WO2022142489A1 - Système et procédé de dessalement d'eau de mer à énergie propre et dispositif de production d'énergie à gradient de salinité - Google Patents
Système et procédé de dessalement d'eau de mer à énergie propre et dispositif de production d'énergie à gradient de salinité Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
Definitions
- the invention relates to clean energy seawater desalination and salt difference energy power generation technology, and also relates to the treatment of waste water; in particular, it relates to a coupling of a reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination system and a reverse electrodialysis salt difference energy power generation system using wind and solar complementary power generation .
- distillation method thermal method
- membrane method The technologies employed in the vast majority of operating desalination plants are Multi-Stage Flash (MSF), Multiple Effect Evaporation (MDF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO).
- MDF Multi-Stage Flash
- MDF Multiple Effect Evaporation
- RO Reverse Osmosis
- multi-stage flash evaporation and multi-effect evaporation are a kind of distillation method, both of which are energy-intensive processing methods.
- Reverse osmosis membrane method is a kind of membrane method. Its principle is to separate seawater and freshwater by using a semi-permeable membrane that only allows solvent to pass through and does not allow solute to pass through.
- the biggest advantage of reverse osmosis technology is energy saving. Using clean energy such as offshore wind power and solar energy as energy supply will help to greatly reduce the production cost of seawater desalination and achieve the goal of efficient and sustainable development of the water resources sector.
- the desalination process especially reverse osmosis, produces high-salinity waste that is often injected back into the source pool, which not only reduces the long-term viability of desalination, but also threatens the marine ecosystem, creating a A potentially more costly negative externality problem. Therefore, it is a key issue to study and solve the high salinity by-products absorption and treatment technology.
- Reverse electrodialysis technology is one of the salt difference energy generation technologies. It uses the selective permeation of ion exchange membranes to directly convert chemical energy mixed with different concentrations of salt solutions into electrical energy, which is clean, sustainable, pollution-free, and energy density. high advantage. Its application scenarios are not limited to the confluence of rivers and seas, but can also be coupled with seawater desalination devices, which can capture the salt difference energy between concentrated seawater and general seawater, so as to realize the consumption and reuse of high-salinity by-products of seawater desalination, and improve seawater production. Economical and environmentally friendly desalination, thus contributing to the sustainability of desalination.
- the concentration of the solution has a great influence on the output power of the power generation.
- concentration of the dilute solution is too low, although the electrochemical potential difference between the two sides of the ion membrane can be increased, it is also It will cause the resistance of the membrane stack to increase rapidly and the power density to decrease.
- the average salinity of the world's oceans is 35 ⁇ , that is, the salt content in every kilogram of seawater is about 35 grams.
- Its conductivity is about 30000 ⁇ S/m, which is more than a thousand times larger than that of ordinary lake water and river water, that is, the conductivity of seawater is much higher than that of ordinary fresh water.
- seawater as a dilute solution can ensure that the resistance of the membrane group is low.
- the desalination rate is high, up to 99%, and the actual recovery rate is generally above 75%, sometimes even 90%. Therefore, the fresh water produced by reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination is of high purity.
- the concentration of the obtained concentrated seawater is about 4 times that of ordinary seawater (calculated according to the recovery rate of 75%).
- the salt difference between the two can generate electricity not only to achieve resource utilization, but also to dilute the concentrated seawater and reduce its impact on the marine environment.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for utilizing clean energy to desalinate seawater and utilizing salinity difference energy to generate electricity to absorb high-salinity by-products of seawater desalination.
- the reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination is powered by wind power and photovoltaic complementary power generation, and then the seawater desalination system is coupled with the reverse electrodialysis salt difference energy power generation system, and the salt difference energy between the seawater and the by-product of seawater desalination is used to concentrate the seawater. Consumption of high-salinity by-products of seawater desalination, and at the same time, electricity is generated to power desalination equipment or other loads.
- the purpose of the present invention is to achieve this: a system of clean energy seawater desalination coupled with a salt difference energy power generation device, including a power supply module, the system also includes a seawater desalination module and a salt difference energy power generation module, and the seawater desalination module includes reverse osmosis device, one end of the reverse osmosis device is connected with the ultrafilter, and the other end is connected with the fresh water recovery tank and the concentrated water storage tank; the concentrated water storage tank is connected with the salt difference energy power generation module through the third pump body; the salt difference energy
- the power generation module is mainly composed of a reverse electrodialysis device, a second pump body, a third pump body, a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve and an external load; the reverse electrodialysis device is provided with an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane Membranes, alternately arranged anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes form several concentrated water compartments and fresh water compartments.
- the preparation methods of the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane are as follows: respectively, uniformly coating two kinds of ionomer resin solutions on the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film, and waiting for the ionomer solution to slowly penetrate into the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film. In the micropores of tetrafluoroethylene, a small amount of ionomer solution is evenly coated on the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film, and the ionomer solution is slowly infiltrated into the micropores of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, repeating several times.
- the micropores of polytetrafluoroethylene are filled with the ionomer solution, and then wait for the solvent to volatilize; after the solvent is volatilized, vacuum constant temperature heat treatment is performed first, and after the heat treatment, the membrane is subjected to hot pressing treatment.
- the concentration of the ionomer resin solution is 10-20%; after the solvent is volatilized, vacuum constant temperature heat treatment is first performed, the heat treatment temperature is 80-100 DEG C, and the heat treatment time is 8-20h; Carry out hot pressing treatment, the hot pressing temperature is 90-120 °C, on the one hand, it promotes the effective compounding of ionomer and PTFE, and on the other hand, the thickness of the film is controlled between 100-120 ⁇ m;
- the solvent is a polar aprotonated solvent, specifically one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or N,N-dimethylacetamide.
- the power source of the power supply module is one or more of wind power, photovoltaic and other renewable energy sources.
- an energy storage device is provided to ensure stable power supply, and the energy storage device is one or more of lithium batteries, nano batteries and the like.
- the method for desalination and power generation using this system includes the following steps:
- S1 Power supply by the power module: obtain power through one or more of the wind power generation system 1, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 or other renewable energy sources, and the obtained power is adjusted by the wind-solar hybrid controller 3, and the power part passes through the second DC/AC
- the converter 7 supplies power to the seawater desalination module after adjustment; part of the power is stored by the energy storage device 5, and is regulated by the first DC/AC converter 6 to supply power to the seawater desalination module;
- S21 Primary filtration: extract seawater, pass part of the seawater after precipitation, pH adjustment, sterilization, softening, etc. into the ultrafilter to further filter out the suspended solids in the seawater, and then filter the ultrafiltered seawater into the reverse osmosis device;
- S22 reverse osmosis treatment: the seawater after ultrafiltration is passed into the reverse osmosis device and is pressurized by the first high-pressure pump to promote the desalination of seawater to obtain fresh water and concentrated seawater. into the concentrated water storage tank;
- Salt difference energy power generation The obtained fresh water and concentrated seawater enter the salinity difference energy power generation module, using the different concentrations of seawater on both sides of the anion and cation membranes, resulting in the directional migration of anions and cations to generate potential difference power generation.
- a concentration sensor is installed at the concentrated water outlet of the reverse electrodialysis device in the salt difference energy power generation module to detect the concentration of concentrated seawater at the outlet.
- concentration of concentrated seawater is at a high level, adjust the three-way valve to It is recycled to the concentrated water inlet for reuse; when the concentration of concentrated seawater is low, the three-way valve is adjusted to discharge it directly into the sea; the seawater at the freshwater outlet of the reverse electrodialysis unit can be directly discharged into the sea.
- the present invention utilizes stable clean energy to carry out reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination, and simultaneously through reverse electrodialysis salt difference energy generation to absorb the high salinity by-products produced by seawater desalination, improve the efficiency of the entire seawater desalination process.
- Environmentally friendly the present invention utilizes stable clean energy to carry out reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination, and simultaneously through reverse electrodialysis salt difference energy generation to absorb the high salinity by-products produced by seawater desalination, improve the efficiency of the entire seawater desalination process.
- the reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination adopted in the present invention is the most energy-saving compared to other seawater desalination methods, and compared with the most mature multi-stage flash evaporation (total energy consumption is about 10-16kWh/m3)
- the total energy consumption of the membrane process (about 3-4kWh/m3) is about 1/4 to 1/3.
- the present invention utilizes the salinity difference energy to generate electricity while consuming high-salinity by-products of seawater desalination, and can also generate stable electrical energy to feed seawater desalination, and the composite enhanced ion exchange membrane used can improve the output power of the entire device, While improving environmental protection, it also improves the economic benefits of the entire process.
- the present invention utilizes a seawater desalination module for wastewater treatment, and realizes two purposes of a set of devices, which can be adjusted according to different operating conditions.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a clean energy seawater desalination coupled salt difference energy power generation device and system of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the coupled salt difference energy power generation device and system for wastewater treatment according to the present invention.
- Wind power generation system 2. Photovoltaic power generation system, 3. Wind-solar hybrid controller, 4. DC/AC converter, 5. Energy storage device, 6. First DC/AC converter, 7. Second DC/AC converter, 8, ultrafilter, 9, first high pressure pump, 10, reverse osmosis unit, 11, fresh water outlet of reverse osmosis unit, 12, concentrated water outlet of reverse osmosis unit, 13, fresh water recovery tank, 14, Concentrated water storage tank, 15, first variable frequency pump, 16, second variable frequency pump, 17, first three-way valve, 18, second three-way valve, 19, concentration sensor, 20, concentrated water inlet, 21, fresh water inlet , 22, cathode plate, 23, cation exchange membrane, 24, anode plate, 25, anion exchange membrane, 26, fresh water chamber, 27, concentrated water chamber, 28, concentrated water outlet, 29, fresh water outlet, 30, external load, 31. Filtering device.
- Example 1 Taking seawater desalination as an example to carry out a specific embodiment to illustrate the present invention.
- the whole system is divided into three modules, namely power supply system module, seawater desalination module and salt difference energy power generation module.
- the power supply system module mainly supplies energy for the seawater desalination system, which is mainly composed of a wind power generation system 1, a photovoltaic power generation system 2, an energy storage device 5, a DC/AC converter 4, a first DC/AC converter 6 and a wind-solar hybrid control. 3 components.
- the photovoltaic power generation system 2 in the present invention generates direct current. Therefore, a DC/AC converter 4 is added to its output end, and the specific ratio is controlled by the wind-solar complementary controller 3; In order to ensure the stability of power supply, an energy storage device 5 is added for peak regulation. When the wind and solar power generation is excessive, the energy storage device can be charged, and when the power generation is insufficient, the energy storage device is used for external power supply.
- the energy storage device can be one or more of lithium batteries, nano batteries, etc. in the electrochemical energy storage device, and its capacity is determined according to the scale of the desalination plant.
- the seawater desalination module in the present invention mainly consists of an ultrafilter 8, a first high pressure pump 9, a reverse osmosis device 10, a fresh water outlet 11 of the reverse osmosis device, a concentrated water outlet 12 of the reverse osmosis device, a fresh water recovery tank 13 and a concentrated water storage tank 14 etc. composition.
- One end of the reverse osmosis device 10 is connected to the ultrafilter 8 , and the other end is connected to the fresh water recovery tank 13 and the concentrated water storage tank 14 respectively;
- the salt difference energy power generation module is mainly composed of a reverse electrodialysis device, a first variable frequency pump 15, a second variable frequency pump 16, a first three-way valve 17, a second three-way valve 18 and an external load 30, etc.; among which reverse electrodialysis
- the device consists of a membrane group composed of anion exchange membrane 25 and cation exchange membrane 23, cathode plate 22, anode plate 24, concentrated water inlet 20, concentrated water outlet 28, fresh water inlet 21, fresh water outlet 29, concentrated water chamber 27, and fresh water chamber 26 , concentrated water flow channel, fresh water flow channel, concentration sensor 19 and so on.
- the anion exchange membrane 23 and the cation exchange membrane 25 are arranged in the reverse electrodialysis device, and the alternately arranged anion exchange membranes 23 and cation exchange membranes 25 form several concentrated water chambers 27 and fresh water chambers 26 .
- the concentrated seawater flows into the concentrated water channel 27 through the concentrated water inlet 20 through the second variable frequency pump 16, and the filtered seawater is driven by the first variable frequency pump 15 to flow into the fresh water channel 26 through the fresh water inlet 21 and enters the fresh water chamber 26. Due to the difference in salt concentration on both sides of the membrane, ions will migrate through the exchange membrane, resulting in a potential difference, which is output to the load 30 through the cathode plate 22 and anode plate 24; The size of the desalination plant is determined.
- I is the current
- R load is the external resistance
- U is the potential energy difference
- R stack is the membrane stack resistance
- U is mainly related to the concentration difference of the salt solution on both sides of the membrane. It can be seen from the formula that reducing the resistance of the membrane stack can improve the output power of the reverse electrodialysis device.
- the ohmic resistance of the reverse electrodialysis device is composed of membrane resistance, concentrated/light chamber (HC/LC) solution resistance and electrode resistance. If the non-ohmic resistance is ignored, the calculation formula of the membrane stack resistance is as follows:
- N is the logarithm of the membrane
- A is the membrane electrode
- R AEM and R CEM are the anion and cation exchange membrane resistances, respectively
- d HC , d LC are the thickness of the thick and thin chambers , respectively
- chamber conductivity R el is the resistance generated by the electrode reaction, which can be ignored when the number of membrane pairs is large enough.
- the preparation method of the anion exchange membrane 25 and the cation exchange membrane 23 in the present invention is to uniformly coat the two kinds of ionomer resin solutions on the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film respectively, and wait for the ionomer solution to slowly penetrate into the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film.
- a small amount of ionomer solution is evenly coated on the expanded PTFE film, and the ionomer solution slowly penetrates into the micropores of expanded PTFE for several times.
- the concentration of the ionomer resin solution is 10% to 20%
- the selected polar aprotonated solvent is DMF
- NMP and DMAc after the solvent volatilizes, first perform vacuum constant temperature heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature is 80-100 °C, the heat treatment time is 8-20h, the preferred heat treatment temperature is 91 °C, the heat treatment time is 13h.
- the ionomer resin used to prepare the cation exchange membrane is sulfonated polyether ether ketone or sulfonated polyimide resin; the ionomer resin used to prepare the anion exchange membrane is quaternized polyarylene Resins such as ethers or polyarylpiperidines.
- the film is subjected to hot pressing treatment, and the hot pressing temperature is 90-120°C, preferably 105°C; on the one hand, it promotes the effective compounding of the ionomer and PTFE, and on the other hand, the thickness of the film is controlled at 100-100°C. Between 120 ⁇ m, under the condition that the membrane has a considerable ion exchange capacity, the thickness of the membrane can be reduced, thereby reducing its resistance; by compounding with the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene skeleton, the expansion of the membrane can be suppressed and the selective permeation of the membrane can be improved.
- the hot pressing temperature is 90-120°C, preferably 105°C; on the one hand, it promotes the effective compounding of the ionomer and PTFE, and on the other hand, the thickness of the film is controlled at 100-100°C. Between 120 ⁇ m, under the condition that the membrane has a considerable ion exchange capacity, the thickness of the membrane can be reduced, thereby reducing its resistance; by
- the power density of the reverse osmosis device is improved; the artificially prepared sodium chloride solution is used as the test: the concentration of the concentrated water is 3-6mol/L, the concentration of the dilute solution is 0.3-0.6mol/L, and the area of the membrane is 30 ⁇ 30cm 2 -60 ⁇ 60cm 2 , resulting in a power density of about 2-6W/cm 2 .
- the fresh water outlet 29 of the reverse electrodialysis device has a low concentration of fresh water and can be directly discharged into the ocean; the concentrated water outlet 28 flows back to the concentrated water inlet 20; by adjusting the concentrated water outlet of the reverse osmosis device and reverse electrodialysis
- the flow control valve on the concentrated water inlet pipeline of the device is used to control the concentration of the concentrated water that passes into the reverse electrodialysis device. It is monitored by the concentration sensor 19 and discharged into the ocean when the concentration at the concentrated water outlet of the reverse electrodialysis device is low. middle. In this way, it can be ensured that the concentrated water and seawater used for generating electricity in the reverse electrodialysis device always have a relatively large concentration difference, which is beneficial to make the entire reverse electrodialysis device have a higher power density.
- the method for desalination and power generation using this system mainly includes the following steps:
- S1 Power supply by the power module: obtain power through one or more of the wind power generation system 1, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 or other renewable energy sources, and the obtained power is adjusted by the wind-solar hybrid controller 3, and the power part passes through the second DC/AC
- the converter 7 supplies power to the seawater desalination module after adjustment; part of the power is stored by the energy storage device 5, and is regulated by the first DC/AC converter 6 to supply power to the seawater desalination module;
- S21 Primary filtration: extract seawater, pass part of the seawater after precipitation, pH adjustment, sterilization, softening, etc. into the ultrafilter 8 to further filter out the suspended solids in the seawater, and then filter the ultrafiltered
- the seawater is fed into the reverse osmosis device; in this step, the seawater removes suspended particles or substances such as algae and microorganisms in the seawater through sand filtration, flocculation sedimentation, sterilization, filtration, ultrafiltration, etc. Small pollution and blockage probability of membrane during reverse osmosis and electrodialysis, thus prolonging its service life;
- S22 reverse osmosis treatment: the seawater part after the ultrafiltration is passed into the reverse osmosis device 10 and is pressurized by the first high-pressure pump 9 to promote the desalination of seawater, obtain fresh water and concentrated seawater, and in the fresh water recovery tank where the fresh water is introduced, the obtained The concentrated seawater is passed into the concentrated water storage tank;
- S3 Saline difference energy power generation: The obtained fresh water and concentrated seawater enter the salinity difference energy power generation module, using the different concentrations of seawater on both sides of the anion and cation membranes, resulting in the directional migration of anions and cations to generate potential difference power generation.
- Example 2 Taking wastewater as an example to carry out a specific embodiment to illustrate the present invention.
- This solution is not only applicable to desalination of sea water, but also to scenarios such as waste water treatment.
- the waste water is inorganic industrial waste water or domestic sewage
- the concentrated water passed into the reverse electrodialysis device is waste water that passes through the filter device 31 and the reverse
- the concentrated water obtained by the osmosis device, and the fresh water passed into the reverse electrodialysis device is one or more kinds of rainwater or river water that have been pretreated by filtration or the like.
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un système et un procédé pour un dispositif de dessalement de l'eau de mer à énergie propre et de production d'énergie à gradient de salinité. Le système de la présente invention est principalement composé d'un module d'alimentation électrique, d'un module de dessalement d'eau de mer et d'un module de production d'énergie à gradient de salinité ; le dessalement d'eau de mer est réalisé en utilisant la technologie de l'osmose inverse et l'énergie est produite en utilisant l'énergie à gradient de salinité. Dans la présente invention, une énergie stable et propre est utilisée pour effectuer le dessalement d'eau de mer au moyen de l'osmose inverse, et parallèlement, les sous-produits à haute salinité produits par le dessalement d'eau de mer sont consommés par la production d'énergie à gradient de salinité par électrodialyse inverse, ce qui renforce le caractère écologique, réduit la consommation d'énergie et les émissions de carbone pendant tout le processus de dessalement d'eau, et permet de réaliser des économies dans le traitement de l'eau de mer.
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CN202011605331.XA CN112723640A (zh) | 2020-12-28 | 2020-12-28 | 清洁能源海水淡化耦合盐差能发电装置的系统及方法 |
CN202023234022.4U CN214400132U (zh) | 2020-12-28 | 2020-12-28 | 一种清洁能源海水淡化耦合盐差能发电装置的系统 |
CN202023234022.4 | 2020-12-28 |
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CN115920635A (zh) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-04-07 | 寿光北控水务有限公司 | 一种具有段内能回和回流功能的多段半透膜装置和方法 |
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CN112723640A (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | 清洁能源海水淡化耦合盐差能发电装置的系统及方法 |
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US20130087501A1 (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-04-11 | General Electric Compay | Seawater desalination process |
KR20190061332A (ko) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-06-05 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 탈염발전 하이브리드 장치 및 방법 |
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CN115920635A (zh) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-04-07 | 寿光北控水务有限公司 | 一种具有段内能回和回流功能的多段半透膜装置和方法 |
CN115920635B (zh) * | 2023-01-05 | 2024-02-20 | 寿光北控水务有限公司 | 一种具有段内能回和回流功能的多段半透膜装置和方法 |
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