WO2022132297A1 - Radômes à faible perte, diélectrique faible et matériaux pour radômes à faible perte, diélectrique faible - Google Patents

Radômes à faible perte, diélectrique faible et matériaux pour radômes à faible perte, diélectrique faible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022132297A1
WO2022132297A1 PCT/US2021/054705 US2021054705W WO2022132297A1 WO 2022132297 A1 WO2022132297 A1 WO 2022132297A1 US 2021054705 W US2021054705 W US 2021054705W WO 2022132297 A1 WO2022132297 A1 WO 2022132297A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radome
microspheres
dielectric constant
resin matrix
ghz
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2021/054705
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hoang Dinh DO
Douglas S. Mcbain
Nathan Alan GREENE
Original Assignee
Laird Technologies, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Laird Technologies, Inc. filed Critical Laird Technologies, Inc.
Publication of WO2022132297A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022132297A1/fr
Priority to US18/209,399 priority Critical patent/US20230327332A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H01Q1/422—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material
    • H01Q1/424—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material comprising a layer of expanded material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
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    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
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Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to low dielectric, low loss radomes and materials for low dielectric, low loss radomes.
  • a radome is an electromagnetically transparent environmental protection enclosure for an antenna.
  • a radome design typically must satisfy structural requirements for an outdoor environment as well as minimizing electromagnetic energy loss.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a radome including first and second comingled, homogeneous, and/or integrated layers and an interior layer between the first and second comingled, homogeneous.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a radome having a single unity structure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a radome including first and second layers and an interior layer or core between the first and second layers.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a radome including first and second layers and an interior layer or core between the first and second layers.
  • FIG. 5 shows flat panels or sheets made from a material comprising polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and microspheres (e.g., PC/PET blend and glass microspheres, etc.), which may be used for radomes according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • microspheres e.g., PC/PET blend and glass microspheres, etc.
  • Conventional radomes have been made from composite materials that are able to satisfy structural requirements for outdoor use. But as recognized herein, conventional radome composite materials tend to have a rather high dielectric constant (e.g., a dielectric constant of 2.8, etc.) and dielectric loss tangent especially at high frequencies.
  • dielectric constant e.g., a dielectric constant of 2.8, etc.
  • exemplary embodiments of low dielectric, low loss radomes configured to have an overall low dielectric constant and an overall low loss tangent or dissipation factor (Df) at relatively high frequencies.
  • exemplary embodiments of radomes configured to have an overall low dielectric constant (e.g., from about 1.3 to about 1.8, about 1.67, about 1.19, about 1.5, about 1.59, about 1.76, about 1.45, from about 1.3 to about 1.6, less than about 1.3, less than 1.9, etc.) and an overall low loss tangent or dissipation factor (Df) (e.g., from about .002 to about .01, about .002, about .0047, about .0024, about .0028, about .0055, about .005, less than about .006, less than 0.01, etc.) at millimeter wave frequencies and/or relatively high frequencies (e.g., from about 20 Gigahertz (GHz) to 90 GHz,
  • GHz gigahertz
  • a radome may be configured to have a dielectric constant of about 2 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 90 GHz and/or from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz and/or from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • the radome may be configured to have a dielectric constant of about 1.85 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz.
  • the radome may be configured to have a dielectric constant of about 1.7 or less at frequencies from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • a honeycomb type of low dielectric and low loss material (e.g., polycarbonate honeycomb, etc.) is used for a radome core between low loss composite skins or layers (broadly, portions).
  • the skins or layers may be configured to withstand high impacts and provide outdoor environmental protection.
  • the skins or layers may comprise a thermoplastic and/or thermoset material, a composite thermoset with microspheres (e.g., hollow glass, plastic, and/or ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, etc.), polycarbonate, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), prepreg fiberglass or prepreg composite thermoset with micro spheres.
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • flame retardant is applied to and/or integrated into a honeycomb core or other porous core of a radome such that the radome core has a UL94 flame rating of V0.
  • the flame retardant preferably forms a sufficiently thin coating or layer along surfaces defining the open cells or pores of the radome core so as to not completely block or occlude the open cells or pores of the radome core.
  • flame retardant may also or alternatively be applied to and/or integrated into one or more other portions of a radome, such as along either or both of the radome’s outer skin or layer and/or inner skin or layer.
  • the flame retardant may comprise a phosphorous-based flame retardant (e.g., ammonium phosphate salt, etc.) that is halogen free in some exemplary embodiments.
  • a phosphorous-based flame retardant e.g., ammonium phosphate salt, etc.
  • the flame retardant may include no more than a maximum of 900 parts per million chlorine, no more than a maximum of 900 parts per million bromine, and no more than a maximum of 1,500 parts per million total halogens in some exemplary embodiments.
  • the radome includes a core having an open cellular or porous structure with a low dielectric constant (e.g., about 1.05 or less, about 1.03, etc.) and a low loss tangent or dissipation factor (Df) (e.g., about .0009 or less, etc.).
  • the radome may have an overall dielectric constant of about 1.4 and a loss tangent or dissipation factor Df of about .002 with the composite skins having a thickness of about 2.5 millimeters (mm). The overall thickness may be as thin as about 1 mm in some exemplary embodiments.
  • a first radome sample had a thickness of about 3 millimeters, an overall dielectric constant of about 1.68, and a loss tangent of about .0047.
  • the first radome sample included a thermoset composite comprising hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles within a thermoset matrix.
  • the thermoset composite had a dielectric constant of about 1.7.
  • the first radome sample also included composite fiber reinforced resin inner and outer skins, layers, or portions respectively along inner and outer portions of the thermoset composite. The inner and outer skins, layers, or portions each had a dielectric constant of about 2.6.
  • the inner and outer skins, layers, or portions included high-density polyethylene (HDPE) (e.g., SPECTRA manufactured fiber made from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, etc.). Additionally, or alternatively, the inner and outer skins, layers, or portions may include high density plastic fibers with a low dielectric constant (e.g., INNEGRA high density polypropylene fibers, etc.).
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • INNEGRA high density polypropylene fibers e.g., INNEGRA high density polypropylene fibers, etc.
  • a second radome sample had a thickness of about 3 millimeters, an overall dielectric constant of about 1.19, and a loss tangent of about .0024.
  • the second radome sample included a honeycomb core (e.g., polycarbonate honeycomb, thermoplastic honeycomb, etc.) having a dielectric constant of about 1.03.
  • the second radome sample also included composite fiber reinforced resin inner and outer skins, layers, or portions respectively along inner and outer portions of the honeycomb core.
  • the inner and outer skins, layers, or portions each had a dielectric constant of about 2.6.
  • the inner and outer skins, layers, or portions included high- density polyethylene (HDPE) (e.g., SPECTRA manufactured fiber made from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, etc.).
  • HDPE high- density polyethylene
  • the inner and outer skins, layers, or portions may include high density plastic fibers with a low dielectric constant (e.g., INNEGRA high density polypropylene fibers, etc.).
  • a third radome sample had a thickness of about 3.8 millimeters, an overall dielectric constant of about 1.5, a loss tangent of about .0028, and a waterproof coating.
  • the third radome sample included a honeycomb core (e.g., polycarbonate honeycomb, thermoplastic honeycomb, etc.) having a dielectric constant of about 1.03.
  • the third radome sample also included composite fiber reinforced resin inner and outer skins, layers, or portions respectively along inner and outer portions of the honeycomb core. The inner and outer skins, layers, or portions each had a dielectric constant of 2.2.
  • the inner and outer skins, layers, or portions comprise a thermoset composite including hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) fibers (e.g., SPECTRA manufactured fiber made from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, etc.). within a thermoset matrix
  • the inner and outer skins, layers, or portions may include high density plastic fibers with a low dielectric constant e.g., INNEGRA high density polypropylene fibers, etc.).
  • a fourth radome sample had a thickness of about 3.7 millimeters and an overall dielectric constant of about 1.59.
  • the fourth radome sample included a honeycomb core (e.g., polycarbonate honeycomb, thermoplastic honeycomb, etc.) having a dielectric constant of about 1.03.
  • the fourth radome sample also included composite fiber reinforced resin inner and outer skins, layers, or portions along respective inner and outer portions of the honeycomb core.
  • the inner and outer skins, layers, or portions each had a dielectric constant of about 3.6.
  • the inner and outer skins, layers, or portions included a thermoset and hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, and fiberglass (e.g., E-glass, etc.).
  • a fifth radome sample had a thickness of about 2.8 millimeters, an overall dielectric constant of about 1.76, and a loss tangent of about .0055.
  • the fifth radome sample included a thermoset composite (e.g., urethane matrix, etc.) including hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles and a dielectric constant of about 1.6.
  • the fifth radome sample also included fibers/fabric, such as NOMEX flame-resistant meta-aramid material, DACRON open weave polymeric fabric, other open weave polymeric fabric, other prepreg or reinforcement, etc.
  • the fibers/fabric were integrated into, incorporated, comingled, and/or embedded (e.g., calendered, etc.) within the thermoset composite, such that the fifth radome sample had a single unitary structure.
  • the embedded fibers/fabric provide reinforcement and strength to the thermoset composite for carrying loads, whereas the low dielectric hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles help to reduce the overall dielectric constant. Accordingly, the fifth radome sample did not have a 3-layer laminated A- sandwich structure in which outer and inner skin layers are disposed or laminated on opposite sides of a core.
  • a sixth radome sample had a thickness within a range from about 1.3 millimeters to about 3 millimeters, an overall dielectric constant of about 1.45, and a loss tangent of about .005.
  • the sixth radome sample included a honeycomb core (e.g., polycarbonate honeycomb, thermoplastic honeycomb, etc.) having a dielectric constant of about 1.03.
  • the sixth radome sample also included thermoplastic inner and outer skins, layers, or portions respectively along inner and outer portions of the honeycomb core.
  • the inner and outer skins, layers, or portions each had a dielectric constant of about 2.8.
  • the inner and outer skins, layers, or portions included polycarbonate and thermoplastic acrylic-polyvinyl chloride material (e.g., KYDEX thermoplastic acrylic-polyvinyl chloride material, etc.).
  • a radome includes one or more comingled, homogeneous, and/or integrated layers.
  • Each layer may include fibers/fabric integrated into, incorporated, comingled, and/or embedded within the layer for reinforcement and strength.
  • Each layer may further include hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles integrated into, incorporated, comingled, and/or embedded within the layer (e.g., syntactic foam, etc.) for reducing the overall dielectric constant.
  • a radome 100 includes first and second (or upper and lower) comingled, homogeneous, and/or integrated layers 104 and 108.
  • the first and second comingled layers 104, 108 include fibers and/or fabric integrated into, incorporated, comingled, and/or embedded therein for reinforcement and strength.
  • the first and second comingled layers 104, 108 further include hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles integrated into, incorporated, comingled, and/or embedded within the layers for reducing the overall dielectric constant.
  • One or more optional interior layers 112 may be disposed between the first and second comingled, homogeneous, and/or integrated layers 104, 108 to thereby provide an extra layer(s) for mechanical strength. Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure allow for a greater degree of freedom by allowing for the addition of optional interior layers for mechanical strength, etc.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a radome 200 having a single unity structure.
  • the radome 200 comprises a uniform, homogenous, or unified (e.g., calendered, etc.) material 216 that is not disposed between inner and outer skin layers, such that the radome 200 does not have a layered sandwich structure.
  • this exemplary embodiment of the radome 200 does not include separate or distinct outer and inner skin layers laminated or otherwise disposed along opposite sides of a core that cooperatively define a three-layer laminated A-sandwich structure.
  • the uniform material 216 of the radome 200 may comprise reinforced fiber and low dielectric constant, low loss filler (e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, etc.) within (e.g., calendered, etc.) a thermoset matrix (e.g., epoxy, silicone, polyurethane, phenolic, other thermosetting polymers, resins, plastics, etc.).
  • the reinforced fiber may comprise fibers integrated into, incorporated, comingled, and/or embedded (e.g., calendered, etc.) within the thermoset matrix.
  • fibers and microspheres may be calendered into a thermoset matrix to thereby provide a calendered one- piece structure that is thermoformable prior to cure.
  • the uniform material 216 of the radome 200 preferably has a consistent ultra low dielectric constant (e.g., a dielectric constant less than about 2.5, a dielectric constant of 0.7 or less, a dielectric constant of about 1.76 or less at frequencies above 60 GHz, etc.) throughout an entire width or thickness of the uniform material 216.
  • the radome 200 may be configured to provide good or better signal performance at off angles and at incident surface, which, in turn, may provide a better higher frequency bandwidth (e.g., higher than 60 Gigahertz (GHz), etc.) as a result.
  • the radome 200 having the unity structure may have an overall thickness within a range from about 2 millimeters (mm) to about 3 mm (e.g., 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.75 mm, 3 mm, etc.). In alternative embodiments, the radome 200 may have a different overall thickness, e.g., less than 2 mm more than 3 mm, etc.
  • the radome 200 may be configured to have a dielectric strength of at least about 2.6 kilovolt per millimeter, a dielectric constant of about 2 or less, and/or a low loss tangent or dissipation factor (Df) of about .02 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 90 GHz and/or from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz and/or from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • Df loss tangent or dissipation factor
  • the radome 200 may be configured to have a dielectric constant of about 2 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 90 GHz; and/or a dielectric constant of about 1.85 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz; and/or a dielectric constant of about 1.7 or less at frequencies from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • the radome e.g., radome 200 (FIG. 2), etc.
  • the radome may be configured or suitable for outdoor applications with strong impact resistance, high tensile strength for structural requirements, and rigid.
  • the radome may comprise a homogeneous dielectric constant material providing a uniform dielectric constant through its width. This allows for a low dielectric constant at the initial incident surface for increased signal pass through strength and better signal performance at off angles.
  • the radome may be configured to provide environmental protection of antennas with very low signal interference.
  • the radome may be configured (e.g., optimized, etc.) for performance in 5G antenna applications.
  • the radome’s homogeneous structure increases radome performance with increased signal pass through strength and better signal performance at higher incidence angles.
  • the radome may be environmentally friendly solution meets including RoHS and REACH.
  • Table 1 below includes example properties that a radome (e.g., radome 200 (FIG. 2), etc.) may have in exemplary embodiments.
  • the radome e.g., radome 300 (FIG. 3), radome 400 (FIG. 4), etc.
  • the radome may be configured differently, e.g., have one or more different properties, etc.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a radome 300 including first and second thermoformable thermoplastic layers 304, 308 and an interior thermoformable thermoplastic layer or core 312 between the first and second layers 304, 308.
  • the radome 300 may comprise ultra low dielectric constant thermoformable materials (e.g., thermoplastic skins or layers along a thermoplastic foam core, etc.) such that the radome 300 is thermoformable or heat formable, e.g., into a curved shape, other non-flat or complex shapes, etc.
  • the radome 300 may be thermoformable or heat formable into a complex shape depending on industrial design needs of indoor applications or domed shapes.
  • the core 312 may comprise a thermoplastic having a low dielectric constant.
  • the core 312 may comprise thermoplastic foam, urethane foam, airblown foam, thermoplastic honeycomb, etc.
  • the first and second layers 304, 308 may comprise a thermoplastic resin material having a low dielectric constant.
  • the first and second layers 304, 308 may comprise thermoplastic adhered to the core 312 via adhesive.
  • the first and second layers 304 308 may each have a dielectric constant of about 2.8 or less.
  • the first and second layers 304, 38 may comprise fibers and/or microspheres (e.g., hollow glass, plastic, and/or ceramic microspheres, etc.) within a thermoplastic resin material.
  • the fibers may comprise one or more of one or more of flame-resistant meta-aramid open weave polymeric fabric, high- density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, high density plastic fibers with a low dielectric constant, and/or high density polypropylene fibers.
  • the radome 300 may be configured to provide good or best signal performance with a frequency bandwidth from about 18 GHz to about 40 GHz at zero degree incidence angle.
  • the first and second layers 304, 308 may each have a layer thickness within a range from about 0.25 millimeters (mm) to about 0.5 mm (e.g., 0.25 mm, 0.38 mm, 0.43 mm, 0.5 mm, etc.). In other exemplary embodiments, either or both of the first and second layers 304, 308 may have a thickness less than 0.25 mm or more than 0.5 mm, etc. In exemplary embodiments, the first and second layers 304, 308 may each have about the same thickness. In other exemplary embodiments, the first and second layers 304, 308 may have different thicknesses than each other.
  • the radome 300 may be configured to have a dielectric strength of at least about 4 kilovolts per millimeter, an overall dielectric constant of about 2 or less, and/or an overall low loss tangent or dissipation factor (Df) about .01 or less at mmWave 5G frequencies (e.g., 28 GHz, 39 GHz, etc.) and/or frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 90 GHz and/or from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz and/or from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • Df overall low loss tangent or dissipation factor
  • the radome 300 may be configured to have a dielectric constant of about 2 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 90 GHz; and/or a dielectric constant of about 1.85 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz; and/or a dielectric constant of about 1.7 or less at frequencies from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • the radome (e.g., radome 300 (FIG. 3), etc.) may be configured to have a low dielectric constant, low loss, and low weight.
  • the radome may be configured or suitable for outdoor and indoor applications with strong impact resistance, high tensile strength for structural requirements, and rigid.
  • the radome may be thermoplastic and capable of being thermoformed into complex curves to fit device application and aesthetic needs.
  • the radome may be painted to meet customer required color needs.
  • the radome may configured for use with 5G indoor antennas, routers (e.g., 5G to WiFi6 routers, etc.), repeaters (e.g., indoor 5G repeaters, etc.), etc.
  • the radome may be configured for use as an in-building wireless radome, 5G small cell indoor radome, etc.
  • the radome may be used to provide environmental protection of antennas with very low signal interference.
  • the radome may be configured (e.g., optimized, etc.) for performance in 5G antenna applications.
  • the radome may comprise an all-thermoplastic system and/or have thermoplastic properties that allow the radome material to be thermoformed and integrated into a 5G device’s exterior design.
  • the radome may be environmentally friendly solution meets including RoHS and REACH.
  • Table 2 below includes example properties that a radome (e.g., radome 300 (FIG. 3), etc.) may have in exemplary embodiments.
  • the radome e.g., radome 200 (FIG. 2), radome 400 (FIG. 4), etc.
  • the radome may be configured differently, e.g., have one or more different properties, etc.
  • the core 412 may comprise a honeycomb type of low dielectric and low loss material (e.g., polycarbonate honeycomb, etc.) is used for a radome core between low loss composite skins or layers (broadly, portions).
  • the core 412 may comprise a thermoformable material, foam (e.g., thermoplastic foam, thermosetting foam, urethane foam, etc.), open cellular or porous structure with a low dielectric constant, other materials having a low dielectric constant, etc.
  • the core 412 comprises a thermoset core such that the radome 400 is thermoformed and cured.
  • the core 412 comprises a thermoplastic foam core such that the radome 400 is thermoformable.
  • the first and second layers 404, 408 may comprise reinforced fiber and low dielectric constant, low loss filler (e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, etc.) within a thermoset (e.g., epoxy, silicone, polyurethane, phenolic, other thermosetting polymers, resins, plastics, etc.).
  • the reinforced fiber may comprise fibers integrated into, incorporated, comingled, and/or embedded (e.g., calendered, etc.) within the thermoset.
  • the first and second layers 404, 408 may be configured to withstand high impacts and provide outdoor environmental protection.
  • the first and second layers 404, 408 may comprise a thermoplastic, thermoset, microspheres (e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, etc.), polycarbonate, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), prepreg fiberglass or prepreg composite thermoset with microspheres, other ultra low dielectric constant skins, etc.
  • microspheres e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, etc.
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • prepreg fiberglass or prepreg composite thermoset with microspheres other ultra low dielectric constant skins, etc.
  • the first and second layers 404, 408 may have a relatively low dielectric constant (e.g., lower than the dielectric constant of the first and second layers 304, 308 of radome 300, etc.) for a better high frequency bandwidth and good overall performance from about 18 GHz to about 90 GHz.
  • the radome 400 may be configured to have lower loss as a signal enters the material.
  • the radome 400 may be configured to provide better and/or allow for more constant off angle performance.
  • the first and second layers 404, 408 may each have a layer thickness within a range from about 0.25 millimeters (mm) to about 1 mm (e.g., 0.25 mm, 0.38 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, etc.). In other exemplary embodiments, either or both of the first and second layers 404, 408 may have a thickness less than 0.25 mm or more than 1 mm, etc. In exemplary embodiments, the first and second layers 404, 308 may each have about the same thickness. In other exemplary embodiments, the first and second layers 404, 408 may have different thicknesses than each other.
  • the radome 400 may be configured to have a dielectric strength of at least about 3.56 kilovolts per millimeter, an overall dielectric constant of about 2 or less, and/or an overall low loss tangent or dissipation factor (Df) about .05 or less at mmWave 5G frequencies (e.g., 28 GHz, 39 GHz, etc.) and/or frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 90 GHz and/or from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz and/or from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • Df overall low loss tangent or dissipation factor
  • the radome 400 may be configured to have a dielectric constant of about 2 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 90 GHz; and/or a dielectric constant of about 1.85 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz; and/or a dielectric constant of about 1.7 or less at frequencies from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • the radome 400 may comprise a partially cured B-stage material configured to be formed or shaped in three dimensions and fully cured; and/or a B-staged epoxy resin including fabric and/or fibers embedded therein.
  • the radome (e.g., radome 400 (FIG. 4), etc.) may be configured to have a low dielectric constant, low loss, and low weight.
  • the radome may be configured or suitable for outdoor applications with strong impact resistance, high tensile strength for structural requirements, and rigid.
  • the radome has an ultra low dielectric constant outer surface to enhance antenna signal performance and provide better impact resistance.
  • the low dielectric constant outer incident surface allows for less signal strength loss as the signal enters the material compared to an overall low dK material with a higher dielectric constant outer surface.
  • the radome may be used to provide environmental protection of antennas with very low signal interference.
  • the radome may be configured (e.g., optimized, etc.) for performance in 5G antenna applications.
  • the radome may have a low dielectric surface increasing radome performance with increased signal pass through strength.
  • the radome may be environmentally friendly solution meets including RoHS and REACH.
  • Table 3 below includes example properties that a radome (e.g., radome 400 (FIG. 4), etc.) may have in exemplary embodiments.
  • the radome e.g., radome 200 (FIG. 2), radome 300 (FIG. 3), etc.
  • the radome may be configured differently, e.g., have one or more different properties, etc.
  • FIG. 5 shows flat panels or sheets 520 made from materials comprising polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and microspheres (e.g., PC/PET blend and glass microspheres, etc.), which may be used for radomes according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • microspheres e.g., PC/PET blend and glass microspheres, etc.
  • a panel or sheet made from a PC/PET composite may have in exemplary embodiments may have the following example properties: dielectric constant between 1 and 1.9 up to 90 GHz (e.g., 1.80 up to 90 GHz, etc.), loss tangent ⁇ 0.01 (e.g., 0.0044, etc.), UL-94 V0 flame rating, dielectric strength/breakdown voltage greater than 2.3Kvac/mm, operating temperature from -40 °C to 125 °C, achievable minimum thickness post injection molding of 1.5 mm or 2 mm, tensile strength of 4400 psi or a minimum tensile strength of 50 MPa at 125 °C, Izod impact strength of 3.5 J/cm or 2.12 (ft-lbs/in), impact test survival at a 6.8Nm impact at -40 °C or 110 g at 1.5 m, water absorption (immersion) less than 0.1% by
  • a material comprises microspheres and/or fibers within a resin matrix.
  • the material may also comprise one or more impact modifiers within the resin matrix; and/or the resin matrix may comprise one or more of: polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate; liquid crystal polymer; polycarbonate and polyester; polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene; polyether ether ketone; and/or polyetherimide.
  • the material may be suitable for making low dielectric, low loss radomes.
  • the material may be injection moldable.
  • the material may have a dielectric constant less than 2 at frequencies up to 90 gigahertz and a UL94 flame rating of V0.
  • the resin matrix comprises a PC/PET blend of polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the material includes the microspheres within the PC/PET blend.
  • the material may include about 40 volume percent to about 60 volume percent of the PC/PET blend; and about 40 volume percent to about 60 volume percent of the microspheres.
  • the resin matrix comprises a blend of polycarbonate and polyester.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the blend of polycarbonate and polyester.
  • the resin matrix comprises a blend of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the blend of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
  • the resin matrix comprises liquid crystal polymer.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the liquid crystal polymer.
  • the resin matrix comprises polyether ether ketone.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the polyether ether ketone.
  • the resin matrix comprises the resin matrix comprises poly etherimide.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the poly etherimide.
  • the material includes the one or more impact modifiers within the resin matrix.
  • the one or more impact modifiers within the resin matrix may comprise one or more of acrylic styrene acrylonitrile, methacrylate butadiene styrene terpolymer, acrylate polymethacrylate copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymer, and/or polyacrylate.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the resin matrix that comprise hollow glass, plastic, and/or ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles.
  • the material may include glass microspheres within the resin matrix.
  • the material includes the fibers within the resin matrix that comprise one or more of flame -resistant meta-aramid material, open weave polymeric fabric, high-density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, high density plastic fibers with a low dielectric constant, and/or high density polypropylene fibers.
  • the material comprises flame retardant within the resin matrix.
  • the material has a dielectric constant less than 2 at frequencies up to 90 gigahertz and a UL94 flame rating of V0.
  • the material is compliant with ROHS Directive 2011/65/EU and (EU) 2015/863; and/or the material is compliant with REACH as containing less than 0.1% by weight of substances on the REACH/SVHC candidate list (June 25, 2020).
  • the resin matrix comprises a PC/PET blend of polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PCT/PET blend includes no more than a regulated threshold of 0.01% by weight of Cadmium, no more than a regulated threshold of 0.1% by weight of Lead, no more than a regulated threshold of 0.1% by weight of Mercury, no more than a regulated threshold of 0.1% by weight of Hexavalent chromium, no more than a regulated threshold of 0.1% by weight of flame retardants PBBs (polybrominated biphenyls) and PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) including pentabromodiphenyl ether (CAS-No.
  • octabromodiphenyl ether (CAS-No. 32536-52-0) and decabromodiphenyl ether (CAS-No. 1163-19-5), no more than a regulated threshold of 0.1% by weight of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (CAS-No. 117-81-7), no more than a regulated threshold of 0.1% by weight of Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) (CAS-No. 85-68-7), no more than a regulated threshold of 0.1% by weight of Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (CAS-No. 84-74-2), and no more than a regulated threshold of 0.1% by weight Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) (CAS-No. 84- 69-5).
  • DEHP Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
  • BBP Butyl benzyl phthalate
  • DBP Dibutyl phthalate
  • DIBP Diiso
  • the material is configured to have a dielectric constant less than 1.9 for frequencies up to 90 gigahertz and a loss tangent less than 0.01 for frequencies up to 90 gigahertz.
  • the resin matrix comprises a PC/PET blend of polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the material includes hollow glass microspheres within the PC/PET blend such that the material includes about 40 volume percent to about 60 volume percent of the PC/PET blend, and about 40 volume percent to about 60 volume percent of the hollow glass microspheres.
  • the material has a dielectric constant less than 2 at frequencies up to 90 GHz.
  • the material has a loss tangent less than 0.01 at frequencies up to 90 GHz.
  • the material has a UL94 flame rating of V0.
  • the material is injection moldable.
  • the material comprises thermoplastic injection moldable pellets.
  • a radome comprises at least a portion injection molded from a material as disclosed herein.
  • the entire radome may be injection molded from the material.
  • the radome may have a dielectric constant less than 2 for frequencies up to 90 gigahertz.
  • the radome may have a loss tangent less than 0.01 at frequencies up to 90 GHz.
  • the radome may have a UL94 flame rating of V0.
  • the radome may be configured for use with a mmWave 5G antenna, a 5G repeater, and/or a 5G to WiFi6 router.
  • the microspheres and/or the fibers are integrated into the resin matrix such that the radome does not have outer and inner skin layers disposed on opposite sides of a core that define a three-layer A-sandwich structure and/or such that the microspheres and/or fibers are integrated into the resin matrix such that the radome has a homogenous and/or unitary structure that is thermoformable prior to cure and/or that has a substantially uniform low dielectric constant less than 2 through a thickness of the radome.
  • a device may comprise a radome as disclosed herein.
  • the device may be a mmWave 5G antenna, a 5G repeater, and/or a 5G to WiFi6 router.
  • a method comprises injection molding a material to thereby provide at least a portion of the radome that is injection molded.
  • the material comprises microspheres and/or fibers within a resin matrix.
  • the material may also comprise one or more impact modifiers within the resin matrix; and/or the resin matrix may comprise one or more of: polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate; liquid crystal polymer; polycarbonate and polyester; polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene; polyether ether ketone; and/or poly etherimide.
  • the resin matrix comprises a PC/PET blend of polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the material includes the microspheres within the PC/PET blend.
  • the material may include about 40 volume percent to about 60 volume percent of the PC/PET blend and about 40 volume percent to about 60 volume percent of the microspheres.
  • the resin matrix comprises a blend of polycarbonate and polyester.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the blend of polycarbonate and polyester.
  • the resin matrix comprises a blend of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the blend of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
  • the resin matrix comprises liquid crystal polymer.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the liquid crystal polymer.
  • the resin matrix comprises polyether ether ketone.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the polyether ether ketone.
  • the resin matrix comprises a poly etherimide.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the polyetherimide.
  • the material includes the one or more impact modifiers within the resin matrix.
  • the one or more impact modifiers within the resin matrix may comprise one or more of acrylic styrene acrylonitrile, methacrylate butadiene styrene terpolymer, acrylate polymethacrylate copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymer, and/or polyacrylate.
  • the material includes the microspheres within the resin matrix that comprise hollow glass, plastic, and/or ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles; and/or the material includes the fibers within the resin matrix that comprise one or more of flame -resistant meta-aramid material, open weave polymeric fabric, high-density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, high density plastic fibers with a low dielectric constant, and/or high density polypropylene fibers.
  • the material further comprises flame retardant within the resin matrix.
  • the radome has a dielectric constant less than 2 at frequencies up to 90 gigahertz and a UL94 flame rating of V0.
  • the radome is compliant with ROHS Directive 2011/65/EU and (EU) 2015/863; and/or the radome is compliant with REACH as containing less than 0.1% by weight of substances on the REACH/SVHC candidate list (June 25, 2020).
  • the radome is configured to have a dielectric constant less than 1.9 for frequencies up to 90 gigahertz and a loss tangent less than 0.01 for frequencies up to 90 gigahertz.
  • the resin matrix comprises a PC/PET blend of polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the material includes hollow glass microspheres within the PC/PET blend such that the material includes about 40 volume percent to about 60 volume percent of the PC/PET blend and about 40 volume percent to about 60 volume percent of the hollow glass microspheres.
  • the radome has a dielectric constant less than 2 at frequencies up to 90 GHz.
  • the radome has a loss tangent less than 0.01 at frequencies up to 90 GHz.
  • the radome has a UL94 flame rating of V0.
  • the method includes injection molding the entire radome from the material.
  • the radome may have a dielectric constant less than 2 for frequencies up to 90 gigahertz, a loss tangent less than 0.01 at frequencies up to 90 GHz, and/or a UL94 flame rating of V0.
  • The may be configured for use with a mmWave 5G antenna, a 5G repeater, and/or a 5G to WiFi6 router.
  • the microspheres and/or the fibers are integrated into the resin matrix such that the radome does not have outer and inner skin layers disposed on opposite sides of a core that define a three-layer A-sandwich structure and/or such that the microspheres and/or fibers are integrated into the resin matrix such that the radome has a homogenous and/or unitary structure that is thermoformable prior to cure and/or that has a substantially uniform low dielectric constant less than 2 through a thickness of the radome.
  • an injection molded low dielectric, low loss radome may comprise fibers and/or microspheres within an injection moldable resin matrix.
  • the radome may be configured to have an overall dielectric constant within a range from about 1.5 to about 2.5 and an overall low loss tangent or dissipation factor (Df) less than about .01 at mmWave 5G frequencies (e.g., 28 GHz, 39 GHz, etc.) and/or frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 90 GHz and/or from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz and/or from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • Df overall low loss tangent or dissipation factor
  • the injection moldable resin may comprise polypropylene (PP) and/or polycarbonate/polybutylene terephthalate (PC/PBT) blend.
  • the fibers may comprise one or more of high-density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, high density plastic fibers with a low dielectric constant, and/or high density polypropylene fibers.
  • the microspheres may comprise one or more of hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, and/or hollow ceramic microspheres.
  • the injection molded low dielectric, low loss radome may be configured to have a dielectric constant of about 2 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 90 GHz; and/or a dielectric constant of about 1.85 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz; and/or a dielectric constant of about 1.7 or less at frequencies from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • the radome may be configured to have a dielectric constant of about 2 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 90 GHz; and/or a dielectric constant of about 1.85 or less at frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz; and/or a dielectric constant of about 1.7 or less at frequencies from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • a method of making a low dielectric, low loss radome comprises integrating fibers and microspheres into a matrix to thereby provide a radome having a homogenous and/or unitary structure with a substantially uniform low dielectric constant through a thickness of the radome.
  • the fibers and microspheres may be integrated into the matrix by calendering the fibers and microspheres into the matrix, to thereby provide a calendered one-piece structure that is thermoformable prior cure.
  • a method of making a low dielectric, low loss radome comprises thermoforming a thermoplastic core between first and second thermoplastic layers to thereby provide a thermoformed radome.
  • the method may include thermoforming the thermoplastic core between the first and second thermoplastic layers to thereby provide the thermoformed radome having a complex and/or curved shape.
  • the thermoplastic core may comprise a thermoplastic foam or a thermoplastic honeycomb.
  • the first and second thermoplastic layers may comprise a thermoplastic resin material.
  • a method of making a low dielectric, low loss radome comprises injection molding a composite material including a thermoplastic resin including microspheres and/or fibers to thereby provide an injection molded radome.
  • the thermoplastic resin may comprise polypropylene (PP) and/or polycarbonate/polybutylene terephthalate (PC/PBT) blend.
  • any one of the radome 100 (FIG. 1), radome 200 (FIG. 2), radome 300 (FIG. 3), radome 400 (FIG. 4), first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth radome samples described above, and other radomes disclosed herein may be provided with flame retardant in exemplary embodiments.
  • flame retardant may be applied along, integrated into, and/or embedded within at least a portion (e.g., the core and/or the outer and/or inner skins, layer, or portions, etc.) of a radome made according to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth radome samples.
  • flame retardant may be applied to and/or integrated into the honeycomb core of the second, third, fourth, and/or sixth radome samples, such that the radome’s core has a UL94 flame rating of V0.
  • the flame retardant may be applied as a sufficiently thin coating or layer along surfaces defining the open cells or pores of the honeycomb core so as to not completely block or occlude the open cells or pores of the honeycomb core.
  • low dielectric, low loss radomes may include calendering, thermal forming, compression molding with sheet molding compound (SMC) (e.g., polycarbonate, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), other sheet molding compound that is a ready to mold glass-fiber reinforced polyester material suitable for use with compression molding, etc.), etc.
  • SMC sheet molding compound
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • a method generally includes cutting and preparation of the fabrics, stacking and pre-forming of the fabrics, laying-up the fabrics, molding and curing the fabrics under heat and pressure, and demolding of the cured part.
  • cutting and preparation of the fabrics may including cutting and preparation of prepreg and sheet molding compound.
  • the prepreg e.g., multiple sheets of prepreg, etc.
  • the stacked/pre-formed prepreg and sheet molding compound may be positioned within a mold cavity, and then molded and cured under heat and pressure. The resulting cured part may then be demolded and removed from the mold cavity.
  • a radome may be made by a method or process (e.g., calendering, etc.) during which fibers/fabric are embedded, integrated, incorporated, comingled, and/or mixed within a thermoset or epoxy having microspheres (e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, etc.).
  • the embedded fibers/fabric preferably provide reinforcement and strength to the composite thermoset for carrying loads, whereas the low dielectric microspheres preferably help to reduce the overall dielectric constant.
  • the embedded fibers/fabric may comprise NOMEX flame-resistant meta-aramid material, DACRON open weave polymeric fabric, other open weave polymeric fabric, other prepreg or reinforcement, etc.
  • the radome material may be drawn or otherwise shaped in three dimensions.
  • the radome has a single unitary structure, e.g., does not have a 3-layer laminated A-sandwich structure, does not have separate outer and inner skin layers, etc.
  • a radome may be made by a B-staging method or process.
  • a radome may be made from a B-stage material (e.g., B-staged epoxy resin including fabric/fibers embedded therein, etc.) that is partially cured.
  • the partially cured B-stage material may then later be formed (e.g., drawn or otherwise shaped in three dimensions of the radome, etc.) and fully cured.
  • the B-staging method or process may allow for better handeability and/or processability.
  • the radome construction is anisotropic and/or configured to provide a performance enhancement by minimizing or reduce cross polarization differences between horizontal and vertical polarizations.
  • the radome may be configured to steer, direct, focus, reflect, or diffuse overlapping signals or beams having different polarizations for less divergence.
  • the radome may be configured to be anisotropic by embedding fibers when calendering or mixing microspheres such that the fibers have a predetermined orientation (e.g., oriented vertically and/or oriented horizontally, etc.). By orienting the fibers in a predetermined orientation(s), the radome may be configured to be anisotropic and have property(ies) that differ in different directions.
  • a relatively thin flame retardant coating or layer may be applied to and/or integrated into at least a portion of the radome such that the radome has a UL94 flame rating.
  • the flame retardant coating or layer may be sufficiently thin (e.g., a thickness within a range from about .002 microns to about .005 microns, etc.) so as to not completely occlude or block open cells of a core of the radome.
  • the radome is not sealed with a resin in order to also maintain an open cellular or porous structure for the radome. By maintaining the open cellular or porous structure for the radome, the relatively low dielectric constant of the radome may be maintained.
  • the flame retardant may comprise a phosphorous-based flame retardant (e.g., ammonium phosphate salt, etc.) that is halogen free.
  • a phosphorous-based flame retardant e.g., ammonium phosphate salt, etc.
  • the flame retardant may include no more than a maximum of 900 parts per million chlorine, no more than a maximum of 900 parts per million bromine, and no more than a maximum of 1,500 parts per million total halogens.
  • a radome includes a thermoplastic honeycomb core with or without flame retardant applied to and/or integrated into the core.
  • the core may be disposed between thermoplastic, thermoset, and/or fiber reinforced resin skin layers with or without flame retardant applied to and/or integrated into the skin layers.
  • the skin layers may comprise a thermoset or epoxy material with microspheres (e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, etc.). The microspheres may help to reduce the overall dielectric constant.
  • the skin layers may also include fibers/fabric integrated into, incorporated, comingled, and/or embedded therein.
  • the embedded fibers/fabric may help to provide reinforcement and strength for carrying loads.
  • the embedded fibers/ fabric may comprise NOMEX flame-resistant meta-aramid material, DACRON open weave polymeric fabric, other open weave polymeric fabric, other prepreg or reinforcement, etc.
  • a radome includes skin layers with or without flame retardant applied to or integrated into the skin layers.
  • the skin layers may comprise a thermoset material with microspheres (e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, etc.) and fibers/fabric prepreg (e.g., NOMEX flame-resistant meta-aramid material, DACRON open weave polymeric fabric, other open weave polymeric fabric, other prepreg or reinforcement, etc.).
  • microspheres e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, etc.
  • fibers/fabric prepreg e.g., NOMEX flame-resistant meta-aramid material, DACRON open weave polymeric fabric, other open weave polymeric fabric, other prepreg or reinforcement, etc.
  • the radome may include low loss dielectric thermoset material with or without flame retardant (e.g., applied thereto and/or integrated therein, etc.) and that includes microspheres (e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, etc.).
  • microspheres e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, etc.
  • Exemplary embodiments disclosed herein may include or provide one or more (but not necessarily any or all) of the following advantages or features, such as:
  • thermoset composite or epoxy with microspheres e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, etc.
  • microspheres e.g., hollow glass microspheres, hollow plastic microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, microballoons, or bubbles, etc.
  • thermoplastic honeycomb structure etc.
  • outer portions e.g., outer surfaces, skins, etc. that provide environmental protection and are capable of withstanding high impact; and/or
  • flame retardant e.g. , UL94 flammability certification of V0, etc.
  • a radome may be configured to provide outdoor environmental protection for 5G/mmWave antennas.
  • a radome may be configured for use with indoor antennas, repeaters (e.g., indoor 5G repeaters, etc.), routers (e.g., 5G to WiFi6 indoor routers, etc.), devices that convert 5G signals to WiFi for in-building use, e.g., commercial building installations, etc.
  • a radome may be configured for use as an in-building wireless radome, 5G small cell indoor radome, etc.
  • Exemplary embodiments disclosed herein may include or provide one or more (but not necessarily any or all) of the usage benefits, such as very low signal loss for high frequencies, ultra low dielectric constant material, rigid, impact resistant, good tensile strength for structural requirements, and/or lightweight.
  • Exemplary embodiments may accommodate for mmWave 5G frequencies (e.g., 28 GHz, 39 GHz, etc.) and/or frequencies from about 20 GHz to about 90 GHz and/or from about 20 GHz to about 50 GHz and/or from about 24 GHz to about 40 GHz.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the low dielectric constant radomes disclosed herein may allow power to be boosted (e.g., by about twenty-five percent or more, etc.) at 5G frequencies as compared to some conventional radomes, which power boost may be advantageous as 5G signals tend to have problems with penetration into buildings and homes.
  • Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms, and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well- known technologies are not described in detail.
  • parameter X may have a range of values from about A to about Z.
  • disclosure of two or more ranges of values for a parameter subsume all possible combination of ranges for the value that might be claimed using endpoints of the disclosed ranges.
  • parameter X is exemplified herein to have values in the range of 1 - 10, or 2 - 9, or 3 - 8, it is also envisioned that Parameter X may have other ranges of values including 1 - 9, 1 - 8, 1 - 3, 1 - 2, 2 - 10, 2 - 8, 2 - 3, 3 - 10, and 3 - 9.
  • first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
  • Spatially relative terms such as “inner,” “outer,” “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper”, “top”, “bottom”, and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature’s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s).
  • Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example term “below” may encompass both an orientation of above and below.
  • the device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des exemples de modes de réalisation de radômes à faible perte, diélectrique faible configurés pour avoir une constante diélectrique faible globale et une tangente de perte ou un facteur de dissipation faible global à des fréquences d'ondes millimétriques et/ou des fréquences relativement élevées. Un matériau pour les radômes comprend des microsphères et/ou des fibres dans une matrice de résine.
PCT/US2021/054705 2019-04-03 2021-10-13 Radômes à faible perte, diélectrique faible et matériaux pour radômes à faible perte, diélectrique faible WO2022132297A1 (fr)

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EP4353473A1 (fr) * 2022-10-11 2024-04-17 3D Core GmbH & Co. KG Composite stratifié avec matériau composite ignifuge

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US20140078016A1 (en) * 2010-12-14 2014-03-20 Dsm Assets B.V. Material for radomes and process for making the same
WO2020139569A1 (fr) * 2018-12-27 2020-07-02 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Conception de radôme à large bande
US20200308364A1 (en) * 2017-11-16 2020-10-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Polymer matrix composites comprising dielectric particles and methods of making the same
WO2020205923A1 (fr) * 2019-04-03 2020-10-08 Laird Technologies, Inc. Radômes à faible perte diélectrique
CN107459805B (zh) * 2016-06-06 2020-11-24 华为技术有限公司 一种基站天线罩及其制造方法

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US20140078016A1 (en) * 2010-12-14 2014-03-20 Dsm Assets B.V. Material for radomes and process for making the same
CN107459805B (zh) * 2016-06-06 2020-11-24 华为技术有限公司 一种基站天线罩及其制造方法
US20200308364A1 (en) * 2017-11-16 2020-10-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Polymer matrix composites comprising dielectric particles and methods of making the same
WO2020139569A1 (fr) * 2018-12-27 2020-07-02 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Conception de radôme à large bande
WO2020205923A1 (fr) * 2019-04-03 2020-10-08 Laird Technologies, Inc. Radômes à faible perte diélectrique

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