WO2022136939A1 - A method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion - Google Patents

A method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2022136939A1
WO2022136939A1 PCT/IB2021/053838 IB2021053838W WO2022136939A1 WO 2022136939 A1 WO2022136939 A1 WO 2022136939A1 IB 2021053838 W IB2021053838 W IB 2021053838W WO 2022136939 A1 WO2022136939 A1 WO 2022136939A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solution
sirolimus
emulsion
organic solvent
drug
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2021/053838
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Samarth Zarad
Original Assignee
Samarth Zarad
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Samarth Zarad filed Critical Samarth Zarad
Publication of WO2022136939A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022136939A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127—Liposomes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/436—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a six-membered ring having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. rapamycin

Definitions

  • Embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method of preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent. More particularly, a non-ionic surfactant is used for formulating an aqueous/organic emulsion containing the liposome microcarrier.
  • Liposome, sphere-shaped vesicles are made up of one or more phospholipid bilayers consisting of single amphiphilic lipids or different lipids either charged or neutral. These liposomes can entrap the therapeutic molecules such as drugs, vaccines, enzymes, proteins, oligonucleotides, genetic material and other biomolecules. As a result, liposomes are widely used as carriers to deliver therapeutic drugs to the targeted cells for treatment of various ailments.
  • US20140363491A1 discloses a lipid-containing compositions, including targeted liposomes encapsulating drug and pharmaceutical formulations thereof as well as methods for making and using the lipid-containing compositions.
  • US20130337051A1 discloses encapsulation of substances with low aqueous solubility in liposomes via active loading, wherein it further states that active loading of liposomes with high liposome loading can be achieved by first solubilizing a functional compound, which is itself hardly soluble in water using a solubility enhancer and claims that this significantly increases the functional substance-to-lipid mass ratio levels above those attained by conventional active or passive loading techniques.
  • US20180161274A1 discloses liposome compositions comprising liposomes encapsulating cyclodextrins that both bear ionizable functional groups, such as on their solvent-exposed surfaces and encompasses the therapeutic agents.
  • a method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion comprises of a) dissolving a therapeutic drug and a lipid in an organic solvent; b) injecting the organic solution obtained from the step (a) into water to obtain a drug encapsulated liposome solution; c) separating the drug encapsulated liposome and the aqueous phase for an interfacial separation by a centrifugation process; d) modifying the size of the drug encapsulated liposome by a size extrusion process; and e) mixing a predefined quantity of mixture of a water insoluble organic solvent and a surfactant to create an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
  • the lipid is phospholipid
  • the therapeutic drug used for the encapsulation is selected from the group consisting of sirolimus, tacrolimus, paclitaxel, clobetasol, dexamethasone, genistein, heparin, beta-estadiol, rapamycin, everolimus, ethylrapamycin, zotarolimus, ABT-578, biolimus A9, docetaxel, methotrexate, azathioprine, vincristine, vinblastine, fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride, mitomycin, myomycine, novolimus, sodium heparin, a low molecular weight heparin, a heparinoid, hirudin, argatroban, forskolin, vapiprost, prostacyclin, a prostacyclin analogue, dextran, D-phe-pro-arg-chloromethyl
  • the water insoluble organic solvent is selected from a group consisting of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, cyclohexane, chloroform, diethyl ether, heptane, isooctane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl tert-butyl ether, pentane, toluene, trichloroethylene, xylene and diisopropyl ether.
  • the surfactant is polysorbate 80.
  • the emulsifier to formulate the water/organic emulsion is selected from a group consisting of tween-80, tween-60, tween 20, lauryl alcohol ethoxylate, tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, a cationic emulsifier, an anionic emulsifier, a zwitter ionic emulsifier and a non-ionic emulsifier.
  • the formulation of drug encapsulated liposome dosage consists of water/water insoluble organic solvent.
  • the emulsifier is used for formulating an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
  • the therapeutic drug and the phospholipid ratio is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 and 1:10.
  • 0.1 ppm to 100000 ppm emulsifier concentration prepared by dissolving the emulsifier in the water.
  • the encapsulation efficiency is 99.30%.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a method of preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a chromatogram for the standard solution of sirolimus and phospholipid in accordance with example 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPEC for the calculation of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution S 1 to determine the sirolimus encapsulation efficiency in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the size distribution of drug encapsulated liposome particles as detected by Malvern master sizer 2000 in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d illustrates the TEM transmission electron microscopy of sphericalshaped sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution A9 to determine the concentration of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a chromatogram for the standard solution in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPEC for the calculation of concentration of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution Pl in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPEC for the calculation of a dosage linearity of solution S2 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to an emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine in solution P2 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S3 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to an emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine in solution P3 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S4 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine to emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution P4 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S5 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution P5 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S6 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a linearity coefficient of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine respectively to the emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 19 illustrates a linearity coefficient of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine respectively to the emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion.
  • the method comprises of dissolving a therapeutic drug and a lipid in an organic solvent, injecting the organic solution obtained into water to obtain a drug encapsulated liposome solution; separating the drug encapsulated liposome and the aqueous phase for an interfacial separation by a centrifugation process; modifying the size of the drug encapsulated liposome by a size extrusion process; and mixing a predefined quantity of mixture of a water insoluble organic solvent and a surfactant to create an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a method of preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion comprising at step 102 dissolving a therapeutic drug and a lipid in an organic solvent.
  • step 106 separating the drug encapsulated liposome and the aqueous phase for an interfacial separation by a centrifugation process.
  • step 108 modifying the size of the drug encapsulated liposome by a size extrusion process; and at step 110, mixing a predefined quantity of mixture of a water insoluble organic solvent and a surfactant to create an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
  • the lipid is phospholipid
  • the therapeutic drug used for the encapsulation is selected from the group consisting of sirolimus, tacrolimus, paclitaxel, clobetasol, dexamethasone, genistein, heparin, beta-estadiol, rapamycin, everolimus, ethylrapamycin, zotarolimus, ABT-578, biolimus A9, docetaxel, methotrexate, azathioprine, vincristine, vinblastine, fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride, mitomycin, myomycine, novolimus, sodium heparin, a low molecular weight heparin, a heparinoid, hirudin, argatroban, forskolin, vapiprost, prostacyclin, a prostacyclin analogue, dextran, D-phe-pro-arg-chloromethylketone
  • the water insoluble organic solvent is selected from a group consisting of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, cyclohexane, chloroform, diethyl ether, heptane, isooctane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl tert-butyl ether, pentane, toluene, trichloroethylene, xylene and diisopropyl ether.
  • the surfactant is polysorbate 80.
  • the emulsifier to formulate the water/organic emulsion is selected from a group consisting of tween-80, tween-60, tween 20, lauryl alcohol ethoxylate, tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, a cationic emulsifier, an anionic emulsifier, a zwitter ionic emulsifier and a non-ionic emulsifier.
  • the formulation of drug encapsulated liposome dosage consists of water/water insoluble organic solvent.
  • the emulsifier is used for formulating an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
  • the therapeutic drug and the phospholipid ratio is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 and 1:10.
  • the therapeutic drug and the phospholipid ratio is 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1 and 10:1.
  • 0.1 ppm to 100000 ppm emulsifier concentration prepared by dissolving the emulsifier in the water insoluble organic solvent.
  • 0.1 ppm to 100000 ppm emulsifier concentration prepared by dissolving the emulsifier in the water.
  • the encapsulation efficiency is 99.30%.
  • Egg phospholipid was obtained from Lipoid GMBH, containing Phosphatidylcholine (80%-85%) to be used as lipid.
  • the therapeutic drug sirolimus is obtained from Biocon, India with purity greater than 99.9%.
  • the water, other solvents and reagents used are of HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) grade.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a chromatogram for the standard solution of sirolimus and phospholipid in accordance with example 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution SI to determine the sirolimus encapsulation efficiency in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure, wherein the sirolimus encapsulation efficiency was observed as 99.30%.
  • sirolimus encapsulated liposome After the completion of the centrifugation, the remaining solid residue is designated as sirolimus encapsulated liposome.
  • the Sirolimus encapsulated Liposome is collected in 250ml glass beaker and 50ml of HPLC grade water followed by ultrasonic homogenisation for 30 minutes to obtain solution A7. Further, the solution A7 is passed through 35 micron filter paper while maintaining the temperature between 50° to 60° degree Celsius, the process of filtration is repeated for 15 cycles to obtain solution A8.
  • solution A8 is transferred to rotary evaporator to remove solvent traces (at 25°C) temperature and 700mmHg vacuum with approximately 100 rpm to obtain solution A9.
  • the obtained solution A9 is subsequently analysed for particle size distribution by Malvern master sizer 2000 and solution A9 is subsequently analysed under transmission electron microscopy TEM by JEOL Japan, Model JEM-2100, wherein 10%, 50% and 90% particle size of sirolimus encapsulated liposome was found below 1.430pm, 8.080pm and 31.136pm respectively.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the size distribution of drug encapsulated liposome particles as detected by Malvern master sizer 2000 in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5a, b, c and d illustrates the TEM transmission electron microscopy of spherical- shaped sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution A9 to determine the concentration of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure, wherein the concentration of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine was observed as 1937pg/ml and 4849pg/ml respectively.
  • the percentage recovery of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine obtained is 93.62% and 82.72% respectively.
  • 150mg/litre of Tween 80 solution in ethyl acetate is prepared by dissolving 150mg of Tween 80 in 1000ml of ethyl acetate to obtain solution Bl.
  • solution Bl 5ml of solution Bl is transferred to the 10ml of volumetric flask and subsequently 0.5ml of solution A9 is added to the 10ml volumetric flask containing 5ml solution Bl to obtain solution S2, 10% v/v emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome.
  • An emulsion identification test is carried out by a dilution method with centrifugation of solution S2 at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes.
  • the emulsion is separated into an aqueous and an ethyl acetate layer, wherein 1ml of ethyl acetate layer is collected in 2ml of volumetric flask and mixed with 1ml of Isopropyl alcohol to obtain solution Pl.
  • the solution Pl is subsequently analysed by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for determination of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine concentration.
  • HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a chromatogram for the standard solution in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution Pl in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a chromatogram for the standard solution in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of a dosage linearity of solution S2 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to an emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • the emulsion identification test carried out by the dilution method proceeds with centrifugation of solution S3 at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes.
  • the emulsion is separated into aqueous and ethyl acetate layer, 1ml of collected ethyl acetate layer is added to 2ml volumetric flask and mixed with 1ml isopropyl alcohol to obtain solution P2.
  • the solution P2 is subsequently analysed by the HPLC for determination of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine concentration. The sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine were not detected in solution P2 and the result is confirmed by the emulsion formulation in solution S3.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine in solution P2 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • the dosage concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine is evaluated by dissolving emulsion solution S3 in isopropyl alcohol and analysed by the HPLC resultant emulsion solution S3 containing 1918 pg dosage of sirolimus and 4915 pg dosage of phosphatidylcholine in water/ethyl acetate emulsion.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S3 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to an emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • the emulsion identification test is carried out by a dilution method to proceed with centrifugation of solution S4 at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes.
  • the emulsion is separated into an aqueous and ethyl acetate layer, 1ml of collected ethyl acetate layer in 2ml volumetric flask and mixed with 1ml isopropyl alcohol to obtain solution P3.
  • the solution P3 is subsequently analysed by HPLC for determination of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine concentration.
  • the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine was not detected in solution P3. This result confirms the emulsion formulation in solution S4.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine in solution P3 in accordance with the example of the present disclosure.
  • the dosage concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine was evaluated by dissolving emulsion solution S4 in isopropyl alcohol and is analysed by HPLC.
  • resultant emulsion solution S4 contains 2844 pg dosage of the sirolimus and 7229 pg dosage of the phosphatidylcholine in water/ethyl acetate emulsion.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S4 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine to emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • the emulsion identification test is carried out by a dilution method to proceed with a centrifugation of solution S5 at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes.
  • the emulsion is separated into an aqueous and ethyl acetate layer, wherein 1ml of collected ethyl acetate layer in 2ml volumetric flask and mixed with 1ml isopropyl alcohol to obtain solution P4.
  • the obtained solution P4 is subsequently analysed by HPLC for determination of the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine concentration.
  • the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine were not detected in solution P4 which confirms the emulsion formulation in solution S5.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine in solution P4 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • the dosage concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine was evaluated by dissolving emulsion solution S5 in isopropyl alcohol and is further analysed by HPLC.
  • the resultant emulsion solution S5 contains 3852pg dosage of sirolimus and 9948pg dosage of phosphatidylcholine in water/ethyl acetate emulsion.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S5 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the emulsion identification test is carried out by a dilution method to proceed with centrifugation of solution S6 at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes.
  • the emulsion is separated into an aqueous and ethyl acetate layer, 1ml of collected ethyl acetate layer in 2ml volumetric flask and mixed with 1ml isopropyl alcohol to obtain solution P5.
  • the solution P5 is subsequently analysed by the HPLC for determination of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine concentration.
  • the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine were not detected in solution P5. This results confirm the emulsion formulation in solution S6.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S6 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • the dosage concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine was evaluated by dissolving emulsion solution S6 in Isopropyl alcohol and analyse by HPLC Resultant emulsion solution S6 contain 6831 pg dosage of sirolimus and 17057 pg dosage of Phosphatidylcholine in water/ethyl acetate emulsion.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S6 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
  • %RSD relative standard deviation
  • the corelation coefficient of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine is observed as 0.9999 and 0.9999 respectively. This corelation coefficient reveals the dosage uniformity of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine with respect to volume of solution A9.
  • FIG 19 illustrates a linearity coefficient of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine respectively to the emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present disclosure discloses a novel drug delivery system comprising of water/organic emulsion consisting of drug encapsulated liposome micro carrier, dissolution of drug and biological agent in DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) and Dichloromethane solvent using the polysorbate 80 surfactant. Then centrifugation of drug encapsulated liposome solution for interfacial separation of drug encapsulated liposome and aqueous phase.
  • DMSO Dimethyl Sulfoxide
  • the liposome is subjected to size extrusion by the ultrasound homogenization followed by the extruder process and the residue of the organic phase is extracted by the rotary evaporator. Then a specific amount of aqueous solution of drug encapsulated liposome is added in the predetermined quantity of mixture of water insoluble organic solvent and the surfactant creates an emulsion of aqueous phase containing drug encapsulated liposome and water insoluble organic solvent.
  • the drug encapsulation efficiency is evaluated above 99%, which overcomes the drug encapsulation limitation of less efficient conventional methods. More particularly, the present invention discloses a new drug delivery method by formulating emulsion of aqueous phase containing drug encapsulated liposome in water insoluble organic solvents which resolve the limitation of usage of aqueous medium for drug delivery.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion is disclosed. The method comprises of dissolving a therapeutic drug and a lipid in an organic solvent; b) injecting the organic solution obtained from the step (a) into water to obtain a drug encapsulated liposome solution; c) separating the drug encapsulated liposome and the aqueous phase for an interfacial separation by a centrifugation process; d) modifying the size of the drug encapsulated liposome by a size extrusion process; and e) mixing a predefined quantity of mixture of a water insoluble organic solvent and a surfactant to create an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.

Description

A METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF A DRUG ENCAPSULATED LIPOSOME IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT EMULSION
EARLIEST PRIORITY DATE:
This Application claims priority from a Provisional patent application filed in India having Patent Application No. 202021055438, filed on December 21, 2020 and titled “FORMULATION OF DRUG ENCAPSULATED LIPOSOME IN WATER/ORGANIC SOLVENT EMULSION.”
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method of preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent. More particularly, a non-ionic surfactant is used for formulating an aqueous/organic emulsion containing the liposome microcarrier.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Liposome, sphere-shaped vesicles are made up of one or more phospholipid bilayers consisting of single amphiphilic lipids or different lipids either charged or neutral. These liposomes can entrap the therapeutic molecules such as drugs, vaccines, enzymes, proteins, oligonucleotides, genetic material and other biomolecules. As a result, liposomes are widely used as carriers to deliver therapeutic drugs to the targeted cells for treatment of various ailments.
Manufacturing liposome and achieving targeted drug delivery has been a prime objective of designing delivery system for many years. Various methods has been developed and tested, including encapsulation of drug through liposome in aqueous and water-soluble organic solvent medium.
Further numerous processes have been developed for liposome creation, mixing alcoholic solution of lipid in aqueous phase, dissolving lipid in ethanolic solution followed by evaporation of solvent then after hydration with aqueous buffer solution. There remains a need for developing a process to enhance the product yield and delivery system. Overcoming the barrier of water and water-soluble solvent medium, enlarging the applicability in water non-miscible solvents, commercial viability, cost-effectiveness while preserving immunological and physiochemical characteristics of drug encapsulated liposome arising from conventional formulation processes.
The prior art US20140363491A1 discloses a lipid-containing compositions, including targeted liposomes encapsulating drug and pharmaceutical formulations thereof as well as methods for making and using the lipid-containing compositions.
US20130337051A1 discloses encapsulation of substances with low aqueous solubility in liposomes via active loading, wherein it further states that active loading of liposomes with high liposome loading can be achieved by first solubilizing a functional compound, which is itself hardly soluble in water using a solubility enhancer and claims that this significantly increases the functional substance-to-lipid mass ratio levels above those attained by conventional active or passive loading techniques.
US20180161274A1 discloses liposome compositions comprising liposomes encapsulating cyclodextrins that both bear ionizable functional groups, such as on their solvent-exposed surfaces and encompasses the therapeutic agents.
However, the existing conventional methods as well as the state of the art available art does not address the issues such as drug encapsulation efficiency, limitations in using aqueous medium for drug delivery and the like.
Therefore, there is a need for an alternative drug delivery methodology which overcomes the aforementioned limitations. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion comprises of a) dissolving a therapeutic drug and a lipid in an organic solvent; b) injecting the organic solution obtained from the step (a) into water to obtain a drug encapsulated liposome solution; c) separating the drug encapsulated liposome and the aqueous phase for an interfacial separation by a centrifugation process; d) modifying the size of the drug encapsulated liposome by a size extrusion process; and e) mixing a predefined quantity of mixture of a water insoluble organic solvent and a surfactant to create an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the lipid is phospholipid.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the therapeutic drug used for the encapsulation is selected from the group consisting of sirolimus, tacrolimus, paclitaxel, clobetasol, dexamethasone, genistein, heparin, beta-estadiol, rapamycin, everolimus, ethylrapamycin, zotarolimus, ABT-578, biolimus A9, docetaxel, methotrexate, azathioprine, vincristine, vinblastine, fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride, mitomycin, myomycine, novolimus, sodium heparin, a low molecular weight heparin, a heparinoid, hirudin, argatroban, forskolin, vapiprost, prostacyclin, a prostacyclin analogue, dextran, D-phe-pro-arg-chloromethylketone, dipyridamole, glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa, recombinant hirudin, bivalirudin, nifedipine, colchicines, lovastatin, nitroprusside, suramin, a serotonin blocker, a steroid, a thioprotease inhibitor, triazolopyrimidine, a nitric oxide or nitric oxide donor, a super oxide dismutase, a super oxide dismutase mimetic, estradiol, aspirin, angiopeptin, captopril, cilazapril, lisinopril, permirolast potassium, alpha-interferon, bioactive RGD and salts, esters or analogues thereof.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the water insoluble organic solvent is selected from a group consisting of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, cyclohexane, chloroform, diethyl ether, heptane, isooctane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl tert-butyl ether, pentane, toluene, trichloroethylene, xylene and diisopropyl ether.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the surfactant is polysorbate 80.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the emulsifier to formulate the water/organic emulsion is selected from a group consisting of tween-80, tween-60, tween 20, lauryl alcohol ethoxylate, tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, a cationic emulsifier, an anionic emulsifier, a zwitter ionic emulsifier and a non-ionic emulsifier.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the formulation of drug encapsulated liposome dosage consists of water/water insoluble organic solvent.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the emulsifier is used for formulating an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the therapeutic drug and the phospholipid ratio is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 and 1:10.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the therapeutic drug and the phospholipid ratio is 2:1, 3: 1,4: 1,5: 1,6: 1,7: 1,8: 1,9:1 and 10:1.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 0.1 ppm to 100000 ppm emulsifier concentration prepared by dissolving the emulsifier in the water insoluble organic solvent.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein, 0.1 ppm to 100000 ppm emulsifier concentration prepared by dissolving the emulsifier in the water. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the encapsulation efficiency is 99.30%.
To further clarify the advantages and features of the present disclosure, a more particular description of the disclosure will follow by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended figures. It is to be appreciated that these figures depict only typical embodiments of the disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting in scope. The disclosure will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the appended figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The disclosure will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying figures in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a method of preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 illustrates a chromatogram for the standard solution of sirolimus and phospholipid in accordance with example 1 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPEC for the calculation of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution S 1 to determine the sirolimus encapsulation efficiency in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 4 illustrates the size distribution of drug encapsulated liposome particles as detected by Malvern master sizer 2000 in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure. FIG. 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d illustrates the TEM transmission electron microscopy of sphericalshaped sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 6 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution A9 to determine the concentration of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 7 illustrates a chromatogram for the standard solution in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 8 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPEC for the calculation of concentration of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution Pl in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 9 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPEC for the calculation of a dosage linearity of solution S2 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to an emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 10 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine in solution P2 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 11 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S3 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to an emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure. FIG. 12 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine in solution P3 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 13 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S4 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine to emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 14 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution P4 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 15 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S5 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 16 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution P5 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 17 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S6 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
FIG. 18 illustrates a linearity coefficient of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine respectively to the emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG 19 illustrates a linearity coefficient of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine respectively to the emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the figures by conventional symbols, and the figures may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the figures with details that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the description herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the figures and specific language will be used to describe them. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended. Such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the disclosure as would normally occur to those skilled in the art are to be construed as being within the scope of the present disclosure.
The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such a process or method. Appearances of the phrase "in an embodiment", "in another embodiment" and similar language throughout this specification may, but not necessarily do, all refer to the same embodiment.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The examples provided herein are only illustrative and not intended to be limiting. In the following specification and the claims, reference will be made to a number of terms, which shall be defined to have the following meanings. The singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The present disclosure relates to a method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion. The method comprises of dissolving a therapeutic drug and a lipid in an organic solvent, injecting the organic solution obtained into water to obtain a drug encapsulated liposome solution; separating the drug encapsulated liposome and the aqueous phase for an interfacial separation by a centrifugation process; modifying the size of the drug encapsulated liposome by a size extrusion process; and mixing a predefined quantity of mixture of a water insoluble organic solvent and a surfactant to create an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
FIG. 1 illustrates a method of preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion comprising at step 102 dissolving a therapeutic drug and a lipid in an organic solvent. At step 104, injecting the organic solution obtained from the step 102 into water to obtain a drug encapsulated liposome solution. At step 106, separating the drug encapsulated liposome and the aqueous phase for an interfacial separation by a centrifugation process. At step 108, modifying the size of the drug encapsulated liposome by a size extrusion process; and at step 110, mixing a predefined quantity of mixture of a water insoluble organic solvent and a surfactant to create an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the lipid is phospholipid.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the therapeutic drug used for the encapsulation is selected from the group consisting of sirolimus, tacrolimus, paclitaxel, clobetasol, dexamethasone, genistein, heparin, beta-estadiol, rapamycin, everolimus, ethylrapamycin, zotarolimus, ABT-578, biolimus A9, docetaxel, methotrexate, azathioprine, vincristine, vinblastine, fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride, mitomycin, myomycine, novolimus, sodium heparin, a low molecular weight heparin, a heparinoid, hirudin, argatroban, forskolin, vapiprost, prostacyclin, a prostacyclin analogue, dextran, D-phe-pro-arg-chloromethylketone, dipyridamole, glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa, recombinant hirudin, bivalirudin, nifedipine, colchicines, lovastatin, nitroprusside, suramin, a serotonin blocker, a steroid, a thioprotease inhibitor, triazolopyrimidine, a nitric oxide or nitric oxide donor, a super oxide dismutase, a super oxide dismutase mimetic, estradiol, aspirin, angiopeptin, captopril, cilazapril, lisinopril, permirolast potassium, alpha-interferon, bioactive RGD and salts, esters or analogues thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the water insoluble organic solvent is selected from a group consisting of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, cyclohexane, chloroform, diethyl ether, heptane, isooctane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl tert-butyl ether, pentane, toluene, trichloroethylene, xylene and diisopropyl ether.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the surfactant is polysorbate 80.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the emulsifier to formulate the water/organic emulsion is selected from a group consisting of tween-80, tween-60, tween 20, lauryl alcohol ethoxylate, tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, a cationic emulsifier, an anionic emulsifier, a zwitter ionic emulsifier and a non-ionic emulsifier.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the formulation of drug encapsulated liposome dosage consists of water/water insoluble organic solvent. According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the emulsifier is used for formulating an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the therapeutic drug and the phospholipid ratio is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 and 1:10.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the therapeutic drug and the phospholipid ratio is 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1 and 10:1.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 0.1 ppm to 100000 ppm emulsifier concentration prepared by dissolving the emulsifier in the water insoluble organic solvent.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein, 0.1 ppm to 100000 ppm emulsifier concentration prepared by dissolving the emulsifier in the water.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the encapsulation efficiency is 99.30%.
Example 1
Egg phospholipid was obtained from Lipoid GMBH, containing Phosphatidylcholine (80%-85%) to be used as lipid. The therapeutic drug sirolimus is obtained from Biocon, India with purity greater than 99.9%. The water, other solvents and reagents used are of HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) grade.
Next, 103.47mg of sirolimus was dissolved in 1ml of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to obtain solution Al and 1ml of Dichloromethane (DCM) is added to solution Al and mixed well to obtain solution A2. Further 293.08mg of Egg phospholipid was dissolved in 1ml of Dichloromethane (DCM) to obtain solution A3. Next, solution A2 is added to solution A3 and mixed well to obtain solution A4 containing Sirolimus: Phospholipid ratio of 1:3. Further 150mg of Tween 80 is dissolved in 1000ml HPLC grade water to obtain solution A5. Next 50ml of solution A5 is added to 100ml of glass beaker and added drop by drop to the solution A4 to solution A5 with constant stirring and maintaining temperature between 22 to 27° Celsius to obtain aqueous solution A6 containing sirolimus encapsulated phospholipid particles (Liposome) and untapped (free) sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine. Further, the aqueous solution A6 is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 minutes, and then the obtained supernatant aqueous solution SI is subject to analysis for encapsulation efficiency of sirolimus. FIG. 2 illustrates a chromatogram for the standard solution of sirolimus and phospholipid in accordance with example 1 of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution SI to determine the sirolimus encapsulation efficiency in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure, wherein the sirolimus encapsulation efficiency was observed as 99.30%.
Calculation for determination of the sirolimus encapsulation efficiency: a) Calculation of determination of the sirolimus concentration in solution SI:
Figure imgf000014_0001
Figure imgf000015_0001
b) Calculation of Sirolimus encapsulation efficiency (%EE) in solution SI
Figure imgf000015_0002
After the completion of the centrifugation, the remaining solid residue is designated as sirolimus encapsulated liposome. Next the Sirolimus encapsulated Liposome is collected in 250ml glass beaker and 50ml of HPLC grade water followed by ultrasonic homogenisation for 30 minutes to obtain solution A7. Further, the solution A7 is passed through 35 micron filter paper while maintaining the temperature between 50° to 60° degree Celsius, the process of filtration is repeated for 15 cycles to obtain solution A8.
Next, the solution A8 is transferred to rotary evaporator to remove solvent traces (at 25°C) temperature and 700mmHg vacuum with approximately 100 rpm to obtain solution A9. The obtained solution A9 is subsequently analysed for particle size distribution by Malvern master sizer 2000 and solution A9 is subsequently analysed under transmission electron microscopy TEM by JEOL Japan, Model JEM-2100, wherein 10%, 50% and 90% particle size of sirolimus encapsulated liposome was found below 1.430pm, 8.080pm and 31.136pm respectively. Figure 4 illustrates the size distribution of drug encapsulated liposome particles as detected by Malvern master sizer 2000 in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure.
The solution A9 is subsequently analysed for transmission electron microscopy TEM by JEOPL Japan, Model JEM-2100. FIG. 5a, b, c and d illustrates the TEM transmission electron microscopy of spherical- shaped sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure.
Further the solution A9 is subsequently analyzed for the determination of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine concentration and percentage recovery by HPLC. FIG. 6 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution A9 to determine the concentration of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in accordance with the example 1 of the present disclosure, wherein the concentration of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine was observed as 1937pg/ml and 4849pg/ml respectively. The percentage recovery of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine obtained is 93.62% and 82.72% respectively.
Calculate the concentration of Sirolimus in solution A9 by below formula:
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000017_0001
Calculate the concentration of the phosphatidylcholine in solution A9 by below formula:
Figure imgf000017_0002
Calculate % recovery of the sirolimus in solution A9 as per below formula:
Figure imgf000017_0003
Calculate % recovery of the phosphatidylcholine in solution A9 as per below formula:
Figure imgf000018_0001
Example 2
Preparation of emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome:
150mg/litre of Tween 80 solution in ethyl acetate is prepared by dissolving 150mg of Tween 80 in 1000ml of ethyl acetate to obtain solution Bl.
10% v/v emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome:
5ml of solution Bl is transferred to the 10ml of volumetric flask and subsequently 0.5ml of solution A9 is added to the 10ml volumetric flask containing 5ml solution Bl to obtain solution S2, 10% v/v emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome.
An emulsion identification test is carried out by a dilution method with centrifugation of solution S2 at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. The emulsion is separated into an aqueous and an ethyl acetate layer, wherein 1ml of ethyl acetate layer is collected in 2ml of volumetric flask and mixed with 1ml of Isopropyl alcohol to obtain solution Pl. The solution Pl is subsequently analysed by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for determination of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine concentration. The sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine were not detected in solution Pl, wherein this outcome confirms the emulsion formulation in solution S2. FIG. 7 illustrates a chromatogram for the standard solution in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine in solution Pl in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
The dosage concentration of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine was evaluated by dissolving the emulsion solution S2 in Isopropyl alcohol and analysed by the HPLC. The resultant emulsion solution S2 contains 955pg dosage of sirolimus and 2415pg dosage of phosphatidylcholine in water/ethyl acetate emulsion. FIG. 7 illustrates a chromatogram for the standard solution in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of a dosage linearity of solution S2 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to an emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
20% v/v Emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome: 5ml of solution Bl is transferred to the 10ml volumetric flask and subsequently 1.0ml of solution A9 is added to the 1ml volumetric flask containing 5ml of solution Bl to obtain solution S3, 20% v/v emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome is obtained.
The emulsion identification test carried out by the dilution method proceeds with centrifugation of solution S3 at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. The emulsion is separated into aqueous and ethyl acetate layer, 1ml of collected ethyl acetate layer is added to 2ml volumetric flask and mixed with 1ml isopropyl alcohol to obtain solution P2. The solution P2 is subsequently analysed by the HPLC for determination of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine concentration. The sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine were not detected in solution P2 and the result is confirmed by the emulsion formulation in solution S3. FIG. 10 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine in solution P2 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure. The dosage concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine is evaluated by dissolving emulsion solution S3 in isopropyl alcohol and analysed by the HPLC resultant emulsion solution S3 containing 1918 pg dosage of sirolimus and 4915 pg dosage of phosphatidylcholine in water/ethyl acetate emulsion. FIG. 11 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S3 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to an emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
30% v/v emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome: 5ml of solution Bl is transferred to the 10ml volumetric flask and 1.5ml of solution A9 is subsequently added to the 10ml volumetric flask containing 5ml of solution Bl to obtain solution S4, 30% v/v emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome.
The emulsion identification test is carried out by a dilution method to proceed with centrifugation of solution S4 at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. The emulsion is separated into an aqueous and ethyl acetate layer, 1ml of collected ethyl acetate layer in 2ml volumetric flask and mixed with 1ml isopropyl alcohol to obtain solution P3. The solution P3 is subsequently analysed by HPLC for determination of sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine concentration. The sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine was not detected in solution P3. This result confirms the emulsion formulation in solution S4. FIG. 12 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine in solution P3 in accordance with the example of the present disclosure.
The dosage concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine was evaluated by dissolving emulsion solution S4 in isopropyl alcohol and is analysed by HPLC. resultant emulsion solution S4 contains 2844 pg dosage of the sirolimus and 7229 pg dosage of the phosphatidylcholine in water/ethyl acetate emulsion. FIG. 13 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S4 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine to emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
40% v/v Emulsion of water/Ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped Liposome: 5ml of solution Bl is transferred to the 10ml of volumetric flask and subsequently 2.0ml of solution A9 is added to the 10ml volumetric flask containing 5ml solution Bl to obtain solution S5, 40% v/v emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped Liposome is obtained.
The emulsion identification test is carried out by a dilution method to proceed with a centrifugation of solution S5 at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. The emulsion is separated into an aqueous and ethyl acetate layer, wherein 1ml of collected ethyl acetate layer in 2ml volumetric flask and mixed with 1ml isopropyl alcohol to obtain solution P4. The obtained solution P4 is subsequently analysed by HPLC for determination of the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine concentration. The sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine were not detected in solution P4 which confirms the emulsion formulation in solution S5. FIG. 14 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine in solution P4 in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
The dosage concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine was evaluated by dissolving emulsion solution S5 in isopropyl alcohol and is further analysed by HPLC. The resultant emulsion solution S5 contains 3852pg dosage of sirolimus and 9948pg dosage of phosphatidylcholine in water/ethyl acetate emulsion. FIG. 15 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S5 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine to emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
70% v/v Emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped Liposome: 5 ml of solution Bl is transferred to the 10ml volumetric flask, and 3.5 ml of solution A9 is subsequently added to the 10ml volumetric flask containing 5ml solution Bl to obtain solution S6, 70% v/v emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing sirolimus entrapped liposome is obtained.
The emulsion identification test is carried out by a dilution method to proceed with centrifugation of solution S6 at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. The emulsion is separated into an aqueous and ethyl acetate layer, 1ml of collected ethyl acetate layer in 2ml volumetric flask and mixed with 1ml isopropyl alcohol to obtain solution P5. The solution P5 is subsequently analysed by the HPLC for determination of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine concentration. The sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine were not detected in solution P5. This results confirm the emulsion formulation in solution S6. FIG. 17 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S6 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
The dosage concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine was evaluated by dissolving emulsion solution S6 in Isopropyl alcohol and analyse by HPLC Resultant emulsion solution S6 contain 6831 pg dosage of sirolimus and 17057 pg dosage of Phosphatidylcholine in water/ethyl acetate emulsion. FIG. 17 illustrates a chromatogram obtained by HPLC for the calculation of dosage linearity of solution S6 to determine the concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine entrapped liposome in accordance with the example 2 of the present disclosure.
The relative standard deviation (%RSD) of concentration of the sirolimus and phosphatidylcholine found as 1.08% and 1.31 respectively. % RSD confirms the uniform dosage concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine in solution A9.
Calculation of the Sirolimus and Phosphatidylcholine uniformity:
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000023_0001
Figure imgf000023_0005
Figure imgf000023_0003
Figure imgf000023_0004
Figure imgf000023_0002
The dosage corelation coefficient derived between ml of solution A9 taken for dosage preparation vs pg of concentration of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine found in emulsion solution S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6. The corelation coefficient of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine is observed as 0.9999 and 0.9999 respectively. This corelation coefficient reveals the dosage uniformity of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine with respect to volume of solution A9. FIG. 18 and FIG 19 illustrates a linearity coefficient of the sirolimus and the phosphatidylcholine respectively to the emulsion of water/ethyl acetate containing the sirolimus entrapped liposome in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure imgf000024_0001
Figure imgf000024_0002
Overall, the present disclosure discloses a novel drug delivery system comprising of water/organic emulsion consisting of drug encapsulated liposome micro carrier, dissolution of drug and biological agent in DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) and Dichloromethane solvent using the polysorbate 80 surfactant. Then centrifugation of drug encapsulated liposome solution for interfacial separation of drug encapsulated liposome and aqueous phase. Further, the liposome is subjected to size extrusion by the ultrasound homogenization followed by the extruder process and the residue of the organic phase is extracted by the rotary evaporator. Then a specific amount of aqueous solution of drug encapsulated liposome is added in the predetermined quantity of mixture of water insoluble organic solvent and the surfactant creates an emulsion of aqueous phase containing drug encapsulated liposome and water insoluble organic solvent.
By the methodology proposed in the present disclosure, the drug encapsulation efficiency is evaluated above 99%, which overcomes the drug encapsulation limitation of less efficient conventional methods. More particularly, the present invention discloses a new drug delivery method by formulating emulsion of aqueous phase containing drug encapsulated liposome in water insoluble organic solvents which resolve the limitation of usage of aqueous medium for drug delivery.
While specific language has been used to describe the disclosure, any limitations arising on account of the same are not intended. As would be apparent to a person skilled in the art, various working modifications may be made to the method in order to implement the inventive concept as taught herein.
The figures and the foregoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, order of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts need to be necessarily performed. Also, those acts that are not dependant on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples.

Claims

I CLAIM:
1. A method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion, comprising: a) dissolving a therapeutic drug and a lipid in an organic solvent; b) injecting the organic solution obtained from the step (a) into water to obtain a drug encapsulated liposome solution; c) separating the drug encapsulated liposome and the aqueous phase for an interfacial separation by a centrifugation process; d) modifying the size of the drug encapsulated liposome by a size extrusion process; and e) mixing a predefined quantity of mixture of a water insoluble organic solvent and a surfactant to create an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lipid is phospholipid.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the therapeutic drug used for the encapsulation is selected from the group consisting of sirolimus, tacrolimus, paclitaxel, clobetasol, dexamethasone, genistein, heparin, beta-estadiol, rapamycin, everolimus, ethylrapamycin, zotarolimus, ABT-578, biolimus A9, docetaxel, methotrexate, azathioprine, vincristine, vinblastine, fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride, mitomycin, myomycine, novolimus, sodium heparin, a low molecular weight heparin, a heparinoid, hirudin, argatroban, forskolin, vapiprost, prostacyclin, a prostacyclin analogue, dextran, D-phe-pro-arg-chloromethylketone, dipyridamole, glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa, recombinant hirudin, bivalirudin, nifedipine, colchicines, lovastatin, nitroprusside, suramin, a serotonin blocker, a steroid, a thioprotease inhibitor, triazolopyrimidine, a nitric oxide or nitric oxide donor, a super oxide
24 dismutase, a super oxide dismutase mimetic, estradiol, aspirin, angiopeptin, captopril, cilazapril, lisinopril, permirolast potassium, alpha-interferon, bioactive RGD and salts, esters or analogues thereof.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water insoluble organic solvent is selected from a group consisting of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, cyclohexane, chloroform, diethyl ether, heptane, isooctane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl tert-butyl ether, pentane, toluene, trichloroethylene, xylene and diisopropyl ether.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surfactant is polysorbate 80.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the emulsifier to formulate the water/organic emulsion is selected from a group consisting of tween-80, tween-60, tween 20, lauryl alcohol ethoxylate, tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, a cationic emulsifier, an anionic emulsifier, a zwitter ionic emulsifier and a non-ionic emulsifier.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation of drug encapsulated liposome dosage consists of water/water insoluble organic solvent.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is used for formulating an emulsion of aqueous phase containing the drug encapsulated liposome and the water insoluble organic solvent.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the therapeutic drug and the phospholipid ratio is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 and 1:10.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the therapeutic drug and the phospholipid ratio is 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1 and 10:1.
11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 0.1 ppm to 100000 ppm emulsifier concentration prepared by dissolving the emulsifier in the water insoluble organic solvent.
12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, 0.1 ppm to 100000 ppm emulsifier concentration prepared by dissolving the emulsifier in the water.
13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drug encapsulation efficiency is 99.30%.
14. The method as claim in claim 1, where the drug encapsulated Liposome size reduce between 0.01pm to 30pm.
PCT/IB2021/053838 2020-12-21 2021-05-06 A method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion WO2022136939A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN202021055438 2020-12-21
IN202021055438 2020-12-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022136939A1 true WO2022136939A1 (en) 2022-06-30

Family

ID=82158863

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2021/053838 WO2022136939A1 (en) 2020-12-21 2021-05-06 A method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2022136939A1 (en)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009020094A1 (en) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-12 Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited Antibody modified with hydrophobic molecule

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009020094A1 (en) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-12 Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited Antibody modified with hydrophobic molecule

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ABOLFAZL AKBARZADEH ET AL: "N Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications", 1 January 2013 (2013-01-01), XP055178982, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/pdf/1556-276X-8-102.pdf> [retrieved on 20150324], DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-102 *
VERMA NAVNEET KUMAR, ROSHAN ASHA: "Liposomes: A Targeted Drug Delivery System-A Review ", ACTA MEDICA SCIENTIA, 1 March 2015 (2015-03-01), pages 65 - 70, XP055952017 *

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Andra et al. A comprehensive review on novel liposomal methodologies, commercial formulations, clinical trials and patents
Scioli Montoto et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles for drug delivery: pharmacological and biopharmaceutical aspects
CN101426479B (en) Stable nanocapsule systems for the administration of active molecules
Kumar et al. High melting lipid based approach for drug delivery: Solid lipid nanoparticles
Kim et al. Microfluidics synthesis of gene silencing cubosomes
Hussain et al. Regulation of drug release by tuning surface textures of biodegradable polymer microparticles
Çağdaş et al. Liposomes as potential drug carrier systems for drug delivery
JP5513713B2 (en) Compositions that produce non-layered dispersions
Abdelrahman et al. Response surface optimization, Ex vivo and In vivo investigation of nasal spanlastics for bioavailability enhancement and brain targeting of risperidone
EP3391875B1 (en) Method for preparing polymeric micelle containing anionic drug
EP2502617B1 (en) Process for production of w/o/w emulsion, process for production of liposome employing the process, and porous membrane for use in the methods
JP5983608B2 (en) Liposome-containing preparation using dissolution aid and method for producing the same
EP1543841A1 (en) Soild nano pharmaceutical formulation and preparation method thereof
Abd-Elsalam et al. Span 80/TPGS modified lipid-coated chitosan nanocomplexes of acyclovir as a topical delivery system for viral skin infections
Patel Liposome: a novel carrier for targeting drug delivery system
Rani et al. Murraya koenigii extract loaded phytosomes prepared using antisolvent precipitation technique for improved antidiabetic and hypolidemic activity
Chauhan et al. Development and characterization of micelles for nucleolin-targeted co-delivery of docetaxel and upconversion nanoparticles for theranostic applications in brain cancer therapy
EP3616726A1 (en) Protein particle wrapped with medicine insoluble in water and preparation method therefor
WO2022136939A1 (en) A method for preparation of a drug encapsulated liposome in an organic solvent emulsion
Soundarya et al. Quality By Design (QBD) approach in processing of nanoparticles loading antifungal drugs
Shoyele Controlling the release of proteins/peptides via the pulmonary route
KR20230022415A (en) Lipid-Polymer Compositions and Methods of Use
Genç et al. Formulation of nano drug delivery systems
Terada et al. Microfluidic Preparation of Nanoparticles Using Poly (ethylene Glycol)-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine for Solubilizing Poorly Soluble Drugs
Tang et al. Preparation and characterization of oleanolic acid nanoparticles

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21909636

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 21909636

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1