WO2022141014A1 - 一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法 - Google Patents

一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法 Download PDF

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WO2022141014A1
WO2022141014A1 PCT/CN2020/140586 CN2020140586W WO2022141014A1 WO 2022141014 A1 WO2022141014 A1 WO 2022141014A1 CN 2020140586 W CN2020140586 W CN 2020140586W WO 2022141014 A1 WO2022141014 A1 WO 2022141014A1
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data
ciphertext
user
target user
extended
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张鹏
赵威
孙小强
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60Protecting data
    • G06F21/602Providing cryptographic facilities or services
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/008Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols involving homomorphic encryption
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/76Proxy, i.e. using intermediary entity to perform cryptographic operations

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  • the present application relates to the technical field of computer network applications, and in particular to a secure averaging method based on multi-user data.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a secure averaging method based on multi-user data, so as to overcome the problem in the prior art that the server cannot realize the averaging of multi-user data while protecting the privacy of user data.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for calculating a safe mean value based on multi-user data, including:
  • the ciphertext of a preset number of target users is respectively expanded to obtain the expanded ciphertext corresponding to each target user, and the decryption key of the expanded ciphertext is the corresponding decryption key of each target user.
  • private key
  • the ciphertext corresponding to the mean value data is obtained by the first target user by calculating the mean value based on the user plaintext data, and the user plaintext data is each target user based on each target user.
  • the private key corresponding to the user is obtained by decrypting the accumulated extended ciphertext, and the first target user is any target user among the target users.
  • all the extended ciphertexts are accumulated and sent to each target user, including:
  • All the first extended ciphertexts are accumulated and sent to each target user.
  • the ciphertext that includes the mean value data fed back by the first target user includes:
  • a difference is made between the ciphertext containing the mean value data fed back by the first target user and the second ciphertext to obtain the ciphertext corresponding to the mean value data.
  • the method further includes:
  • the embodiment of the present application also adopts a method for calculating a safe mean value based on multi-user data, including:
  • the extended ciphertext includes a first ciphertext corresponding to random disturbance data
  • the plaintext data obtained by obtaining a preset number of target users to decrypt the extended ciphertext respectively include:
  • Receive plaintext data sent by other target users where the plaintext data is obtained by other target users decrypting the extended ciphertext based on their own private keys, and the plaintext data includes the random perturbation data.
  • calculating the average value of plaintext data of all target users based on the preset number to obtain average value data including:
  • the total plaintext data is averaged based on the preset number to obtain the average data.
  • the method before receiving the extended ciphertext sent by the server, the method further includes:
  • the user data corresponding to the current target user is homomorphically encrypted based on the public key of the current target user to obtain a ciphertext, and the ciphertext is sent to the server.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor are connected in communication with each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions, thereby executing the multi-user data-based secure averaging method provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute the multi-user data-based security requirements provided by the embodiments of the present application mean method.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a secure mean value method based on multi-user data.
  • the server separately expands the ciphertext of a preset number of target users through the public key based on the multi-key fully homomorphic encryption algorithm, and obtains the corresponding value of each target user.
  • the decryption key of the extended ciphertext is the private key corresponding to each target user; all the extended ciphertexts are accumulated and sent to each target user; the current target user obtains a preset number of target users respectively for the extended ciphertext Perform the decrypted plaintext data; and average the plaintext data of all target users based on the preset number to obtain the average value data; then perform homomorphic encryption on the average value data based on the public key of the current target user to obtain the ciphertext containing the average value data, and sent to the server.
  • the server obtains the ciphertext corresponding to the mean value, which not only ensures user privacy and security on the server side, but also obtains the mean value ciphertext of multi-user data.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an interaction process for security averaging based on multi-user data in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another interactive process of multi-user data-based security averaging in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a secure averaging system based on multi-user data, the system includes a server and a plurality of target users, wherein the first target user performing the average calculation is any one of all the target users,
  • the server and the first target user are taken as examples to describe in detail the secure averaging method based on multi-user data provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the server side is used to execute the steps From S101 to step S103
  • the first target user terminal is used to execute steps S201 to S204.
  • the multi-key fully homomorphic encryption scheme based on the multi-key fully homomorphic encryption scheme implements the secure averaging protocol for multi-user data.
  • the specific background of the multi-user secure averaging protocol is as follows:
  • the corresponding ciphertexts are respectively Denoted as C 1 , C 2 ,...,C n , the data is stored in the server.
  • the secure averaging protocol is executed between the cloud server and users U 1 , U 2 ,...,U n , and aims to calculate all data in a given data cluster under the premise that the ciphertext is known without revealing the plaintext of each user object mean the corresponding ciphertext.
  • the multi-key fully homomorphic encryption algorithm can be selected from other existing homomorphic encryption algorithms in the prior art, such as the BGV type multi-key fully homomorphic encryption method. Not limited to this.
  • the security averaging method based on multi-user data specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step S101 Expand the ciphertext of a preset number of target users based on the public key of the multi-key fully homomorphic encryption algorithm, respectively, to obtain the expanded ciphertext corresponding to each target user, and the decryption key of the expanded ciphertext is corresponding to each target user. 's private key.
  • the ciphertext is obtained after each target user outputs the public and private keys corresponding to each target user by running the above-mentioned CZW.KGen algorithm, and performs homomorphic encryption on the target user's user data by using the respective public keys.
  • the public key is the public key obtained by running the above CZW.Setup algorithm.
  • Step S102 All the extended ciphertexts are accumulated and sent to each target user. Specifically, the server runs the algorithm CZW.CTExt to expand the ciphertexts C 1 , C 2 , . . . , C n of each user to be make That is, the private key corresponding to the expanded ciphertext is the private key corresponding to each target user. n represents the number of target users.
  • Step S201 Receive the extended ciphertext sent by the server, where the extended ciphertext is obtained by the server expanding and accumulating the ciphertexts of all target users based on the public key of the multi-key fully homomorphic encryption algorithm. Specifically, each target user receives the extended ciphertext sent by the server respectively.
  • the above-mentioned first target user receives the extended ciphertext sent by the server as an example for description.
  • Step S202 Acquire plaintext data obtained by decrypting the extended ciphertext by a preset number of target users respectively. Specifically, after each target user outputs the user's public and private keys through the above-mentioned CZW.KGen algorithm, respectively, uses the user's private key to decrypt the above-mentioned extended ciphertext to obtain a part of plaintext data respectively.
  • Step S203 Average the plaintext data of all target users based on a preset number to obtain average data.
  • the first target user can obtain the mean value data corresponding to the plaintext data of all the target users by accumulating the plaintext data obtained by decrypting all the target users and then calculating the average value.
  • Step S204 Homomorphically encrypt the mean value data based on the public key of the current target user, obtain a ciphertext including the mean value data, and send it to the server.
  • the current target user is the above-mentioned first target user
  • the ciphertext corresponding to the mean value data is calculated by running the CZW.Enc algorithm, that is, the above-mentioned first target user encrypts the mean value data by using its corresponding public key, Obtain the ciphertext corresponding to the mean data.
  • Step S103 Receive the ciphertext including the mean value data fed back by the first target user, the ciphertext corresponding to the mean value data is obtained by the first target user based on the average value of the user plaintext data, and the user plaintext data is each target user based on the corresponding target users.
  • the first target user is obtained by decrypting the accumulated extended ciphertext with the private key, and the first target user is any target user among the target users.
  • the server can obtain the mean value of the plaintext data of all target users.
  • the server can obtain the ciphertext corresponding to the mean value, which not only ensures the privacy and security of users on the server side, but also obtains the mean ciphertext of multi-user data.
  • step S102 specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step S11 Acquire random disturbance data.
  • the random disturbance data is a random binary vector r selected by the server.
  • the random disturbance data can also be randomly selected by the server from preset random disturbance data.
  • this application is not limited to this.
  • Step S12 Based on the random perturbation data, perform homomorphic encryption on the random perturbation data with a public key to obtain a first ciphertext corresponding to the random perturbation data. Specifically, the server uses the above-mentioned public key Encrypt the randomly disturbed data to obtain the corresponding first ciphertext
  • Step S13 Accumulate the first ciphertext and each extended ciphertext respectively to obtain the first extended ciphertext. Specifically, the server accumulates a first ciphertext corresponding to the random perturbation data for the extended ciphertext corresponding to each target user, respectively, to obtain the first extended ciphertext, so that each first extended ciphertext contains perturbed data, so as to obtain the first extended ciphertext. Increase the security of ciphertext data.
  • Step S14 All the first extended ciphertexts are accumulated and sent to each target user. Specifically, the server obtains by accumulating all the first extended ciphertexts and send to each target user.
  • each target user decrypts the extended ciphertext using his own private key, and obtains a result containing the first ciphertext corresponding to the random disturbance data.
  • Plaintext data for randomly perturbed data.
  • each target user cannot obtain the real plaintext data without knowing the random perturbation data, thus further ensuring the privacy of the plaintext data on the target user side, and thus cannot obtain the real plaintext data.
  • the information of the mean data ensures the two-way security of the mean value on the target user side and the server side.
  • step S202 specifically includes the following steps: step:
  • Step S21 Decrypt the extended ciphertext based on the private key of the current target user to obtain current plaintext data, where the current plaintext data includes random disturbance data.
  • Step S22 Receive plaintext data sent by other target users, where the plaintext data is obtained by other target users by decrypting the extended ciphertext based on their own private keys, and the plaintext data includes random disturbance data. Specifically, each target user decrypts the extended ciphertext with their own private key to obtain the corresponding plaintext data, and then sends the respective plaintext data to the current target user participating in the mean calculation, that is, the above-mentioned first target user. A target user processes all plaintext data to obtain mean data.
  • the first ciphertext corresponding to the random perturbation data is included in the extended ciphertext as an example. In practical applications, if the server does not add the first ciphertext corresponding to the random perturbation data.
  • the plaintext data decrypted by the target user does not contain random perturbation data.
  • step S203 specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step S23 Accumulate the current plaintext data and the plaintext data corresponding to other target users to obtain total plaintext data. Specifically, after receiving the plaintext data sent by other target users, the above-mentioned first target user participating in the mean value calculation accumulates the plaintext data decrypted by all target users to obtain the total plaintext data including random disturbance data, that is, each target user. Users U 1 , U 2 ,...,U n run the above CZW.Dec algorithm respectively to decrypt using their own private key, and then accumulate all the decryption results to obtain the total plaintext data g.
  • Step S24 Average the total plaintext data based on the preset number to obtain average data. Specifically, the first target user calculates the mean value with the error term according to the number of all target users Then encrypt by running the CZW.Enc algorithm get ciphertext sent to the server.
  • step S103 specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step S15 Obtain the public key corresponding to the first target user.
  • the first target user is sending the above ciphertext At the same time, it sends its own public key to the server.
  • Step S16 Homomorphically encrypt the random disturbance data based on the public key to obtain a second ciphertext corresponding to the random disturbance data.
  • the server obtains its corresponding ciphertext C i (r) by encrypting the random vector r selected in the above step S11 by using the public key corresponding to the first target user.
  • Step S17 Make a difference between the ciphertext containing the mean data and the second ciphertext fed back by the first target user to obtain the ciphertext corresponding to the mean data. server by computing the mean of the data the corresponding ciphertext.
  • the server can obtain the ciphertext corresponding to the mean value of the plaintext data; on the other hand, by adding error disturbance data to the server, the user cannot directly obtain the mean value information.
  • the user's two-way security is averaged, which protects the user's privacy from being leaked.
  • Table 1 shows the execution flow of the secure averaging protocol constructed by adopting the above-mentioned multi-user data-based secure averaging method according to the embodiment of the present application, wherein the server is a cloud server, and the user is the above-mentioned first target user participating in the averaging calculation.
  • the cloud servers and users of the above-mentioned protocols honestly perform the protocol operations, wherein the cloud servers are responsible for the data objects m 1 , m 2 ,..., m n and O (i) belonging to the data cluster ⁇ . the corresponding mean is curious, the user is curious about the mean.
  • the cloud server without the private keys sk 1 , sk 2 ,..., sk n cannot obtain the data objects m 1 , m 2 ,... from the ciphertext. ,m n , mean value with error term and mean Information.
  • users are calculating When the random binary vector r is introduced, the user cannot pass the average value with the error term when he is uncertain about the value of r. to infer the mean Information.
  • the above-mentioned secure averaging protocol is safe under the semi-honest model, and the security of user privacy data can be guaranteed on both the user side and the server side.
  • the electronic device may include a processor 901 and a memory 902, where the processor 901 and the memory 902 may be connected by a bus or in other ways. Take bus connection as an example.
  • the processor 901 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU).
  • the processor 901 may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processors, DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ASICs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, FPGAs) or Other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components and other chips, or a combination of the above types of chips.
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • FPGAs Field-Programmable Gate Arrays
  • Other programmable logic devices discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components and other chips, or a combination of the above types of chips.
  • the memory 902 can be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer-executable programs and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the methods in the method embodiments of the present application.
  • the processor 901 executes various functional applications and data processing of the processor by running the non-transitory software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 902, ie, implements the methods in the above method embodiments.
  • the memory 902 may include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system and an application program required by at least one function; the storage data area may store data created by the processor 901 and the like. Additionally, memory 902 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage device. In some embodiments, memory 902 may optionally include memory located remotely from processor 901, which may be connected to processor 901 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.
  • One or more modules are stored in the memory 902, and when executed by the processor 901, perform the methods in the above method embodiments.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a flash memory (Flash Memory), a hard disk (Hard Disk Drive) , abbreviation: HDD) or solid-state drive (Solid-State Drive, SSD), etc.; the storage medium may also include a combination of the above-mentioned types of memories.

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Abstract

一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法,服务器通过基于多密钥全同态加密算法的公钥分别对预设数量目标用户的密文进行扩展,得到各目标用户对应的扩展密文(S101);对所有的扩展密文进行累加后发送至各目标用户(S102);当前目标用户获取预设数量目标用户分别对扩展密文进行解密后的明文数据(S202);并基于预设数量对所有目标用户的明文数据求均值,得到均值数据(S203);然后基于当前目标用户的公钥对均值数据进行同态加密,得到包含均值数据的密文,并发送至服务器(S204)。从而利用同态加密算法,通过服务器与多用户之间的交互,在未泄露明文数据信息的前提下,使得服务器得到了均值所对应的密文,在服务器侧既保证了用户隐私安全,又得到了多用户数据的均值密文。

Description

一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法 技术领域
本申请涉及计算机网络应用技术领域,具体涉及一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法。
背景技术
机器学习的研究是从海量数据中获取隐藏的、有效的、可理解的知识,被广泛应用于人工智能、疾病诊断、基因测序、犯罪预测等领域。与此同时,机器学习给数据隐私保护带来了巨大挑战。如何限定第三方在对用户数据进行机器学习的同时不窥探用户数据隐私成为了热点研究课题。为了实现隐私保护的机器学习,最直接的方式是先加密数据再对数据密文进行机器学习。全同态加密就是这样一种密码技术,允许操作者直接在加密数据上进行运算,运算的结果正确解密后等同于在数据明文上进行同样的运算。
由于求均值运算被广泛应用于机器学习的k-means聚类等算法中,因此,服务器端在获取大量用户数据求均值时,存在用户隐私泄露的隐患,而在全同态加密的情况下用户的隐私可以得到保障,但是由于全同态加密仅支持对密文的加法与乘法运算,服务器也无法得到多用户的数据均值对应的密文,因此,在服务器端如何在保护用户数据隐私安全的情况下得到多用户的数据均值,对基于隐私保护机器学习算法的研究非常重要。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本申请实施例提供了一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法,以克服现有技术中服务器无法在保护用户数据隐私的情况下实现多用户数据求均值的问题。
本申请实施例提供了一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法,包括:
基于多密钥全同态加密算法的公钥分别对预设数量目标用户的密文进行扩展,得到各目标用户对应的扩展密文,所述扩展密文的解密密钥为各目标用户对应的私钥;
对所有的扩展密文进行累加后发送至各目标用户;
接收第一目标用户反馈的包含均值数据的密文,所述均值数据对应的密文为所述第一目标用户基于用户明文数据求均值得到的,所述用户明文数据为各目标用户基于各目标用户对应的私钥对累加后的扩展密文解密得到的,所述第一目标用户为各目标用户中任意一个目标用户。
可选地,所述对所有的扩展密文进行累加后发送至各目标用户,包括:
获取随机扰动数据;
基于所述随机扰动数据,采用所述公钥对所述随机扰动数据进行同态加密得到所述随机扰动数据对应的第一密文;
分别将所述第一密文与各所述扩展密文进行累加,得到第一扩展密文;
对所有第一扩展密文进行累加后发送至各目标用户。
可选地,所述接收第一目标用户反馈的包含均值数据的密文,包括:
获取所述第一目标用户对应的公钥;
基于所述公钥对所述随机扰动数据进行同态加密,得到所述随机扰动数据对应的第二密文;
对第一目标用户反馈的包含均值数据的密文和所述第二密文作差,得到所述均值数据对应的密文。
可选地,在所述基于扩展公钥分别对预设数量的目标用户的密文进行扩展之前,所述方法还包括:
接收所述预设数量的目标用户发送的密文,所述密文为各目标用户采用其对应的公钥对各自用户数据进行同态加密后得到的。
本申请实施例还通过了一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法,包括:
接收服务器发送的扩展密文,所述扩展密文为所述服务器基于多密钥全同态加密算法的公钥分别对所有目标用户的密文进行扩展后累加得到的;
获取预设数量的目标用户分别对所述扩展密文进行解密后的明文数据;
基于所述预设数量对所有目标用户的明文数据求均值,得到均值数据;
基于当前目标用户的公钥对所述均值数据进行同态加密,得到包含均值数据的密文,并发送至所述服务器。
可选地,所述扩展密文中包含有随机扰动数据对应的第一密文,所述获取预设数量的目标用户分别对所述扩展密文进行解密后的明文数据包括:
基于当前目标用户的私钥对所述扩展密文进行解密,得到当前明文数据,所述当前明文数据中包含有所述随机扰动数据;
接收其他目标用户发送的明文数据,所述明文数据为其他目标用户基于各自的私钥对所述扩展密文进行解密得到的,所述明文数据中包含有所述随机扰动数据。
可选地,所述基于所述预设数量对所有目标用户的明文数据求均值,得到均值数据,包括:
对当前明文数据及其他目标用户对应的明文数据进行累加,得到总明文数据;
基于所述预设数量对所述总明文数据求均值,得到所述均值数据。
可选地,在所述接收服务器发送的扩展密文之前,所述方法还包括:
基于当前目标用户的公钥对当前目标用户对应的用户数据进行同态加密,得到密文,并将所述密文发送至服务器。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电子设备,包括:存储器和处理器,所述存储器和所述处理器之间互相通信连接,所述存储器中存储有计算机指令,所述处理器通过执行所述计算机指令,从而执行本申请实施例提供的基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储计算机指令,所述计算机指令用于使所述计算机执行本申请实施例提供的基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法。
本申请技术方案,具有如下优点:
本申请实施例提供了一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法,服务器通过基于多密钥全同态加密算法的公钥分别对预设数量目标用户的密文进行扩展,得到各目标用户对应的扩展密文,扩展密文的解密密钥为各目标用户对应的私钥;对所有的扩展密文进行累加后发送至各目标用户;当前目标用户获取预设数量目标用户分别对扩展密文进行解密后的明文数据;并基于预设数量对所有目标用户的明文数据求均值,得到均值数据;然后基于当前目标用户的公钥对均值数据进行同态加密,得到包含均值数据的密文,并发送至服务器。从而利用同态加密算法,通过服务器与多用户之间的交互,在用户端实现多用户数据均值的计算,并通过对均值进行加密后发送至服务器,在未泄露明文数据信息的前提下,使得服务器得到了均值所对应的密文,在服务器侧既保证了用户隐私安全,又得到了多用户数据的均值密文。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例中的基于多用户数据的安全求均值的交互过程示意图;
图2为本申请实施例中的基于多用户数据的安全求均值的另一交互过程示意图;
图3为本申请实施例中的电子设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
下面所描述的本申请不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
由于求均值运算被广泛应用于机器学习的k-means聚类等算法中,因此,服务器端在获取大量用户数据求均值时,存在用户隐私泄露的隐患,而在全同态加密的情况下用户的隐私可以得到保障,但是由于全同态加密仅支持对密文的加法与乘法运算,服务器也无法得到多用户的数据均值对应的密文,因此,在服务器端如何在保护用户数据隐私安全的情况下得到多用户的数据均值,对基于隐私保护机器学习算法的研究非常重要。
基于上述问题,本申请实施例提供了一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值系统,该系统包括服务器和多个目标用户,其中进行均值计算的第一目标用户为所有目标用户中的任意一个,在本申请实施例中,以服务器和第一目标用户为例,对本申请实施例提供的基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法进行详细的说明,具体如图1所示,服务器端用于执行步骤S101至步骤S103,第一目标用户端用于,执行步骤S201至步骤S204。
首先,对本申请实施例所采用的多密钥全同态加密算法进行说明,在本申请实施例中,在现有技术中选择定义为CZW={Setup,KGen,Enc,Dec,CTExt,EVKen}的多密钥全同态加密方案,实现对多用户数据的安全求均值协议,具体多用户安全求均值协议背景如下:
运行CZW.Setup算法输出系统的公钥等。运行CZW.KGen算法输出用户公私钥,特别地定义用户U i的公私钥对为{pk i,sk i};运行CZW.Enc算法计算明文所对应的密文,假定明文数据m i来自用户U i,则使用U i的公钥pk i加密,得到密文C i。给定数据簇λ中n个数据对象{m 1,m 2,...,m n},分别来自n个不同的用户U 1,U 2,...,U n,对应的密文分别记为C 1,C 2,...,C n,数据存储于服务器。安全求平均值协议在云服务器与用户U 1,U 2,...,U n间执行,旨在已知密文而不泄露各用户明文的前提下,计算出给定数据簇内所有数据对象的均值
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000001
所对应的密文。需要说明的是,在实际应用中,该多密钥全同态加密算法可以选择现有技术中其他已有的同态加密算法,如BGV型多密钥全同态加密方法等,本申请并不以此为限。
具体地,如图1所示,该基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S101:基于多密钥全同态加密算法的公钥分别对预设数量目标用户的密文进行扩展,得到各目标用户对应的扩展密文,扩展密文的解密密钥为各目 标用户对应的私钥。具体地,该密文为各目标用户通过运行上述CZW.KGen算法输出各目标用户对应的公私钥,并利用各自的公钥对目标用户的用户数据进行同态加密后得到的。该公钥为通过运行上述CZW.Setup算法得到的公钥。
步骤S102:对所有的扩展密文进行累加后发送至各目标用户。具体地,服务器运行算法CZW.CTExt扩展各用户的密文C 1,C 2,...,C n
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000002
使得
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000003
即扩展后密文对应的私钥均为各目标用户对应的私钥,其中
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000004
n表示目标用户的个数。
步骤S201:接收服务器发送的扩展密文,扩展密文为服务器基于多密钥全同态加密算法的公钥分别对所有目标用户的密文进行扩展后累加得到的。具体地,各目标用户分别接收服务器发送的扩展密文,在本申请实施例中,是以上述第一目标用户接收服务器发送的扩展密文为例进行的说明。
步骤S202:获取预设数量的目标用户分别对扩展密文进行解密后的明文数据。具体地,各目标用户分别通过上述CZW.KGen算法输出用户公私钥后,并利用用户私钥对上述扩展密文进行解密,分别得到一部分明文数据。
步骤S203:基于预设数量对所有目标用户的明文数据求均值,得到均值数据。具体地,第一目标用户通过将所有目标用户解密得到的明文数据进行累加后求均值,即可得到所有目标用户的明文数据对应的均值数据。
步骤S204:基于当前目标用户的公钥对均值数据进行同态加密,得到包含均值数据的密文,并发送至服务器。具体地,该当前目标用户即为上述的第一目标用户,其通过运行CZW.Enc算法计算均值数据所对应的密文,即上述第一目标用户采用其对应的公钥对均值数据进行加密,得到均值数据对应的密文。
步骤S103:接收第一目标用户反馈的包含均值数据的密文,均值数据对应的密文为第一目标用户基于用户明文数据求均值得到的,用户明文数据为各目 标用户基于各目标用户对应的私钥对累加后的扩展密文解密得到的,第一目标用户为各目标用户中任意一个目标用户。至此,服务器即可得到所有目标用户的明文数据的均值。
通过执行上述步骤,利用同态加密算法,通过服务器与多用户之间的交互,在用户端实现多用户数据均值的计算,并通过对均值进行加密后发送至服务器,在未泄露明文数据信息的前提下,使得服务器得到了均值所对应的密文,在服务器侧既保证了用户隐私安全,又得到了多用户数据的均值密文。
具体地,在一实施例中,如图2所示,上述的步骤S102,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S11:获取随机扰动数据。具体地,在本申请实施例中,该随机扰动数据为服务器选取的一个随机二元向量r,在实际应用中,该随机扰动数据也可以是服务器从预先设定的若干扰动数据中随机选择其中一个,本申请并不以此为限。
步骤S12:基于随机扰动数据,采用公钥对随机扰动数据进行同态加密得到随机扰动数据对应的第一密文。具体地,服务器通过利用上述公钥
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000005
对随机扰动数据进行加密得到对应的第一密文
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000006
步骤S13:分别将第一密文与各扩展密文进行累加,得到第一扩展密文。具体地,服务器分别为每一个目标用户对应的扩展密文都累加一个随机扰动数据对应的第一密文,得到第一扩展密文,使得每个第一扩展密文中均包含有扰动数据,以增加密文数据的安全性。
步骤S14:对所有第一扩展密文进行累加后发送至各目标用户。具体地,服务器通过累加所有第一扩展密文,得到
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000007
并发送
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000008
给各个目标用户。
在本申请实施例中,各个目标用户在接收到上述包含有随机扰动数据对应的第一密文的扩展密文后,各目标用户分别采用自己的私钥对扩展密文进行解密,得到包含有随机扰动数据的明文数据。此时,由于随机扰动数据是服务器设置的,各个目标用户在不知道随机扰动数据的情况下,无法得到真实的明文数据,从而进一步保障了明文数据在目标用户端的隐私,进而也无法得到真实的均值数据的信息,保证了求均值在目标用户端和服务器端的双向安全。
具体地,在一实施例中,如图2所示,在上述第一目标用户端接收到上述包含有随机扰动数据对应的第一密文的扩展密文后,上述的步骤S202,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S21:基于当前目标用户的私钥对扩展密文进行解密,得到当前明文数据,当前明文数据中包含有随机扰动数据。
步骤S22:接收其他目标用户发送的明文数据,该明文数据为其他目标用户基于各自的私钥对扩展密文进行解密得到的,明文数据中包含有随机扰动数据。具体地,通过各个目标用户分别利用自己的私钥对扩展密文进行解密得到对应的明文数据,然后将各自的明文数据发送给参与均值计算的当前目标用户即上述第一目标用户,并由第一目标用户对所有的明文数据进行处理,得到均值数据。
需要说明的是,在本申请实施例中是以扩展密文中包含有随机扰动数据对应的第一密文为例进行的说明,在实际应用中,如果服务器不添加随机扰动数据对应的第一密文,目标用户解密得到的明文数据也不包含随机扰动数据。
具体地,在一实施例中,如图2所示,上述的步骤S203,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S23:对当前明文数据及其他目标用户对应的明文数据进行累加,得到 总明文数据。具体地,参与均值计算的上述第一目标用户在接收到其他目标用户发送的明文数据后,对所有目标用户解密得到的明文数据进行累加,得到包含有随机扰动数据的总明文数据,即各目标用户U 1,U 2,...,U n分别运行上述CZW.Dec算法利用自身的私钥进行解密,然后将所有解密结果进行累加后得到总明文数据g。
步骤S24:基于预设数量对总明文数据求均值,得到均值数据。具体地,第一目标用户根据所有目标用户的数量计算出含误差项的均值
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000009
然后通过运行CZW.Enc算法加密
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000010
得到密文
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000011
发送给服务器。
具体地,在一实施例中,如图2所示,上述的步骤S103,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S15:获取第一目标用户对应的公钥。具体地,第一目标用户在发送上述密文
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000012
时,同时将自己的公钥发送至服务器。
步骤S16:基于公钥对随机扰动数据进行同态加密,得到随机扰动数据对应的第二密文。服务器通过利用第一目标用户对应的公钥加密上述步骤S11选取的随机向量r,得到其对应的密文C i(r)。
步骤S17:对第一目标用户反馈的包含均值数据的密文和第二密文作差,得到均值数据对应的密文。服务器通过计算
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000013
亦即数据均值
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000014
所对应的密文。
至此,通过云服务器与多用户的交互,完成了对多用户数据的安全求均值计算。一方面,在未泄露明文数据信息的前提下,服务器实现了得到明文数据均值所对应的密文;另一方面,通过服务器增设误差扰动数据,用户也无法直接获取均值信息,从而实现了服务器和用户双向安全求均值,保护了用户隐私不被泄露。
表1为本申请实施例采用上述基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法所构建的安全求均值协议的执行流程,其中服务器为云服务器,用户为参与均值计算的上述第一目标用户。在半诚实模型下,上述协议的参与方云服务器、用户诚实地执行协议操作,其中云服务器对属于数据簇λ中的数据对象m 1,m 2,...,m n和O (i)所对应的均值
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000015
是好奇的,用户对均值是好奇的。
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000016
由于CZW多密钥全同态加密算法的语义安全性,未拥有私钥sk 1,sk 2,...,sk n的云服务器无法从密文中获得数据对象m 1,m 2,...,m n、含误差项的均值
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000017
及均值
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000018
的信息。此外,用户在计算
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000019
时引入随机二元向量r,使得用户在不确定r的取值的情况下,无法通过含误差项的平均值
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000020
来推测出均值
Figure PCTCN2020140586-appb-000021
的信息。
综上,上述安全求均值协议在半诚实模型下是安全的,在用户端及服务器端均可保证用户隐私数据的安全。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电子设备,如图3所示,该电子设备可以包括处理器901和存储器902,其中处理器901和存储器902可以通过总线或者其他方式连接,图3中以通过总线连接为例。
处理器901可以为中央处理器(Central Processing Unit,CPU)。处理器 901还可以为其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor,DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等芯片,或者上述各类芯片的组合。
存储器902作为一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质,可用于存储非暂态软件程序、非暂态计算机可执行程序以及模块,如本申请方法实施例中的方法所对应的程序指令/模块。处理器901通过运行存储在存储器902中的非暂态软件程序、指令以及模块,从而执行处理器的各种功能应用以及数据处理,即实现上述方法实施例中的方法。
存储器902可以包括存储程序区和存储数据区,其中,存储程序区可存储操作系统、至少一个功能所需要的应用程序;存储数据区可存储处理器901所创建的数据等。此外,存储器902可以包括高速随机存取存储器,还可以包括非暂态存储器,例如至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他非暂态固态存储器件。在一些实施例中,存储器902可选包括相对于处理器901远程设置的存储器,这些远程存储器可以通过网络连接至处理器901。上述网络的实例包括但不限于互联网、企业内部网、局域网、移动通信网及其组合。
一个或者多个模块存储在存储器902中,当被处理器901执行时,执行上述方法实施例中的方法。
上述电子设备具体细节可以对应参阅上述方法实施例中对应的相关描述和效果进行理解,此处不再赘述。
本领域技术人员可以理解,实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,的程序可存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中, 存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory,ROM)、随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory,RAM)、快闪存储器(Flash Memory)、硬盘(Hard Disk Drive,缩写:HDD)或固态硬盘(Solid-State Drive,SSD)等;存储介质还可以包括上述种类的存储器的组合。
虽然结合附图描述了本申请的实施例,但是本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的情况下作出各种修改和变型,这样的修改和变型均落入由所附权利要求所限定的范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法,其特征在于,包括:
    基于多密钥全同态加密算法的公钥分别对预设数量目标用户的密文进行扩展,得到各目标用户对应的扩展密文,所述扩展密文的解密密钥为各目标用户对应的私钥;
    对所有的扩展密文进行累加后发送至各目标用户;
    接收第一目标用户反馈的包含均值数据的密文,所述均值数据对应的密文为所述第一目标用户基于用户明文数据求均值得到的,所述用户明文数据为各目标用户基于各目标用户对应的私钥对累加后的扩展密文解密得到的,所述第一目标用户为各目标用户中任意一个目标用户。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对所有的扩展密文进行累加后发送至各目标用户,包括:
    获取随机扰动数据;
    基于所述随机扰动数据,采用所述公钥对所述随机扰动数据进行同态加密得到所述随机扰动数据对应的第一密文;
    分别将所述第一密文与各所述扩展密文进行累加,得到第一扩展密文;
    对所有第一扩展密文进行累加后发送至各目标用户。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述接收第一目标用户反馈的包含均值数据的密文,包括:
    获取所述第一目标用户对应的公钥;
    基于所述公钥对所述随机扰动数据进行同态加密,得到所述随机扰动数据 对应的第二密文;
    对第一目标用户反馈的包含均值数据的密文和所述第二密文作差,得到所述均值数据对应的密文。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述基于扩展公钥分别对预设数量的目标用户的密文进行扩展之前,所述方法还包括:
    接收所述预设数量的目标用户发送的密文,所述密文为各目标用户采用其对应的公钥对各自用户数据进行同态加密后得到的。
  5. 一种基于多用户数据的安全求均值方法,其特征在于,包括:
    接收服务器发送的扩展密文,所述扩展密文为所述服务器基于多密钥全同态加密算法的公钥分别对所有目标用户的密文进行扩展后累加得到的;
    获取预设数量的目标用户分别对所述扩展密文进行解密后的明文数据;
    基于所述预设数量对所有目标用户的明文数据求均值,得到均值数据;
    基于当前目标用户的公钥对所述均值数据进行同态加密,得到包含均值数据的密文,并发送至所述服务器。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述扩展密文中包含有随机扰动数据对应的第一密文,所述获取预设数量的目标用户分别对所述扩展密文进行解密后的明文数据包括:
    基于当前目标用户的私钥对所述扩展密文进行解密,得到当前明文数据,所述当前明文数据中包含有所述随机扰动数据;
    接收其他目标用户发送的明文数据,所述明文数据为其他目标用户基于各自的私钥对所述扩展密文进行解密得到的,所述明文数据中包含有所述随机扰动数据。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基于所述预设数量对所有目标用户的明文数据求均值,得到均值数据,包括:
    对当前明文数据及其他目标用户对应的明文数据进行累加,得到总明文数据;
    基于所述预设数量对所述总明文数据求均值,得到所述均值数据。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述接收服务器发送的扩展密文之前,所述方法还包括:
    基于当前目标用户的公钥对当前目标用户对应的用户数据进行同态加密,得到密文,并将所述密文发送至服务器。
  9. 一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括:
    存储器和处理器,所述存储器和所述处理器之间互相通信连接,所述存储器中存储有计算机指令,所述处理器通过执行所述计算机指令,从而执行权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法。
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机指令,所述计算机指令用于使所述计算机从而执行权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法。
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