WO2022143499A1 - 一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体,包括底座和关节面;其中所述底座包括棱锥和底板骨小梁,棱锥固定设置在骨小梁中间位置,且棱锥底部设置有棱锥倒刺结构。底座具有倒刺结构,可以与关节面部分的倒刺结构进行组配,倒刺结构边缘带有斜角,这样便于进行组配,使两部分倒刺结构互相勾住,产生有很强的抗拔力,可以有效防止关节面与金属部分脱位。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2020年12月28日提交的中国申请号202011577242.9的权益。所述申请号202011577242.9据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
本发明涉及一种医疗器械,特别是一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体。
关节内骨软骨缺损和损伤是临床常见疾病,关节软骨损伤的代表性疾病是骨性关节炎,骨性关节炎的症状包括:最主要的症状是疼痛,初期为轻微钝痛,以后逐渐加重,活动多时加剧,休息之后有所好转。有的病人晨起时感到疼痛,稍微活动后减轻,但活动过量后疼痛就会加重,晚期会出现持续性疼痛或者是夜间痛,又叫静息痛。疼痛可与天气变化、受凉、受潮等因素有关;经常感到关节活动不灵,上下楼困难,晨起时关节固定在某个角度较长时间,出现关节僵硬,稍微活动后有所减轻;关节活动时有各种不同的响声,主要是由于关节软骨破坏,关节面不平所造成的;如果关节软骨剥脱或者掉入关节腔形成游离体,也叫关节鼠,这个时候可能会出现关节交锁;关节软骨损伤可以导致滑膜炎,形成积液,造成关节肿胀。
而目前的治疗方式有钻孔、自体活异体软骨移植以及软骨细胞移植等,但上述方式都存在修复能力有限、疾病传播、供区有限、步骤繁琐、费用昂贵等不足且并发症多的缺点。目前国内外临床极少有专用于关节内骨软骨缺损和损伤的内植物材料出现,对于大多数关节内骨软骨缺损的患者急需一种能够代替关节软骨面发挥作用的内植物。
因此,当下急需一种低摩擦系数,可长期留存体内的医用内植物代替缺损的软骨的假体。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体,包括底座和关 节面;其中所述底座包括棱锥和底板骨小梁,棱锥固定设置在骨小梁中间位置,且棱锥底部设置有棱锥倒刺结构,所述倒刺结构底部呈长方形结构、中部呈倒梯形结构、上部呈带边缘斜角的梯形结构,且上部带边缘斜角的梯形结构底边长度大于中部呈倒梯形结构的顶边长度;底座上设置有与棱锥倒刺结构适配的底座倒刺结构。
进一步的,所述底座材质为金属,所述关节面部分材料为高分子聚乙烯材料或陶瓷合金。
进一步的,所述棱锥表面设置有棱锥骨小梁结构。
进一步的,所述底板骨小梁和棱锥骨小梁结构均为网格孔隙率设置为50%~80%,孔径设置为100~400μm。
进一步的,所述关节面部分为弧形。
进一步的,所述棱锥为三棱锥,三棱锥结构高度为8-15mm。
进一步的,棱锥倒刺结构、关节面倒刺结构的上部边缘斜角均为40-45°。
使用时,将底座与关节面通过倒刺结构组合:具体的将棱锥结构通过敲击进入骨质中,棱锥的结构可以更好抗旋转,增加软骨假体的稳定性。
其中本发明相对于现有技术具有以下优点:
(1)棱锥结构表面带有一层骨小梁结构能够促进利于骨质长入,增加后期的稳定性。
(2)同时底板骨小梁结构课根据骨质去除的厚度,去选择底板骨小梁结构的厚度,从而增加假体与骨质接触面积,进一步增加假体后期的稳定性,且底板骨小梁与棱锥为一个整体,采用3D打印工艺进行实现。
(3)底座具有倒刺结构,可以与关节面部分的倒刺结构进行组配,倒刺结构边缘带有斜角,这样便于进行组配,使两部分倒刺结构互相勾住,产生有很强的抗拔力,可以有效防止关节面与金属部分脱位。
(4)关节面部分根据患者股骨、胫骨软骨生理弧度进行设计,通过患者CT数据利用软件mimics逆向原理,提取骨质表面进行设计关节面部分,精准符合患者本身软骨生理弧度,不会与正常膝关节周围关节面弧度有冲突,使其修复的软骨关节面达到顺滑效果,减少患者的痛苦;
(5)该局部置换膝关节软骨假体采用3D打印技术,因此软骨假体可以根据每一个患者缺损的大小,进行定制,从而满足每一个患者的需求,增大使用范围大。
图1是本发明局部置换膝关节软骨假体整体结构主视图;
图2是本发明局部置换膝关节软骨假体整体结构俯视图;
图3是本发明局部置换膝关节软骨假体底座主视图;
图4是本发明局部置换膝关节软骨假体关节面主视图;
1-底座,2-关节面,11-棱锥倒刺结构;12-棱锥,13-底板骨小梁;21-关节面倒刺结构。
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体作进一步的详细描述。
包括底座和关节面;其中所述底座包括棱锥12和底板骨小梁13,棱锥12固定设置在底板骨小梁13中间位置,且棱锥12底部设置有棱锥倒刺结构11,且棱锥倒刺结构底部穿过底板骨小梁,所述棱锥倒刺结构11底部呈长方形结构、中部呈倒梯形结构、上部呈带边缘斜角的梯形结构,且上部带边缘斜角的梯形结构底边长度大于中部呈倒梯形结构的顶边长度;关节面上设置有与棱锥倒刺结构适配的关节面倒刺结构21。其中底板骨小梁为网格孔隙率设置为50%~80%,孔径设置为100~400μm。所述棱锥为三棱锥,三棱锥结构高度为8-15mm。棱锥倒刺结构、关节面倒刺结构的上部边缘斜角均为40-45°。通过棱锥结构倒刺结构,可以与关节面倒刺结构进行组配,倒刺结构边缘带有斜角,这样便于进行组配,使两部分倒刺结构互相勾住,产生有很强的抗拔力,可以有效防止关节面与金属部分脱位。
金属底座采用具有机械强度的金属,关节面采用低摩擦系数的高分子聚乙烯或陶瓷合金制备而成。
为了利于骨质长入,在棱锥结构表面带有一层棱锥骨小梁结构,增加后期的稳定性,其中棱锥骨小梁结构的网格孔隙率设置为50%~80%,孔径设置为100~400μm。
通过患者CT数据利用软件mimics逆向原理,提取骨质表面进行设计关节面部分,将关节面部分设置为弧形。以精准符合患者本身软骨生理弧度,不会与正常膝关节周围关节面弧度有冲突,使其修复的软骨关节面达到顺滑效果,减少患者的痛苦。
其中,底板骨小梁结构课根据骨质去除的厚度,去选择底板骨小梁结构的厚度,从而增加假体与骨质接触面积,进一步增加假体后期的稳定性,且底板骨小梁与棱锥为一个整体。该局部置换膝关节软骨假体采用3D打印技术,因此软骨假体可以根据每一个患者缺损的大小,进行定制,从而满足每一个患者的需求,增大使用范围大。
使用时,将底座与关节面通过倒刺结构组合:具体的将棱锥结构通过敲击进入骨质中,棱锥的结构可以更好抗旋转,增加软骨假体的稳定性。
可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本本发明的精神和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
- 一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体,其特征在于:包括底座和关节面;其中所述底座包括棱锥和底板骨小梁,棱锥固定设置在骨小梁中间位置,且棱锥底部设置有棱锥倒刺结构,底座上设置有与棱锥倒刺结构适配的底座倒刺结构。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体,其特征在于:所述棱锥倒刺结构贯穿底板骨小梁,所述棱锥倒刺结构底部呈长方形结构、中部呈倒梯形结构、上部呈带边缘斜角的梯形结构,且上部带边缘斜角的梯形结构底边长度大于中部呈倒梯形结构的顶边长度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体,其特征在于:所述底座材质为金属,所述关节面部分材料为高分子聚乙烯材料或陶瓷合金。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体,其特征在于:所述棱锥表面设置有棱锥骨小梁结构。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体,其特征在于:所述底板骨小梁和棱锥骨小梁结构均为网格孔隙率设置为50%~80%,孔径设置为100~400μm。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体,其特征在于:所述关节面为弧形。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体,其特征在于:棱锥为三棱锥,三棱锥结构高度为8-15mm。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体,其特征在于:棱锥倒刺结构、关节面倒刺结构的上部边缘斜角均为40-45°。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202011577242.9A CN112603606A (zh) | 2020-12-28 | 2020-12-28 | 一种局部置换膝关节软骨假体 |
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