WO2022137114A2 - Bloc-batterie comprenant une ou plusieurs cellules et un système de gestion de batterie pour surveiller et commander lesdites cellules - Google Patents

Bloc-batterie comprenant une ou plusieurs cellules et un système de gestion de batterie pour surveiller et commander lesdites cellules Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022137114A2
WO2022137114A2 PCT/IB2021/062100 IB2021062100W WO2022137114A2 WO 2022137114 A2 WO2022137114 A2 WO 2022137114A2 IB 2021062100 W IB2021062100 W IB 2021062100W WO 2022137114 A2 WO2022137114 A2 WO 2022137114A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
local control
control unit
battery pack
cells
cell
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PCT/IB2021/062100
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English (en)
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WO2022137114A3 (fr
Inventor
Marco Venturini
Original Assignee
Phase Motion Control S.P.A.
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Publication date
Application filed by Phase Motion Control S.P.A. filed Critical Phase Motion Control S.P.A.
Priority to EP21899297.2A priority Critical patent/EP4264729A2/fr
Publication of WO2022137114A2 publication Critical patent/WO2022137114A2/fr
Publication of WO2022137114A3 publication Critical patent/WO2022137114A3/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs

Definitions

  • Battery pack comprising one or more cells and a battery management system for monitoring and controlling said cells
  • the present invention relates to a battery pack comprising one or more electrochemical cells and a battery management system for monitoring and controlling said cells.
  • the present disclosure relates to lithium-ion batteries, but it should be clear to a person skilled in the art that the invention can be applied to any suitable battery type.
  • Lithium-based batteries both primary and secondary, are characterised by a high accumulated energy density, which allows them to be used in countless high energy and power applications, such as electric vehicles and aircraft, battery powered tools, and the like.
  • the high energy density also makes the batteries susceptible to fire with the release of flames and chemically aggressive compounds in the event of battery failure or damage. This behaviour is to some extent intrinsic; if in fact the energy contained in the battery is released suddenly, for example from an accident that physically damages the battery, the same high amount of energy necessarily produces heat to a significant extent.
  • the battery systems demanded by the market are growing.
  • One example is the shipping industry, where there is a strong demand for ships with hybrid propulsion systems, such as to allow electric propulsion when the ship moves in the vicinity of an urban environment.
  • hybrid propulsion systems such as to allow electric propulsion when the ship moves in the vicinity of an urban environment.
  • 10 and 15 MWh need to be accumulated.
  • the complexity of the connections grows. This is why the trend is to increase the size of individual cells, though this makes the thermal regulation of the single cell increasingly problematic.
  • state-of-the-art cooling/heating systems comprising heat exchangers placed in contact with the outside of the batteries and provided with ducts for the circulation of a cooling/heating fluid.
  • these systems have some disadvantages, in particular they significantly increase the weight of the battery pack, which goes against the demand from e-mobility for ever smaller weights.
  • a subject matter of the present invention is also a Battery Management System (BMS), i.e. , an electronic system that manages one or more rechargeable batteries, for example by protecting the batteries from operating outside the safe operating area, monitoring their status, calculating secondary data, reporting such data, controlling their environment, validating it and/or returning it to optimal conditions.
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • the primary purposes of the BMS are, therefore, the measurement of the cell voltage, the measurement of the cell temperature for safety reasons, and the selective discharge of the over-charged cells to bring them back to average with the other cells and thus maintain a homogeneity of state of charge between the cells.
  • the BMS must therefore control cell by cell and this requires electrical connections, one or more electronic processing units and systems to dissipate the excess charge.
  • the currently known BMSs include electronic boards placed outside the cells with a plurality of electrical resistors adapted to dissipate heat towards the surrounding air. The amount of energy that can be dissipated in these systems is limited, however, and this is confirmed by the fact that in current BMSs it sometimes takes up to several days to balance a new battery properly.
  • the systems currently known face a further technical problem: the measurement of the voltage of many cells requires insulation systems in subgroups of cells to avoid prevent the electrical voltage to be managed by the BMS electronics from being too high.
  • BMSs manage up to 12-14 elements in series, but the total voltage is summed and, therefore, in the presence of 10 elements of 3.7 V the electronics of the BMS must manage 37 V.
  • management of the entire voltage is not possible in a single integrated circuit.
  • the cells are divided into subgroups, and subsequently electronic isolation systems are implemented between the subgroups to pass from one subgroup to another to a central control unit called a “master”.
  • the battery management system comprises one or more local control units and at least one central control unit, each local control unit being associated with at least one cell, and the local control units being in connection with the central control unit via means of wireless communication.
  • a plurality of said local control units are provided, the local control units being organised in an ordered series comprising a first local control unit and a last local control unit, the means of wireless communication being configured such that the first local control unit is in communication with the central control unit and with the respective next local control unit, the last local control unit is in communication with the respective preceding local control unit, and the further local control units are in communication each with the respective preceding local control unit and with the respective following local control unit.
  • a chain network architecture is formed in which data containing the commands is sent from the central control unit and passed from local unit to local unit until the last in the series, and then back along the same path to bring the information to the central unit.
  • the communication means are of the NFC (Near Field Communication) type.
  • Such transceiver technology provides short-range bidirectional radio frequency wireless connectivity, currently up to a maximum of about 10 cm, and thus allows the chain architecture described above to be implemented without complex arrangements.
  • said means of wireless communication are of the electro-optical type.
  • Electro-optical communication between control boards is possible through enclosures made of at least partially transparent thermoplastic material as well as by a temperature control liquid which is also at least partially transparent.
  • each cell is provided with a respective said local control unit.
  • the battery pack is thus managed entirely by the BMS and the ordered set of cells is replicated by the ordered set of local control units placed to form the chain architecture described above.
  • each cell is provided with a watertight peripheral enclosure, in which enclosure the respective local control unit is housed.
  • a battery is created that incorporates an electronic management unit already prepared to be connected wirelessly in a distributed battery management system that is easy to set up and configure with any number of batteries.
  • the packaging is made of thermoplastic polymeric material.
  • the polymeric material advantageously does not impede wireless communication between the local control units and with the central control unit.
  • each cell and its local control unit are immersed at least partially in a hydraulic circulation circuit of a thermal regulation fluid.
  • the enclosure separates the cell and the local control unit from the hydraulic circuit in a watertight manner, but the thermal regulation fluid exerts its action through the packaging on both the cell and the local control unit.
  • said thermal regulation fluid is nonpolar and non-water-based. This proves particularly advantageous in combination with the polymeric material packaging described above, said material being characterised by a liquefaction temperature lower than the temperature of the thermal runaway or thermal leakage of the electrochemical cell. Since the cell is immersed in a non-polar, non-water-based liquid under pressure, this liquid performs the dual function of thermal regulation of the cell and suppression of the thermal runaway in the event that a degenerative phenomenon of the cell itself is accidentally triggered.
  • said cells are flat and the hydraulic circuit is configured as a coil, such that the thermal regulation fluid laps each cell on both sides of the packaging of the cell itself.
  • the local control units are provided with thermal dissipation means for balancing the charge of the cells.
  • the thermal dissipation for balancing does not take place in air, with the consequent efficiency problems mentioned in the introduction, but exploits the same cooling circuit of the cell itself.
  • Fig. 1 shows a design of the battery pack
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an exploded view of a cell with its packaging and its local control unit
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the system
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a sectional view of the battery pack in assembled condition with a plurality of cells side by side
  • Fig. 5 illustrates the battery pack in the assembled condition
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a sectional view of the hydraulic circuit formed by the complete battery pack in assembled condition.
  • the present invention relates to a battery pack comprising one or more electrochemical cells 1 and a BMS for monitoring and controlling said cells 1 .
  • the BMS includes a plurality of local control units 51 and a central control unit 50.
  • Each local control unit 51 is associated with a respective cell 1 , such that each cell 1 of the battery pack is associated with its own local control unit 51.
  • central control unit 50 It is possible to provide for more than one central control unit 50, and it is possible to provide for a local control unit 51 to be associated with multiple cells 1 . It is also possible to provide for a configuration with only one central unit 50 and only one local unit 51 .
  • the local control units 51 are connected to the central control unit 50 via means of wireless communication.
  • the local control units 51 are organised in an ordered series comprising a first local control unit 5T and a last local control unit 51".
  • the means of wireless communication are configured to form a chain such that each local control unit communicates only with the one immediately preceding and the one immediately after, if any.
  • the first local control unit 5T is in communication with the central control unit 50 and with the respective next local control unit 51
  • the last local control unit 51” is in communication with the respective previous local control unit 51
  • the additional local control units 51 are in communication each with the respective previous local control unit and with the respective subsequent local control unit.
  • the communication means are of the Near Field Communication (NFC) type, but other technologies currently known to a person skilled in the art may be used, having been adapted to make a chain configuration as described above.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • the means of wireless communication activate communication of the electro-optical type.
  • Each local unit 51 in this case is provided with a photo-signal, e.g., a LED or other light source, and a photo-receiver. These elements are also provided on the central control unit 50.
  • the data packets are then preferably generated by the central control unit 50 and passed from the local unit to the local unit, giving the commands necessary for the management of the respective cells. Once they reach the last local control unit 51” the packets go back to the central unit 50, modified with the addition of information by each local unit 51.
  • the central control unit 50 calculates the state of charge of each cell 1 and controls the safety actions for each local control unit 51 .
  • the local control units 51 comprise a switch of the cell 1 the opening of which can be controlled by the central unit 50 in the event of anomalies.
  • Cells 1 are preferably lithium-ion flat cells such as the known pouch cells. However, other types of cells, such as cylindrical cells, may be adopted without abandoning the purpose of the invention.
  • pouch cells of the currently known type which are typically enveloped in packaging consisting of a layered sheet of plastic and aluminium, similar to food packaging.
  • the primary purpose of the packaging is to avoid at all costs the penetration of moisture, which would inevitably damage the cell with the consequent risk of fire and explosion.
  • the packaging is suitably shaped so as not to impede communication between the local control units 51 and the central control unit 50.
  • each cell 1 comprises a plurality of overlapping laminated layers 10, a plurality of electrodes 11 and a packaging containing the layers 10.
  • the packaging is divided into two rigid thermoformed half-shells 12 that can be joined to one another by means of coupling.
  • Each rigid half-shell 12 has a flat perimeter edge 120 that completely surrounds it and a central recess 121 as a tray, complementary to the set of layers that make up the cell 1 .
  • the two perimeter edges 120 are brought into mutual contact and rest on a single plane, while the central recesses 121 extend symmetrically in opposite directions with respect to said plane.
  • the two central recesses 121 form a central housing seat for the constituent layers 10 of the cell 1 and the two perimeter edges 120 in mutual contact form a perimeter flange 122.
  • the two thermoformed half-shells 12 are of polymeric material having a low melting temperature (preferably ranging from 120°C to 160°C), such as polyethylene or polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the polymeric material constituting the packaging 13 is preferably transparent or semi-transparent, so as to allow for possible electro-optical communication between local units 51.
  • the two half-shells 12 are preferably heat-welded together along the perimeter edges 120, but can also be glued or secured by any known state of the art fixing method capable of keeping the packaging sealed from the outside.
  • each passage opening 124 is internally provided with a gasket element 125 adapted to interpose between the walls of the passage opening 124 and the electrode 11 .
  • One side of the perimeter edge 120 of each half-shell 12 has a plurality of holes 126 such that in the assembled condition of the packaging the perimeter flange 122 has a perforated zone.
  • the battery pack comprises a plurality of spacer frames 2 having a substantially rectangular shape and dimensions corresponding to the perimeter flange 122.
  • the spacer frame 2 is adapted to be interposed between two cells 1 side by side, coming into contact with their respective perimeter flanges 122.
  • the spacer frame 2 is provided with gasket elements 20 on opposite contact surfaces of two perimeter flanges 122 of two cells 1 side by side.
  • the thickness of the spacer frame 2, i.e., the distance between the two opposite said contact surfaces, is such that, in the assembled condition of the battery pack, a watertight cavity 30 is formed between the two cells 1 with respect to the outside of the battery pack, as illustrated in the sectional view in Figure 4.
  • the two half-shells 12 are shaped so as also to create a housing 127 for a local control unit 51 , shown in Figure 2.
  • the local control unit 51 is then separated from the outside in a watertight manner by the packaging.
  • the local control unit 51 is preferably physically separated from the cell 1 but is connected to the electrodes 11 thereof by conductors 511.
  • the local control unit 51 is further provided with one or more temperature sensors 512 of the cell, preferably consisting of thermocouples.
  • the housings 127 of the local control units 51 are obtained from an extension of the packaging outside its rectangular shape. In this case, such an extension is also present in the frame 2, so as to form the cavity 30 also at the housing 127.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment, wherein the housing 127 for the local control unit 51 is triangular and formed in a corner of the rectangle substantially defining the central housing location of the layers 10 constituting the cell 1 , and separated therefrom.
  • the spacer frame 2 between different cells 1 can be entirely rectangular in shape.
  • the cells 1 are stacked together as shown in Figure 5, i.e., placed on planes parallel to each other and aligned along a longitudinal axis.
  • a spacer frame 2 is placed between two adjacent cells 1 throughout the stack, so as to form an alternating series of cells 1 and frames 2.
  • At the opposite ends of the stack are two end cells 1 , and a first and second end cap 40, 41 are provided with gasket elements adapted for sealing the perimeter flanges 122 of said end cells 1.
  • Both end caps are shaped so as to identify a first cavity provided between the first end cap 40 and the corresponding end cell 1 and a last cavity provided between the second end cap 42 and the corresponding further end cell 1.
  • the first end cap 40 is provided with a central control unit housing seat 50.
  • the local units 51 and the central unit 50 are stacked together as shown in Figure 5.
  • the caps 40 and 41 are preferably provided with reinforcing ribs 401.
  • Means for holding are also provided in the assembled condition of the cells 1 , the spacer frames 2 and the end caps 40 and 41 .
  • these means consist of metal bars or bolts 42 fixed on special eyelets 43 provided on both end caps 40 and 41 .
  • each perimeter flange 122 put all the cavities 30 in hydraulic communication with each other to form a single hydraulic circuit 3.
  • the hydraulic circuit 3 comprises an inlet 31 at the first cavity and an outlet 32 at the last cavity, the inlet and the outlet being connections to an external circulation circuit of a thermal regulation fluid, as shown in the example in the Figures.
  • each cell 1 and the respective local control unit 51 are placed in the hydraulic circuit 3 for the circulation of a thermal regulation fluid.
  • the thermal regulation fluid is preferably a non-polar and non- water-based liquid, for example vegetable oil.
  • the thermal regulation fluid is preferably transparent or semi-transparent, so as to allow for any electro-optical communication between circuit boards 8.
  • the external circuit is also provided with means for pressurising the thermal regulation fluid, so that this fluid flows under pressure in the hydraulic circuit 3 of the battery pack, in particular with a pressure between 1 and 3 Bar, preferably 2 Bar. This also ensures the correct pressure between the electrodes of the cell, which would otherwise be obtained with springs, or other means, adding additional weight.
  • the local control units 51 are provided with thermal dissipation means 510 for balancing the charge of the cells.
  • Such means 510 can be of any type known to a person skilled in the art and preferably comprise electrical resistors. The heat generated by these resistors reaches the thermal regulation liquid through the packaging, from which it is dissipated.
  • the hydraulic circuit 3 has a coil configuration such that the thermal regulation fluid laps each cell 1 on both sides of the packaging of the cell 1 itself.
  • the cells 1 are arranged in the stack such that two adjacent cells 1 have their respective perimeter flange zones 122 equipped with holes 126 in opposite positions to each other with respect to a longitudinal plane of the battery pack.
  • the housings 127 of the local control units 51 in positions such as to create a coil in the hydraulic circuit with only one pair of half-shells 12 which is simply tilted alternately, while ensuring an aligned position for the local control units 51 .
  • the cell 1 including its packaging has a thickness of 11 mm while the cavity 30 measures 1 mm between the two recesses 121 of two adjacent cells 1 .
  • This size of the cavities 30 has been shown to be sufficient for effective thermal regulation and at the same time allows for a minimum weight of thermal regulation fluid and reduced volumes.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un bloc-batterie comprenant une ou plusieurs cellules (1) électrochimiques et un système de gestion de batterie pour surveiller et commander lesdites cellules (1), le système de gestion de batterie comprenant une ou plusieurs unités de commande locales (51) et au moins une unité de commande centrale (50), chaque unité de commande locale (51) étant associée à au moins une cellule (1) et les unités de commande locales (51) étant en liaison avec l'unité de commande centrale (50) par l'intermédiaire de moyens de communication sans fil.
PCT/IB2021/062100 2020-12-21 2021-12-21 Bloc-batterie comprenant une ou plusieurs cellules et un système de gestion de batterie pour surveiller et commander lesdites cellules WO2022137114A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21899297.2A EP4264729A2 (fr) 2020-12-21 2021-12-21 Bloc-batterie comprenant une ou plusieurs cellules et un système de gestion de batterie pour surveiller et commander lesdites cellules

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102020000031718 2020-12-21
IT202000031718 2020-12-21

Publications (2)

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WO2022137114A2 true WO2022137114A2 (fr) 2022-06-30
WO2022137114A3 WO2022137114A3 (fr) 2022-11-24

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PCT/IB2021/062100 WO2022137114A2 (fr) 2020-12-21 2021-12-21 Bloc-batterie comprenant une ou plusieurs cellules et un système de gestion de batterie pour surveiller et commander lesdites cellules

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4264729A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022137114A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012029270A1 (fr) * 2010-08-30 2012-03-08 住友重機械工業株式会社 Pelle
US9564762B2 (en) * 2010-11-02 2017-02-07 Navitas Solutions Fault tolerant wireless battery area network for a smart battery management system
JP2012129183A (ja) * 2010-11-26 2012-07-05 Sony Corp 二次電池セル、電池パック及び電力消費機器
DE102015002072A1 (de) * 2015-02-18 2016-08-18 Audi Ag Einstellen von Ladungszuständen von Batteriezellen
WO2017028033A1 (fr) * 2015-08-14 2017-02-23 微宏动力系统（湖州）有限公司 Batterie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2022137114A3 (fr) 2022-11-24
EP4264729A2 (fr) 2023-10-25

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