WO2022142507A1 - Mems麦克风及其振膜结构 - Google Patents

Mems麦克风及其振膜结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022142507A1
WO2022142507A1 PCT/CN2021/119636 CN2021119636W WO2022142507A1 WO 2022142507 A1 WO2022142507 A1 WO 2022142507A1 CN 2021119636 W CN2021119636 W CN 2021119636W WO 2022142507 A1 WO2022142507 A1 WO 2022142507A1
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Prior art keywords
diaphragm
mems microphone
back plate
electrode layer
support layer
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PCT/CN2021/119636
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡永刚
冷华星
冯栋
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无锡华润上华科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022142507A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022142507A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/04Microphones
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/06Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/003Mems transducers or their use

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of semiconductor devices, in particular to a diaphragm structure of a MEMS microphone, and also to a MEMS microphone.
  • MEMS devices are usually produced using integrated circuit manufacturing technology. Silicon-based microphones have broad application prospects in hearing aids and mobile communication equipment. The research on MEMS microphone chips has been more than 20 years. During this period, many types of microphone chips have been developed, including piezoresistive, piezoelectric and capacitive, among which capacitive MEMS microphones are the most widely used.
  • the diaphragm of an exemplary condenser MEMS microphone is fixed around, when sound pressure acts on the diaphragm, the diaphragm deforms in an arc, that is, the central area of the diaphragm deforms more (closer to the back plate or more). far), while the edge region deformation is less, which will result in poor linearity of the microphone output of this diaphragm structure.
  • a diaphragm structure of a MEMS microphone comprising:
  • the first diaphragm is a conductive material, and the edge of the first diaphragm is used to connect with the support layer of the MEMS microphone;
  • the second diaphragm which is a conductive material, has a width smaller than that of the first diaphragm so as not to be in contact with the support layer of the MEMS microphone;
  • the connector is made of conductive material, the first end is connected to the first diaphragm, and the second end is connected to the second diaphragm;
  • the second diaphragm is configured to face the back plate of the MEMS microphone.
  • the edge of the first diaphragm includes a plurality of anchor points protruding outward, and the first diaphragm is connected to the support layer through each anchor point.
  • the second diaphragm is a circular film.
  • a MEMS microphone comprising a lower electrode layer, a support layer and an upper electrode layer, the support layer is arranged between the lower electrode layer and the upper electrode layer, and a part of the position between the lower electrode layer and the upper electrode layer is provided No support layer is provided to form a cavity, one of the lower electrode layer and the upper electrode layer is a diaphragm structure, and the other is a back plate, and the diaphragm structure includes:
  • the first vibrating film is made of conductive material, and the edge of the first vibrating film is connected with the supporting layer;
  • the second diaphragm which is a conductive material, is located in the cavity between the first diaphragm and the back plate and is not in contact with the surrounding support layer;
  • the connector is made of conductive material, the first end is connected to the first diaphragm, and the second end is connected to the second diaphragm.
  • the second end is connected to the center of the second diaphragm.
  • the first end is connected to the center of the orthographic projection of the cavity on the surface of the first diaphragm.
  • the second diaphragm is arranged parallel to the back plate.
  • a plurality of sound holes are opened on the back plate.
  • the first diaphragm is a flexible film
  • the back plate is a rigid film
  • the first diaphragm is softer than the second diaphragm.
  • a substrate is further included, and the lower electrode layer is disposed on the substrate.
  • an insulating layer provided between the substrate and the lower electrode layer is further included.
  • it also includes:
  • a first pad disposed on the upper surface of the upper electrode layer
  • the second pad is provided on the upper surface of the lower electrode.
  • the first diaphragm is a circular thin film.
  • the edge of the first diaphragm and the support layer form annular contact and are connected together.
  • the edge of the first diaphragm includes a plurality of anchor points protruding outward, and the first diaphragm is connected to the support layer through each anchor point.
  • the second diaphragm is a circular film.
  • the second diaphragm is a rigid membrane
  • the connecting member is a rigid connecting post
  • the support layer is a sacrificial layer of insulating material.
  • the MEMS microphone is a capacitive MEMS microphone.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the deformation of an exemplary capacitive MEMS microphone when sound pressure acts on a diaphragm
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a diaphragm structure of a MEMS microphone in an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first diaphragm of a fully clamped structure in an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first diaphragm of a non-fully clamped structure in an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a first diaphragm of a non-fully clamped structure in another embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a MEMS microphone in an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a MEMS microphone in another embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the deformation of an exemplary capacitive MEMS microphone when sound pressure acts on the diaphragm.
  • the dotted line is the shape outline of the diaphragm after deformation. It can be seen that because the support layer around the diaphragm and the surrounding support layers are rigidly connected, the deformation of the central area of the diaphragm is larger (closer to the back plate), while the deformation of the edge area is smaller. The linearity of the output of the microphone with this type of diaphragm structure is poor; in addition, due to the small amount of deformation of the diaphragm in the edge region, it is not effectively used, and the sensitivity of the microphone is low.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a diaphragm structure of a MEMS microphone in an embodiment.
  • the diaphragm structure includes a first diaphragm 110 , a second diaphragm 120 and a connecting member 112 .
  • the first diaphragm 110 is made of conductive material. When the first diaphragm 110 is disposed on the MEMS microphone, its edge is connected to the support layer of the MEMS microphone.
  • the second diaphragm 120 is also made of conductive material. Since the second diaphragm 120 needs to vibrate up and down in the cavity of the support layer along with the sound pressure when the microphone is working, the second diaphragm 120 needs to be smaller than the cavity on the plane to achieve vibration without contact with the surrounding support layer. touch. Correspondingly, in an embodiment of the present application, the width of the second diaphragm 120 is smaller than that of the first diaphragm 110 so as not to be in contact with the support layer of the MEMS microphone.
  • the connecting member 112 is also made of conductive material.
  • the connecting member 112 is a connecting column, one end of the connecting column is connected to the first diaphragm 110 , and the other end is connected to the second diaphragm 120 .
  • the second diaphragm 120 is disposed toward the back plate of the MEMS microphone, that is, the second diaphragm 120 is closer to the back plate than the first diaphragm 110 .
  • the first diaphragm 110 vibrates, and drives the second diaphragm 120 to vibrate through the connecting member 112, and the second diaphragm 120 vibrates.
  • the distance between the middle and edge regions from the backplate is the same, so the capacitance change is more linear when vibrating, which reduces the total harmonic distortion of the microphone.
  • the structure of the above-mentioned diaphragm structure is simple, and the process is easier to realize.
  • the first vibrating membrane 110 is a flexible film, which may be a flexible film having tensile stress and can conduct electricity. A certain degree of deformation can occur when the surrounding air vibrates.
  • the connecting member 112 is made of a rigid material.
  • the second diaphragm 120 in order to ensure that the second diaphragm 120 can be parallel to the back plate of the MEMS microphone when vibrating, the second diaphragm 120 is made of a rigid material; and the connecting member 112 is arranged perpendicular to the first diaphragm 110 , the second diaphragm 120 is perpendicular to the connecting member 112 . It can be understood that the first diaphragm 110 is softer than the second diaphragm 120 and the connecting member 112 .
  • connection position of the connecting member 112 and the first diaphragm 110 is the center of the orthographic projection of the cavity on the surface of the first diaphragm 100 . Since the central area of the first diaphragm 110 has the largest deformation during vibration, this setting can make the microphone have higher sensitivity. The chip area is smaller, which can reduce the production cost.
  • connection position of the connecting member 112 and the second diaphragm 120 is the center of the second diaphragm 120 .
  • the first diaphragm 110 may be a fully clamped structure or a non-fully clamped structure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first diaphragm 110 in an embodiment in which the first diaphragm 110 is a fully clamped structure.
  • the edge region of the first diaphragm 110 and the support layer of the microphone are in annular contact and connected together, that is, the periphery of the first diaphragm 110 is connected to the support layer department.
  • the first diaphragm 110 is a circular film.
  • the edge of the first diaphragm 110 When the first diaphragm 110 is not fully supported, the edge of the first diaphragm 110 includes a plurality of anchor points protruding outward, and the first diaphragm 110 is connected to the support layer of the microphone through the anchor points.
  • the first diaphragm 110 of the non-full-clamped structure can be in the shape of a cross, a starfish, a virus, a polygon, or the like.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are schematic diagrams of the first diaphragm 110 in two embodiments of the non-fully clamped structure, respectively.
  • the MEMS microphone may be a capacitive MEMS microphone, including a lower electrode layer, a support layer and an upper electrode layer, the support layer is disposed between the lower electrode layer and the upper electrode layer, and the lower electrode layer and the upper electrode layer A support layer is not provided in some positions between the electrode layers to form a cavity, and the lower electrode layer and the upper electrode layer are respectively used as one poles of the plate capacitor.
  • 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a MEMS microphone in an embodiment.
  • the diaphragm structure is used as the upper electrode layer, and the back plate 210 is used as the lower electrode layer.
  • the diaphragm structure can be any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • Membrane structure In an embodiment of the present application, the diaphragm structure includes:
  • the first diaphragm 110 is made of conductive material, and the edge of the first diaphragm 110 is connected to the support layer 130 .
  • the second diaphragm 120 is made of conductive material, located in the cavity 201 between the first diaphragm 110 and the back plate 210 , and is not in contact with the surrounding support layer 130 .
  • the connecting member 112 is made of conductive material, the first end is connected to the first diaphragm 110 , and the second end is connected to the second diaphragm 120 .
  • the first diaphragm 110 vibrates, and drives the second diaphragm 120 to vibrate through the connecting member 112.
  • the distances between the plates 210 are all the same, so the capacitance change is more linear when vibrating, which can reduce the total harmonic distortion of the microphone.
  • the structure of the above-mentioned diaphragm structure is simple, and the process is easier to realize.
  • the MEMS microphone further includes a substrate 100 , and the lower electrode layer (the back plate 210 in FIG. 6 ) is disposed on the substrate 100 .
  • the material of the substrate 100 is Si
  • the material of the substrate 100 may also be other semiconductors or semiconductor compounds, such as one of Ge, SiGe, SiC, SiO 2 or Si 3 N 4 .
  • a back cavity is formed in the middle of the substrate 100 , and the back cavity is disposed correspondingly to the cavity 201 of the support layer 130 , that is, the back cavity is disposed directly below the cavity 201 .
  • the MEMS microphone further includes an insulating layer 220 disposed between the substrate 100 and the lower electrode layer.
  • the insulating layer 220 is used to insulate the substrate 100 and the lower electrode layer from each other.
  • the insulating layer 220 also serves as an etch stop layer for back cavity etching.
  • the insulating layer 220 is a silicon oxide layer.
  • the MEMS microphone further includes a first pad 118 and a second pad 218 .
  • the first pad 118 is disposed on the upper surface of the upper electrode layer, and may be disposed above the support layer 130 away from the middle region of the upper electrode layer.
  • the second pad 218 is disposed on the exposed lower electrode layer, and is also disposed away from the middle region of the lower electrode layer.
  • both the first pad 118 and the second pad 218 are made of metal. The first pad 118 and the second pad 218 can lead out the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer when the MEMS microphone package is wired.
  • the first vibrating membrane 110 is a flexible film, which may be a flexible film having tensile stress and can conduct electricity. A certain degree of deformation can occur when the surrounding air vibrates.
  • the solid line and the dotted line of the diaphragm structure respectively represent the shape and position of the diaphragm structure under two different deformation amounts.
  • the connecting member 112 is made of a rigid material.
  • the second diaphragm 120 in order to ensure that the second diaphragm 120 can be parallel to the back plate 210 when vibrating, the second diaphragm 120 is made of a rigid material; and the second diaphragm 120 is arranged parallel to the back plate 210 .
  • the back plate 210 is a conductive rigid film, and the back plate 210 is provided with a plurality of sound holes of a certain size, and the sound waves can be conducted to the first diaphragm 110 through the sound holes.
  • the sound holes are uniformly distributed on the back plate 210 ; in other embodiments, the sound holes may also be non-uniformly distributed, for example, the sound holes are more concentrated in the middle region of the back plate 210 .
  • both the lower electrode layer and the upper electrode layer are conductive layers.
  • the diaphragm structure and the back plate 210 are both made of polysilicon. When polysilicon is deposited to form a polysilicon layer, the process parameters for polysilicon deposition can be changed, its thickness and the doping amount of impurities can be controlled, etc., so as to form a desired flexible or rigid structure.
  • the diaphragm structure and the back plate 210 may also be a composite layer structure including a conductive layer, for example, one or more of the following materials: Si, Ge, SiGe, SiC, Al, W, Ti , or Al/W/Ti nitrides.
  • the first diaphragm 110 is softer than the second diaphragm 120 , the connecting member 112 and the back plate 210 .
  • the support layer 130 is a sacrificial layer, and the cavity is actually released from the sacrificial layer. During the release process, the sacrificial layer at the position of the cavity is etched away to form a cavity.
  • the thickness of the support layer 130 is 3-5 microns.
  • the support layer 130 is made of insulating material.
  • the cavity is a cylindrical cavity; in other embodiments, the cavity can also be a cuboid or other shapes.
  • connection position of the connecting member 112 and the first diaphragm 110 is the center of the orthographic projection of the cavity on the surface of the first diaphragm 100 . Since the central area of the first diaphragm 110 has the largest deformation during vibration, this setting can make the microphone have higher sensitivity. Since the edge area of the first diaphragm 110 is effectively used, under the condition of achieving the same sensitivity, the MEMS microphone The required chip area is smaller, which can reduce the production cost of the microphone.
  • connection position of the connecting member 112 and the second diaphragm 120 is the center of the second diaphragm 120 .
  • the first diaphragm 110 may be a fully clamped structure or a non-fully clamped structure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first diaphragm 110 in an embodiment in which the first diaphragm 110 is a fully clamped structure.
  • the edge region of the first diaphragm 110 is in annular contact with the support layer 130 and connected together, that is, the periphery of the first diaphragm 110 is connected to the support layer 130 department.
  • the first diaphragm 110 is a circular film.
  • the edge of the first diaphragm 110 When the first diaphragm 110 is not fully supported, the edge of the first diaphragm 110 includes a plurality of anchor points protruding outward, and the first diaphragm 110 is connected to the support layer of the microphone through the anchor points.
  • the first diaphragm 110 of the non-full-clamped structure can be in the shape of a cross, a starfish, a virus, a polygon, or the like.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are schematic diagrams of the first diaphragm 110 in two embodiments of the non-fully clamped structure, respectively.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the MEMS microphone in another embodiment.
  • the main difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is that the diaphragm structure is used as the lower electrode layer, and the back plate 210 is used as the upper electrode layer.
  • Figure 7 also plots the shape and position of the diaphragm structure under two different deformation quantities with solid and dashed lines.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are examples of some main structures of the MEMS microphone, and the MEMS microphone may have other structures besides the structures shown in the figures.

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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种MEMS麦克风及其振膜结构,所述振膜结构包括:第一振膜,为导电材质,所述第一振膜的边缘用于与MEMS麦克风的支撑层连接;第二振膜,为导电材质,宽度小于所述第一振膜的宽度从而不与所述MEMS麦克风的支撑层接触;以及连接件,为导电材质,第一端连接所述第一振膜,第二端连接所述第二振膜;在所述第一振膜和第二振膜中,所述第二振膜用于朝向所述MEMS麦克风的背板设置。本发明当MEMS麦克风工作中的声压作用在振膜结构上时,第一振膜发生振动,并通过连接件带动第二振膜振动,第二振膜无论中间还是边缘区域与背板之间的距离都是相同的,所以振动时电容变化更具线性,可以减少麦克风的总谐波失真。

Description

MEMS麦克风及其振膜结构
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年12月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011630953.8、发明名称为“MEMS麦克风及其振膜结构”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体器件技术领域,特别是涉及一种MEMS麦克风的振膜结构,还涉及一种MEMS麦克风。
背景技术
微机电系统(Micro-Electro-Mechanical System,MEMS)器件通常是采用集成电路制造技术来生产的。硅基麦克风在助听器和移动通讯设备等领域有广阔的应用前景。MEMS麦克风芯片的研究已经有20多年了,在此期间有很多类型的麦克风芯片研发出来,其中有压阻式、压电式和电容式等,其中电容式的MEMS麦克风应用最为广泛。
示例性的电容式MEMS麦克风的振膜由于四周被固定住,当声压作用在振膜上时,振膜发生弧形形变,即振膜的中心区域形变较大(距离背板更近或更远),而边缘区域形变则较小,因此会导致这种振膜结构的麦克风输出的线性度较差。
发明内容
基于此,有必要提供一种线性度较好的MEMS麦克风及其振膜结构。
一种MEMS麦克风的振膜结构,包括:
第一振膜,为导电材质,所述第一振膜的边缘用于与MEMS麦克风的支撑层连接;
第二振膜,为导电材质,宽度小于所述第一振膜的宽度从而不与所述MEMS麦克风的支撑层接触;以及
连接件,为导电材质,第一端连接所述第一振膜,第二端连接所述第二振膜;
在所述第一振膜和第二振膜中,所述第二振膜用于朝向所述MEMS麦克风的背板设置。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第一振膜的边缘包括多个向外侧突出的锚点,所述第一 振膜通过各锚点与所述支撑层连接。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第二振膜为圆形薄膜。
一种MEMS麦克风,包括下电极层、支撑层及上电极层,所述支撑层设于所述下电极层和上电极层之间,且所述下电极层和上电极层之间的部分位置不设置支撑层从而形成空腔,所述下电极层和上电极层的其中之一为振膜结构、另一为背板,所述振膜结构包括:
第一振膜,为导电材质,所述第一振膜的边缘与所述支撑层连接;
第二振膜,为导电材质,位于所述第一振膜与背板之间的空腔中且不与周围的所述支撑层接触;以及
连接件,为导电材质,第一端连接所述第一振膜,第二端连接所述第二振膜。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第二端连接所述第二振膜的中心。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第一端连接所述空腔在第一振膜表面的正投影的中心。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第二振膜平行于所述背板设置。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述背板上开设有多个声孔。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第一振膜为柔性薄膜,所述背板为刚性薄膜。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第一振膜比所述第二振膜柔软。
在其中的一个实施例中,还包括基板,所述下电极层设于所述基板上。
在其中的一个实施例中,还包括设于所述基板和下电极层之间的绝缘层。
在其中的一个实施例中,还包括:
第一焊盘,设置在所述上电极层的上表面;
第二焊盘,设置所述下电极的上表面。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第一振膜为圆形薄膜。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第一振膜的边缘与所述支撑层形成环形接触并连接在一起。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第一振膜的边缘包括多个向外侧突出的锚点,所述第一振膜通过各锚点与所述支撑层连接。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第二振膜为圆形薄膜。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述第二振膜是刚性薄膜,所述连接件是刚性的连接柱。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述支撑层为绝缘材质的牺牲层。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述MEMS麦克风为电容式MEMS麦克风。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请的其他特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或传统技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或传统技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为一种示例性的电容式MEMS麦克风在声压作用于振膜上时的形变示意图;
图2是一实施例中MEMS麦克风的振膜结构的示意图;
图3是一实施例中全固支结构的第一振膜的示意图;
图4是一实施例中非全固支结构的第一振膜的示意图;
图5是另一实施例中非全固支结构的第一振膜的示意图;
图6是一实施例中MEMS麦克风的剖面结构示意图;
图7是另一实施例中MEMS麦克风的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“竖直的”、“水平的”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。当元件或层被称为“在...上”、“与...相邻”、“连接到”或“耦合到”其它元件或层时,其可以直接地在其它元件或层上、与之相邻、连接或耦合到其它元件或层,或者可以存在居间的元件或层。相反,当元件被称为“直接在...上”、“与...直接相邻”、“直接连接到”或“直接耦合到”其它元件或层时,则不存在居间的元件或层。应当明白,尽管可使用术语第一、第二、第三,甲、乙、丙等描述各种元件、部 件、区、层和/或部分,这些元件、部件、区、层和/或部分不应当被这些术语限制。这些术语仅仅用来区分一个元件、部件、区、层或部分与另一个元件、部件、区、层或部分。因此,在不脱离本发明教导之下,下面讨论的第一元件、部件、区、层或部分可表示为第二元件、部件、区、层或部分。
图1示出了一种示例性的电容式MEMS麦克风在声压作用于振膜上时的形变示意图。其中虚线为振膜形变后的形状轮廓,可以看到由于振膜四周和周围的支撑层是刚性连接的,因此振膜的中心区域形变较大(距离背板更近),而边缘区域形变则较小。这种振膜结构的麦克风输出的线性度较差;另外,由于边缘区域的振膜发生的形变量较小,没有有效利用,麦克风的灵敏度较低。
图2是一实施例中MEMS麦克风的振膜结构的示意图。所述振膜结构包括第一振膜110、第二振膜120及连接件112。第一振膜110为导电材质,第一振膜110设置在MEMS麦克风上时,其边缘与MEMS麦克风的支撑层连接。
第二振膜120也为导电材质。由于第二振膜120在麦克风工作时需要随着声压在支撑层的空腔中上下振动,因此第二振膜120在平面上需要比该空腔小以实现振动时不与周围的支撑层接触。相应地,在本申请的一个实施例中,第二振膜120的宽度小于第一振膜110的宽度从而不与MEMS麦克风的支撑层接触。
连接件112同样为导电材质。在图2所示的实施例中,连接件112为连接柱,连接柱的一端连接第一振膜110,另一端连接第二振膜120。第二振膜120朝向MEMS麦克风的背板设置,即第二振膜120比第一振膜110更靠近所述背板。
上述MEMS麦克风的振膜结构,当MEMS麦克风工作中的声压作用在振膜结构上时,第一振膜110发生振动,并通过连接件112带动第二振膜120振动,第二振膜120无论中间还是边缘区域与背板之间的距离都是相同的,所以振动时电容变化更具线性,可以减少麦克风的总谐波失真。并且上述振膜结构的结构简单,工艺上更容易实现。
在本申请的一个实施例中,第一振膜110是一层柔性薄膜,具体可以是具有张应力并可导电的柔韧性薄膜。在周围空气发生振动时,可发生一定程度的形变。
在本申请的一个实施例中,由于需要通过连接件112带动第二振膜120振动,因此连接件112为刚性材质。
在本申请的一个实施例中,为了保证第二振膜120在振动时能够平行于MEMS麦克风的背板,因此第二振膜120为刚性材质;并且连接件112垂直于第一振膜110设置,第二振膜120垂直于连接件112设置。可以理解的,第一振膜110比第二振膜120和连接件112要柔软。
在本申请的一个实施例中,连接件112与第一振膜110的连接位置为所述空腔在第一振膜100表面的正投影的中心。由于第一振膜110的中心区域在振动时的形变最大,因此这样设置能够使得麦克风有较高的灵敏度,由于有效利用了第一振膜110的边缘区域,在实现相同灵敏度情况下,所需的芯片面积更小,可以降低生产成本。
在本申请的一个实施例中,连接件112与第二振膜120的连接位置为第二振膜120的中心。
第一振膜110可以是全固支结构也可以是非全固支结构。图3是第一振膜110为全固支结构的一实施例中,第一振膜110的示意图。当第一振膜110为全固支结构时,第一振膜110的边缘区域与麦克风的支撑层为环形接触并连接在一起,即第一振膜110的外围一圈为与支撑层的连接部。在图3所示的实施例中,第一振膜110为圆形薄膜。
当第一振膜110为非全固支结构时,第一振膜110的边缘包括多个向外侧突出的锚点,第一振膜110通过各锚点与麦克风的支撑层连接在一起。非全固支结构的第一振膜110可以为十字形、海星形、病毒形、多边形等。图4和图5分别是非全固支结构的两个实施例中第一振膜110的示意图。
本申请相应提供一种具有上述振膜结构的MEMS麦克风。在本申请的一个实施例中,MEMS麦克风可以是电容式MEMS麦克风,包括下电极层、支撑层及上电极层,支撑层设于下电极层和上电极层之间,且下电极层和上电极层之间的部分位置不设置支撑层从而形成空腔,下电极层和上电极层分别作为平板电容的一极。图6是一实施例中MEMS麦克风的剖面结构示意图,在该实施例中,振膜结构作为上电极层,背板210作为下电极层,振膜结构可以为前述任一实施例所述的振膜结构。在本申请的一个实施例中,所述振膜结构包括:
第一振膜110,为导电材质,第一振膜110的边缘与支撑层130连接。
第二振膜120,为导电材质,位于第一振膜110与背板210之间的空腔201中,且不与周围的支撑层130接触。
连接件112,为导电材质,第一端连接第一振膜110,第二端连接第二振膜120。
上述MEMS麦克风,当工作中声压作用在振膜结构上时,第一振膜110发生振动,并通过连接件112带动第二振膜120振动,第二振膜120无论中间还是边缘区域与背板210之间的距离都是相同的,所以振动时电容变化更具线性,可以减少麦克风的总谐波失真。并且上述振膜结构的结构简单,工艺上更容易实现。
在图6所示的实施例中,MEMS麦克风还包括基板100,下电极层(在图6中为背板210)设于基板100上。在本实施例中,基板100的材料为Si,基板100的材料还可以为 其他半导体或半导体的化合物,例如Ge、SiGe、SiC、SiO 2或Si 3N 4中的一种。基板100的中部开设有背腔,背腔与支撑层130的空腔201对应设置,即背腔设于空腔201的正下方。
在图6所示的实施例中,MEMS麦克风还包括设于基板100与下电极层之间的绝缘层220。绝缘层220用于使基板100和下电极层相互绝缘。在本申请的一个实施例中,绝缘层220还作为背腔刻蚀的刻蚀停止层。在本申请的一个实施例中,绝缘层220为氧化硅层。
在图6所示的实施例中,MEMS麦克风还包括第一焊盘118和第二焊盘218。第一焊盘118设置在上电极层的上表面,可以远离上电极层的中间区域设置在支撑层130的上方。第二焊盘218设置在暴露的下电极层上,同样远离下电极层的中间区域设置。在本申请的一个实施例中,第一焊盘118和第二焊盘218均由金属构成。第一焊盘118和第二焊盘218可以在MEMS麦克风封装打线时将上电极层和下电极层引出。
在本申请的一个实施例中,第一振膜110是一层柔性薄膜,具体可以是具有张应力并可导电的柔韧性薄膜。在周围空气发生振动时,可发生一定程度的形变。参见图6,实线和虚线的振膜结构分别表示振膜结构在两个不同的形变量下的形状和位置。
在本申请的一个实施例中,由于需要通过连接件112带动第二振膜120振动,因此连接件112为刚性材质。
在本申请的一个实施例中,为了保证第二振膜120在振动时能够平行于背板210,因此第二振膜120为刚性材质;并且,第二振膜120平行于背板210设置。
在本申请的一个实施例中,背板210是可导电的刚性薄膜,并且背板210开设有多个特定尺寸的声孔,声波可以通过声孔传导至第一振膜110。在本申请的一个实施例中,声孔在背板210上均匀分布;在其他实施例中,声孔也可以非均匀分布,例如在背板210的中间区域更为集中。
下电极层和上电极层均为导电层。在本申请的一个实施例中,所述振膜结构和背板210均为多晶硅材质。在淀积多晶硅,形成多晶硅层时,可以改变多晶硅淀积时的工艺参数、控制其厚度以及杂质的掺杂量等等,进而形成所需的柔性或刚性的结构。在其他实施例中,振膜结构和背板210也可以是包含了导电层的复合层结构,例如含有以下材质中的一种或多种:Si、Ge、SiGe、SiC、Al、W、Ti,或者Al/W/Ti的氮化物。在本申请的一个实施例中,第一振膜110比第二振膜120、连接件112及背板210柔软。
在本申请的一个实施例中,支撑层130为牺牲层,空腔实际上是由牺牲层经过释放而来的,在释放过程中,空腔位置处的牺牲层被腐蚀掉,形成空腔。在本申请的一个实施例中,支撑层130的厚度为3-5微米。在本申请的一个实施例中,支撑层130采用绝缘材质。 在本申请的一个实施例中,空腔为圆柱体空腔;在其他实施例中,空腔也可以是长方体或其他形状。
在本申请的一个实施例中,连接件112与第一振膜110的连接位置为所述空腔在第一振膜100表面的正投影的中心。由于第一振膜110的中心区域在振动时的形变最大,因此这样设置能够使得麦克风有较高的灵敏度,由于有效利用了第一振膜110的边缘区域,在实现相同灵敏度情况下,MEMS麦克风所需的芯片面积更小,可以降低麦克风的生产成本。
在本申请的一个实施例中,连接件112与第二振膜120的连接位置为第二振膜120的中心。
第一振膜110可以是全固支结构也可以是非全固支结构。图3是第一振膜110为全固支结构的一实施例中,第一振膜110的示意图。当第一振膜110为全固支结构时,第一振膜110的边缘区域与支撑层130形成环形接触并连接在一起,即第一振膜110的外围一圈为与支撑层130的连接部。在图3所示的实施例中,第一振膜110为圆形薄膜。
当第一振膜110为非全固支结构时,第一振膜110的边缘包括多个向外侧突出的锚点,第一振膜110通过各锚点与麦克风的支撑层连接在一起。非全固支结构的第一振膜110可以为十字形、海星形、病毒形、多边形等。图4和图5分别是非全固支结构的两个实施例中第一振膜110的示意图。
图7是另一实施例中MEMS麦克风的剖面结构示意图,其与图6所示实施例的主要区别在于:振膜结构作为下电极层,背板210作为上电极层。图7同样用实线和虚线绘出了的振膜结构在两个不同的形变量下的形状和位置。图7所示实施例的其他结构可以参见上文对图6所示实施例的介绍,此处不再赘述。可以理解的,图6和图7是对MEMS麦克风的一些主要结构的示例,MEMS麦克风除了图中示出的结构外,还可以有其他结构。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“有些实施例”、“其他实施例”、“理想实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特征包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性描述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范 围。因此,本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种MEMS麦克风的振膜结构,包括:
    第一振膜,为导电材质,所述第一振膜的边缘用于与MEMS麦克风的支撑层连接;
    第二振膜,为导电材质,宽度小于所述第一振膜的宽度从而不与所述MEMS麦克风的支撑层接触;以及
    连接件,为导电材质,第一端连接所述第一振膜,第二端连接所述第二振膜;
    在所述第一振膜和第二振膜中,所述第二振膜用于朝向所述MEMS麦克风的背板设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的MEMS麦克风的振膜结构,其特征在于,所述连接件的第一端连接所述空腔在第一振膜表面的正投影的中心,所述连接件的第二端连接所述第二振膜的中心;或
    所述第一振膜的边缘与所述支撑层形成环形接触并连接在一起;或
    所述第一振膜的边缘包括多个向外侧突出的锚点,所述第一振膜通过各锚点与所述支撑层连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的MEMS麦克风的振膜结构,其特征在于,所述第一振膜是一层具有张应力并可导电的柔韧性薄膜。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的MEMS麦克风的振膜结构,其特征在于,所述第一振膜比所述第二振膜、所述连接件及所述背板柔软。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的MEMS麦克风的振膜结构,其特征在于,所述第一振膜为柔性薄膜,所述背板为刚性薄膜,所述连接件为刚性材质。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的MEMS麦克风的振膜结构,其特征在于,所述第二振膜平行于所述背板设置。
  7. 一种MEMS麦克风,包括下电极层、支撑层及上电极层,所述支撑层设于所述下电极层和上电极层之间,且所述下电极层和上电极层之间的部分位置不设置支撑层从而形成空腔,其特征在于,所述下电极层和上电极层的其中之一为背板、另一为振膜结构,所述振膜结构包括:
    第一振膜,为导电材质,所述第一振膜的边缘与所述支撑层连接;
    第二振膜,为导电材质,位于所述第一振膜与背板之间的空腔中且不与周围的所述支撑层接触;以及
    连接件,为导电材质,第一端连接所述第一振膜,第二端连接所述第二振膜。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的MEMS麦克风,其特征在于,所述第一振膜为柔性薄膜,所述背板为刚性薄膜,所述连接件为刚性材质。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的MEMS麦克风,其特征在于,所述第一振膜的边缘与所述支撑层形成环形接触并连接在一起;或
    所述第一振膜的边缘包括多个向外侧突出的锚点,所述第一振膜通过各锚点与所述支撑层连接。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的MEMS麦克风,其特征在于,所述第二端连接所述第二振膜的中心,所述第一端连接所述空腔在第一振膜表面的正投影的中心。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的MEMS麦克风,其特征在于,所述背板上开设有多个声孔。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的MEMS麦克风,其特征在于,所述第一振膜比所述第二振膜柔软。
  13. 根据权利要求7所述的MEMS麦克风,其特征在于,还包括基板,所述下电极层设于所述基板上。
  14. 根据权利要求7所述的MEMS麦克风,其特征在于,所述第二振膜平行于所述背板设置。
  15. 根据权利要求7所述的MEMS麦克风,其特征在于,还包括:
    第一焊盘,设置在所述上电极层的上表面;
    第二焊盘,设置所述下电极的上表面。
PCT/CN2021/119636 2020-12-30 2021-09-22 Mems麦克风及其振膜结构 WO2022142507A1 (zh)

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