carrier 37.
  • the steering system 9 is attached to the underside 32 of the payload carrier 3 and the generator of solar energy 7 comprising the plurality of photovoltaic panels is fixed to the control system 9.
  • the control system 9 comprises a deployment and grouping device 92 configured to cause the solar energy generator to pass between the storage position and the use position.
  • the device may include a control module configured to trigger the unfolding or retraction of the photovoltaic panels.
  • the device can be motorized. According to one embodiment, the device is remote controllable.
  • the device may comprise a winch fixed to the payload support and at least two ropes.
  • the ropes are connected on the one hand to the photovoltaic panels and on the other hand to the winch so as to be wound or unwound by the winch. Winding up or unwinding the ropes will respectively cause the retraction or deployment of the photovoltaic panels to which they are connected.
  • the ropes run alternately at the back and at the front of the photovoltaic panels as shown in Figure 14.
  • control system may comprise a rotary device 94 configured to drive the solar energy generator in rotation around a vertical axis "A" when the solar energy generator is in the position of use.
  • the rotary device is configured to cause the photovoltaic panels to rotate through 360° around the vertical axis “A”.
  • the rotary device makes it possible to orient the photovoltaic panels facing the sun, independently of the position in azimuth of the payload which is fixed on the payload support.
  • the position of the sun can be determined by means of a table of the ephemeris of the sun implanted in an on-board computer embedded in the payload.
  • the rotary device is motorized.
  • the solar energy generator comprises an offset device 74 for the plurality of photovoltaic panels.
  • the offset device is configured to offset the plurality of photovoltaic panels relative to the support along a vertical axis “A”.
  • the offset device 74 makes it possible to move the photovoltaic panels 72 away from the shadow cone of the payload and from the payload support 3 when the solar elevation is high. Thus it is understood that the offset device does not have photovoltaic cells.
  • the offset device 74 is connected on the one hand to the plurality of photovoltaic panels 72 and on the other hand to the payload support 3 and more particularly to the control system 9 directly attached to the support. (figure 9).
  • the plurality of photovoltaic panels is connected to the support via the offset device.
  • the offset device 74 comprises a plurality of offset plates 740.
  • the offset plates 740 are connected to each other by means of removable links such as the hinge 8 illustrated in Figure 6. This allows to be able to modulate the offset of the plurality of photovoltaic panels by removing or adding one or more plate(s) to the offset device.
  • the plates are perforated. The openwork of the plates makes it possible to reduce the mass of the offset device.
  • the plurality of offset plates 740 can be retracted between the storage position in which the plates are grouped together and extend horizontally one under the other in horizontal "P" planes (FIG. 4), and the position of use in which the plates are deployed and extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane "V" ( Figure 1).
  • the aerostat may not include an offset device.
  • the aerostat may include a protection device 10 of the solar energy generator.
  • the protection device is intended to protect the plurality of photovoltaic panels when the panels are in the storage position.
  • the protection device comprises a first protection means 12 mounted under the support so that the first protection means surrounds the entire solar energy generator when the energy generator solar is in the storage position.
  • the first means of protection 10 is made of carbon composite materials. This material allows the protective device to be light and resistant.
  • the first protection means 10 is a protection skirt mounted under the support so that the protection skirt laterally surrounds the solar energy generator when the solar energy generator is in operation. storage position. This protects the sides of the solar power generator from landing shocks.
  • the protective skirt is directly attached to the support.
  • the protective skirt is integral with the support.
  • the protection device may include a second protection means 14.
  • the second protective means 14 is a protective cover.
  • the protective cover is connected to a free end of one of the photovoltaic panels. By free end is meant the end of the last panel suspended under the support, that is to say the panel below which another panel is not connected.
  • the protective cover can be made of carbon composite materials. This material allows the hood to be light and resistant.
  • the protective cover is configured to rest against the protective skirt when the solar energy generator is in the storage position and disposed at a distance from the protective skirt when the solar energy generator is in the storage position. use (figure 1).
  • the protective cover is guided and locked by a mechanical system (not shown).
  • the protective cover protects the underside of the solar generator from shocks on landing.
  • the cover can include a layer of plastic polymer such as poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide (kevlar®) which allows it to resist drilling (caused by tree branches for example).
  • the protective cover has no photovoltaic cells.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment in which the aerostat 1 comprises, in order, distinct elements extending one under the other: the payload support 3 (the payload not being shown) , the control system 9 fixed under the payload support, and the solar energy generator comprising a first blade 75 called the Mechanical Recovery Blade fixed to the control system, a second blade 76 called the narrow offset blade fixed to the first blade, a third blade 77 called Electrical Recovery Blade connected to the second blade 76, the offset device 74 comprising a plurality of perforated offset plates 740, connected to the third blade 77, the plurality of photovoltaic panels 72, connected to the device offset and the protective cover 14 connected to a free end of the plurality of photovoltaic panels.
  • the first, second and third plates are devoid of photovoltaic cells.
  • the Mechanical Recovery blade 75 is unique and is intended to fix the plurality of photovoltaic panels to the control system.
  • the Mechanical Recovery blade is rectangular in shape and is perforated.
  • the narrow offset blade 76 is unique and is configured to offset the plurality of photovoltaic panels relative to the feet of the support so as to allow rotation of the plurality of photovoltaic panels.
  • the Narrow Offset blade is rectangular in shape and is perforated and has a surface greater than the surface of the Mechanical Recovery blade.
  • the electrical take-up blade 77 is unique and is configured to refocus all of the electrical components originating from the plurality of photovoltaic panels towards the first and second blades and the payload support.
  • the Electric resumption blade is trapezoidal in shape and is perforated.
  • the blades 75, 76, 77 are retractable between a storage position in which the blades are grouped together and extend horizontally one under the other in horizontal "P" planes, and a position of use in which the blades are deployed and extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane "V".
  • the offset device 74 comprises five perforated rectangular offset plates 740, arranged one under the other in the same vertical plane “V” and connected to each other by means of hinges.
  • the invention is not limited to this number of plates which can be modified according to the desired offset of the photovoltaic panels.
  • the number of offset plates can vary between zero and five.
  • the solar energy generator comprises eight photovoltaic panels 72.
  • This configuration makes it possible to obtain maximum power for a mission at low altitude.
  • the invention is not limited to this number of photovoltaic panels which can be easily modified by adding or removing one or more panel(s) thanks to the removable hinges.
  • the number of photovoltaic panels can vary between one and eight.
  • the aerostat 1 takes off with the solar energy generator 7 in the storage position (FIG. 4), the storage position is maintained throughout the ascent, until arrival at the place of the mission. .
  • the solar energy generator 7 is protected by the protection device 10 (FIGS. 12 and 13).
  • the energy generator solar deploys in position of use.
  • the photovoltaic panels are deployed and extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane (FIGS. 1 and 14).
  • the position of the plurality of photovoltaic panels can be modified so as to follow the position of the sun by means of the rotation device 94. A few minutes before the end of the mission, the plurality of photovoltaic panels is retracted into the storage position and the generator of solar energy is again protected by the protection device.
  • the inflatable body 2 is separated from the rest of the aerostat by means of the operation of the pyrotechnic separators 25.
  • the payload 4, the support 3 and the solar energy generator 7 begin their return to the ground.
  • the feet of the support 4 also make it possible to protect the payload by preventing it from coming into contact with natural elements of the landing sites such as trees, rocks, etc.
  • the protection device 10 makes it possible to protect the solar energy generator, which makes it possible to obtain a reusable solar energy generator and to reduce costs.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an aerostat (1) comprising: - an inflatable body (2) configured to be pressurised by a gas lighter than the atmosphere, - a payload support member (3) configured to support a payload, the support member being arranged under the inflatable body and being connected to the inflatable body, - a solar energy generator (7) arranged under the support member and connected to the support member, the solar energy generator being retractable between a first position referred to as the storage position, and a second position referred to as the use position, the solar energy generator comprising a plurality of photovoltaic panels (72) which are retractable between the storage position, in which the photovoltaic panels are grouped and extend horizontally below one another in horizontal planes (P), and the use position, in which the photovoltaic panels are deployed and extend vertically below one another in the same vertical plane (V).

Description

Description Description
Titre de l'invention : Aérostat destiné à réaliser des missions de transport d'une charge utile Title of the invention: Aerostat intended to carry out payload transport missions
Domaine Technique Technical area
[0001] La présente invention se rapporte aux aérostats destinés à réaliser des missions de transport d'une charge utile sur une planète à atmosphère. The present invention relates to aerostats intended to carry out transport missions of a payload on a planet with an atmosphere.
Technique antérieure Prior technique
[0002] Une charge utile est un dispositif destiné à remplir les objectifs d'une mission telle que des missions de transport ou d'observation par exemple. [0002] A payload is a device intended to fulfill the objectives of a mission such as transport or observation missions for example.
[0003] Dans le domaine du spatiale, une charge utile est généralement reliée à un aérostat qui permet de transporter la charge utile vers la destination où la mission doit être réalisée. [0003] In the field of space, a payload is generally connected to an aerostat which makes it possible to transport the payload to the destination where the mission must be carried out.
[0004] Parmi les aérostats on connaît par exemple les ballons stratosphériques ouverts (BSO). Ce type de ballon permet actuellement de réaliser des vols d'une durée comprise entre 30 et 48 heures. [0004] Among aerostats, for example, open stratospheric balloons (BSO) are known. This type of balloon currently makes it possible to carry out flights lasting between 30 and 48 hours.
[0005] Les recherches et développement se concentrent actuellement sur une augmentation de la durée de vols de ces ballons dans le but d'augmenter la durée des missions, de transport ou d'observation, au moyen des charges utiles. [0005] Research and development are currently focusing on increasing the duration of flights of these balloons with the aim of increasing the duration of missions, transport or observation, by means of payloads.
[0006] En parallèle de l'augmentation de la durée de vols des ballons, il est donc nécessaire d'augmenter la durée d'utilisation de ces charges utiles. [0006] In parallel with the increase in the duration of balloon flights, it is therefore necessary to increase the duration of use of these payloads.
[0007] En outre les charges utiles embarquent des dispositifs qui nécessitent généralement de l'énergie pour pourvoir être utilisés. [0007] In addition, the payloads carry devices which generally require energy in order to be used.
[0008] Actuellement, l'énergie est fournie par des moyens de génération électrique tels que des batteries ou des piles. L'augmentation de la durée de vols obligerait donc à équiper les charges utiles avec un nombre important de ces moyens de génération électrique rendant incompatible le bilan masse et encombrement de la charge utile. [0009] Il existe donc un besoin de fournir un système de génération d'énergie électrique qui augmente la durée d'utilisation des charges utiles tout en minimisant la masse et l'encombrement de ces charges utiles. [0008] Currently, the energy is supplied by electrical generation means such as batteries or cells. The increase in the duration of flights would therefore make it necessary to equip the payloads with a large number of these electrical generation means, making the mass balance and size of the payload incompatible. [0009]There is therefore a need to provide an electrical power generation system which increases the duration of use of the payloads while minimizing the mass and the size of these payloads.
Exposé de l'invention Disclosure of Invention
[0010] L'invention a notamment pour but de pallier au moins l'un de ces inconvénients et concerne selon un premier aspect un aérostat destiné à réaliser des missions de transport d'une charge utile sur une planète à atmosphère, l'aérostat comprenant : [0010] The object of the invention is in particular to overcome at least one of these drawbacks and relates, according to a first aspect, to an aerostat intended to carry out transport missions of a payload on a planet with an atmosphere, the aerostat comprising :
[0011] un corps gonflable conçu pour être pressurisé par un gaz plus léger que l'atmosphère, [0011] an inflatable body designed to be pressurized by a gas lighter than the atmosphere,
[0012] un support de charge utile configuré pour supporter une charge utile, le support étant agencé sous le corps gonflable et étant relié au corps gonflable, [0012] a payload support configured to support a payload, the support being arranged under the inflatable body and being connected to the inflatable body,
[0013] un générateur d'énergie solaire agencé sous le support et relié au support, le générateur d'énergie solaire étant escamotable entre une première position dite position de stockage et une deuxième position dite position d'utilisation , le générateur d'énergie solaire comprenant une pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques escamotable entre ladite position de stockage dans laquelle les panneaux photovoltaïques sont groupés et s'étendent horizontalement les uns sous les autres dans des plans horizontaux, et ladite position d'utilisation dans laquelle les panneaux photovoltaïques sont déployés et s'étendent verticalement les uns sous les autres dans un même plan vertical. [0013] a solar energy generator arranged under the support and connected to the support, the solar energy generator being retractable between a first position called the storage position and a second position called the use position, the solar energy generator comprising a plurality of retractable photovoltaic panels between said storage position in which the photovoltaic panels are grouped and extend horizontally one below the other in horizontal planes, and said use position in which the photovoltaic panels are deployed and extend vertically under each other in the same vertical plane.
[0014] Ainsi, grâce à l'aérostat selon l'invention, il est possible d'augmenter la durée d'utilisation des charges utiles tout en minimisant la masse et l'encombrement de ces charges utiles. Thus, thanks to the aerostat according to the invention, it is possible to increase the duration of use of the payloads while minimizing the mass and the size of these payloads.
[0015] L'aérostat de l'invention comporte l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques optionnelles suivantes considérées seules ou selon toutes les combinaisons possibles. The aerostat of the invention comprises one or more of the following optional characteristics considered alone or in all possible combinations.
[0016] Selon un mode de réalisation, la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques forme une surface photovoltaïque en position d'utilisation et ladite surface photovoltaïque est modulable. [0017] Selon un mode de réalisation, les panneaux photovoltaïques sont reliés les uns aux autres de manière amovible. According to one embodiment, the plurality of photovoltaic panels form a photovoltaic surface in the position of use and said photovoltaic surface is adjustable. According to one embodiment, the photovoltaic panels are connected to each other in a removable manner.
[0018] Selon un mode de réalisation, les panneaux photovoltaïques sont reliés les uns aux autres au moyen charnières amovibles. According to one embodiment, the photovoltaic panels are connected to each other by means of removable hinges.
[0019] Selon un mode de réalisation, le générateur d'énergie solaire comprend un dispositif de déport configuré pour déporter la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques par rapport au support selon un axe vertical (A). According to one embodiment, the solar energy generator comprises an offset device configured to offset the plurality of photovoltaic panels relative to the support along a vertical axis (A).
[0020] Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de déport comprend une pluralité de plaques de déport escamotables entre la position de stockage dans laquelle les plaques sont regroupées et s'étendent horizontalement les unes sous les autres dans des plans (P) horizontaux et la position d'utilisation dans laquelle les plaques sont déployées et s'étendent verticalement les unes sous les autres dans un même plan vertical. [0020]According to one embodiment, the offset device comprises a plurality of retractable offset plates between the storage position in which the plates are grouped together and extend horizontally one below the other in horizontal planes (P) and the position of use in which the plates are deployed and extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane.
[0021] Selon un mode de réalisation, l'aérostat comprend un dispositif rotatif configuré pour entrainer le générateur solaire électrique en rotation autour d'un axe vertical (A). According to one embodiment, the aerostat comprises a rotary device configured to drive the solar electric generator in rotation around a vertical axis (A).
[0022] Selon un mode de réalisation, le support de charge utile comprend un plateau et quatre pieds, chaque pied étant agencé à une extrémité du plateau. [0022] According to one embodiment, the payload support comprises a plate and four feet, each foot being arranged at one end of the plate.
[0023] Selon un mode de réalisation, le support de charge utile comprend au moins un moyen de déport configuré pour déporter chacun des pieds par rapport au support. According to one embodiment, the payload support comprises at least one offset means configured to offset each of the feet relative to the support.
[0024] Selon un mode de réalisation, le générateur d'énergie solaire est agencé au centre de symétrie du support, entre les pieds du support. According to one embodiment, the solar energy generator is arranged at the center of symmetry of the support, between the feet of the support.
[0025] Selon un mode de réalisation, l'aérostat comprend un dispositif de protection du générateur d'énergie solaire. [0025] According to one embodiment, the aerostat comprises a device for protecting the solar energy generator.
[0026] Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de protection comprend un premier moyen de protection monté sous le support de manière à ce que le premier moyen de protection entoure le générateur solaire lorsque le générateur d'énergie solaire est en position de stockage. According to one embodiment, the protection device comprises a first protection means mounted under the support so that the first protection means surrounds the solar generator when the solar energy generator is in the storage position.
[0027] Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier moyen de protection est une jupe de protection solidaire du support. [0028] Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de protection comprend un deuxième moyen de protection, ledit deuxième moyen de protection étant un capot de protection relié à une extrémité libre de l'un des panneaux photovoltaïques. [0027] According to one embodiment, the first means of protection is a protective skirt integral with the support. According to one embodiment, the protective device comprises a second protective means, said second protective means being a protective cover connected to a free end of one of the photovoltaic panels.
[0029] Selon un mode de réalisation, le capot de protection est configuré pour être en appui contre la jupe de protection lorsque générateur d'énergie solaire est en position de stockage de manière à recouvrir la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques, et disposé à distance de la jupe de protection lorsque le générateur d'énergie solaire est en position d'utilisation. According to one embodiment, the protective cover is configured to rest against the protective skirt when the solar energy generator is in the storage position so as to cover the plurality of photovoltaic panels, and arranged at a distance from the protective skirt when the solar energy generator is in the position of use.
[0030] D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description nullement limitative qui suit et des figures annexées qui illustrent de manière schématique plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'aérostat selon l'invention. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the non-limiting description which follows and the appended figures which schematically illustrate several embodiments of the aerostat according to the invention.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
[0031] [Fig. 1] La figure 1 représente un aérostat selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention comprenant un générateur solaire en position d'utilisation. [0031] [Fig. 1] Figure 1 shows an aerostat according to one embodiment of the invention comprising a solar generator in the position of use.
[0032] [Fig. 2] La figure 2 est une vue agrandie d'un support de charge utile de l'aérostat. [0032] [Fig. 2] Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a payload carrier of the aerostat.
[0033] [Fig. 3] La figure 3 est une vue de côté du support de charge utile de l'aérostat. [0033] [Fig. 3] Figure 3 is a side view of the payload carrier of the aerostat.
[0034] [Fig. 4] La figure 4 représente le générateur solaire en position de stockage. [0034] [Fig. 4] Figure 4 shows the solar generator in the storage position.
[0035] [Fig. 5] La figure 5représente une vue de côté du générateur solaire en position d'utilisation. [0035] [Fig. 5] FIG. 5 represents a side view of the solar generator in the use position.
[0036] [Fig. 6] La figure 6 représente un mode de fixation des panneaux photovoltaïques de l'aérostat selon l'invention. [0036] [Fig. 6] Figure 6 shows a method of fixing the photovoltaic panels of the aerostat according to the invention.
[0037] [Fig. 7] La figure 7 représente le générateur solaire en position de stockage. [0037] [Fig. 7] Figure 7 shows the solar generator in the storage position.
[0038] [Fig. 8] La figure 8 représente le générateur solaire lors de son déploiement vers la position d'utilisation. [0038] [Fig. 8] Figure 8 shows the solar generator during its deployment to the position of use.
[0039] [Fig. 9] La figure 9 représente un système de pilotage du générateur d'énergie solaire de l'aérostat. [0040] [Fig. 10] La figure 10 est une vue isométrique de l'aérostat selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. [0039] [Fig. 9] FIG. 9 represents a control system for the solar energy generator of the aerostat. [0040] [Fig. 10] Figure 10 is an isometric view of the aerostat according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0041] [Fig. 11] La figure 11 est une vue isométrique de l'aérostat selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. [0041] [Fig. 11] Figure 11 is an isometric view of the aerostat according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0042] [Fig. 12] La figure 12 représente un dispositif de protection du générateur solaire de l'aérostat. [0042] [Fig. 12] FIG. 12 represents a device for protecting the solar generator of the aerostat.
[0043] [Fig. 13] La figure 13 est une vue isométrique du dispositif de protection du générateur solaire de l'aérostat. [0043] [Fig. 13] Figure 13 is an isometric view of the solar generator protection device of the aerostat.
[0044] [Fig. 14] La figure 14 représente un aérostat selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention comprenant un générateur solaire en position d'utilisation. [0044] [Fig. 14] Figure 14 shows an aerostat according to one embodiment of the invention comprising a solar generator in the position of use.
Description des modes de réalisation Description of embodiments
[0045] D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description nullement limitative qui suit et des figures annexées qui illustrent de manière schématique plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'aérostat selon l'invention. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the non-limiting description which follows and the appended figures which schematically illustrate several embodiments of the aerostat according to the invention.
[0046] Par souci de simplification, les éléments identiques sont repérés par des signes de référence identiques sur l'ensemble des figures. [0046] For the sake of simplification, identical elements are identified by identical reference signs in all of the figures.
[0047] Dans la description qui va suivre et dans les revendications, on emploiera les termes « horizontal », « vertical », « supérieur », « inférieur », etc. à titre non limitatif et en référence aux dessins afin de faciliter la description. In the following description and in the claims, the terms “horizontal”, “vertical”, “upper”, “lower”, etc. will be used. without limitation and with reference to the drawings in order to facilitate the description.
[0048] La figure 1 illustre un aérostat 1 destiné à réaliser des missions de transport d'une charge utile sur une planète à atmosphère selon le présent exposé. [0048] Figure 1 illustrates an aerostat 1 intended to carry out transport missions of a payload on a planet with an atmosphere according to the present presentation.
[0049] L'aérostat comprend un corps gonflable 2 conçu pour être pressurisé par un gaz plus léger que l'atmosphère. En d'autres termes, le corps gonflable est destiné à contenir un gaz plus léger que le gaz présent dans l'atmosphère de la planète, tel que de l'hélium. The aerostat comprises an inflatable body 2 designed to be pressurized by a gas lighter than the atmosphere. In other words, the inflatable body is intended to contain a gas lighter than the gas present in the atmosphere of the planet, such as helium.
[0050] Le corps gonflable 2 est configuré pour évoluer entre une surface de la planète à atmosphère et une altitude prédéterminée dans l'atmosphère. [0051] Par surface on entend toute surface de la planète telle que l'eau (les mers, les océans) ou la terre (tels que les glaciers par exemple). [0050] The inflatable body 2 is configured to evolve between a surface of the planet with an atmosphere and a predetermined altitude in the atmosphere. By surface is meant any surface of the planet such as water (seas, oceans) or land (such as glaciers for example).
[0052] Dans l'exemple représenté, l'aérostat 1 est un ballon stratosphérique ouvert qui comprend un corps gonflable 2 en forme de goutte d'eau. Le corps gonflable présente à sa base au moins deux manches d'évacuation de gaz 20. In the example shown, the aerostat 1 is an open stratospheric balloon which comprises an inflatable body 2 in the shape of a drop of water. The inflatable body has at its base at least two gas evacuation sleeves 20.
[0053] L'aérostat selon l'invention comprend un support 3 dit support de charge utile configuré pour supporter une charge utile 4. The aerostat according to the invention comprises a support 3 called payload support configured to support a payload 4.
[0054] Le support de charge utile 3 est agencé sous le corps gonflable 2. The payload support 3 is arranged under the inflatable body 2.
[0055] Par l'expression « agencé sous le corps gonflable » on entend que le support est configuré pour être agencé sous une surface du corps gonflable disposée en regard de la surface de la planète lorsque l'aérostat est mis en opération et élevé dans l'atmosphère. [0055] By the expression "arranged under the inflatable body" is meant that the support is configured to be arranged under a surface of the inflatable body placed opposite the surface of the planet when the aerostat is put into operation and raised in the atmosphere.
[0056] Le support 3 comprend une face supérieure 31 sur laquelle est montée une charge utile 4 et une face inférieure 32, opposée à la face supérieure. On entend par face supérieure, la face du support agencée en regard du corps gonflable 2. The support 3 comprises an upper face 31 on which is mounted a payload 4 and a lower face 32, opposite the upper face. By upper face is meant the face of the support arranged facing the inflatable body 2.
[0057] Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la charge utile 4 est une nacelle destinée à réaliser des missions d'observation. La nacelle embarque entre autre une pluralité de composants qui nécessitent de l'énergie pour pouvoir fonctionner. In the embodiment shown, the payload 4 is a nacelle intended to carry out observation missions. The nacelle embeds, among other things, a plurality of components that require energy to be able to operate.
[0058] Le support de charge utile 3 est relié au corps gonflable 2. Le corps gonflable 2 est configuré pour transporter le support 3 sur lequel est fixée la charge utile 4 à l'endroit où la mission doit être réalisée. The payload support 3 is connected to the inflatable body 2. The inflatable body 2 is configured to transport the support 3 on which the payload 4 is fixed to the location where the mission is to be carried out.
[0059] Le support 3 peut être relié au corps gonflable 2 de manière amovible de sorte que le support peut être détaché du corps gonflable une fois que la mission est terminée. Cette configuration permet à la charge utile fixée au support de pouvoir être récupérée en fin de mission et d'être réutilisée. [0059] The support 3 can be removably connected to the inflatable body 2 so that the support can be detached from the inflatable body once the mission is over. This configuration allows the payload attached to the support to be recovered at the end of the mission and to be reused.
[0060] Par exemple, l'aérostat comprend des séparateurs pyrotechniques 5 qui relient le corps gonflable 2 et le support 3. Les séparateurs pyrotechniques 5 sont agencés entre le corps gonflable 2 et le support 3 de sorte à séparer le support du corps gonflable une fois la mission terminée. [0061] En outre l'aérostat peut comprendre au moins un parachute 6 fixé au support de charge utile de manière à freiner le retour du support vers le sol lorsque celui-ci est détaché du corps gonflable. Dans l'exemple représenté, l'aérostat 1 comprend un parachute 6 agencé entre le support de charge utile et le corps gonflable. [0060] For example, the aerostat comprises pyrotechnic separators 5 which connect the inflatable body 2 and the support 3. The pyrotechnic separators 5 are arranged between the inflatable body 2 and the support 3 so as to separate the support from the inflatable body once once the mission is complete. In addition, the aerostat may comprise at least one parachute 6 fixed to the payload support so as to slow down the return of the support to the ground when the latter is detached from the inflatable body. In the example represented, the aerostat 1 comprises a parachute 6 arranged between the payload support and the inflatable body.
[0062] Comme l'illustre les figures 2 et 3, le support de charge utile comprend un plateau 34. Le plateau est configuré pour présenter une forme complémentaire à celle de la charge utile qu'il supporte. Dans le présent exemple, le plateau 34 est rectangulaire. As illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, the payload support comprises a plate 34. The plate is configured to have a shape complementary to that of the payload it supports. In this example, the plate 34 is rectangular.
[0063] Dans le présent exposé, le support comprend quatre pieds 36, chaque pied étant monté à une extrémité du plateau. Les pieds permettent d'éviter que la charge utile s'écrase lors de son retour au sol. In this presentation, the support comprises four feet 36, each foot being mounted at one end of the plate. The feet prevent the payload from crashing when it returns to the ground.
[0064] Les pieds du support sont montés sur la surface inférieure du plateau. Dans l'exemple représenté, chaque pied présente une forme de pyramide tronquée. [0064] The feet of the support are mounted on the lower surface of the plate. In the example shown, each foot has the shape of a truncated pyramid.
[0065] Selon l'exemple illustré aux figures 2 et 3, le support 3 peut comprend au moins un moyen de déport 38 configuré pour déporter chacun des pieds par rapport au support. Par exemple, ledit au moins un moyen de déport 38 est monté entre le plateau du support et chacun des pieds du support. Le moyen de déport améliore davantage la résistance à l'écrasement de la charge utile lors de son retour au sol. Dans le mode de réalisation, ledit au moins un moyen de déport est une rehausse. Ainsi selon le présent exemple, le support comprend quatre rehausses 38 agencée chacune entre le plateau et un des quatre pieds. According to the example illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, the support 3 may comprise at least one offset means 38 configured to offset each of the feet relative to the support. For example, said at least one offset means 38 is mounted between the support plate and each of the support legs. The offset means further improves the crush resistance of the payload when it returns to the ground. In the embodiment, said at least one offset means is a riser. Thus according to the present example, the support comprises four collars 38 each arranged between the plate and one of the four feet.
[0066] L'aérostat selon l'invention comprend un générateur d'énergie solaire 7. Le générateur d'énergie solaire 7 est destiné à fournir l'énergie électrique nécessaire au fonctionnement des dispositifs embarqués dans la charge utile. The aerostat according to the invention comprises a solar energy generator 7. The solar energy generator 7 is intended to supply the electrical energy necessary for the operation of the devices on board the payload.
[0067] Dans le présent exposé, le générateur d'énergie solaire 7 est relié au support de charge utile 3 et est agencé sous le support. In the present presentation, the solar energy generator 7 is connected to the payload support 3 and is arranged under the support.
[0068] Le générateur d'énergie solaire 7 est suspendu sous la charge utile. La disposition du générateur d'énergie solaire, sous le support de charge utile permet au générateur de pouvoir s'intégrer à tout type de charge utile sans nécessité d'en modifier les dimensions. En effet, le générateur d'énergie solaire doit être de grande taille pour répondre au besoin en énergie. L'escamotage du générateur électrique solaire, suspendu sous la charge utile permet de résoudre ce problème. The solar energy generator 7 is suspended under the payload. The arrangement of the solar energy generator, under the payload support, allows the generator to be able to be integrated into any type of payload without the need to modify its dimensions. Indeed, the solar energy generator must be large in size to meet the energy requirement. Retracting the solar electric generator, suspended under the payload, solves this problem.
[0069] De plus, cela permet à la charge utile d'avoir un comportement stable au décollage et à l'atterrissage en évitant, par exemple les effet d'hélice qui pourrait mettre la charge utile en rotation. Ce dernier comportement a pu être observé lorsque des générateurs électriques étaient disposés sur les côtés de la charge utile par exemple. [0069] In addition, this allows the payload to have a stable behavior on takeoff and on landing by avoiding, for example, the propeller effect which could set the payload in rotation. This last behavior could be observed when electric generators were arranged on the sides of the payload for example.
[0070] Dans le présent exposé, le générateur d'énergie solaire 7 est agencé au centre de symétrie du support 3, entre les pieds du support 36. L'agencement du générateur entre les pieds du support permet au générateur d'être protégé lors de la redescente au sol. In the present presentation, the solar energy generator 7 is arranged at the center of symmetry of the support 3, between the feet of the support 36. The arrangement of the generator between the feet of the support allows the generator to be protected during from the descent to the ground.
[0071] Le générateur d'énergie solaire 7 est escamotable entre une première position dite position de stockage (figure 4) et une deuxième position dite position d'utilisation (figure 1). The solar energy generator 7 is retractable between a first position called the storage position (FIG. 4) and a second position called the use position (FIG. 1).
[0072] Par position de stockage on entend que le générateur d'énergie solaire est agencé à proximité du support de charge utile. En d'autres termes, le générateur d'énergie solaire est replié sous le support de charge utile. Par exemple, le générateur solaire peut être calé sous le support de charge utile, sur des butées mécaniques, par exemple en mousse. Par position d'utilisation, on entend que le générateur d'énergie solaire est déployé et s'étend par rapport au support de charge utile. By storage position is meant that the solar energy generator is arranged close to the payload support. In other words, the solar power generator is folded under the payload carrier. For example, the solar generator can be wedged under the payload support, on mechanical stops, for example made of foam. By position of use, it is meant that the solar energy generator is deployed and extends relative to the payload support.
[0073] Le générateur d'énergie solaire selon l'invention comprend une pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques 72. Les panneaux photovoltaïques permettent de générer de l'énergie de manière renouvelable ce qui permet d'augmenter la production d'énergie et d'augmenter la durée d'utilisation de la charge utile. The solar energy generator according to the invention comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels 72. The photovoltaic panels make it possible to generate energy in a renewable manner which makes it possible to increase the production of energy and to increase the payload usage time.
[0074] La pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques est escamotable entre la position de stockage, dans laquelle les panneaux photovoltaïques sont groupés et s'étendent horizontalement les uns sous les autres dans des plans « P » horizontaux (figure 4), et la position d'utilisation dans laquelle les panneaux photovoltaïques sont déployés et s'étendent verticalement les uns sous les autres dans un même plan vertical « V ». [0074] The plurality of photovoltaic panels can be retracted between the storage position, in which the photovoltaic panels are grouped and extend horizontally one under the other in horizontal "P" planes (FIG. 4), and the position of use in which the photovoltaic panels are deployed and extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane "V".
[0075] Par panneaux photovoltaïques regroupés, on entend que les panneaux photovoltaïques sont rassemblés les uns sous les autres, empilés les uns sous les autres, de manière à présenter le minimum d'encombrement possible. Dans cette configuration, les panneaux photovoltaïques sont regroupés en intégralité à proximité du support de charge utile 3. Cette configuration dite position de stockage est particulièrement avantageuse lors du décollage de l'aérostat car elle permet de diminuer les risques de choc avec les opérateurs qui travaillent autour de l'aérostat lors de son décollage. By grouped photovoltaic panels, it is meant that the photovoltaic panels are grouped together one under the other, stacked one under the other, so as to present the minimum possible bulk. In this configuration, the photovoltaic panels are grouped together in their entirety close to the payload support 3. This so-called storage position configuration is particularly advantageous during takeoff of the aerostat because it makes it possible to reduce the risk of collision with the operators who work around it. the aerostat during take-off.
[0076] En position de stockage, la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques est repliée sous le support et la charge utile. Cette configuration permet en outre au générateur d'énergie solaire de présenter un minimum d'encombrement notamment lors des phases de décollage, de montée et de redescente. In the storage position, the plurality of photovoltaic panels is folded under the support and the payload. This configuration also allows the solar energy generator to have a minimum of bulk, in particular during the take-off, ascent and descent phases.
[0077] Par panneaux photovoltaïques déployés on entend que les panneaux photovoltaïques s'étendent à distance du support de charge utile 3, les uns sous les autres dans un même plan vertical « V ». By deployed photovoltaic panels is meant that the photovoltaic panels extend at a distance from the payload support 3, one under the other in the same vertical plane “V”.
[0078] La disposition des panneaux photovoltaïques qui s'étendent verticalement les uns sous les autres dans un même plan vertical permet de favoriser les vols en haute latitude dans lesquels les élévations solaires sont plus faibles. En effet, pour qu'un panneau fournisse un maximum d'énergie, le flux solaire doit être dirigé perpendiculairement à la surface du panneau solaire. La disposition verticale des panneaux favorise ainsi les vols en haute latitude. The arrangement of the photovoltaic panels which extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane makes it possible to promote high latitude flights in which the solar elevations are lower. Indeed, for a panel to provide maximum energy, the solar flux must be directed perpendicular to the surface of the solar panel. The vertical arrangement of the panels thus favors high latitude flights.
[0079] Par ailleurs, la disposition des panneaux photovoltaïques qui s'étendent verticalement les uns sous les autres dans un même plan vertical permet de limiter voire supprimer les phénomènes d'ombrages qui peuvent apparaître par exemple avec des panneaux qui s'étendent les uns sous les autres horizontalement. Furthermore, the arrangement of the photovoltaic panels which extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane makes it possible to limit or even eliminate the shading phenomena which may appear for example with panels which extend one from the other. under the others horizontally.
[0080] Selon cette configuration et comme l'illustre la figure 5, la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques forme une surface photovoltaïque « S » en position d'utilisation. According to this configuration and as shown in Figure 5, the plurality of photovoltaic panels form a photovoltaic surface "S" in the use position.
[0081] Selon un mode de réalisation, ladite surface photovoltaïque « S » est modulable. Ceci permet à l'aérostat de s'adapter aux besoins en énergie et aux conditions d'éclairement. According to one embodiment, said photovoltaic surface “S” is adjustable. This allows the aerostat to adapt to energy needs and lighting conditions.
[0082] Par exemple, les panneaux photovoltaïques de la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques sont reliés les uns aux autres de manière amovibles. Ceci permet de moduler la surface photovoltaïque en retirant ou en ajoutant un ou plusieurs panneau(x) photovoltaïque(s). Cette configuration permet également de pouvoir remplacer facilement un ou plusieurs panneaux photovoltaïques en cas de panne par exemple. For example, the photovoltaic panels of the plurality of photovoltaic panels are connected to each other in a removable manner. This makes it possible to modulate the photovoltaic surface by removing or adding one or more panel(s) photovoltaic(s). This configuration also makes it possible to easily replace one or more photovoltaic panels in the event of a breakdown, for example.
[0083] Par exemple les panneaux photovoltaïques peuvent être reliés les uns aux autres au moyen de liaisons amovibles. Par exemple, au moyens de charnières amovibles 8 (figure 6). For example, the photovoltaic panels can be connected to each other by means of removable links. For example, by means of removable hinges 8 (Figure 6).
[0084] Comme l'illustre les figures 7 et 8, les charnières sont configurées pour suivre le mouvement d'escamotage et de déploiement des panneaux photovoltaïques entre les positions d'utilisation et de stockage. As illustrated in Figures 7 and 8, the hinges are configured to follow the movement of retraction and deployment of the photovoltaic panels between the use and storage positions.
[0085] Par exemple, une charnière 8 présente une première partie mobile 82 sur laquelle est destiné à être fixé un premier panneau solaire et une seconde partie mobile 84 sur laquelle est destiné à être fixé un deuxième panneau solaire adjacent. La charnière comprend et un arbre 86 reliant la première et seconde partie mobile et permet la mobilité des parties mobiles par rotation autour de l'arbre. Dans l'exemple représenté, la charnière 8 est en acier inoxydable. For example, a hinge 8 has a first movable part 82 on which a first solar panel is intended to be fixed and a second movable part 84 on which a second adjacent solar panel is intended to be fixed. The hinge comprises and a shaft 86 connecting the first and second mobile parts and allows the mobility of the mobile parts by rotation around the shaft. In the example shown, the hinge 8 is made of stainless steel.
[0086] Par exemple, chaque panneau photovoltaïque 72 peut comprendre quatre charnières 8. Ceci permet d'avoir une fixation optimale des panneaux photovoltaïques entre eux. [0086] For example, each photovoltaic panel 72 can comprise four hinges 8. This makes it possible to have an optimal fixing of the photovoltaic panels between them.
[0087] Chacun des panneaux photovoltaïques comprend 72 une structure 722 sur laquelle est fixée une pluralité de cellules photovoltaïques 724 (figure 8). Selon un exemple non représenté, chacun des panneaux photovoltaïques comprend soixante cellules, réparties en quatre sous modules indépendants de quinze cellules chacun. Les cellules des sous- modules sont câblées en série. Each of the photovoltaic panels comprises 72 a structure 722 on which is fixed a plurality of photovoltaic cells 724 (FIG. 8). According to an example not shown, each of the photovoltaic panels comprises sixty cells, divided into four independent sub-modules of fifteen cells each. The submodule cells are wired in series.
[0088] Dans un mode de réalisation, la structure 722 des panneaux photovoltaïques est en matériau composite, de préférence en carbone ce qui permet de conférer aux panneaux photovoltaïque légèreté et résistance. Dans le présent exposé, la structure des panneaux photovoltaïques 722 est plane et sensiblement rectangulaire. In one embodiment, the structure 722 of the photovoltaic panels is made of composite material, preferably carbon, which makes it possible to confer lightness and resistance on the photovoltaic panels. In the present presentation, the structure of the photovoltaic panels 722 is planar and substantially rectangular.
[0089] L'énergie électrique produite par l'exposition des cellules photovoltaïques au soleil le jour est déchargée dans des batteries des composants de la charge utile la nuit. A cet effet l'aérostat comprend des interconnexions électromécaniques configurées pour acheminées l'énergie électrique produite par les panneaux photovoltaïques, vers les dispositifs nécessitant de l'énergie de la charge utile. Par exemple, l'aérostat peut comprendre des câbles électriques 73 (figure 14) destinés à acheminer l'énergie électrique depuis les panneaux photovoltaïques jusqu'aux batteries embarquées dans la charge utile. Comme l'illustre la figure 14, les câbles électriques sont acheminés depuis les panneaux photovoltaïques jusqu'à la charge utile. Selon un mode de réalisation, les câbles électriques sont souples pour ne pas gêner l'escamotage et le déploiement des panneaux photovoltaïques. Par exemple, les câbles électriques sont en silicone. The electrical energy produced by the exposure of the photovoltaic cells to the sun during the day is discharged into the batteries of the components of the payload at night. To this end, the aerostat comprises electromechanical interconnections configured to convey the electrical energy produced by the photovoltaic panels, to the devices requiring payload power. For example, the aerostat can include electrical cables 73 (FIG. 14) intended to route the electrical energy from the photovoltaic panels to the batteries on board the payload. As shown in Figure 14, the electrical cables are routed from the photovoltaic panels to the payload. According to one embodiment, the electric cables are flexible so as not to interfere with the retraction and deployment of the photovoltaic panels. For example, electrical cables are made of silicone.
[0090] Comme l'illustre les figures 7 et 8, des boites de raccordement électrique 730 peuvent être fixées sur les panneaux photovoltaïques. Ces boites de raccordement sont destinées à isoler les raccordements électriques de l'aérostat. Afin de limiter le nombre de perçages dans les structures des panneaux photovoltaïques, les boites de raccordement 730 peuvent être fixées avec des trous de fixation des charnières. En outre les boites de raccordement 730 présentent des dimensions égales à celle des parties mobiles 82, 84 des charnières 8. Les boites de raccordement sont montées sur les faces des panneaux photovoltaïques dépourvues de cellules photovoltaïques. As illustrated in Figures 7 and 8, electrical connection boxes 730 can be attached to the photovoltaic panels. These junction boxes are intended to isolate the electrical connections of the aerostat. In order to limit the number of holes in the structures of the photovoltaic panels, the connection boxes 730 can be fixed with hinge fixing holes. In addition, the connection boxes 730 have dimensions equal to those of the moving parts 82, 84 of the hinges 8. The connection boxes are mounted on the faces of the photovoltaic panels devoid of photovoltaic cells.
[0091] L'aérostat selon l'invention peut comprendre un système de pilotage 9 du générateur d'énergie solaire. Comme l'illustre la figure 9, le système de pilotage 9 peut être directement fixé au support de charge utile 37. Par exemple, le système de pilotage 9 est fixé sur la face inférieure 32 du support de charge utile 3 et le générateur d'énergie solaire 7 comprenant la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques est fixée au système de pilotage 9. The aerostat according to the invention may comprise a control system 9 of the solar energy generator. As illustrated in Figure 9, the steering system 9 can be directly attached to the payload carrier 37. For example, the steering system 9 is attached to the underside 32 of the payload carrier 3 and the generator of solar energy 7 comprising the plurality of photovoltaic panels is fixed to the control system 9.
[0092] Le système de pilotage 9 comprend un dispositif de déploiement et de regroupement 92 configuré pour entrainer un passage du générateur d'énergie solaire entre la position de stockage et la position d'utilisation. Le dispositif peut comprendre un module de pilotage configuré pour enclencher le dépliement ou l'escamotage des panneaux photovoltaïques. Le dispositif peut être motorisé. Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif est commandable à distance. The control system 9 comprises a deployment and grouping device 92 configured to cause the solar energy generator to pass between the storage position and the use position. The device may include a control module configured to trigger the unfolding or retraction of the photovoltaic panels. The device can be motorized. According to one embodiment, the device is remote controllable.
[0093] Par exemple, le dispositif peut comprendre un treuil fixé au support de charge utile et au moins deux cordes. Les cordes sont reliées d'une part aux panneaux photovoltaïques et d'autres part au treuil de manière à être enroulées ou déroulées par le treuil. L'enroulement ou le déroulement des cordes entraînera respectivement l'escamotage ou le déploiement des panneaux photovoltaïques auxquels ils sont reliés. Par exemple, les cordes cheminent en alternance à l'arrière et à l'avant des panneaux photovoltaïques comme l'illustre la figure 14. [0093] For example, the device may comprise a winch fixed to the payload support and at least two ropes. The ropes are connected on the one hand to the photovoltaic panels and on the other hand to the winch so as to be wound or unwound by the winch. Winding up or unwinding the ropes will respectively cause the retraction or deployment of the photovoltaic panels to which they are connected. For example, the ropes run alternately at the back and at the front of the photovoltaic panels as shown in Figure 14.
[0094] Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le système de pilotage peut comprendre un dispositif rotatif 94 configuré pour entrainer le générateur d'énergie solaire en rotation autour d'un axe vertical « A » lorsque le générateur d'énergie solaire est en position d'utilisation. Comme l'illustre les figures 10 et 11, le dispositif rotatif est configuré pour entrainer la rotation des panneaux photovoltaïques selon 360° autour de l'axe vertical « A ». According to one embodiment of the invention, the control system may comprise a rotary device 94 configured to drive the solar energy generator in rotation around a vertical axis "A" when the solar energy generator is in the position of use. As illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, the rotary device is configured to cause the photovoltaic panels to rotate through 360° around the vertical axis “A”.
[0095] Le dispositif rotatif permet d'orienter les panneaux photovoltaïques face au soleil, indépendamment de la position en azimut de la charge utile qui est fixe sur le support de charge utile. La position du soleil pourra être déterminée au moyen d'une table des éphémérides du soleil implantée dans un ordinateur de bord embarqué dans la charge utile. Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif rotatif est motorisé. The rotary device makes it possible to orient the photovoltaic panels facing the sun, independently of the position in azimuth of the payload which is fixed on the payload support. The position of the sun can be determined by means of a table of the ephemeris of the sun implanted in an on-board computer embedded in the payload. According to one embodiment, the rotary device is motorized.
[0096] Dans l'exemple représenté en figure 1, le générateur d'énergie solaire comprend un dispositif de déport 74 de la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques. Le dispositif de déport est configuré pour déporter la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques par rapport au support selon un axe vertical « A ». Le dispositif de déport 74 permet d'éloigner les panneaux photovoltaïques 72 du cône d'ombre de la charge utile et du support de charge utile 3 lorsque l'élévation solaire est importante. Ainsi on comprend que le dispositif de déport est dépourvu de cellules photovoltaïques. In the example represented in FIG. 1, the solar energy generator comprises an offset device 74 for the plurality of photovoltaic panels. The offset device is configured to offset the plurality of photovoltaic panels relative to the support along a vertical axis “A”. The offset device 74 makes it possible to move the photovoltaic panels 72 away from the shadow cone of the payload and from the payload support 3 when the solar elevation is high. Thus it is understood that the offset device does not have photovoltaic cells.
[0097] Dans l'exemple représenté, le dispositif de déport 74 est relié d'une part à la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïque 72 et d'autre part au support de charge utile 3 et plus particulièrement au système de pilotage 9 directement fixé au support (figure 9). En d'autres termes, la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques est reliée au support par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de déport. In the example shown, the offset device 74 is connected on the one hand to the plurality of photovoltaic panels 72 and on the other hand to the payload support 3 and more particularly to the control system 9 directly attached to the support. (figure 9). In other words, the plurality of photovoltaic panels is connected to the support via the offset device.
[0098] Dans l'exemple représenté, le dispositif de déport 74 comprend une pluralité de plaques de déport 740. Les plaques de déport 740 sont reliées les unes aux autres au moyen de liaisons amovibles telle que la charnière 8 illustrée à la figure 6. Ceci permet de pouvoir moduler le déport de la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques en retirant ou en ajoutant une ou plusieurs plaque(s) au dispositif de déport. Dans l'exemple représenté, les plaques sont ajourées. L'ajourage des plaques permet de diminuer la masse du dispositif de déport. In the example shown, the offset device 74 comprises a plurality of offset plates 740. The offset plates 740 are connected to each other by means of removable links such as the hinge 8 illustrated in Figure 6. this allows to be able to modulate the offset of the plurality of photovoltaic panels by removing or adding one or more plate(s) to the offset device. In the example shown, the plates are perforated. The openwork of the plates makes it possible to reduce the mass of the offset device.
[0099] La pluralité de plaques de déport 740 est escamotable entre la position de stockage dans laquelle les plaques sont regroupées et s'étendent horizontalement les unes sous les autres dans des plans « P » horizontaux (figure 4), et la position d'utilisation dans laquelle les plaques sont déployées et s'étendent verticalement les unes sous les autres dans un même plan vertical « V » (figure 1). The plurality of offset plates 740 can be retracted between the storage position in which the plates are grouped together and extend horizontally one under the other in horizontal "P" planes (FIG. 4), and the position of use in which the plates are deployed and extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane "V" (Figure 1).
[0100] Selon un mode de réalisation non représenté, l'aérostat peut ne pas comprendre de dispositif de déport. [0100] According to an embodiment not shown, the aerostat may not include an offset device.
[0101] Comme l'illustrent les figures 12 et 13 l'aérostat peut comprendre un dispositif de protection 10 du générateur d'énergie solaire. Le dispositif de protection est destiné à protéger la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques lorsque les panneaux sont en position de stockage. As shown in Figures 12 and 13 the aerostat may include a protection device 10 of the solar energy generator. The protection device is intended to protect the plurality of photovoltaic panels when the panels are in the storage position.
[0102] Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de protection comprend un premier moyen de protection 12 monté sous le support de manière à ce que le premier moyen de protection entoure l'intégralité du générateur d'énergie solaire lorsque le générateur d'énergie solaire est en position de stockage. Par exemple, le premier moyen de protection 10 est en matériaux composite en carbone. Ce matériau permet au dispositif de protection d'être léger et résistant. According to one embodiment, the protection device comprises a first protection means 12 mounted under the support so that the first protection means surrounds the entire solar energy generator when the energy generator solar is in the storage position. For example, the first means of protection 10 is made of carbon composite materials. This material allows the protective device to be light and resistant.
[0103] Dans l'exemple représenté, le premier moyen de protection 10 est une jupe de protection montée sous le support de manière à ce que la jupe de protection entoure latéralement le générateur d'énergie solaire lorsque le générateur d'énergie solaire est en position de stockage. Ceci permet de protéger les côtés du générateur d'énergie solaire des chocs à l'atterrissage. In the example shown, the first protection means 10 is a protection skirt mounted under the support so that the protection skirt laterally surrounds the solar energy generator when the solar energy generator is in operation. storage position. This protects the sides of the solar power generator from landing shocks.
[0104] Dans l'exemple représenté, la jupe de protection est directement fixée au support. La jupe de protection est solidaire du support. In the example shown, the protective skirt is directly attached to the support. The protective skirt is integral with the support.
[0105] Selon le mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 12 et 13, le dispositif de protection peut comprendre un deuxième moyen de protection 14. Dans l'exemple représenté, le deuxième moyen de protection 14 est un capot de protection. Le capot de protection est relié à une extrémité libre de l'un des panneaux photovoltaïques. Par extrémité libre, on entend l'extrémité du dernier panneau suspendu sous le support, c'est-à-dire le panneau en dessous duquel n'est pas relié un autre panneau. Le capot de protection peut être en matériaux composite en carbone. Ce matériau permet au capot d'être léger et résistant. According to the embodiment shown in Figures 12 and 13, the protection device may include a second protection means 14. In the example shown, the second protective means 14 is a protective cover. The protective cover is connected to a free end of one of the photovoltaic panels. By free end is meant the end of the last panel suspended under the support, that is to say the panel below which another panel is not connected. The protective cover can be made of carbon composite materials. This material allows the hood to be light and resistant.
[0106] Le capot de protection est configuré pour être en appui contre la jupe de protection lorsque le générateur d'énergie solaire est en position de stockage et disposé à distance de la jupe de protection lorsque le générateur d'énergie solaire est en position d'utilisation (figure 1). Le capot de protection est guidé et verrouillé par un système mécanique (non représenté). Le capot de protection permet de protéger le dessous du générateur solaire des chocs à l'atterrissage. Par exemple, le capot peut comprendre une couche de polymère plastique comme le poly-para-phénylène téréphtalamide (kevlar®) ce qui lui permet de résister aux perçages (causés par les branches d'arbres par exemple). Le capot de protection est démuni de cellules photovoltaïques. [0106] The protective cover is configured to rest against the protective skirt when the solar energy generator is in the storage position and disposed at a distance from the protective skirt when the solar energy generator is in the storage position. use (figure 1). The protective cover is guided and locked by a mechanical system (not shown). The protective cover protects the underside of the solar generator from shocks on landing. For example, the cover can include a layer of plastic polymer such as poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide (kevlar®) which allows it to resist drilling (caused by tree branches for example). The protective cover has no photovoltaic cells.
[0107] La figure 14 illustre un mode de réalisation dans lequel l'aérostat 1 comprend dans l'ordre des éléments distincts s'étendant les uns sous les autres : le support de charge utile 3 (la charge utile n'étant pas représentée), le système de pilotage 9 fixé sous le support de charge utile, et le générateur d'énergie solaire comprenant une première lame 75 dite Lame de Reprise Mécanique fixée au système de pilotage, une deuxième lame 76 dite lame de déport étroite fixée à la première lame, une troisième lame 77 dite Lame de Reprise électrique reliée à la deuxième lame 76, le dispositif de déport 74 comprenant une pluralité de plaques de déport ajourées 740, relié à la troisième lame 77, la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques 72, relié au dispositif de déport et le capot de protection 14 relié à une extrémité libre de la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques. Les première, deuxième et troisième plaques sont dépourvues de cellules photovoltaïques. [0107] FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment in which the aerostat 1 comprises, in order, distinct elements extending one under the other: the payload support 3 (the payload not being shown) , the control system 9 fixed under the payload support, and the solar energy generator comprising a first blade 75 called the Mechanical Recovery Blade fixed to the control system, a second blade 76 called the narrow offset blade fixed to the first blade, a third blade 77 called Electrical Recovery Blade connected to the second blade 76, the offset device 74 comprising a plurality of perforated offset plates 740, connected to the third blade 77, the plurality of photovoltaic panels 72, connected to the device offset and the protective cover 14 connected to a free end of the plurality of photovoltaic panels. The first, second and third plates are devoid of photovoltaic cells.
[0108] La lame de Reprise Mécanique 75 est unique et est destinée à fixer la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques au système de pilotage. La lame de Reprise Mécanique est de forme rectangulaire et est ajourée. [0109] La lame de Déport Etroite 76 est unique et est configurée pour déporter la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques par rapport aux pieds du support de manière à permettre une rotation de la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques. La lame de Déport Etroite est de forme rectangulaire et est ajouré et présente une surface supérieure à la surface de la lame de Reprise Mécanique. The Mechanical Recovery blade 75 is unique and is intended to fix the plurality of photovoltaic panels to the control system. The Mechanical Recovery blade is rectangular in shape and is perforated. The narrow offset blade 76 is unique and is configured to offset the plurality of photovoltaic panels relative to the feet of the support so as to allow rotation of the plurality of photovoltaic panels. The Narrow Offset blade is rectangular in shape and is perforated and has a surface greater than the surface of the Mechanical Recovery blade.
[0110] La lame de Reprise électrique 77 est unique et est configurée pour recentrer l'ensemble des composants électrique provenant de la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques vers les premières et deuxièmes lames et le support de charge utile. La lame de Reprise électrique est de forme trapézoïdale et est ajourée. [0110] The electrical take-up blade 77 is unique and is configured to refocus all of the electrical components originating from the plurality of photovoltaic panels towards the first and second blades and the payload support. The Electric resumption blade is trapezoidal in shape and is perforated.
[0111] Les lames 75, 76, 77 sont escamotables entre une position de stockage dans laquelle les lames sont regroupées et s'étendent horizontalement les unes sous les autres dans des plans « P » horizontaux, et une position d'utilisation dans laquelle les lames sont déployées et s'étendent verticalement les unes sous les autres dans un même plan vertical « V ». The blades 75, 76, 77 are retractable between a storage position in which the blades are grouped together and extend horizontally one under the other in horizontal "P" planes, and a position of use in which the blades are deployed and extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane "V".
[0112] Dans l'exemple représenté, le dispositif de déport 74 comprend cinq plaques de déport 740 rectangulaire ajourées, disposées les unes sous les autres dans un même plan vertical « V » et reliées les unes aux autres aux moyens de charnières. Bien évidement l'invention n'est pas limitée à ce nombre plaques qui peut être modifié en fonction du déport souhaité des panneaux photovoltaïques. Par exemple, le nombre de plaque de déport peut varier entre zéro et cinq. In the example shown, the offset device 74 comprises five perforated rectangular offset plates 740, arranged one under the other in the same vertical plane “V” and connected to each other by means of hinges. Obviously, the invention is not limited to this number of plates which can be modified according to the desired offset of the photovoltaic panels. For example, the number of offset plates can vary between zero and five.
[0113] Dans l'exemple représenté, le générateur d'énergie solaire comprend huit panneaux photovoltaïques 72. Cette configuration permet d'obtenir une puissance maximale pour une mission à basse altitude. Bien évidement l'invention n'est pas limitée à ce nombre panneaux photovoltaïques qui peut être modifié facilement en ajoutant ou supprimant un ou plusieurs(s) panneau(x) grâce aux charnières amovibles. Par exemple, le nombre de panneaux photovoltaïques peut varier entre un et huit. In the example represented, the solar energy generator comprises eight photovoltaic panels 72. This configuration makes it possible to obtain maximum power for a mission at low altitude. Of course, the invention is not limited to this number of photovoltaic panels which can be easily modified by adding or removing one or more panel(s) thanks to the removable hinges. For example, the number of photovoltaic panels can vary between one and eight.
[0114] En fonctionnement l'aérostat 1 décolle avec le générateur d'énergie solaire 7 en position de stockage (figure 4), la position de stockage est maintenue durant toute l'ascension, jusqu'à l'arrivée au lieu de la mission. Le générateur d'énergie solaire 7 est protégé par le dispositif de protection 10 (figures 12 et 13). Le générateur d'énergie solaire se déploie en position d'utilisation. En position d'utilisation les panneaux photovoltaïques sont déployés et s'étendent verticalement les uns sous les autres dans un même plan vertical (figures 1 et 14). La position de la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques peut être modifiée de manière à suivre la position du soleil au moyen du dispositif de rotation 94. Quelques minutes avant la fin de la mission, la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques est escamotée en position de stockage et le générateur d'énergie solaire est à nouveau protégé par le dispositif de protection. Le corps gonflable 2 est séparé du reste de l'aérostat au moyen de la mise ne fonctionnement des séparateurs pyrotechniques 25. La charge utile 4, le support 3 et le générateur d'énergie solaire 7 entament leur retour vers le sol. Les pieds du support 4 permettent en outre de protéger la charge utile en l'empêchant d'entrer en contact avec des éléments naturels des sites d'atterrissages tels que les arbres, les rochers etc. Le dispositif de protection 10 permet de protéger la générateur d'énergie solaire, ce qui permet d'obtenir un générateur d'énergie solaire réutilisable et de réduire les coûts. In operation, the aerostat 1 takes off with the solar energy generator 7 in the storage position (FIG. 4), the storage position is maintained throughout the ascent, until arrival at the place of the mission. . The solar energy generator 7 is protected by the protection device 10 (FIGS. 12 and 13). The energy generator solar deploys in position of use. In the use position, the photovoltaic panels are deployed and extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane (FIGS. 1 and 14). The position of the plurality of photovoltaic panels can be modified so as to follow the position of the sun by means of the rotation device 94. A few minutes before the end of the mission, the plurality of photovoltaic panels is retracted into the storage position and the generator of solar energy is again protected by the protection device. The inflatable body 2 is separated from the rest of the aerostat by means of the operation of the pyrotechnic separators 25. The payload 4, the support 3 and the solar energy generator 7 begin their return to the ground. The feet of the support 4 also make it possible to protect the payload by preventing it from coming into contact with natural elements of the landing sites such as trees, rocks, etc. The protection device 10 makes it possible to protect the solar energy generator, which makes it possible to obtain a reusable solar energy generator and to reduce costs.
[0115] Bien évidemment, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples qui viennent d'être décrits et de nombreux aménagements peuvent être apportés à ces exemples sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Notamment, les différentes caractéristiques, formes, variantes et modes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent être associés les uns avec les autres selon diverses combinaisons dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas incompatibles ou exclusifs les uns des autres. En particulier, toutes les variantes et modes de réalisation décrits précédemment sont combinables entre eux. Obviously, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described and many adjustments can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the different characteristics, forms, variants and embodiments of the invention can be associated with each other in various combinations insofar as they are not incompatible or exclusive of each other. In particular, all the variants and embodiments described previously can be combined with one another.

Claims

Revendications Claims
[Revendication 1] Un aérostat (1) destiné à réaliser des missions de transport d'une charge utile sur une planète à atmosphère, l'aérostat (1) comprenant : un corps gonflable (2) conçu pour être pressurisé par un gaz plus léger que l'atmosphère, un support de charge utile (3) configuré pour supporter une charge utile, le support (3) étant agencé sous le corps gonflable (2) et étant relié au corps gonflable (2), un générateur d'énergie solaire (7) agencé sous le support (3) et relié au support (3), le générateur d'énergie solaire (7) étant escamotable entre une première position dite position de stockage et une deuxième position dite position d'utilisation , le générateur d'énergie solaire (7) comprenant une pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques (72) escamotable entre ladite position de stockage dans laquelle les panneaux photovoltaïques (72) sont groupés et s'étendent horizontalement les uns sous les autres dans des plans (P) horizontaux, et ladite position d'utilisation dans laquelle les panneaux photovoltaïques (72) sont déployés et s'étendent verticalement les uns sous les autres dans un même plan vertical (V). [Claim 1] An aerostat (1) for performing payload transport missions on an atmospheric planet, the aerostat (1) comprising: an inflatable body (2) designed to be pressurized by a lighter gas atmosphere, a payload carrier (3) configured to support a payload, the carrier (3) being arranged under the inflatable body (2) and being connected to the inflatable body (2), a solar power generator (7) arranged under the support (3) and connected to the support (3), the solar energy generator (7) being retractable between a first position called the storage position and a second position called the use position, the generator solar energy (7) comprising a plurality of photovoltaic panels (72) retractable between said storage position in which the photovoltaic panels (72) are grouped and extend horizontally one below the other in horizontal planes (P), and said position of use in which the photovoltaic panels (72) are deployed and extend vertically one under the other in the same vertical plane (V).
[Revendication 2] Aérostat (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques forme une surface photovoltaïque (S) en position d'utilisation et en ce que ladite surface photovoltaïque (S) est modulable, les panneaux photovoltaïques (72) étant reliés les uns aux autres de manière amovible. [Claim 2] Aerostat (1) according to claim 1, in which the plurality of photovoltaic panels form a photovoltaic surface (S) in the position of use and in that the said photovoltaic surface (S) is adjustable, the photovoltaic panels (72 ) being detachably connected to each other.
[Revendication 3] Aérostat (1) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel les panneaux photovoltaïques (72) sont reliés les uns aux autres au moyen charnières amovibles (8). [Claim 3] Aerostat (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the photovoltaic panels (72) are connected to each other by means of removable hinges (8).
[Revendication 4] Aérostat (1) selon l'une quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le générateur d'énergie solaire (7) comprend un dispositif de déport (74) configuré pour déporter la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques (72) par rapport au support selon un axe vertical (A). [Claim 4] Aerostat (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the solar energy generator (7) comprises an offset device (74) configured to offset the plurality of photovoltaic panels (72) with respect to the support along a vertical axis (A).
[Revendication 5] Aérostat (1) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le dispositif de déport (74) comprend une pluralité de plaques de déport (740) escamotables entre la position de stockage dans laquelle les plaques sont regroupées et s'étendent horizontalement les unes sous les autres dans des plans (P) horizontaux et la position d'utilisation dans laquelle les plaques sont déployées et s'étendent verticalement les unes sous les autres dans un même plan vertical (V).[Claim 5] Aerostat (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the offset device (74) comprises a plurality of offset plates (740) retractable between the storage position in which the plates are grouped together and extend horizontally one below the other in horizontal planes (P) and the position of use in which the plates are deployed and extend vertically one below the other others in the same vertical plane (V).
[Revendication 6] Aérostat (1) selon l'une quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'aérostat (1) comprend un dispositif rotatif (94) configuré pour entrainer le générateur solaire électrique (7) en rotation autour d'un axe vertical (A). [Claim 6] Aerostat (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the aerostat (1) comprises a rotary device (94) configured to drive the solar electric generator (7) in rotation about a vertical axis (HAS).
[Revendication 7] Aérostat (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le support de charge utile (3) comprend un plateau (34) et quatre pieds (36), chaque pied (36) étant agencé à une extrémité du plateau (34). [Claim 7] Aerostat (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the payload support (3) comprises a plate (34) and four legs (36), each leg (36) being arranged at one end of the tray (34).
[Revendication 8] Aérostat (1) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le support de charge utile (3) comprend au moins un moyen de déport (38) configuré pour déporter chacun des pieds (36) par rapport au support. [Claim 8] Aerostat (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the payload support (3) comprises at least one offset means (38) configured to offset each of the feet (36) with respect to the support.
[Revendication 9] Aérostat (1) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le générateur d'énergie solaire (7) est agencé au centre de symétrie du support (3), entre les pieds (36) du support. [Claim 9] Aerostat (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the solar energy generator (7) is arranged at the center of symmetry of the support (3), between the feet (36) of the support.
[Revendication 10] Aérostat (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'aérostat (1) comprend un dispositif de protection (10) du générateur d'énergie solaire. [Claim 10] Aerostat (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the aerostat (1) comprises a device (10) for protecting the solar energy generator.
[Revendication 11] Aérostat (1) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le dispositif de protection (10) comprend un premier moyen de protection (12) monté sous le support de manière à ce que le premier moyen de protection entoure le générateur solaire lorsque le générateur d'énergie solaire est en position de stockage. [Claim 11] Aerostat (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the protection device (10) comprises a first protection means (12) mounted under the support so that the first protection means surrounds the solar generator when the solar power generator is in the storage position.
[Revendication 12] Aérostat (1) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le premier moyen de protection (12) est une jupe de protection (12) solidaire du support. [Claim 12] Aerostat (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the first protective means (12) is a protective skirt (12) integral with the support.
[Revendication 13] Aérostat (1) selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12 dans lequel le dispositif de protection (10) comprend un deuxième moyen de protection (14), ledit deuxième moyen de protection étant un capot de protection (14) relié à une extrémité libre de l'un des panneaux photovoltaïques. [Revendication 14] Aérostat (1) selon la revendication 12 en combinaison avec la revendication 13, dans lequel le capot de protection (14) est configuré pour être en appui contre la jupe de protection (12) lorsque générateur d'énergie solaire (7) est en position de stockage de manière à recouvrir la pluralité de panneaux photovoltaïques, et dans lequel le capot de protection (14) est disposé à distance de la jupe de protection (12) lorsque le générateur d'énergie solaire (7) est en position d'utilisation. [Claim 13] Aerostat (1) according to one of Claims 10 to 12, in which the protective device (10) comprises a second protective means (14), the said second protective means being a protective cover (14) connected at a free end of one of the photovoltaic panels. [Claim 14] Aerostat (1) according to Claim 12 in combination with Claim 13, in which the protective cover (14) is configured to bear against the protective skirt (12) when the solar energy generator (7 ) is in the storage position so as to cover the plurality of photovoltaic panels, and in which the protective cover (14) is arranged at a distance from the protective skirt (12) when the solar energy generator (7) is in position of use.
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PCT/FR2021/052412 2020-12-28 2021-12-21 Aerostat intended to perform missions for transporting a payload WO2022144516A1 (en)

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FRFR2014183 2020-12-28
FR2014183A FR3118447A1 (en) 2020-12-28 2020-12-28 Aerostat intended to carry out payload transport missions

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6237241B1 (en) * 1998-10-06 2001-05-29 Global Aerospace Corporation Suspended object cable-suspension orienting system
US20140352756A1 (en) * 2013-06-01 2014-12-04 Vinh Minh Glisttenmeer Lam Solar balloon photovoltaic array
WO2017127746A1 (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 World View Enterprises Inc. High altitude balloon antenna systems
US20190190439A1 (en) * 2017-12-15 2019-06-20 Loon Llc Tilting solar panels for high altitude balloons

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6237241B1 (en) * 1998-10-06 2001-05-29 Global Aerospace Corporation Suspended object cable-suspension orienting system
US20140352756A1 (en) * 2013-06-01 2014-12-04 Vinh Minh Glisttenmeer Lam Solar balloon photovoltaic array
WO2017127746A1 (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 World View Enterprises Inc. High altitude balloon antenna systems
US20190190439A1 (en) * 2017-12-15 2019-06-20 Loon Llc Tilting solar panels for high altitude balloons

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