WO2022134704A1 - 一种等离子弧枪喷嘴结构 - Google Patents

一种等离子弧枪喷嘴结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022134704A1
WO2022134704A1 PCT/CN2021/120670 CN2021120670W WO2022134704A1 WO 2022134704 A1 WO2022134704 A1 WO 2022134704A1 CN 2021120670 W CN2021120670 W CN 2021120670W WO 2022134704 A1 WO2022134704 A1 WO 2022134704A1
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Prior art keywords
sealing structure
nozzle
gun
heat
plasma arc
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PCT/CN2021/120670
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵登永
陈钢强
施伟
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江苏博迁新材料股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022134704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022134704A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • B23K10/02—Plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas

Definitions

  • the utility model belongs to the technical field of ultra-fine metal powder material equipment, in particular to a plasma arc gun nozzle structure.
  • Plasma arc guns include transfer plasma arc guns, non-transfer plasma arc guns and hybrid plasma arc guns.
  • the plasma arc gun When the plasma arc gun is used for cutting, the working environment temperature is not high, the heat dissipation is convenient, and it does not need to work continuously for a long time, and the power is mostly within 60KW.
  • the plasma arc gun When the plasma arc gun is used in the ultra-high temperature evaporator, it needs to work continuously for a long time and with high power.
  • the plasma arc gun used in the ultra-high temperature evaporator includes a cathode gun core, a cathode nozzle, an insulating sleeve arranged between the cathode gun core and the cathode nozzle, and a gun casing communicated with the cathode nozzle, and a water-cooling interlayer is arranged in the gun casing.
  • the inlet and return water cooling water pipe, the tail of the cathode gun core is provided with the inlet and return water cooling water pipe and the air inlet pipe, the head of the cathode gun core is provided with a replaceable gun tip structure, and the gun shell is provided with a heat preservation protective cover.
  • the nozzle structure and installation structure of the plasma arc gun are required to be operated accurately and repeatedly.
  • the requirement of long-term high-power operation will cause the temperature of the gun shell and the nozzle body to be too high and affect the plasma arc gun.
  • Service life and use stability and will cause the heat in the ultra-high temperature evaporator to be carried by the cooling system and lost.
  • the conductive structure and the limiting structure between the components of the existing plasma arc gun structure are relatively simple, and cannot meet the requirements of long-term high-power conductive use.
  • the ultra-high temperature evaporator has higher requirements for the heating source used inside it, and frequent replacement or leakage of water and air will seriously affect the use effect, and even cause damage to the ultra-high temperature evaporator.
  • the present utility model provides a high-power plasma arc gun nozzle structure that is used in an ultra-high temperature evaporator and can work continuously for a long time.
  • the working environment is in the ultra-high temperature evaporator, and the working environment temperature is above 2000 °C , can work for more than 300 hours continuously for a long time, and can provide stable and efficient plasma arc for ultra-high temperature evaporators.
  • a plasma arc gun nozzle structure includes a tungsten steel nozzle inner sleeve and a heat-conducting copper sealing structure.
  • a conical surface, a narrow portion is formed between the upper diversion sloping conical surface and the gun tip, and the heat-conducting copper sealing structure includes an installation thread connected to the gun shell, an installation limit table 1, a sealing structure, an installation limit table 2, an installation inner The hole, the bending structure of the inner heat conduction surface, the inner water cooling cavity arranged inside the heat conduction copper sealing structure, the protective cover fixing structure and the diversion cone surface arranged at the top of the heat conduction copper sealing structure, the installation limit of the inner sleeve of the tungsten steel nozzle
  • the bosses are arranged on the outer side of the inner sleeve of the tungsten steel nozzle and are located at two installation limit platforms on the upper side of the installation inner hole.
  • the protective sleeve is installed with a card platform matched with a boss.
  • the sealing structure includes an outer sealing structure, a top sealing structure and an inner sealing structure.
  • the structure is arranged between the heat-conducting copper sealing structure and the inner sealing table of the inner tube of the gun shell, the inner sealing structure is arranged between the heat-conducting copper sealing structure and the inner side of the inner tube of the gun shell, and the bending structure of the inner heat-conducting surface includes and tungsten.
  • the material of the inner sleeve of the tungsten steel nozzle is a high temperature resistant conductive metal material
  • the high temperature resistant conductive metal material includes thorium tungsten alloy, lanthanum tungsten alloy and molybdenum alloy.
  • the protective cover fixing structure includes a protective cover installation slurry fixing groove and a protective cover installation slurry provided on the outer side of the thermally conductive copper sealing structure.
  • the thickness of the inner sleeve of the tungsten steel nozzle is 4-8mm, the height is 10-18mm, and the inner diameter is 5-10mm.
  • the sides are a tight fit.
  • the angle between the upper guide oblique conical surface and the central axis of the inner sleeve of the tungsten steel nozzle is 15° to 45°, and the upper guide oblique conical surface and the gun tip form a cone with an upper size and a lower size.
  • the lower guide oblique cone surface of the inner sleeve of the tungsten steel nozzle and the guide cone surface at the top of the heat-conducting copper sealing structure are both concave cone surfaces
  • the lower guide-flow oblique cone surface and the guide surface at the top of the heat-conducting copper sealing structure are both concave cone surfaces.
  • the angle between the flow cone surface and the central axis is 80-90°.
  • the outer sealing structure, the top sealing structure and the inner sealing structure are all provided with an O-shaped ring groove and an O-shaped ring filling seal.
  • the outer side of the lower section of the inner heat conduction surface bending structure is a concave structure
  • the lower side of the inner heat conduction surface is provided with a chamfer
  • the middle section of the inner heat conduction surface bending structure is a folded structure
  • the inner heat conduction surface bending structure is a folded structure.
  • the inner side of the upper section is concave outward, and an insulating sleeve is arranged between the upper section of the inner heat-conducting surface bending structure and the gun tip.
  • the inner tube of the gun shell is provided with several exhaust holes at the lower side of the inner sealing structure.
  • a high temperature resistant thermal insulation material is filled between the outer protective sleeve and the plasma arc gun.
  • An installation thread and an installation limit table 1 are provided, and through the tightening of the installation thread and the precise positioning of the installation limit table 1, the good repeatability of industrial production can be ensured.
  • the outer side of the lower section of the bending structure of the heat conduction surface is a concave structure, so that the cooling water is as close as possible to the tungsten steel material, and the lower side of the concave structure is provided with a chamfer to avoid the right angle structure. reduce.
  • the middle section of the bending structure of the inner heat conduction surface is a folded structure, which can conduct the heat of the lower section to the upper section as little as possible, so as to avoid cooling damage at the sealing structure of the upper section.
  • the inner side of the upper section of the inner heat-conducting surface bending structure is concave to meet the design requirements of the distance from the inner gun tip as far as possible, thereby preventing the high temperature of the gun tip from being conducted to the upper section of the heat-conducting copper sealing structure, and also preventing the internal The occurrence of short-circuit arcs.
  • An inner water cooling cavity is provided, and the cooling and circulating water introduced into the gun shell gathers here to form a stable cooling structure.
  • the protective cover mounting boss is used to support the outer protective cover.
  • the outer side of the thermal conductive copper sealing structure is provided with a protective sleeve installation slurry fixing groove, and the protective sleeve installation slurry fixing groove is used to externally fix the protective sleeve installation slurry.
  • the protective sleeve is installed. Installing the slurry can seal the gap between the two.
  • the inner tube of the gun shell is provided with several exhaust holes at the lower side of the inner sealing structure, which can effectively prevent the local high temperature caused by the water vapor cavity formed below the sealing between the heat-conducting copper sealing structure and the inner tube of the gun shell.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plasma arc gun nozzle structure including a tungsten steel nozzle inner sleeve 2 and a heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1.
  • the tungsten steel nozzle inner sleeve 2 includes an installation limit boss 29, an upper The diversion oblique cone surface 21, the inner diversion cylindrical surface 22 and the lower diversion oblique cone surface 23, a narrow portion 24 is formed between the upper diversion oblique cone surface 21 and the gun tip 11, and the thermal conductive copper sealing structure 1 includes a connection with the gun.
  • the protective cover is fixed to the structure and the guide cone surface is arranged on the top of the thermal conductive copper sealing structure 1 .
  • the installation limiting boss 29 is arranged on the outer side of the inner sleeve 2 of the tungsten steel nozzle and on the upper side of the installation inner hole.
  • the protective cover fixing structure includes a protective cover mounting boss 17 arranged on the outer side of the thermally conductive copper sealing structure 1 and a clamping table 25 matched with the protective cover mounting boss 17 .
  • the sealing structure includes an outer sealing structure 15, a top sealing structure 13 and an inner sealing structure 16.
  • the outer sealing structure 15 is arranged between the heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1 and the inner side of the outer tube 3 of the gun shell, and the top sealing structure 13 is arranged in the heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1.
  • the inner sealing structure 16 is arranged between the heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1 and the inner side surface of the inner tube 4 of the gun shell.
  • the inner heat-conducting surface bending structure includes a lower section 26 in contact with the tungsten steel nozzle inner sleeve 2 , a middle section 28 and an upper section 27 located outside the seal of the gun shell inner tube 4 .
  • the material of the inner sleeve 2 of the tungsten steel nozzle is a high temperature resistant conductive metal material.
  • High temperature conductive metal materials include thorium tungsten alloy, lanthanum tungsten alloy and molybdenum alloy.
  • the protective cover fixing structure includes a protective cover installation slurry fixing groove 10 and a protective cover installation slurry 9 arranged on the outer side of the heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1.
  • the thickness of the tungsten steel nozzle inner sleeve 2 is 4-8mm, the height is 10-18mm, and the inner diameter is 5-10mm. Precise positioning can be achieved by the installation limiting boss 29 disposed on the outer side of the tungsten steel nozzle inner sleeve 2 and located on the upper side of the mounting inner hole and the mounting limiting platform 20 of the heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1 . In order to fully conduct the heat on the tungsten steel to the thermally conductive copper sealing structure 1 , the outer side of the tungsten steel nozzle inner sleeve 2 is closely matched with the inner side of the mounting inner hole of the thermally conductive copper sealing structure 1 .
  • the fit between the tungsten steel nozzle inner sleeve 2 and the thermal conductive copper sealing structure 1 must not be an interference fit.
  • the included angle between the upper guide sloping conical surface 21 and the central axis of the inner sleeve 2 of the tungsten steel nozzle is 15-45°.
  • a conical tube-type gap is formed between the upper diversion inclined cone 21 and the gun tip 11.
  • the minimum gap is controlled at 1-4mm, and the narrow part 24 at the minimum gap allows the plasma gas to first converge and then quickly pass into the interior.
  • the inner hole of the guide cylinder 22 forms a high pressure cavity on the narrow part 24, so as to prevent the plasma gas from entering the high pressure cavity through the narrow part 24 and damaging the plasma arc due to the instantaneous high pressure caused by the abnormal external influence of the injected plasma gas. Problems with the internal structure of the gun.
  • the inner guide cylinder 22 is a guide surface, and the included angle between the inner guide cylinder 22 and the central axis of the inner sleeve 2 of the tungsten steel nozzle is -10° to 10°, thereby guiding the plasma gas to spray out of the tungsten steel nozzle.
  • the lower flow guiding inclined cone surface 23 of the tungsten steel nozzle inner sleeve 2 and the flow guiding cone surface at the top of the heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1 are both concave cone surfaces.
  • the angle between the lower guide sloping cone 23 and the guide cone at the top of the heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1 and the central axis are both 80-90°, so as to form the largest possible tungsten steel nozzle inner sleeve 2 and the heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1, and the contact surface between the inner sleeve of tungsten steel nozzle 2 and the plasma arc as small as possible.
  • the design of the inner concave surface at the top of the thermal conductive copper sealing structure 1 can guide the injected plasma gas to spray downward, and the sub-arc or sputtering arc 7 generated around the main arc 6 of the plasma gas can be conducted to the copper inner concave surface in a short path. , so as to avoid the tungsten steel material with poor thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, and achieve the effect of greatly reducing the cracking of the tungsten steel in the inner sleeve of the tungsten steel nozzle caused by the impact of the factor arc or sputtering arc 7.
  • the concave hidden design reduces the reflection arc sprayed by the plasma arc gun and the heat and radiation inside the ultra-high temperature evaporator are conducted to the top of the nozzle of the plasma arc gun.
  • the outer sealing structure 15, the top sealing structure 13 and the inner sealing structure 16 are all provided with an O-shaped ring groove and an O-shaped ring filling seal.
  • the outer sealing structure 15 and the top sealing structure 13 are double sealing structures arranged between the thermally conductive copper sealing structure 1 and the outer tube 3 of the gun shell.
  • the thermal conductive copper sealing structure 1 and the outer tube of the gun shell 3 are in the high temperature environment of the ultra-high temperature evaporator. Under the long-term high-power working conditions, in order to ensure the stable operation of the plasma arc gun, when the ambient temperature used is below 1000 °C, it can be Choose any of the single-seal configurations from the dual-seal configuration.
  • the inner sealing structure 16 is a sealing structure provided between the heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1 and the inner tube 4 of the gun shell. In order to ensure the long-term high-power operation of the plasma arc gun, the inner sealing structure 16 is located at the upper section 27 of the bending structure of the inner heat-conducting surface.
  • the outer side of the lower section 26 of the inner heat conduction surface bending structure is a concave structure, so that the cooling water is as close as possible to the tungsten steel material.
  • a chamfer 19 is provided on the lower side of the above-mentioned concave structure to avoid the reduction of the connection strength between the inner heat conducting surface and the top end of the heat conducting copper sealing structure 1 caused by the right-angle structure.
  • the middle section 28 of the inner heat-conducting surface bending structure is a folded structure, which can conduct the heat of the lower section 26 to the upper section 27 as little as possible, thereby avoiding cooling damage at the sealing structure of the upper section 27 .
  • the inner side of the upper section 27 of the inner heat conduction surface bending structure is concave to meet the design requirement that the distance from the inner gun tip 11 is as far as possible, thereby preventing the high temperature of the gun tip 11 from being conducted to the upper section 27 of the thermal conductive copper sealing structure 1 , but also to prevent the occurrence of internal short-circuit arcs.
  • An insulating sleeve is provided between the upper section 27 of the inner heat conducting surface bending structure and the gun tip 11 .
  • the heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1 is provided with an inner water-cooling cavity 18 , where the cooling and circulating water introduced into the gun shell converges to form a stable cooling structure.
  • the inner tube 4 of the gun shell is provided with several exhaust holes 12 at the lower side of the inner sealing structure 16 to prevent the water vapor cavity formed below the sealing between the thermal conductive copper sealing structure 1 and the inner tube 4 of the gun shell from causing local high temperature.
  • the protective cover mounting boss 17 is used to support the outer protective cover 5 .
  • the outer side of the heat-conducting copper sealing structure 1 is provided with a protective sleeve installation slurry fixing groove 10 , and the protective sleeve installation slurry fixing groove 10 is used for externally fixing the protective sleeve installation slurry 9 .
  • the protective sleeve installation slurry 9 can seal the gap between the two.
  • a high temperature resistant thermal insulation material is filled between the outer protective sleeve 5 and the plasma arc gun to achieve thermal insulation protection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，包括钨钢喷嘴内套（2）和导热铜密封结构（1），钨钢喷嘴内套包括安装限位凸台（29）、上导流斜锥面（21）、内导流柱面（22）和下导流斜锥面（23），上导流斜锥面与枪尖之间形成狭部（24），导热铜密封结构包括安装螺纹（14）、安装限位台一（8）、密封结构、安装限位台二（20）、安装内孔、内导热面折弯结构、内水冷腔（18）、保护套固定结构、导流锥面。该喷嘴通过安装螺纹旋紧以及安装限位台一的精确定位，可保证工业化生产的良好重复性。

Description

一种等离子弧枪喷嘴结构 技术领域
本实用新型属于超细金属粉体材料设备技术领域，具体涉及一种等离子弧枪喷嘴结构。
背景技术
等离子弧枪包括转移等离子弧枪、非转移等离子弧枪和混合等离子弧枪。当等离子弧枪用于切割时，工作环境温度不高，散热方便，而且不需要长时间连续工作，功率多在60KW以内。当等离子弧枪用于超高温蒸发器内时，需要连续长时间且大功率工作。用于超高温蒸发器内的等离子弧枪包括阴极枪芯、阴极喷嘴、设置于阴极枪芯和阴极喷嘴之间的绝缘套以及和阴极喷嘴相连通的枪壳体，枪壳体内设置有水冷夹层及进回水冷却水管，阴极枪芯的尾部设置有进回水冷却水管与进气管，阴极枪芯的头部设置有可更换的枪尖结构，枪壳体外设置有保温保护套。在工业化生产过程中，需要等离子弧枪的喷嘴结构和安装结构能够精确且可重复地操作，长时间大功率工作的要求，会造成枪壳体与喷嘴体的温度过高而影响等离子弧枪的使用寿命和使用稳定性，并且会导致超高温蒸发器内的热量被冷却系统携带而损失。
现有的等离子弧枪结构的各部件之间的导电结构和限位结构较为简单，无法达到长时间大功率导电使用的要求。而且超高温蒸发器对其内部使用的加热源要求较高，频繁更换或漏水漏气都会严重影响使用效果，甚至造成超高温蒸发器的损坏。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本实用新型提供了一种用于超高温蒸发器内且可连续长时工作的大功率的等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，工作环境为超高温蒸发器内，工作环境温度在2000℃以上，可连续长时间工作300小时以上，可为超高温蒸发器提供稳定高效的等离子电弧。
本实用新型的技术方案如下：
一种等离子弧枪喷嘴结构包括钨钢喷嘴内套和导热铜密封结构，所述钨钢喷嘴内套包括安装限位凸台、上导流斜锥面、内导流柱面和下导流斜锥面，上导流斜锥面与枪尖之间形成狭部，所述导热铜密封结构包括与枪壳连接的安装螺纹、安装限位台一、密封结构、安装限位台二、安装内孔、内导热面折弯结构、设置在导热铜密封结构内部的内水冷腔、保护套固定结构和设置在导热铜密封结构顶端的导流锥面，所述钨钢喷嘴内套的安装限位凸台设置在钨钢喷嘴内套的外侧且位于安装内孔的上侧的安装限位台二处，所述保护套固定结构包括设置在导热铜密封结构的外侧的保护套安装凸台以及与保护套安装凸台相配合的卡台，所述密封结构包括外密封结构、顶密封结构和内密封结构，外密封结构设置在导热铜密封结构与枪壳外管的内侧面之间，顶密封结构设置在导热铜密封结构与枪壳内管的内密封台之间，内密封结构设置在导热铜密封结构与枪壳内管的内侧面之间，所述内导热面折弯结构包括与钨钢喷嘴内套接触的下段、中段以及位于枪壳内管的密封外的上段。
可选的，所述钨钢喷嘴内套的材质为耐高温导电金属材料，耐高温导电金属材料包括钍钨合金、镧钨合金及钼合金。
可选的，所述保护套固定结构包括设置在导热铜密封结构外侧的保护套安装粉浆固定槽以及保护套安装粉浆。
可选的，所述钨钢喷嘴内套的厚度为4-8mm，高度为10-18mm，内孔径为5-10mm，钨钢喷嘴内套的外侧面与导热铜密封结构的安装内孔的内侧面为紧密配合。
可选的，所述上导流斜锥面与钨钢喷嘴内套的中心轴之间的夹角为15～45°，上导流斜锥面与枪尖之间形成上大下小的锥管式间隙，间隙最小处为1～4mm，内导流柱面为导流面，内导流柱面与钨钢喷嘴内套的中心轴之间的夹角为-10～10°。
可选的，所述钨钢喷嘴内套的下导流斜锥面与导热铜密封结构顶端的导流锥面均为内凹锥面，下导流斜锥面和导热铜密封结构顶端的导流锥面与中心轴之间的夹角均为80-90°。
可选的，所述外密封结构、顶密封结构、内密封结构处均设置有〇形 圏槽和〇形圏填充密封物。
可选的，所述内导热面折弯结构的下段的外侧为内凹结构，内凹结构的下侧设置倒角，内导热面折弯结构的中段为折叠结构，内导热面折弯结构的上段的内侧外凹，内导热面折弯结构的上段与枪尖之间设置有绝缘套。
可选的，所述枪壳内管位于内密封结构的下侧处设置有若干个排气孔。
可选的，所述外保护套与等离子弧枪之间填充有耐高温保温材料。
本实用新型的有益效果如下：
设置有安装螺纹及安装限位台一，通过安装螺纹旋紧以及安装限位台一的精确定位，可保证工业化生产的良好重复性。
导热面折弯结构的下段的外侧为内凹结构，使得冷却水尽量靠近钨钢材料，内凹结构的下侧设置有倒角，以避免直角结构导致的内导热面与导热铜顶端的连接强度降低。
内导热面折弯结构的中段为折叠结构，可以尽量少地将下段的热量导通至上段，从而避免上段的密封结构处的冷却损坏。
内导热面折弯结构的上段的内侧外凹，以满足与内部的枪尖之间的距离尽量远的设计要求，从而防止枪尖的高温传导至导热铜密封结构的上段，同时也可防止内部短路弧的发生。
设置设有内水冷腔，枪壳内导入的进回水冷却循环水在此汇聚，形成稳定的冷却结构。
保护套安装凸台用于支撑外保护套。
导热铜密封结构的外侧设置有保护套安装粉浆固定凹槽，保护套安装粉浆固定凹槽用于对保护套安装粉浆进行外挂固定，在外保护套安装在等离子弧枪外侧后，保护套安装粉浆可实现两者之间的间隙的封堵。
枪壳内管位于内密封结构的下侧处设置有若干个排气孔，可以有效防止导热铜密封结构与枪壳内管的密封处以下形成的水蒸气腔造成局部高温。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型实施例一的剖示图。
图2为本实用新型实施例二的剖示图。
其中：1、导热铜密封结构，2、钨钢喷嘴内套，3、枪壳外管，4、枪壳内管，5、外保护套，6、等离子气主弧，7、子弧或溅射弧，8、安装限位台一，9、保护套安装粉浆，10、保护套安装粉浆固定凹槽，11、枪尖，12、排气孔，13、顶密封结构，14、安装螺纹，15、外密封结构，16、内密封结构，17、保护套安装凸台，18、内水冷腔，19、倒角，20、安装限位台二，21、上导流斜锥面，22、内导流柱面，23、下导流斜锥面，24、狭部，25、卡台，26、下段，27、上段，28、中段，29、安装限位凸台。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本实用新型做进一步说明。
如图1和图2所示，提供了一种等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，包括钨钢喷嘴内套2和导热铜密封结构1，所述钨钢喷嘴内套2包括安装限位凸台29、上导流斜锥面21、内导流柱面22和下导流斜锥面23，上导流斜锥面21与枪尖11之间形成狭部24，所述导热铜密封结构1包括与枪壳连接的安装螺纹14、安装限位台一8、密封结构、安装限位台二20、安装内孔、内导热面折弯结构、设置在导热铜密封结构1的内部的内水冷腔18、保护套固定结构和设置在导热铜密封结构1的顶端的导流锥面。通过安装螺纹14的旋紧以及安装限位台一8的精确定位，保证了工业化生产的良好重复性。所述安装限位凸台29设置在钨钢喷嘴内套2的外侧且位于安装内孔的上侧。所述保护套固定结构包括设置在导热铜密封结构1的外侧的保护套安装凸台17以及与保护套安装凸台17相配合的卡台25。所述密封结构包括外密封结构15、顶密封结构13和内密封结构16，外密封结构15设置在导热铜密封结构1与枪壳外管3的内侧面之间，顶密封结构13设置在导热铜密封结构1与枪壳内管4的内密封台之间，内密封结构16设置在导热铜密封结构1与枪壳内管4的内侧面之间。所述内导热面折弯结构包括与钨钢喷嘴内套2接触的下段26、中段28以及位于枪壳内管4的密封外的上段27。
所述钨钢喷嘴内套2的材质为耐高温导电金属材料。耐高温导电金属材料包括钍钨合金、镧钨合金及钼合金。
所述保护套固定结构包括设置在导热铜密封结构1外侧的保护套安装 粉浆固定槽10以及保护套安装粉浆9。
所述钨钢喷嘴内套2的厚度为4-8mm，高度为10-18mm，内孔径为5-10mm。设置在钨钢喷嘴内套2的外侧且位于安装内孔的上侧的安装限位凸台29与导热铜密封结构1的安装限位台二20可实现精密定位。为将钨钢上的热量充分传导至导热铜密封结构1，钨钢喷嘴内套2的外侧面与导热铜密封结构1的安装内孔的内侧面为紧密配合。为防止受冷热外力作用铜与钨的热膨胀系数不同而导致的钨钢喷嘴内套2崩裂，钨钢喷嘴内套2与导热铜密封结构1之间的配合不得为过盈配合。
所述上导流斜锥面21与钨钢喷嘴内套2的中心轴之间的夹角为15～45°。上导流斜锥面21与枪尖11之间形成上大下小的锥管式间隙，间隙最小处控制在1～4mm，间隙最小处的狭部24使得等离子气先汇聚然后快速通过进入内导流柱面22的内孔，在狭部24之上形成高压腔，从而防止因喷射出的等离子气受外界异常影响产生的瞬间高压导致的等离子气逆流通过狭部24进入高压腔损坏等离子弧枪的内部结构的问题。内导流柱面22为导流面，内导流柱面22与钨钢喷嘴内套2的中心轴之间的夹角为-10～10°，从而引导等离子气喷射出钨钢喷嘴。
所述钨钢喷嘴内套2的下导流斜锥面23与导热铜密封结构1顶端的导流锥面均为内凹锥面。下导流斜锥面23和导热铜密封结构1顶端的导流锥面与中心轴之间的夹角均为80-90°，以形成尽量大的钨钢喷嘴内套2与导热铜密封结构1的接触面，以及尽量小的钨钢喷嘴内套2与等离子弧的接触面。导热铜密封结构1的顶端内凹面的设计可引导喷射出的等离子气向下喷出，等离子气主弧6周边产生的子弧或溅射弧7可以较短的路径导通到铜内凹面上，从而避开导热与导电较差的钨钢材料，达到极大减少因子弧或溅射弧7击中导致的钨钢喷嘴内套2处钨钢崩裂的效果。同时，内凹的隐藏式设计减少了等离子弧枪喷出反射弧和超高温蒸发器内部的热量与辐射传导至等离子弧枪的喷头顶端。
所述外密封结构15、顶密封结构13、内密封结构16处均设置有〇形圏槽和〇形圏填充密封物。外密封结构15与顶密封结构13为导热铜密封结构1与枪壳外管3之间设置的双重密封结构。导热铜密封结构1和枪壳 外管3处于超高温蒸发器的高温环境中，长时间大功率工作条件下，为保证等离子弧枪的稳定工作，当使用的环境温度在1000℃以下时，可以选择双重密封结构中的任一单密封结构。内密封结构16为导热铜密封结构1与枪壳内管4之间设置的密封结构。为保证等离子弧枪长时间大功率工作，内密封结构16位于内导热面折弯结构的上段27处。
所述内导热面折弯结构的下段26的外侧为内凹结构，以使得冷却水尽量靠近钨钢材料。上述内凹结构的下侧设置有倒角19，以避免直角结构导致的内导热面与导热铜密封结构1顶端的连接强度降低。内导热面折弯结构的中段28为折叠结构，可以尽量少地将下段26的热量导通至上段27，从而避免上段27的密封结构处的冷却损坏。内导热面折弯结构的上段27的内侧外凹，以满足与内部的枪尖11之间的距离尽量远的设计要求，从而防止枪尖11的高温传导至导热铜密封结构1的上段27上，同时也可防止内部短路弧的发生。内导热面折弯结构的上段27与枪尖11之间设置有绝缘套。
所述导热铜密封结构1内部设有内水冷腔18，枪壳内导入的进回水冷却循环水在此汇聚，形成稳定的冷却结构。枪壳内管4位于内密封结构16的下侧处设置有若干个排气孔12，以防止导热铜密封结构1与枪壳内管4的密封处以下形成的水蒸气腔造成局部高温。
所述保护套安装凸台17用于支撑外保护套5。导热铜密封结构1的外侧设置有保护套安装粉浆固定凹槽10，保护套安装粉浆固定凹槽10用于外挂固定保护套安装粉浆9。在外保护套5安装在等离子弧枪外侧后，保护套安装粉浆9可实现两者之间的间隙的封堵。
所述外保护套5与等离子弧枪之间填充有耐高温保温材料，以实现保温保护。
需要说明的是，上述具体实施方式仅仅是为清楚地说明所做的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本实用新型创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，其特征在于：包括钨钢喷嘴内套和导热铜密封结构，所述钨钢喷嘴内套包括安装限位凸台、上导流斜锥面、内导流柱面和下导流斜锥面，上导流斜锥面与枪尖之间形成狭部，所述导热铜密封结构包括与枪壳连接的安装螺纹、安装限位台一、密封结构、安装限位台二、安装内孔、内导热面折弯结构、设置在导热铜密封结构内部的内水冷腔、保护套固定结构和设置在导热铜密封结构顶端的导流锥面，所述钨钢喷嘴内套的安装限位凸台设置在钨钢喷嘴内套的外侧且位于安装内孔的上侧的安装限位台二处，所述保护套固定结构包括设置在导热铜密封结构的外侧的保护套安装凸台以及与保护套安装凸台相配合的卡台，所述密封结构包括外密封结构、顶密封结构和内密封结构，外密封结构设置在导热铜密封结构与枪壳外管的内侧面之间，顶密封结构设置在导热铜密封结构与枪壳内管的内密封台之间，内密封结构设置在导热铜密封结构与枪壳内管的内侧面之间，所述内导热面折弯结构包括与钨钢喷嘴内套接触的下段、中段以及位于枪壳内管的密封外的上段。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，其特征在于：所述钨钢喷嘴内套的材质为耐高温导电金属材料，耐高温导电金属材料包括钍钨合金、镧钨合金及钼合金。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，其特征在于：所述保护套固定结构包括设置在导热铜密封结构外侧的保护套安装粉浆固定槽以及保护套安装粉浆。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，其特征在于：所述钨钢喷嘴内套的厚度为4-8mm，高度为10-18mm，内孔径为5-10mm，钨钢喷嘴内套的外侧面与导热铜密封结构的安装内孔的内侧面为紧密配合。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，其特征在于：所述上导流斜锥面与钨钢喷嘴内套的中心轴之间的夹角为15～45°，上导流斜锥面与枪尖之间形成上大下小的锥管式间隙，间隙最小处为1～4mm，内导流柱面为导流面，内导流柱面与钨钢喷嘴内套的中心轴之间的夹角为-10～10°。
  6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，其特征在于：所述钨钢喷嘴内套的下导流斜锥面与导热铜密封结构顶端的导流锥面均为内凹锥面，下导流斜锥面、导流锥面与中心轴之间的夹角均为80-90度。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，其特征在于：所述外密封结构、顶密封结构、内密封结构处均设置有〇形圏槽和〇形圏填充密封物。
  8. 如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，其特征在于：所述内导热面折弯结构的下段的外侧为内凹结构，内凹结构的下侧设置倒角，内导热面折弯结构的中段为折叠结构，内导热面折弯结构的上段的内侧外凹，内导热面折弯结构的上段与枪尖之间设置有绝缘套。
  9. 如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，其特征在于：所述枪壳内管位于内密封结构的下侧处设置有若干个排气孔。
  10. 如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的等离子弧枪喷嘴结构，其特征在于：所述外保护套与等离子弧枪之间填充有耐高温保温材料。
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