WO2022141808A1 - 一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2022141808A1
WO2022141808A1 PCT/CN2021/080976 CN2021080976W WO2022141808A1 WO 2022141808 A1 WO2022141808 A1 WO 2022141808A1 CN 2021080976 W CN2021080976 W CN 2021080976W WO 2022141808 A1 WO2022141808 A1 WO 2022141808A1
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dimensional code
reading
transparent material
processing
shielding layer
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PCT/CN2021/080976
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English (en)
French (fr)
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曹思洋
程伟
陈航
库东峰
王雪辉
王建刚
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武汉华工激光工程有限责任公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • G06K7/10712—Fixed beam scanning
    • G06K7/10722—Photodetector array or CCD scanning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/007—Marks, e.g. trade marks

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of ultrafast laser internal engraving of transparent materials, and particularly relates to a method and a system for processing and reading two-dimensional codes inside transparent materials.
  • two-dimensional barcodes can express more information and data types, and have the advantages of wide coding range, strong fault tolerance, and high decoding reliability, so they are widely used. Applied in modern production and life. Especially with the rapid development of the Internet, two-dimensional codes have been fully applied as a link between online and offline, which has brought great convenience to people's lives.
  • the two-dimensional code assignment technology uses inkjet printing, but the two-dimensional code generated by this method has a limited storage time, and the two-dimensional code will be invalid due to the influence of the environment, which is not conducive to long-term storage.
  • the method of using laser marking to achieve coding is more and more favored by the market.
  • the size of the QR code obtained in this way is relatively large, and there are disadvantages of poor concealment and low anti-counterfeiting degree.
  • ultrafast laser Due to its ultra-high peak power, ultrafast laser can generate nonlinear interaction with transparent materials at the focus, and has the characteristics of selective processing. Therefore, it can be applied to the interior of transparent materials, and the formed modified area has good hiding properties. sex. Moreover, due to the multi-photon threshold effect of the ultrafast laser acting on the transparent medium and the Gaussian property of the laser beam, the size of the processed structure can break through the diffraction limit, so that high-precision engraving can be carried out, and the effect of QR code coding with small size can be realized. On December 31, 2019, a Chinese patent with publication number CN110626086A discloses a method for engraving a miniature two-dimensional code in a glass laser.
  • the obtained two-dimensional code can be enlarged by a microscope to obtain a complete and clear pattern.
  • this method does not provide a complete QR code reading method, and this method is aimed at the situation where the upper and lower sides of the transparent glass are not shielded, but in practical applications, many transparent materials that need to be coded are shielded Therefore, it is necessary to develop a complete set of code reading technology that is close to practical engineering applications.
  • the present invention provides a method and system for processing and reading a two-dimensional code inside a transparent material. It is helpful for the engineering application of QR code assignment and code reading.
  • a method for processing and reading a two-dimensional code inside a transparent material includes:
  • Two-dimensional code processing focus the ultrafast laser pulse to a predetermined position inside the transparent material, control the laser pulse to process point by point from the starting point at the set repetition frequency and power according to the processing track, and process each point for a set duration Then jump to the next point until the processing of all points in the entire two-dimensional code area is realized, and a single processing cycle is completed;
  • Two-dimensional code reading The two-dimensional code area is illuminated from obliquely upward and downward through the illumination light source, and the mirror reflection or diffuse reflection of the light by the shielding layer at the bottom of the transparent material is used to obtain the target image through the CCD vision system and realize the two-dimensional code through the distinction of contrast. code reading.
  • the ultrafast laser is a picosecond or femtosecond laser.
  • the shielding layer may be materials such as ink, plastic, metal, etc., which is not limited in the present invention, and depends on the situation.
  • the laser pulse can be controlled to jump to the starting point again, and multiple processing can be realized according to the previous set cycle.
  • the number of times of processing can be one or more times, which is not limited in the present invention, and depends on the specific situation.
  • the two-dimensional code processing method further includes: the predetermined position is 0.1-1mm below the surface of the transparent material; the set repetition frequency range is 310-2000kHz; the set power range is 0.2-1.9W ; The set duration range is 0.02-0.5ms.
  • the method for reading the two-dimensional code further includes: for the case where the bottom of the transparent material has a shielding layer and the surface of the shielding layer is smooth, the illumination light source is incident from obliquely upward and downward, and the reflected light of the shielding layer at the bottom passes through The refraction of the two-dimensional code area enters the CCD vision system arranged directly above, and the reading of the two-dimensional code is realized by distinguishing the contrast.
  • the method for reading the two-dimensional code further includes: for the case where the transparent material has a shielding layer at the bottom and the surface of the shielding layer is rough, using an illumination light source to irradiate the area from the oblique upper part of the two-dimensional code area, the light After passing through the QR code area, a shadow area will be formed on the bottom shielding layer, and a CCD vision system is set above the shadow area to scan the shadow area, and the QR code can be read by distinguishing the contrast.
  • the reason for this setting is that the rough surface shielding layer can only produce diffuse reflection of light, and there is not enough light to enter the CCD vision system through the QR code area. Therefore, the contrast of the collected image is extremely low and reading cannot be achieved.
  • the code reading method is code point light transmission, and no light enters the CCD in other areas. Therefore, the background of the collected image is black, and the code points are bright spots, which is easy to obtain greater contrast.
  • the code reading method is that the CCD collects the light that passes through the code point and the light that does not pass through the code point. To obtain a certain contrast, the absorption rate of the light in the laser active area and the non-active area are required. There is a certain difference in the absorption rate, otherwise there will be a problem that the contrast of the captured image is low and cannot be read.
  • the ultrafast laser acts on the material, plasma will be generated, and the plasma will form a shielding effect on the subsequent laser, resulting in the phenomenon that the laser action area develops from the focus to the direction of the laser source.
  • the laser action area gradually expands , when the peak power density of the laser drops enough to ionize the material to generate plasma, the laser action area will fall back to the focal point again, resulting in an inverted water droplet-like structure with a narrow bottom and a wide top.
  • a system for processing and reading a two-dimensional code inside a transparent material one side of the transparent material has a shielding layer
  • the system includes a processing device and a reading device;
  • the processing device includes an ultrafast laser, a beam expander collimator, a light guide mirror, a focusing mirror, a sample stage and an industrial computer, and the laser beam emitted by the ultrafast laser is incident on the focusing mirror through the beam expander collimator and the light guide mirror.
  • the focusing mirror is focused on the inside of the transparent material on the sample stage, and the industrial computer is respectively connected with the ultrafast laser and the sample stage and controls them to work
  • the reading device includes an illumination light source and a CCD vision system.
  • the repetition frequency range of the ultrafast laser is 310-2000kHz
  • the power range is 0.2-1.9W
  • the single-point action time range is 0.02-0.5ms.
  • the illumination light source is incident from obliquely upward and downward, and the reflected light of the shielding layer at the bottom is refracted by the two-dimensional code area and is arranged directly above.
  • the CCD vision system obtains the target image and realizes the reading of the two-dimensional code by distinguishing the contrast.
  • the illumination light source irradiates the area obliquely above the area of the two-dimensional code, and the light passes through the area of the two-dimensional code and will be on the shielding layer at the bottom A shadow area is formed, and a CCD vision system is set above the shadow area to scan the shadow part.
  • the CCD vision system obtains the target image and realizes the reading of the two-dimensional code by distinguishing the contrast.
  • the laser can only modify the material without producing an obvious laser action area, so the two-dimensional code obtained by code processing has a certain concealment.
  • the code reading technology proposed by the present invention for a transparent material with a shielding layer on one side is a reflective type, which utilizes the specular reflection or diffuse reflection effect of the shielding layer on light to realize code reading. Compared with the existing transmission type reading technology Code technology is closer to practical engineering applications.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser action area obtained by different processing methods according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional code area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional code reading device under the condition that the surface of the shielding layer is smooth according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional code reading device under the condition that the surface of the shielding layer is rough according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements relation.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements relation.
  • a first feature "on” or “under” a second feature may include the first and second features in direct contact, or may include the first and second features Not directly but through additional features between them.
  • the first feature being “above”, “over” and “above” the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature is “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • a method for processing and reading a two-dimensional code inside a transparent material provided by the present invention is realized by a system comprising a processing device and a reading device, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
  • the sample 5 is placed on the sample stage 6.
  • the laser beam emitted by the ultrafast laser 1 passes through the beam expander 2 and the light guide mirror 3, and is finally focused on the interior of the sample 5 by the focusing mirror 4.
  • the industrial computer 7 The ultrafast laser 1 and the sample stage 6 are controlled by electrical signals to make them work together.
  • the laser In order to prevent the laser from forming an obvious active area inside the transparent material, and to ensure that the laser deposits enough energy in the material so that the area has a high absorption rate for light, the laser should use a lower power to modify the material. If the single-pulse energy is too large, the nonlinear effect between the laser and the material is relatively strong, and a large amount of plasma will be generated in a short time and rapidly develop along the optical axis to the light source, so a tail-like region will be formed in the lower part of the laser action area (Fig. 2(a)), which is not conducive to the deposition of laser energy.
  • the laser power should be in the range of 0.2-1.9W, and the laser repetition frequency should be in the range of 310-2000kHz.
  • the laser focuses on a certain point inside the transparent material and interacts with it to generate a code point 9 of the two-dimensional code. Also, in order to ensure that the laser does not produce obvious action traces in the material, preferably, the duration of the action of a single point of the laser should be 0.02-0.5 within the ms range.
  • the laser jumps to the next point along the predetermined path to continue processing until a complete two-dimensional code area 8 is realized, as shown in Figure 3, completing a processing cycle. According to actual needs, the laser can also jump back to the starting point for multiple processing, which is not limited in the present invention, and depends on the specific situation.
  • the surface of the shielding layer 10 on the bottom surface of the sample 5 is smooth and has specular reflection.
  • the illumination light source 11 is incident from obliquely upward and downward, and the reflected light passes through the two-dimensional code area 8 and is finally collected by the CCD vision system 13 directly above. Through contrast analysis, the two-dimensional code can be accurately read.
  • the surface of the shielding layer 10 on the bottom surface of the sample 5 is rough and shows diffuse reflection.
  • the illumination light source 11 to illuminate the two-dimensional code area 8 from obliquely above will generate a shadow area 12 on the bottom shielding layer 10, and the CCD vision system 13 is used to collect and contrast the shadow area 12, and finally realize the accurate detection of the two-dimensional code. read.
  • an ultraviolet picosecond laser is used to code the glass with a smooth ink layer on the bottom, the power is 0.2W, the repetition frequency is 1MHz, the laser action time is 0.06ms, and the processing times are 1 time.
  • the length of the laser action area is 24.25 ⁇ m, the width of the laser action area is 5.45 ⁇ m, and the aspect ratio is 4.45.
  • an ultraviolet picosecond laser is used to code the glass with a rough ink layer on the bottom, the power is 0.6W, the repetition frequency is 1MHz, the laser action time is 0.1ms, and the processing times are 3 times.
  • the length of the laser active area is 54.84 ⁇ m, the width of the laser active area is 10.33 ⁇ m, and the aspect ratio is 5.309.
  • the QR code area is illuminated by the side light source, and the shadow area is collected and analyzed by the CCD vision system to obtain a clear image and accurate reading.
  • an ultraviolet picosecond laser is used to code the glass with a rough plastic layer on the bottom, the power is 0.65W, the repetition frequency is 1MHz, the laser action time is 0.1ms, and the processing times are 2 times.
  • the length of the laser action area is 45.38 ⁇ m, the width of the laser action area is 10.19 ⁇ m, and the aspect ratio is 4.453.
  • the side light source is used to illuminate the QR code area, and the shadow area is collected and analyzed by the CCD vision system to obtain a clear image and accurate reading.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法，透明材料的单面具有遮蔽层，方法包括：将超快激光脉冲聚焦到透明材料内部的预定位置，控制激光脉冲以设定的重复频率和功率从起始点开始按照加工轨迹逐点进行加工，每个点加工设定的时长后跳转到下一个点，直至实现整个二维码区域所有点的加工，完成单次加工周期；通过照明光源从斜上方向下照射二维码区域，利用透明材料底部遮蔽层对光的镜面反射或漫反射，通过CCD视觉系统获取目标图像并通过对比度的区分实现二维码的读取。本发明还公开一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的系统。本发明可在单面存在遮蔽的透明材料内部制备二维码并实现精确读取，有助于二维码赋码读码的工程化应用。

Description

一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法及系统 技术领域
本发明属于超快激光透明材料内雕技术领域，具体涉及一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法及系统。
背景技术
二维码是近年来发展异常迅速的一种编码方式，相比于传统的条形码可以表达更多的信息和数据类型，而且具有编码范围广、容错能力强、译码可靠性高等优点，因而广泛应用于现代生产生活中。尤其是随着互联网的飞速发展，二维码作为线上线下的纽带得到了充分的应用，给人们的生活带来了巨大的便利。
目前，二维码赋码技术大都采用喷墨打印，但是这种方法所生成的二维码保存时间有限，而且会受到环境的影响而导致二维码失效，不利于长时间存储。近年来随着激光打标技术的成熟，由于其标刻区域具有永久性、不可擦除的优点，且对环境无污染，因而采用激光标刻来实现赋码的方式越来越受到市场的青睐。然而这种方式所得二维码尺寸较大，存在隐藏性差、防伪程度低的缺点。
超快激光由于其超高的峰值功率，可与透明材料在焦点处产生非线性相互作用，具有选择性加工的特点，因此可将其作用于透明材料内部，形成的改性区具备良好的隐藏性。而且由于超快激光作用于透明介质的多光子阈值效应和激光光束的高斯特性，加工的结构尺寸可突破衍射极限，从而可进行高精度的雕刻，实现微小尺寸的二维码赋码效果。公开号CN110626086A的中国专利于2019年12月31日公开了一种玻璃激光内雕微型二维码的方法，所得二维码通过显微镜的放大，可以获得完整清晰的图案。然而该方法并未给出完整的二维码读取方式，而且该方法针对的是透明玻璃上下两面均无遮蔽的情况，但在实际应用中，很多需要赋码的透明材料底面都是存在遮蔽的，因此开发一整套贴近实际工程应用的赋码读码技术是很有必要的。
发明内容
为克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法及系统，其方法可在单面存在遮蔽的透明材料内部制备二维码并实现精确读取，有助于二维码赋码读码的工程化应用。
根据本发明说明书的一方面，提供了一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法，所述透明材料的单面具有遮蔽层，所述方法包括：
二维码加工：将超快激光脉冲聚焦到透明材料内部的预定位置，控制激光脉冲以设定的重复频率和功率从起始点开始按照加工轨迹逐点进行加工，每个点加工设定的时长后跳转到下一个点，直至实现整个二维码区域所有点的加工，完成单次加工周期；
二维码读取：通过照明光源从斜上方向下照射二维码区域，利用透明材料底部遮蔽层对光的镜面反射或漫反射，通过CCD视觉系统获取目标图像并通过对比度的区分实现二维码的读取。
具体地，所述超快激光为皮秒或飞秒激光。
具体地，所述透明材料的单面存在遮蔽，遮蔽层可以是油墨、塑料、金属等材料，本发明对此不做限定，具体视情况而定。
进一步地，完成单次加工周期后，可控制激光脉冲再跳转到起始点，按照之前的设定循环实现多次加工。加工次数可以是一次或多次，本发明对此不做限定，具体视情况而定。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述二维码加工的方法进一步包括：预定位置为透明材料表面以下0.1-1mm处；设定的重复频率范围为310-2000kHz；设定的功率范围为0.2-1.9W；设定的时长范围为0.02-0.5ms。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述二维码读取的方法进一步包括：对于透明材料底部具有遮蔽层且遮蔽层表面光滑的情况，采用照明光源从斜上方向下入射，底部遮蔽层的反射光经过二维码区域的折射进入布置在正上方的CCD视觉系统，通过对比度的区分实现对二维码的读取。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述二维码读取的方法进一步包括：对于透明材料底部具有遮蔽层且遮蔽层表面粗糙的情况，采用照明光源从二维码区域的斜上方辐照该区域，光经过二维码区域会在底部遮蔽层上形成阴影区，在阴影区上方设置CCD视觉系统扫描阴影部分，通过对比度的区分实现对二维码的读取。这样设置的原因是：表面粗糙的遮蔽层对光只能产生漫反射，没有足够的光经过二维码区域进入CCD视觉系统，因此，采集的图像对比度极低，无法实现读取。
上述遮蔽层表面光滑的情况，其读码方式为码点透光，其他区域没有光进入CCD，因此采集图像的背景为黑色，码点为亮点，容易获得较大的对比度。而上述遮蔽层表面粗糙的情况，其读码方式为CCD采集透过码点与不透过码点的光，要获得一定的对比度，就需要激光作用区域对光的吸收率与未作用区域的吸收率存在一定的差别，否则会存在采集图像对比度低，无法读取的问题。
激光聚焦于透明材料内部，会因为非线性效应在焦点处沉积能量，随着沉积能量的增加，焦点处的材料会逐渐升温，发生改性、融化、烧蚀等现象。由于隐藏性和美观的需求，激光在透明材料内不可出现烧蚀点和明显的熔融区，因此激光与透明材料的相互作用只能停留在改性阶段。由于激光的作用，改性区域会发生折射率、吸收率等物理参数的变化，因此当光辐照该区域时，激光作用区和周边区域透过的光强就产生了差别。为了尽可能地增大这种差别，提高二维码的可读性，就需要在不产生明显激光作用区的条件下尽可能多的沉积激光能量，获得较大程度的改性。
由于超快激光作用于材料会产生等离子体，等离子体会对后续激光形成屏蔽效应，从而造成激光作用区从焦点处向激光源方向发展的现象，同时由于热累积与热扩散，激光作用区域逐渐展宽，当激光的峰值功率密度下降到不足以电离材料产生等离子体时，激光的作用区会再次回落到焦点处，最终产生了一个下窄上宽的倒水滴状结构。非线性效应越强，产生的等离子体浓度越大，激光作用点向激光源方向发展的速度就越快，就会在激光作用区的下端形成一个尾部，这样的情况不利于激光在材料内充分沉积。因此需要采用低单脉冲能量的激光作用于透明材料，由于峰值功率的降低，可以有效减弱激光与透明材料的非线性相互作用，从而避免激光作用点的过快上升，得以充分在材料内沉积能量，得到对光吸收系数较高的激光作用区。另外，高重复频率和多次加工也可以在不增加非线性效应的基础上进一步加强激光能量的沉积，均有益于增加激光作用区对光的吸收率，提升对二维码的有效读取。
根据本发明说明书的一方面，提供了一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的系统，所述透明材料的单面具有遮蔽层，所述系统包括加工装置和读取装置；所述加工装置包括超快激光器、扩束准直镜、导光镜、聚焦镜、样品台和工控机，所述超快激光器发出的激光束经由扩束准直镜、导光镜入射到聚焦镜上，然后由聚焦镜聚焦于样品台上的透明材料内部，所述工控机分别与超快激光器和样品台相连并控制二者工作；所述读取装置包括照明光源和CCD视觉系统。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述超快激光器的重复频率范围为310-2000kHz，功率范围为0.2-1.9W，单点作用时间范围为0.02-0.5ms。
作为进一步的技术方案，对于透明材料底部具有遮蔽层且遮蔽层表面光滑的情况，所述照明光源从斜上方向下入射，底部遮蔽层的反射光经过二维码区域的折射进入布置在正上方的CCD视觉系统，CCD视觉系统获取目标图像并通过对比度的区分实现对二维码的读取。
作为进一步的技术方案，对于透明材料底部具有遮蔽层且遮蔽层表面粗糙的情况，所述照明光源从二维码区域的斜上方辐照该区域，光经过二维码区域会在底部遮蔽层上形成阴影区，在阴影区上方设置CCD视觉系统扫描阴影部分，CCD视觉系统获取目标图像并通过对比度的区分实现对二维码的读取。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明通过控制超快激光的参数，可使激光仅对材料产生改性作用，不会产生明显的激光作用区，因此赋码加工所得二维码具有一定的隐藏性。
(2)本发明针对单面具有遮蔽层的透明材料所提出的读码技术为反射式，利用遮蔽层对光的镜面反射或漫反射效应来实现读码，相较于现有的透射式读码技术更贴近实际工程应用。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明实施例的加工装置的示意图。
图2为根据本发明实施例的不同加工工艺方法所得激光作用区的示意图。
图3为根据本发明实施例的二维码区域示意图。
图4为根据本发明实施例的遮蔽层表面光滑情况下的二维码读取装置示意图。
图5为根据本发明实施例的遮蔽层表面粗糙情况下的二维码读取装置示意图。
图中：1、超快激光器；2、扩束准直镜；3、导光镜；4、聚焦镜；5、样品；6、样品台；7、工控机；8、二维码区域；9、码点；10、遮蔽层；11、照明光源；12、阴影区；13、CCD视觉系统。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图对本发明各实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述发实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明所保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以相互通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下” 可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
本发明所提供的一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法，采用包括加工装置和读取装置的系统实现，具体实施步骤如下：
首先，如图1，将样品5置于样品台6上，超快激光器1发出的激光束经过扩束镜2和导光镜3，最终被聚焦镜4聚焦于样品5的内部，工控机7通过电信号控制超快激光器1和样品台6，使之协同工作。
为了使激光不会在透明材料内部形成明显的作用区，同时为了保证激光在材料内沉积足够能量而使该区域对光具有较大吸收率，激光应采用较低的功率对材料实施改性。若单脉冲能量过大，激光与材料的非线性效应较为强烈，会在短时间内产生大量的等离子体并快速沿光轴向光源处发展，因此会在激光作用区下部形成尾状区域(图2(a))，此情况不利于激光能量的沉积。在此条件下增加激光重复频率，一方面减小了单脉冲能量，弱化了非线性效应，另一方面增加了单位时间里的脉冲数，增加了热累积。因此激光作用区的尾状区域逐渐缩短至消失，上部水滴状结构也逐渐向椭圆形转变且宽度增加(图2(b)-(c))，整个激光作用区的长宽比逐渐减小，表明激光沉积的能量逐渐增加。对此优选的，激光功率应在0.2-1.9W范围内，激光重复频率应在310-2000kHz范围内。
激光聚焦于透明材料内部某一点与之产生相互作用，生成二维码的一个码点9，同样为了保证激光不在材料内产生明显作用痕迹，优选的，激光单点作用持续时间应在0.02-0.5ms范围内。加工完毕后，激光沿着预定的路径跳转到下一个点继续加工，直至实现完整的二维码区域8，如图3，完成一个加工周期。根据实际需求，激光还可以再次跳转回起始点进行多次加工，本发明对此不做限定，具体视情况而定。
读取二维码时分两种情况：
第一种情况，如图4，样品5的底面遮蔽层10表面光滑，呈镜面反射。利用照明光源11从斜上方向下入射，反射光经过二维码区域8最终被正上方的CCD视觉系统13所采集，通过对比度分析，即可实现对二维码的精确读取。
第二种情况，如图5，样品5的底面遮蔽层10表面粗糙，呈漫反射。利用照明光源11从斜上方照射二维码区域8，会在底部遮蔽层10上产生阴影区12，采用CCD视觉系统13对该阴影区12进行采集和对比度分析，最终实现对二维码的精确读取。
实施例1
本实施例采用紫外皮秒激光对底部涂有光滑油墨层的玻璃进行赋码，功率0.2W，重复频率1MHz，激光作用时间0.06ms，加工次数1次。可得激光作用区长度24.25μm，激光作用区宽度5.45μm，长宽比为4.45。在侧边光源的反射光照射下，经过CCD视觉系统可得到清晰的图像，得到了精确读取。
实施例2
本实施例采用紫外皮秒激光对底部涂有粗糙油墨层的玻璃进行赋码，功率0.6W，重复频率1MHz，激光作用时间0.1ms，加工次数3次。可得激光作用区长度54.84μm，激光作用区宽度10.33μm，长宽比为5.309。采用侧边光源照射二维码区域，经过CCD视觉系统采集分析阴影区可得到清晰的图像，得到了精确读取。
实施例3
本实施例采用紫外皮秒激光对底部涂有粗糙塑料层的玻璃进行赋码，功率0.65W，重复频率1MHz，激光作用时间0.1ms，加工次数2次。可得激光作用区长度45.38μm，激光作用区宽度10.19μm，长宽比为4.453。采用侧边光源照射二维码区域，经过CCD视觉系统采集分析阴影区可得到清晰的图像，得到了精确读取。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施方式”、“某些实施方式”、“示意性实施方式”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合所述实施方式或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施方式或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施方式或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施方式或示例中以合适的方式结合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法，其特征在于，所述透明材料的单面具有遮蔽层，所述方法包括：
    二维码加工：将超快激光脉冲聚焦到透明材料内部的预定位置，控制激光脉冲以设定的重复频率和功率从起始点开始按照加工轨迹逐点进行加工，每个点加工设定的时长后跳转到下一个点，直至实现整个二维码区域所有点的加工，完成单次加工周期；
    二维码读取：通过照明光源从斜上方向下照射二维码区域，利用透明材料底部遮蔽层对光的镜面反射或漫反射，通过CCD视觉系统获取目标图像并通过对比度的区分实现二维码的读取。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法，其特征在于，所述二维码加工的方法进一步包括：预定位置为透明材料表面以下0.1-1mm处；设定的重复频率范围为310-2000kHz；设定的功率范围为0.2-1.9W；设定的时长范围为0.02-0.5ms。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法，其特征在于，所述二维码读取的方法进一步包括：对于透明材料底部具有遮蔽层且遮蔽层表面光滑的情况，采用照明光源从斜上方向下入射，底部遮蔽层的反射光经过二维码区域的折射进入布置在正上方的CCD视觉系统，通过对比度的区分实现对二维码的读取。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法，其特征在于，所述二维码读取的方法进一步包括：对于透明材料底部具有遮蔽层且遮蔽层表面粗糙的情况，采用照明光源从二维码区域的斜上方辐照该区域，光经过二维码区域会在底部遮蔽层上形成阴影区，在阴影区上方设置CCD视觉系统扫描阴影部分，通过对比度的区分实现对二维码的读取。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的方法，其特征在于，所述二维码加工方法中，加工次数为一次或多次。
  6. 一种在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的系统，其特征在于，所述透明材料的单面具有遮蔽层，所述系统包括加工装置和读取装置；所述加工装置包括超快激光器、扩束准直镜、导光镜、聚焦镜、样品台和工控机，所述超快激光器发出的激光束经由扩束准直镜、导光镜入射到聚焦镜上，然后由聚焦镜聚焦于样品台上的透明材料内部，所述工控机分别与超快激光器和样品台相连并控制二者工作；所述读取装置包括照明光源和CCD视觉系统。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的系统，其特征在于，所述超快激光器的重复频率范围为310-2000kHz，功率范围为0.2-1.9W，单点作用时间范围为0.02-0.5ms。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的系统，其特征在于，对于透明材料底部具有遮蔽层且遮蔽层表面光滑的情况，所述照明光源从斜上方向下入射，底部遮蔽层的反射光经过二维码区域的折射进入布置在正上方的CCD视觉系统，CCD视觉系统获取目标图像并通过对比度的区分实现对二维码的读取。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的在透明材料内部加工和读取二维码的系统，其特征在于，对于透明材料底部具有遮蔽层且遮蔽层表面粗糙的情况，所述照明光源从二维码区域的斜上方辐照该区域，光经过二维码区域会在底部遮蔽层上形成阴影区，在阴影区上方设置CCD视觉系统扫描阴影部分，CCD视觉系统获取目标图像并通过对比度的区分实现对二维码的读取。
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