WO2022132131A1 - Kit multi-fluide pour impression textile - Google Patents

Kit multi-fluide pour impression textile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022132131A1
WO2022132131A1 PCT/US2020/065071 US2020065071W WO2022132131A1 WO 2022132131 A1 WO2022132131 A1 WO 2022132131A1 US 2020065071 W US2020065071 W US 2020065071W WO 2022132131 A1 WO2022132131 A1 WO 2022132131A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
pretreatment
inkjet ink
white
examples
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2020/065071
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dennis Z. Guo
Jie Zheng
Original Assignee
Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. filed Critical Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Priority to PCT/US2020/065071 priority Critical patent/WO2022132131A1/fr
Publication of WO2022132131A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022132131A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
    • C09D11/102—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
    • C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
    • C09D11/322—Pigment inks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
    • C09D11/40—Ink-sets specially adapted for multi-colour inkjet printing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/54—Inks based on two liquids, one liquid being the ink, the other liquid being a reaction solution, a fixer or a treatment solution for the ink
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06P1/5214—Polymers of unsaturated compounds containing no COOH groups or functional derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/5242—Polymers of unsaturated N-containing compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06P1/525—Polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or functional derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/5257—(Meth)acrylic acid
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5264—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • D06P1/5278—Polyamides; Polyimides; Polylactames; Polyalkyleneimines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5264—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • D06P1/5285—Polyurethanes; Polyurea; Polyguanides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/002—Locally enhancing dye affinity of a textile material by chemical means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/22—Effecting variation of dye affinity on textile material by chemical means that react with the fibre
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/22—Effecting variation of dye affinity on textile material by chemical means that react with the fibre
    • D06P5/225—Aminalization of cellulose; introducing aminogroups into cellulose
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/30—Ink jet printing

Definitions

  • Textile printing methods often include rotary and/or flat-screen printing.
  • Inkjet printing is a non-impact printing method that utilizes electronic signals to control and direct droplets or a stream of ink to be deposited on media.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of example multi-fluid kits and example textile printing kits, each of which includes an example of a pretreatment fluid and an example of a white inkjet ink;
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating an example printing method
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a printing system
  • Figs. 4A through Fig. 4C are black and white reproductions of originally colored photographs of comparative prints (Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B) and an example print (Fig. 4C) on a first polyester fabric, illustrating a reduction in dye migration for the example print;
  • Figs. 5A through Fig. 5C are black and white reproductions of originally colored photographs of comparative prints (Fig. 5A and Fig. 5B) and an example print (Fig. 5C) on a second polyester fabric, illustrating a reduction in dye migration for the example print.
  • the textile is a major industry, and printing on textiles, such as cotton, polyester, etc., has been evolving to include digital printing methods.
  • Some digital printing methods enable direct to garment (or other textile) printing.
  • White ink is one of the most heavily used inks in direct to garment printing. More than two-thirds of the direct to garment printing that is performed utilizes a white ink on a colored textile.
  • Obtaining white images with desirable opacity has proven to be challenging, in part because different textile fabrics introduce different obstacles that can affect the white print. As an example, cotton fabrics are more likely than polyester fabrics to have fibrillation (e.g., hair-like fibers sticking out of the fabric surface).
  • polyester fabrics are more likely than cotton fabrics to have dye migration (e.g., dye from the underlying textile migrates out of the fabric surface when exposed to heat).
  • Dye migration can color the white print.
  • Systems that are designed for printing on polyester fabrics and reducing dye migration are limiting because they are not suitable for other textiles and they are cost prohibitive for the average consumer.
  • a multi-fluid kit that is particularly suitable for obtaining white images, which may have desirable opacity, durability (i.e., washfastness), and quality.
  • the multi-fluid kit include at least a pretreatment fluid and a white inkjet ink.
  • Some examples of the multi-fluid kit also include a fixer fluid.
  • the pretreatment fluid includes urethane water repellant, which has been found to improve opacity and image quality on both cotton and polyester textile fabrics.
  • the urethane water repellant forms a film that imparts some hydrophobicity to the textile fabric.
  • the urethane water repellant allows the pigment of the white inkjet ink to be fixed at or near the surface of the textile fabric, which improves the opacity of the white image that is formed.
  • the film may be able to hold the hair-like fibers of the cotton textile fabric, which reduces fibrillation and improves image quality.
  • the fluids in the multi-fluid set may be efficiently cured at relatively low temperatures in an oven, which can reduce migration of the dye from the polyester textile fabric to the surface of the textile fabric, which, in turn, reduces coloration of the white print.
  • the opacity may be measured in terms of L* i.e. , lightness, of a white print generated on a colored textile fabric.
  • L* is measured in the CIELAB color space, and may be measured using any suitable color measurement instrument (such as those available from HunterLab or X-Rite).
  • the white inkjet ink when printed on the colored textile fabric pretreated with the pretreatment fluid and the fixer fluid disclosed herein, may generate prints that have a desirable L* value.
  • the durability of a print on a textile fabric may be assessed by its ability to retain color after being exposed to washing. This is also known as washfastness. Washfastness can be measured in terms of a change in L* before and after washing.
  • the fluid(s) and/or white inkjet ink disclosed herein may include different components with different acid numbers.
  • the term “acid number” refers to the mass of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in milligrams that is used to neutralize one (1 ) gram of a particular substance. The test for determining the acid number of a particular substance may vary, depending on the substance.
  • a known amount of a sample of the binder may be dispersed in water and the aqueous dispersion may be titrated with a polyelectrolyte titrant of a known concentration.
  • a current detector for colloidal charge measurement may be used.
  • An example of a current detector is the Mutek PCD-05 Smart Particle Charge Detector (available from BTG). The current detector measures colloidal substances in an aqueous sample by detecting the streaming potential as the sample is titrated with the polyelectrolyte titrant to the point of zero charge.
  • a suitable polyelectrolyte titrant is poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (i.e., PolyDADMAC). It is to be understood that any suitable test for a particular component may be used.
  • wt% active refers to the loading of an active component of a dispersion or other formulation that is present in the pretreatment fluid, the fixer fluid, or the white inkjet ink.
  • the white pigment may be present in a water-based formulation (e.g., a stock solution or dispersion) before being incorporated into the white inkjet ink.
  • the wt% actives of the white pigment accounts for the loading (as a weight percent) of the white pigment that is present in the white inkjet ink, and does not account for the weight of the other components (e.g., water, etc.) that are present in the formulation with the white pigment.
  • the term “wt%,” without the term actives, refers to either the loading (in the pretreatment fluid, the fixer fluid, or the white inkjet ink) of a 100% active component that does not include other non-active components therein.
  • molecular weight refers to weight average molecular weight (Mw), the units of which are g/mol or Daltons.
  • the viscosity measurements set forth herein represent those measured by a viscometer at a particular temperature and at a particular shear rate (s' 1 ) or at a particular speed.
  • the temperature and shear rate or temperature and speed are identified with individual values.
  • Viscosity may be measured, for example, by a Brookfield viscometer or another suitable instrument.
  • Fig. 1 Examples of the multi-fluid kit disclosed herein are shown schematically in Fig. 1 .
  • the multi-fluid kit 10 comprises a pretreatment fluid 12 including a urethane water repellant and a first aqueous vehicle; and a white inkjet ink 16, wherein the pretreatment fluid 12 and the white inkjet ink 16 are maintained separately in the multi-fluid kit 10.
  • Another example of the multi-fluid kit 10 includes a fixer fluid 14, which includes a cationic polymer and a second aqueous vehicle.
  • any example of the pretreatment fluid 12, the fixer fluid 14 (when included), and the white inkjet ink 16 disclosed herein may be used in the examples of the multi-fluid kit 10.
  • the multi-fluid kit 10 includes a pretreatment fluid 12 that is formulated for analog application (e.g., by a squeegee, a roller, a sprayer, or a screen) or piezoelectric inkjet printing and a white inkjet ink 16 that is formulated for thermal or piezoelectric inkjet printing.
  • a fixer fluid 14 that is formulated for thermal or piezoelectric inkjet printing.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12, the fixer fluid 14 (when included), and the white inkjet ink 16 may be maintained in separate containers (e.g., respective reservoirs/fluid supplies of respective inkjet cartridges) or separate compartments (e.g., respective reservoirs/fluid supplies) in a single container (e.g., inkjet cartridge).
  • Examples of the fluid kit 10 may also be part of a kit 20 for textile printing, which is also shown schematically in Fig. 1.
  • the textile printing kit 20 includes a textile fabric 18, a pretreatment fluid 12 including a urethane water repellant and a first aqueous vehicle; and a white inkjet ink 16, wherein the pretreatment fluid 12 and the white inkjet ink 16 are maintained separately in the kit 20.
  • the textile printing kit 20 includes a textile fabric 18, a pretreatment fluid 12 including a urethane water repellant and a first aqueous vehicle; a fixer fluid 14 including a cationic polymer and a second aqueous vehicle; and a white inkjet ink 16, wherein the pretreatment fluid 12, the fixer fluid 14, and the white inkjet ink 16 are maintained separately in the kit 20.
  • any example of the pretreatment fluid 12, the fixer fluid 14 (when included), and the white inkjet ink 16 disclosed herein may be used in the examples of the textile printing kit 20.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 includes a urethane water repellant and an aqueous vehicle.
  • This aqueous vehicle may be referred to herein as the “first aqueous vehicle” or the pretreatment aqueous vehicle.
  • the urethane water repellant is synthesized from an isocyanate selected from the group consisting of a diisocyanate, a polyisocyanate, and mixtures thereof; and a plant-based isocyanate-reactive compound selected from the group consisting of a substituted reduced sugar alcohol, an alkyl citrate, and a pentaerythriol ester.
  • Example diisocyanates include 2,2,4 (or 2, 4, 4)-trimethylhexane-1 ,6-diisocyanate (TMDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and/or 1 -lsocyanato-4-[(4- isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane (H12MDI), etc., or combinations thereof. Others can likewise be used alone, or in combination with these diisocyanates, or in combination with other diisocyanates.
  • Example polyisocyanates include diisocyanate trimers, such as hexamethylene diisocyanate trimers (e.g., DESMODUR® N-100, available from Bayer Corp.), or other triisocyanates, such as the isocyanurate trimer of toluene diisocyanate, the isocyanurate trimer of 3- isocyanatomethyl-3,4,4-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, or methane-tris- (phenylisocyanate).
  • diisocyanate trimers such as hexamethylene diisocyanate trimers (e.g., DESMODUR® N-100, available from Bayer Corp.)
  • triisocyanates such as the isocyanurate trimer of toluene diisocyanate, the isocyanurate trimer of 3- isocyanatomethyl-3,4,4
  • the plant-based isocyanate-reactive compound is selected from the group consisting of a substituted reduced sugar alcohol, an alkyl citrate, and a pentaerythriol ester.
  • the plant-based isocyanate-reactive compound is selected from the group consisting of the substituted reduced sugar alcohol having the structure (la):
  • each R is independently a direct bond to the carbon of -NHC(O)-, -H, -R 1 , -C(O)R 1 , -(CH 2 CH 2 O)n(CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m R 2 and -(CH 2 CH 2 O)n(CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m C(O)R 1 ; each n is independently 0 to 20; each m is independently 0 to 20; m+n is greater than 0; r is 1 to 3; a is 0 or 1 ; p is independently 0 to 2; provided that a is 0 when r is 3; each R 1 is independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 29 carbons optionally including at least 1 unsaturated bond; each R 2 is independently -H or a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbons optionally including at least 1 unsaturated bond; wherein, in structure lb, each R 3 is independently a
  • the plant-based isocyanate-reactive compound is the substituted reduced sugar alcohol of structure la
  • at least one R is the direct bond to the carbon of -NHC(O)-
  • at least one other R is -H, -R 1 , -C(O)R 1 , - (CH 2 CH2O)n(CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m R 2 and -(CH 2 CH2O)n(CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m C(O)R 1 .
  • the other R groups of structure la may be any of the examples set forth herein. As such, mixtures of different R groups may be used.
  • the example has the structure (la’): wherein R is further limited to independently being a direct bond to the carbon of - NHC(O)-, -H, -R 1 , or -C(O)R 1 (where R 1 is as defined herein).
  • R in structure la’ is a direct bond to the carbon of -NHC(O)- and each other R is an -H.
  • one R in structure la’ is a direct bond to the carbon of -NHC(O)-, one R is an -H, and each other R is independently -R 1 or -C(O)R 1 .
  • Some examples of structure la’ are known as alkyl sorbitans.
  • the plant-based isocyanate-reactive compound is the alkyl citrate having the structure lb
  • at least one R or R 3 is the direct bond to the carbon of -NHC(O)-. If R is the direct bond to the carbon of -NHC(O)-, then at least one R 3 is a linear or branched alky group having 6 to 30 carbons optionally including at least 1 unsaturated bond, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH2O) m R 2 , or - (CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH 3 )CH2O)mC(O)R 1 .
  • the other R 3 groups of structure lb may be any of the examples set forth herein. If R 3 is the direct bond to the carbon of -NHC(O)-, then R is -(CH 2 CH2O) n (CH(CH3)CH 2 O) m R 2 or - (CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH 3 )CH2O)mC(O)R 1 . In this example, the other R 3 groups of structure lb may be any of the examples set forth herein.
  • the plant-based isocyanate-reactive compound is the pentaerythriol ester having the structure Ic
  • at least one R or R 4 is the direct bond to the carbon of -NHC(O)-. If R is the direct bond to the carbon of - NHC(O)-, then R 4 is -H, -C(O)R 1 , or -CH2C[CH 2 OR] 3 , and each other R may be any of the examples set forth herein.
  • R 4 is the direct bond to the carbon of -NHC(O)-, then at least one R is -C(O)R 1 , or -CH2C[CH 2 OR] 3 , and each other R may be any of the examples set forth herein.
  • the plant-based isocyanate-reactive compound may be reacted with the isocyanate to form a hydrophobic urethane compound of the formula -NHC(O)-X-, where X is the residue of the plant-based isocyanate-reactive compounds disclosed herein.
  • Dry organic solvents free of isocyanate-reactive groups e.g., ketones
  • catalyst(s) e.g., iron(lll) chloride, sodium carbonate, etc.
  • water may be used during the reaction, which is continued until all of the isocyanate groups are reacted.
  • the final hydrophobic urethane compound contains from about 0% to about 1 % of reactive isocyanate groups.
  • the molecular weight of the hydrophobic urethane compound is at least 10,000.
  • the -NHC(O)-X- linkage makes up from about 30% to 100% by mol of the total urethane linkages in the hydrophobic urethane compound.
  • This hydrophobic urethane compound is the urethane water repellant.
  • a suitable urethane water repellant is commercially available from Huntsman and is based on technology from Chemours under the tradename ZELANTM R3.
  • the urethane water repellant may be present in the pretreatment fluid 12 in an amount ranging from about 3 wt% active to about 40 wt% active based on a total weight of the pretreatment fluid 12.
  • the amount used may be determined, in part, by the method that is to be used to deposit the pretreatment fluid 12.
  • the pretreatment fluid is an analog fluid (to be applied using analog coating methods), and the urethane water repellant is present in an amount ranging from about 3 wt% active to about 25 wt% active based on a total weight of the pretreatment fluid 12.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 is a piezoelectric inkjet fluid, and the urethane water repellant is present in an amount ranging from about 3 wt% active to about 20 wt% active based on the total weight of the pretreatment fluid 12.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 may be prepared by adding the desirable amount of the urethane water repellant to water.
  • the water may be deionized or some other form of purified water.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 consists of the water and the urethane water repellant.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 has a pH ranging from about 3 to about 6.
  • Suitable pH ranges for examples of the pretreatment fluid 12 may include from about 3.25 to about 5.75, from about 4 to about 6, or from about 3.5 to about 5.5. In one example, the pH of the pretreatment fluid 12 is about 4. In some instances, a pH adjuster may be added to the pretreatment fluid 12 to obtain the desired pH.
  • Examples of a suitable pH adjuster that may be used in the pretreatment fluid 12 include acetic acid, formic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methane sulfonic acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid. While the amount of pH adjuster added depends on the desired pH, in an example, the total amount of pH adjuster(s) in the pretreatment fluid 12 ranges from greater than 0 wt% to about 0.1 wt% (based on the total weight of the pretreatment fluid 12).
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 consists of the water and the urethane water repellant. In other examples, the pretreatment fluid 12 consists of the water, the urethane water repellant, and the pH adjuster. In any of these examples, the pretreatment fluid 12 includes no other components.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 may include other additives, such as a co-solvent, a surfactant, and combinations thereof.
  • the surfactant in the pretreatment fluid 12 may be any non-ionic surfactant or cationic surfactant.
  • non-ionic surfactant may include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amide, alkylalkanolamide, polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol block copolymer, acetylene glycol, and a polyoxyethylene adduct of acetylene glycol.
  • non-ionic surfactant may include polyoxyethylenenonyl phenylether, polyoxyethyleneoctyl phenylether, and polyoxyethylenedodecyl.
  • Further examples of the non-ionic surfactant may include silicon surfactants such as a polysiloxane oxyethylene adduct; fluorine surfactants such as perfluoroalkylcarboxylate, perfluoroalkyl sulfonate, and oxyethyleneperfluoro alkylether; and biosurfactants such as spiculisporic acid, rhamnolipid, and lysolecithin.
  • non-ionic surfactant examples include a silicone-free alkoxylated alcohol surfactant such as, for example, TEGO® Wet 510 (Evonik Degussa) and/or a self-emulsifiable wetting agent based on acetylenic diol chemistry, such as, for example, SURFYNOL® SE-F (Evonik Degussa).
  • a silicone-free alkoxylated alcohol surfactant such as, for example, TEGO® Wet 510 (Evonik Degussa) and/or a self-emulsifiable wetting agent based on acetylenic diol chemistry, such as, for example, SURFYNOL® SE-F (Evonik Degussa).
  • non-ionic surfactants include SURFYNOL® 465 (ethoxylatedacetylenic diol), SURFYNOL® 440 (an ethoxylated low-foam wetting agent) SURFYNOL® CT-211 (now CARBOWET® GA-211 , non-ionic, alkylphenylethoxylate and solvent free), and SURFYNOL® 104 (non-ionic wetting agent based on acetylenic diol chemistry), (all of which are from Evonik Degussa); ZONYL® FSO (a.k.a.
  • CAPSTONE® which is a water-soluble, ethoxylated non-ionic fluorosurfactant from DuPont
  • TERGITOL® TMN-3 and TERGITOL® TMN-6 both of which are branched secondary alcohol ethoxylate, non-ionic surfactants
  • TERGITOL® 15-S-3, TERGITOL® 15-S-5, and TERGITOL® 15-S-7 (each of which is a secondary alcohol ethoxylate, non-ionic surfactant) (all of the TERGITOL® surfactants are available from The Dow Chemical Company)
  • BYK® 345, BYK® 346, BYK® 347, BYK® 348, BYK® 349 each of which is a silicone surfactant
  • Examples of the cationic surfactant include quaternary ammonium salts, such as benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, methylbenzethonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, cetrimonium, cetrimide, dofanium chloride, tetraethylammonium bromide, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, domiphen bromide, alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, distearyldimethylammonium chloride, diethyl ester dimethyl ammonium chloride, dipalmitoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate, and ACCOSOFT® 808 (methyl (1 ) tallow amidoethyl (2) tallow imidazolinium methyl sulfate available from Stepan Company).
  • Other examples of the cationic surfactant include amine oxides, such as lauryld
  • the surfactant may be present in the pretreatment fluid 12 in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% active to about 5 wt% active (based on the total weight of the pretreatment fluid 12). In an example, the surfactant is present in the pretreatment fluid 12 in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% active to about 3 wt% active, based on the total weight of the pretreatment fluid 12. In another example, the surfactant is present in the pretreatment fluid 12 in an amount of about 0.3 wt% active, based on the total weight of the pretreatment fluid 12.
  • the co-solvent in the pretreatment fluid 12 may be a water soluble or water miscible co-solvent.
  • co-solvents examples include alcohols, amides, esters, ketones, lactones, and ethers.
  • the co-solvent may include aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, diols, glycol ethers, polyglycol ethers, caprolactams, formamides, acetamides, and long chain alcohols.
  • Examples of such compounds include primary aliphatic alcohols, secondary aliphatic alcohols, 1 ,2-alcohols, 1 ,3- alcohols, 1 ,5-alcohols, ethylene glycol alkyl ethers, propylene glycol alkyl ethers (e.g., DOWANOLTM TPM (from Dow Chemical), higher homologs (C6-C12) of polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, N-alkyl caprolactams, unsubstituted caprolactams, both substituted and unsubstituted formamides, both substituted and unsubstituted acetamides, and the like.
  • DOWANOLTM TPM from Dow Chemical
  • alcohols may include ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol.
  • Other specific examples include 2-ethyl-2- (hydroxymethyl)-l ,3-propane diol (EPHD), dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, and/or alkyldiols such as 1 ,2-hexanediol.
  • the co-solvent may also be a polyhydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol derivative.
  • polyhydric alcohols may include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1 ,5-pentanediol, 1 ,2- hexanediol, 1 ,2,6-hexanetriol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, and xylitol.
  • Examples of polyhydric alcohol derivatives may include an ethylene oxide adduct of diglycerin.
  • the co-solvent may also be a nitrogen-containing solvent. Examples of nitrogen-containing solvents may include 2-pyrrolidone, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2- pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, cyclohexylpyrrolidone, and triethanolamine.
  • the co-solvent(s) may be present in the pretreatment fluid 12 in an amount ranging from about 4 wt% to about 30 wt% (based on the total weight of the pretreatment fluid 12). In an example, the total amount of co-solvent(s) present in the pretreatment fluid 12 is about 10 wt% (based on the total weight of the pretreatment fluid 12).
  • the viscosity of the pretreatment fluid 12 may vary depending upon the application method that is to be used to apply the pretreatment fluid 12. As an example, when the pretreatment fluid 12 is to be applied with an analog applicator, the viscosity of the pretreatment fluid 12 may range from about 1 centipoise (cP) to about 300 cP (at 20°C to 25°C and a shear rate of about 3,000 Hz). When the pretreatment fluid 12 is to be applied with an piezoelectric inkjet applicator/printhead, the viscosity of the pretreatment fluid 12 may range from about 1 cP to about 20 cP (at 20°C to 25°C and a shear rate of about 3,000 Hz).
  • the fixer fluid 14 includes a cationic polymer and a fixer vehicle, which is also referred to herein as a second aqueous vehicle.
  • the fixer fluid 14 consists of the cationic polymer and the fixer vehicle.
  • the fixer fluid 14 may include additional components.
  • the cationic polymer included in the fixer fluid 14 has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 3,000 to about 3,000,000.
  • the cationic polymer of the fixer fluid 14 is selected from the group consisting of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride); poly(methylene-co- guanidine) anion, wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, and sulfonates; a polyamine; poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin); a polyethylenimine; a polyamide epichlorohydrin resin; a polyamine epichlorohydrin resin; and a combination thereof.
  • polyamine epichlorohydrin resins may include CREPETROLTM 73, KYMENETM 736, KYMENETM 736NA, POLYCUPTM 7360, and POLYCUPTM 7360A, each of which is available from Solenis LLC.
  • the cationic polymer of the fixer fluid 14 is present in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% active to about 15 wt% active based on a total weight of the fixer fluid 14. In further examples, the cationic polymer is present in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% active to about 10 wt% active; or from about 4 wt% active to about 8 wt% active; or from about 2 wt% active to about 7 wt% active; or from about 6 wt% active to about 10 wt% active, based on a total weight of the fixer fluid 14. [0053] In addition to the cationic polymer, the fixer fluid 14 also includes the fixer vehicle. As used herein, the terms “fixer vehicle” and “second aqueous vehicle” may refer to the liquid in which the cationic polymer is mixed to form the fixer fluid 14.
  • the fixer vehicle includes a surfactant, a co-solvent, an anti-kogation agent, and a balance of water.
  • the fixer fluid 14 further comprises a pH adjuster.
  • some examples of the fixer vehicle (and thus the fixer fluid 14) include a surfactant, a co-solvent, an anti-kogation agent, and/or a pH adjuster.
  • the surfactant in the fixer fluid 14 may be any of the non-ionic surfactants or the cationic surfactants set forth herein for the pretreatment fluid 12.
  • the surfactant may be present in the fixer fluid 14 in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% active to about 5 wt% active (based on the total weight of the fixer fluid 14). In an example, the surfactant is present in the fixer fluid 14 in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% active to about 3 wt% active, based on the total weight of the fixer fluid 14. In another example, the surfactant is present in fixer fluid 14 in an amount of about 0.3 wt% active, based on the total weight of the fixer fluid 14.
  • the co-solvent in the fixer fluid 14 may be any examples of the water soluble or water miscible co-solvent set forth herein for the pretreatment fluid 12.
  • the co-solvent(s) may be present in the fixer fluid 14 an amount ranging from about 4 wt% to about 30 wt% (based on the total weight of the fixer fluid 14). In an example, the total amount of co-solvent(s) present in the fixer fluid 14 is about 10 wt% (based on the total weight of the fixer fluid 14).
  • An anti-kogation agent may also be included in the fixer fluid 14 when it is to be thermal inkjet printed.
  • Kogation refers to the deposit of dried printing liquid on a heating element of a thermal inkjet printhead.
  • Anti-kogation agent(s) is/are included to assist in preventing the buildup of kogation.
  • the anti-kogation agent may improve the jettability of the fixer fluid 14.
  • the anti-kogation agent(s) may be present in the fixer fluid 14 in a total amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% active to about 1 .5 wt% active, based on the total weight of the fixer fluid 14.
  • the anti-kogation agent(s) is/are present in an amount of about 0.5 wt% active, based on the total weight of the fixer fluid 14.
  • Suitable anti-kogation agents include oleth-3-phosphate (commercially available as CRODAFOSTM O3A or CRODAFOSTM N-3A), oleth-5- phosphate (commercially available as CRODAFOSTM O5A), or dextran 500k.
  • anti-kogation agents include CRODAFOSTM HCE (phosphate-ester from Croda Int.), CRODAFOSTM CES (phosphate-based emulsifying and conditioning wax from Croda Int.), CRODAFOS® N10 (oleth-10-phosphate from Croda Int.), or DISPERSOGEN® LFH (polymeric dispersing agent with aromatic anchoring groups, acid form, anionic, from Clariant), etc. It is to be understood that any combination of the anti-kogation agents listed may be used.
  • a pH adjuster may also be included in the fixer fluid 14.
  • a pH adjuster may be included in the fixer fluid 14 to achieve a desired pH (e.g., about 4) and/or to counteract any slight pH increase that may occur over time.
  • An example of a suitable pH adjuster that may be used in the fixer fluid 14 includes acetic acid, formic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methane sulfonic acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid.
  • the total amount of pH adjuster(s) in the fixer fluid 14 ranges from greater than 0 wt% to about 0.1 wt% (based on the total weight of the fixer fluid 14).
  • the total amount of pH adjuster(s) in the fixer fluid 14 is about 0.03 wt% (based on the total weight of the fixer fluid 14).
  • the pH of the fixer fluid 14 may be less than 7. As examples, the pH may range from about 2 to less than 7, from about 5.5 to less than 7, from about 5 to less than 6.6, or from about 5.5 to about 6.6. In one example, the pH of the fixer fluid 14 is about 4.
  • the balance of the fixer fluid 14 is water. As such, the weight percentage of the water present in the fixer fluid 14 will depend, in part, upon the weight percentages of the other components.
  • the water may be purified water or deionized water.
  • the viscosity of the fixer fluid 14 may vary depending upon the application method that is to be used to apply the fixer fluid 14. As an example, when the fixer fluid 14 is to be applied with an analog applicator, the viscosity of the fixer fluid 14 may range from about 20 centipoise (cP) to about 300 cP (at 20°C to 25°C and a shear rate of about 3,000 Hz).
  • the viscosity of the fixer fluid 14 may range from about 1 cP to about 9 cP (at 20°C to 25°C and a shear rate of about 3,000 Hz), and when the fixer fluid 14 is to be applied with an piezoelectric inkjet applicator/printhead, the viscosity of the fixer fluid 14 may range from about 1 cP to about 20 cP (at 20°C to 25°C and a shear rate of about 3,000 Hz).
  • the white inkjet ink 16 includes a white pigment, a polymeric binder, and an ink vehicle (the latter of which may be referred to herein as the third aqueous vehicle).
  • the white inkjet ink 16 consists of the white pigment, the polymeric binder, and the ink vehicle.
  • the white inkjet ink 16 may include additional components.
  • the white pigment may be incorporated into the ink vehicle to form the white inkjet ink 16.
  • the white pigment may be incorporated as a white pigment dispersion.
  • the white pigment dispersion may include a white pigment and a separate pigment dispersant.
  • the white pigment and separate pigment dispersant may be dispersed in water alone or in combination with an additional water soluble or water miscible co-solvent, such as 2-pyrrolidone, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, glycerol, 2-methyl-1 ,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1 ,3-propanediol, 1 ,2-butane diol, diethylene glycol, 1 ,3-propanediol, 1 ,4- butanediol, 1 ,5-pentanediol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, or a combination thereof.
  • an additional water soluble or water miscible co-solvent such as 2-pyrrolidone, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, glycerol, 2-methyl-1 ,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1
  • white pigments include white metal oxide pigments, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), or the like.
  • the white pigment is titanium dioxide.
  • the titanium dioxide is in its rutile form.
  • the white pigment may include white metal oxide pigment particles coated with silicon dioxide (SiO2).
  • the white metal oxide pigment content to silicon dioxide content can be from 100:3.5 to 5:1 by weight.
  • the white pigment may include white metal oxide pigment particles coated with silicon dioxide (SiO2) and aluminum oxide (AI2O3).
  • the white metal oxide pigment content to total silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide content can be from 50:3 to 4:1 by weight.
  • TI- PURE® R960 TiO 2 pigment powder with 5.5 wt% silica and 3.3 wt% alumina (based on pigment content) available from Chemours.
  • the white pigment includes TI-PURE® R931 (TiO2 pigment powder with 10.2 wt% silica and 6.4 wt% alumina (based on pigment content)) available from Chemours. Still another example of the white pigment includes TI-PURE® R706 (TiO 2 pigment powder with 3.0 wt% silica and 2.5 wt% alumina (based on pigment content)) available from Chemours.
  • the white pigment may have high light scattering capabilities, and the average particle size of the white pigment may be selected to enhance light scattering and lower transmittance, thus increasing opacity.
  • the average particle size of the white pigment may range anywhere from about 10 nm to about 2000 nm. In some examples, the average particle size ranges from about 120 nm to about 2000 nm, from about 150 nm to about 1000 nm, from about 150 nm to about 750 nm, or from about 200 nm to about 500 nm. Smaller particles may be desirable depending upon the jetting architecture that is used.
  • the term “average particle size”, as used herein, may refer to a volume-weighted mean diameter of a particle distribution.
  • the amount of the white pigment in the dispersion may range from about 20 wt% to about 60 wt%, based on the total weight of the dispersion.
  • the white pigment dispersion may then be incorporated into the ink vehicle so that the white pigment is present in an active amount that is suitable for the inkjet printing architecture that is to be used.
  • the white pigment dispersion is incorporated into the ink vehicle so that the white pigment is present in an amount ranging from about 3 wt% active to about 20 wt% active, based on a total weight of the white inkjet ink 16.
  • the white pigment dispersion is incorporated into the ink vehicle so that the white pigment is present in an amount ranging from about 5 wt% active to about 20 wt% active, or from about 5 wt% active to about 15 wt% active, based on a total weight of the white inkjet ink 16.
  • the white pigment dispersion is incorporated into the ink vehicle so that the white pigment is present in an amount of about 10 wt% active or about 9.75 wt% active, based on a total weight of the white inkjet ink 16.
  • the white pigment may be dispersed with the pigment dispersant.
  • the pigment dispersant is selected from the group consisting of a water- soluble acrylic acid polymer, a branched co-polymer of a comb-type structure with polyether pendant chains and acidic anchor groups attached to a backbone, and a combination thereof.
  • water-soluble acrylic acid polymer examples include CARBOSPERSE® K7028 (polyacrylic acid having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 2,300), CARBOSPERSE® K752 (polyacrylic acid having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 2,000), CARBOSPERSE® K7058 (polyacrylic acid having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 7,300), and CARBOSPERSE® K732 (polyacrylic acid having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 6,000), all available from Lubrizol Corporation.
  • CARBOSPERSE® K7028 polyacrylic acid having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 2,300
  • CARBOSPERSE® K752 polyacrylic acid having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 2,000
  • CARBOSPERSE® K7058 polyacrylic acid having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 7,300
  • branched co-polymer of the comb-type structure with polyether pendant chains and acidic anchor groups attached to the backbone include DISPERBYK®-190 (an acid number of about 10 mg KOH/g) and DISPERBYK®-199, both available from BYK Additives and Instruments, as well as DISPERSOGEN® PCE available from Clariant.
  • the amount of the pigment dispersant in the dispersion may range from about 0.1 wt% to about 2 wt%, based on the total weight of the dispersion.
  • the white pigment dispersion may then be incorporated into the ink vehicle so that the pigment dispersant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% active to about 0.5 wt% active, based on a total weight of the white inkjet ink 16. In one of these examples, the dispersant is present in an amount of about 0.04 wt% active, based on a total weight of the white inkjet ink 16.
  • the pigment dispersant includes both the water-soluble acrylic acid polymer and the branched co-polymer of the comb-type structure with polyether pendant chains and acidic anchor groups attached to the backbone.
  • the pigment dispersant includes CARBOSPERSE® K7028 and DISPERBYK®-190.
  • the pigment dispersant includes both the water-soluble acrylic acid polymer and the branched co-polymer of the combtype structure with polyether pendant chains and acidic anchor groups attached to the backbone, where the water-soluble acrylic acid polymer is present in an amount ranging from about 0.02 wt% active to about 0.4 wt% active, and the branched copolymer of the comb-type structure with polyether pendant chains and acidic anchor groups attached to the backbone is present in an amount ranging from about 0.03 wt% active to about 0.6 wt% active.
  • the white inkjet ink 16 also includes a polymeric binder, which is one of: a polyurethane-based binder selected from the group consisting of a polyesterpolyurethane binder, a polyether-polyurethane binder, a polycarbonate-polyurethane binder, and combinations thereof; or an acrylic latex binder.
  • a polymeric binder which is one of: a polyurethane-based binder selected from the group consisting of a polyesterpolyurethane binder, a polyether-polyurethane binder, a polycarbonate-polyurethane binder, and combinations thereof; or an acrylic latex binder.
  • the polymeric binder in the white inkjet ink 16 is a polyurethane-based binder selected from the group consisting of a polyesterpolyurethane binder, a polyether-polyurethane binder, a polycarbonate-polyurethane binder, and combinations thereof.
  • the white inkjet ink 16 includes the polyester-polyurethane binder.
  • the polyester-polyurethane binder is an anionic sulfonated polyester-polyurethane binder.
  • the sulfonated polyester-polyurethane binder can include diaminesulfonate groups.
  • the polymeric binder is the polyester- polyurethane binder.
  • the polyester-polyurethane binder is a sulfonated polyester- polyurethane binder, and is one of: i) an aliphatic compound including multiple saturated C4 to C10 carbon chains and/or an alicyclic carbon moiety, that is devoid of an aromatic moiety, or ii) an aromatic compound including an aromatic moiety and multiple saturated carbon chain portions ranging from C4 to C10 in length.
  • the sulfonated polyester-polyurethane binder can be anionic.
  • the sulfonated polyester-polyurethane binder can also be aliphatic, including saturated carbon chains as part of the polymer backbone or as a side-chain thereof, e.g., C2 to C10, C3 to C9, or C3 to Ce alkyl.
  • the sulfonated polyester- polyurethane binder can also contain alicyclic carbon moiety. These polyester- polyurethane binders can be described as “aliphatic” because these carbon chains are saturated and because they are devoid of aromatic moieties.
  • An example of a commercially available anionic aliphatic polyester-polyurethane binder that can be used is IMPRANIL® DLN-SD (Mw 133,000; Acid Number 5.2; Tg -47°C; Melting Point 175-200°C) from Covestro.
  • Example components used to prepare the IMPRANIL® DLN-SD or other anionic aliphatic polyester-polyurethane binders suitable for the examples disclosed herein can include pentyl glycols (e.g., neopentyl glycol); C4 to C10 alkyldiol (e.g., hexane-1 ,6-diol); C4 to C10 alkyl dicarboxylic acids (e.g., adipic acid); C4 to C10 alkyldiamine (e.g., (2, 4, 4)-trimethylhexane-1 ,6-diamine (TMD), isophorone diamine (IPD)); C4 to C10 alkyl diisocyanates (e.g., hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), (2, 4, 4)-trimethylhexane-1 ,6-di isocyanate (TMDI)); alicyclic diisocyanates (e.g.,
  • IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
  • H6XDI 1 ,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane
  • diamine sulfonic acids e.g., 2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid
  • the sulfonated polyester-polyurethane binder can be aromatic (or include an aromatic moiety) and can include aliphatic chains.
  • An example of an anionic aromatic polyester-polyurethane binder that can be used is DISPERCOLL® U42.
  • Example components used to prepare the DISPERCOLL® U42 or other similar aromatic polyester-polyurethane binders can include aromatic dicarboxylic acids, e.g., phthalic acid; C 4 to C-i 0 alkyl dialcohols (e.g., hexane-1 ,6-diol); C 4 to C10 alkyl diisocyanates (e.g., hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)); diamine sulfonic acids (e.g., 2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid); etc.
  • aromatic dicarboxylic acids e.g., phthalic acid
  • C 4 to C-i 0 alkyl dialcohols e.g., hexane-1 ,6-diol
  • C 4 to C10 alkyl diisocyanates e.g., hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)
  • anionic polyester-polyurethanes can also be used, including IMPRANIL® DL 1380, which can be somewhat more difficult to jet from thermal inkjet printheads compared to IMPRANIL® DLN-SD and DISPERCOLL® U42, but still can be acceptably jetted in some examples, and can also provide acceptable washfastness results on a variety of fabric types.
  • the polyester-polyurethane binders disclosed herein may have a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 20,000 to about 300,000.
  • the polymeric binder is the polyester-polyurethane binder
  • the polyester-polyurethane binder has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 20,000 to about 300,000.
  • the weight average molecular weight can range from about 50,000 to about 1 ,000,000, from about 100,000 to about 400,000, or from about 150,000 to about 300,000.
  • the polyester-polyurethane binders disclosed herein may have an acid number that ranges from about 1 mg KOH/ g to about 50 mg KOH/g.
  • the polymeric binder is the polyester-polyurethane binder
  • the polyester-polyurethane binder has an acid number that ranges from about 1 mg KOH/ g to about 50 mg KOH/g.
  • the acid number of the polyester-polyurethane binder can range from about 1 mg KOH/g to about 200 mg KOH/g, from about 2 mg KOH/g to about 100 mg KOH/g, or from about 3 mg KOH/g to about 50 mg KOH/g.
  • the average particle size of the polyester-polyurethane binders disclosed herein may range from about 20 nm to about 500 nm.
  • the sulfonated polyester-polyurethane binder can have an average particle size ranging from about 20 nm to about 500 nm, from about 50 nm to about 350 nm, or from about 100 nm to about 350 nm.
  • the particle size of any solids herein, including the average particle size of the dispersed polymer binder can be determined using a NANOTRAC® Wave device, from Microtrac, e.g., NANOTRAC® Wave II or NANOTRAC® 150, etc., which measures particles size using dynamic light scattering.
  • Average particle size can be determined using particle size distribution data generated by the NANOTRAC® Wave device.
  • the term “average particle size” may refer to a volume- weighted mean diameter of a particle distribution.
  • white inkjet ink 16 examples include an anionic polyetherpolyurethane binder.
  • anionic polyether-polyurethanes that may be used include IMPRANIL® LP DSB 1069, IMPRANIL® DLE, IMPRANIL® DAH, or IMPRANIL® DL 1116 (Covestro (Germany)); or HYDRAN® WLS-201 or HYDRAN® WLS-201 K (DIC Corp. (Japan)); or TAKELAC® W-6061T or TAKELAC® WS-6021 (Mitsui (Japan)).
  • the white inkjet ink 16 include an anionic polycarbonate-polyurethane binder.
  • anionic polycarbonatepolyurethanes that may be used as the polymeric binder include IMPRANIL® DLC-F or IMPRANIL® DL 2077 (Covestro (Germany)); or HYDRAN® WLS-213 (DIC Corp. (Japan)); or TAKELAC® W-6110 (Mitsui (Japan)).
  • non-ionic polyurethane binders examples include RUCO-PUR® SPH (a hydrophilic, non-ionic polyurethane available from Rudolf Group) and RUCO-COAT® EC 4811 (an aqueous polyurethane/polyether dispersion available from Rudolf Group).
  • RUCO-PUR® SPH a hydrophilic, non-ionic polyurethane available from Rudolf Group
  • RUCO-COAT® EC 4811 an aqueous polyurethane/polyether dispersion available from Rudolf Group
  • Another example of a non-ionic polyurethane binder includes IMPRANIL® DLI (polyether-polyurethane available from Covestro).
  • the white inkjet ink 16 include an acrylic latex binder.
  • the acrylic latex binder includes latex particles.
  • latex refers to a stable dispersion of polymer particles in an aqueous medium.
  • the polymer (latex) particles may be dispersed in water or water and a suitable co-solvent. This aqueous latex dispersion may be incorporated into a suitable ink vehicle to form examples of the white inkjet ink 16.
  • the acrylic latex binder may be anionic or non-ionic depending upon the monomers used.
  • the acrylic latex particles can include a polymerization product of monomers including: a copolymerizable surfactant; an aromatic monomer selected from styrene, an aromatic (meth)acrylate monomer, and an aromatic (meth)acrylamide monomer; and multiple aliphatic (meth)acrylate monomers or multiple aliphatic (meth)acrylamide monomers.
  • the term “(meth)” indicates that the acrylamide, the acrylate, etc., may or may not include the methyl group.
  • the latex particles can include a polymerization product of a copolymerizable surfactant such as HITENOLTM BC-10, BC-30, KH-05, or KH-10.
  • the latex particles can include a polymerization product of styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid.
  • the latex particles can include a first heteropolymer phase and a second heteropolymer phase.
  • the first heteropolymer phase is a polymerization product of multiple aliphatic (meth)acrylate monomers or multiple aliphatic (meth)acrylamide monomers.
  • the second heteropolymer phase can be a polymerization product of an aromatic monomer with a cycloaliphatic monomer, wherein the aromatic monomer is an aromatic (meth)acrylate monomer or an aromatic (meth)acrylamide monomer, and wherein the cycloaliphatic monomer is a cycloaliphatic (meth)acrylate monomer or a cycloaliphatic (meth)acrylamide monomer.
  • the second heteropolymer phase can have a higher glass transition temperature than the first heteropolymer phase.
  • the first heteropolymer composition may be considered a soft polymer composition and the second heteropolymers composition may be considered a hard polymer composition.
  • the two phases can be physically separated in the latex particles, such as in a core-shell configuration, a two-hemisphere configuration, smaller spheres of one phase distributed in a larger sphere of the other phase, interlocking strands of the two phases, and so on.
  • the first heteropolymer composition can be present in the latex particles in an amount ranging from about 15 wt% to about 70 wt% of a total weight of the polymer (latex) particle and the second heteropolymer composition can be present in an amount ranging from about 30 wt% to about 85 wt% of the total weight of the polymer particle.
  • the first heteropolymer composition can be present in an amount ranging from about 30 wt% to about 40 wt% of a total weight of the polymer particle and the second heteropolymer composition can be present in an amount ranging from about 60 wt% to about 70 wt% of the total weight of the polymer particle.
  • the first heteropolymer composition can be present in an amount of about 35 wt% of a total weight of the polymer particle and the second heteropolymers composition can be present in an amount of about 65 wt% of the total weight of the polymer particle.
  • the first heteropolymer phase can be polymerized from two or more aliphatic (meth)acrylate ester monomers or two or more aliphatic (meth)acrylamide monomers.
  • the aliphatic (meth)acrylate ester monomers may be linear aliphatic (meth)acrylate ester monomers and/or cycloaliphatic (meth)acrylate ester monomers.
  • linear aliphatic (meth)acrylate ester monomers can include ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyhexyl acrylate, hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, hydroxyoctt
  • cycloaliphatic (meth)acrylate ester monomers can include cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, methylcyclohexyl acrylate, methylcyclohexyl methacrylate, trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate, trimethylcyclohexyl methacrylate, te/Y-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, te/Y-butylcyclohexyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof.
  • the second heteropolymer phase can be polymerized from a cycloaliphatic monomer and an aromatic monomer.
  • the cycloaliphatic monomer can be a cycloaliphatic (meth)acrylate monomer or a cycloaliphatic (meth)acrylamide monomer.
  • the aromatic monomer can be an aromatic (meth)acrylate monomer or an aromatic (meth)acrylamide monomer.
  • the cycloaliphatic monomer of the second heteropolymer phase can be cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, methylcyclohexyl acrylate, methylcyclohexyl methacrylate, trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate, trimethylcyclohexyl methacrylate, tert- butylcyclohexyl acrylate, te/t-butylcyclohexyl methacrylate, or a combination thereof.
  • the aromatic monomer of the second heteropolymer phase can be 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, phenyl propyl methacrylate, phenyl propyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, phenylethyl methacrylate, phenylethyl acrylate, benzhydryl methacrylate, benzhydryl acrylate, 2- hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl methacrylate, N-benzyl methacrylamide, N-benzyl acrylamide, N,N-diphenyl methacrylamide, N,N-diphenyl acrylamide, naphthyl methacrylate, naphthyl acrylate, phenyl methacrylate, phenyl acrylate, or a combination thereof.
  • the latex particles can have a particle size ranging from 20 nm to 500 nm, from 50 nm to 350 nm, or from 150 nm to 270 nm.
  • the latex particles can be prepared by flowing multiple monomer streams into a reactor.
  • An initiator can also be included in the reactor.
  • the initiator may be selected from a persulfate, such as a metal persulfate or an ammonium persulfate.
  • the initiator may be selected from a sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate.
  • the preparation process may be performed in water, resulting in the aqueous latex dispersion.
  • anionic acrylic latex binders examples include JANTEXTM Binder 924 and JANTEXTM Binder 45 NRF (both of which are available from Jantex).
  • Other examples of anionic acrylic latex binders include TEXICRYLTM 13-216, TEXICRYL TM 13-217, TEXICRYLTM 13-220, TEXICRYLTM 13-294, TEXICRYLTM 13-295, TEXICRYLTM 13-503, and TEXICRYLTM 13-813 (each of which is available from Scott Bader).
  • anionic acrylic latex binders include TUBIFASTTM AS 4010 FF, TUBIFASTTM AS 4510 FF, and TUBIFASTTM AS 5087 FF (each of which is available from CHT).
  • non-ionic acrylic latex binders examples include PRINTRITETM 595, PRINTRITETM 2015, PRINTRITETM 2514, PRINTRITETM 9691 , and PRINTRITETM 96155 (each of which is available from Lubrizol Corporation).
  • Another example of a non-ionic acrylic latex binder includes TEXICRYLTM 13-440 (available from Scott Bader).
  • the polymeric binder is present in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% active to about 20 wt% active, based on a total weight of the white inkjet ink 16.
  • the polymeric binder can be present, in the white inkjet ink 16, in an amount ranging from about 2 wt% active to about 15 wt% active, or from about from about 3 wt% active to about 11 wt% active, or from about 4 wt% active to about 10 wt% active, or from about 5 wt% active to about 9 wt% active, each of which is based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16.
  • the polymeric binder (prior to being incorporated into the ink vehicle) may be dispersed in water alone or in combination with an additional water soluble or water miscible co-solvent, such as 2-pyrrolidone, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, glycerol, 2-methyl-1 ,3-propanediol, 1 ,2-butane diol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, or a combination thereof. It is to be understood however, that the liquid components of the binder dispersion become part of the vehicle in the white inkjet ink 16.
  • an additional water soluble or water miscible co-solvent such as 2-pyrrolidone, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, glycerol, 2-methyl-1 ,3-propanediol, 1 ,2-butane diol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, or a
  • the white inkjet ink 16 includes an ink vehicle.
  • the terms “ink vehicle” and “third aqueous vehicle” may refer to the liquid with which the pigment (dispersion) and polymeric binder (dispersion) are mixed to form a thermal or a piezoelectric inkjet ink(s) composition.
  • the ink vehicle may include water and any of: a co-solvent, a surfactant, an anti-kogation agent, an anti-decel agent, an antimicrobial agent, a rheology modifier, a pH adjuster, or combinations thereof.
  • the vehicle includes water and a co-solvent.
  • the vehicle consists of water and the cosolvent, the anti-kogation agent, the anti-decel agent, the surfactant, the antimicrobial agent, a rheology modifier, a pH adjuster, or a combination thereof.
  • the ink vehicle consists of the anti-kogation agent, the anti-decel agent, the surfactant, the antimicrobial agent, a rheology modifier, a pH adjuster, and water.
  • the co-solvent in the white inkjet ink 16 may be any example of the cosolvents set forth herein for the pretreatment fluid 12, in any amount set forth herein for the pretreatment fluid 12 (except that the amount(s) are based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16 instead of the pretreatment fluid 12).
  • the surfactant in the white inkjet ink 16 may be any anionic and/or non-ionic surfactant.
  • anionic surfactant may include alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkylphenyl sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, higher fatty acid salt, sulfate ester salt of higher fatty acid ester, sulfonate of higher fatty acid ester, sulfate ester salt and sulfonate of higher alcohol ether, higher alkyl sulfosuccinate, polyoxyethylene alkylether carboxylate, polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfate, alkyl phosphate, and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate.
  • anionic surfactant may include dodecylbenzenesulfonate, isopropylnaphthalenesulfonate, monobutylphenylphenol monosulfonate, monobutylbiphenyl sulfonate, monobutylbiphenylsul fonate, and dibutylphenylphenol disulfonate.
  • any example of the non-ionic surfactants set forth herein for the pretreatment fluid 12 may be used in the white inkjet ink 16.
  • the anionic and/or non-ionic surfactant may be included in the white inkjet ink 16 in any amount set forth herein for the surfactant in the pretreatment fluid 12 (except that the amount(s) are based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16 instead of the pretreatment fluid 12).
  • An anti-kogation agent may also be included in the vehicle of the white inkjet ink 16, for example, when the white inkjet ink 16 is to be applied via a thermal inkjet printhead.
  • anti-kogation agent(s) is/are included to assist in preventing the buildup of kogation.
  • the anti-kogation agent may improve the jettability of the white inkjet ink 16.
  • Any of the anti-kogation agents set forth herein for the fixer fluid 14 may be used in the white inkjet ink 16. It is to be understood that any combination of the anti-kogation agents listed may be used.
  • the anti-kogation agent may be present in the white inkjet ink 16 in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% active to about 1.5 wt% active, based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16. In an example, the anti-kogation agent is present in an amount of about 0.5 wt% active, based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16.
  • the ink vehicle may also include anti-decel agent(s).
  • the anti-decel agent may function as a humectant. Decel refers to a decrease in drop velocity over time with continuous firing. In the examples disclosed herein, the anti-decel agent(s) is/are included to assist in preventing decel.
  • the anti-decel agent may improve the jettability of the white inkjet ink 16.
  • An example of a suitable anti-decel agent is ethoxylated glycerin having the following formula: in which the total of a+b+c ranges from about 5 to about 60, or in other examples, from about 20 to about 30.
  • the anti-decel agent(s) may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.2 wt% active to about 5 wt% active (based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16). In an example, the anti-decel agent is present in the white inkjet ink 16 in an amount of about 1 wt% active, based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16.
  • the vehicle of the white inkjet ink 16 may also include antimicrobial agent(s).
  • Antimicrobial agents are also known as biocides and/or fungicides. Examples of suitable antimicrobial agents include the NUOSEPT® (Ashland Inc.), UCARCIDETM or KORDEKTM or ROCIMATM (Dow Chemical Co.), PROXEL® (Arch Chemicals) series, ACTICIDE® B20 and ACTICIDE® M20 and ACTICIDE® MBL (blends of 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), 1 ,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) and Bronopol) (Thor Chemicals), AXIDETM (Planet Chemical), NIPACIDETM (Clariant), blends of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CIT or CMIT) and MIT under the tradename KATHONTM (Dow Chemical Co.), and combinations thereof.
  • the total amount of antimicrobial agent(s) in the white inkjet ink 16 ranges from about 0.01 wt% active to about 0.05 wt% active (based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16). In another example, the total amount of antimicrobial agent(s) in the white inkjet ink 16 is about 0.044 wt% active (based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16).
  • the ink vehicle may also include rheology additive(s).
  • the rheology additive may be added to adjust the viscosity of the white inkjet ink 16 and to aid in redispersibility of the white inkjet ink after it has sat idle.
  • suitable rheology additives include boehmite, laponite, anionic cellulose (e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose sulfate, nitrocellulose, and combinations thereof), and combinations thereof.
  • the total amount of rheology additive(s) in the white inkjet ink 16 ranges from about 0.005 wt% active to about 5 wt% active (based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16).
  • the ink vehicle of the white inkjet ink 16 may also include a pH adjuster.
  • a pH adjuster may be included in the white inkjet ink 16 to achieve a desired pH of greater than 7.
  • Suitable pH ranges for examples of the white inkjet ink 16 can be from greater than 7 to about 11 , from greater than 7 to about 10, from about 7.2 to about 10, from about 7.5 to about 10, from about 8 to about 10, from about 7 to about 9, from about 7.2 to about 9, from about 7.5 to about 9, from about 8 to about 9, from about 7 to about 8.5, from about 7.2 to about 8.5, from about 7.5 to about 8.5, from about 8 to about 8.5, from about 7 to about 8, from about 7.2 to about 8, or from about 7.5 to about 8.
  • the type and amount of pH adjuster that is added may depend upon the initial pH of the white inkjet ink 16 and the desired final pH of the white inkjet ink 16. If the initial pH is too high, an acid may be added to lower the pH, and if the initial pH is too low, a base may be added increase the pH.
  • suitable pH adjusters include metal hydroxide bases, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), etc.
  • KOH potassium hydroxide
  • NaOH sodium hydroxide
  • the metal hydroxide base may be added to the while inkjet ink 16 in an aqueous solution.
  • the metal hydroxide base may be added to the white inkjet ink 16 in an aqueous solution including 5 wt% of the metal hydroxide base (e.g., a 5 wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution). Any of the acidic pH adjusters mentioned herein may also be used.
  • the total amount of pH adjuster(s) in the white inkjet ink 16 ranges from greater than 0 wt% to about 0.1 wt% (based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16). In another example, the total amount of pH adjuster(s) in the white inkjet ink 16 is about 0.03 wt% (based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16).
  • the balance of the white inkjet ink 16 is water.
  • purified water or deionized water may be used.
  • the water included in the white inkjet ink 16 may be: i) part of the pigment dispersion, and/or binder dispersion, ii) part of the ink vehicle, iii) added to a mixture of the pigment dispersion, and/or binder dispersion and the ink vehicle, or iv) a combination thereof.
  • the white inkjet ink 16 is a thermal inkjet ink
  • the ink vehicle includes at least 70% by weight of water.
  • the white inkjet ink 16 is a piezoelectric inkjet ink
  • the liquid vehicle is a solvent based vehicle including at least 50% by weight of the co-solvent.
  • the white inkjet ink 16 includes the pigment in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% active to about 10 wt% active based on the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16; the polymeric binder in an amount ranging from about 2 wt% active to about 10 wt% active of the total weight of the white inkjet ink 16; an additive selected from the group consisting of a non-ionic surfactant, an antimicrobial agent, an anti-decel agent, a rheology modifier, and combinations thereof; and the liquid vehicle, which includes water and an organic solvent (e.g., the co-solvent disclosed herein).
  • an additive selected from the group consisting of a non-ionic surfactant, an antimicrobial agent, an anti-decel agent, a rheology modifier, and combinations thereof
  • the liquid vehicle which includes water and an organic solvent (e.g., the co-solvent disclosed herein).
  • Examples of the white inkjet ink 16 disclosed herein may be used in a thermal inkjet printer or in a piezoelectric printer.
  • the viscosity of the white inkjet ink 16 may be adjusted for the type of printhead by adjusting the co-solvent level, adjusting the polymeric binder level, and/or adding a viscosity modifier.
  • the viscosity of the white inkjet ink 16 may be modified to range from about 1 cP to about 9 cP (at 20°C to 25°C measured at a shear rate of about 3,000 Hz).
  • the viscosity of the white inkjet ink 16 may be modified to range from about 1 cP to about 20 cP (at 20°C to 25°C measured at a shear rate of about 3,000 Hz), depending on the type of the printhead that is being used (e.g., low viscosity printheads, medium viscosity printheads, or high viscosity printheads).
  • the textile fabric 18 may be selected from the group consisting of polyester fabrics, polyester blend fabrics, cotton fabrics, cotton blend fabrics, nylon fabrics, nylon blend fabrics, silk fabrics, silk blend fabrics, wool fabrics, wool blend fabrics, and combinations thereof.
  • the textile fabric 18 is selected from the group consisting of cotton fabrics and cotton blend fabrics.
  • organic textile fabrics and/or inorganic textile fabrics may be used for the textile fabric 18.
  • Some types of fabrics that can be used include various fabrics of natural and/or synthetic fibers.
  • the polyester fabrics may be a polyester coated surface.
  • the polyester blend fabrics may be blends of polyester and other materials (e.g., cotton, linen, etc.).
  • the textile fabric 18 may be selected from nylons (polyamides) or other synthetic fabrics.
  • Example natural fiber fabrics that can be used include treated or untreated natural fabric textile substrates, e.g., wool, cotton, silk, linen, jute, flax, hemp, rayon fibers, thermoplastic aliphatic polymeric fibers derived from renewable resources (e.g. cornstarch, tapioca products, sugarcanes), etc.
  • treated or untreated natural fabric textile substrates e.g., wool, cotton, silk, linen, jute, flax, hemp, rayon fibers, thermoplastic aliphatic polymeric fibers derived from renewable resources (e.g. cornstarch, tapioca products, sugarcanes), etc.
  • Example synthetic fibers used in the textile fabric/substrate 18 can include polymeric fibers such as nylon fibers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fibers, PVC-free fibers made of polyester, polyamide, polyimide, polyacrylic, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyaramid (e.g., KEVLAR®) polytetrafluoroethylene (TEFLON® ) (both trademarks of E.l. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Delaware), fiberglass, polytrimethylene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyester terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, or a combination thereof.
  • polymeric fibers such as nylon fibers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fibers, PVC-free fibers made of polyester, polyamide, polyimide, polyacrylic, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyaramid (e.g., KEVLAR®) poly
  • natural and synthetic fibers may be combined at ratios of 1 :1 , 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, 1 :5, 1 :6, 1 :7, 1 :8, 1 :9, 1 :10, 1 :11 , 1 :12, 1 :13, 1 :14, 1 :15, 1 :16, 1 :17, 1 :18, 1 :19, 1 :20, or vice versa.
  • the fiber can be a modified fiber from the above-listed polymers.
  • modified fiber refers to one or both of the polymeric fiber and the fabric as a whole having undergone a chemical or physical process such as, but not limited to, copolymerization with monomers of other polymers, a chemical grafting reaction to contact a chemical functional group with one or both the polymeric fiber and a surface of the fabric, a plasma treatment, a solvent treatment, acid etching, or a biological treatment, an enzyme treatment, or antimicrobial treatment to prevent biological degradation.
  • a chemical or physical process such as, but not limited to, copolymerization with monomers of other polymers, a chemical grafting reaction to contact a chemical functional group with one or both the polymeric fiber and a surface of the fabric, a plasma treatment, a solvent treatment, acid etching, or a biological treatment, an enzyme treatment, or antimicrobial treatment to prevent biological degradation.
  • the textile fabric 18 can contain additives, such as a colorant (e.g., pigments, dyes, and tints), an antistatic agent, a brightening agent, a nucleating agent, an antioxidant, a UV stabilizer, a filler, and/or a lubricant, for example.
  • a colorant e.g., pigments, dyes, and tints
  • fabric substrate do not include materials commonly known as any kind of paper (even though paper can include multiple types of natural and synthetic fibers or mixtures of both types of fibers).
  • Fabric substrates can include textiles in filament form, textiles in the form of fabric material, or textiles in the form of fabric that has been crafted into finished articles (e.g., clothing, blankets, tablecloths, napkins, towels, bedding material, curtains, carpet, handbags, shoes, banners, signs, flags, etc.).
  • the fabric substrate can have a woven, knitted, non-woven, or tufted fabric structure.
  • the fabric substrate can be a woven fabric where warp yarns and weft yarns can be mutually positioned at an angle of about 90°.
  • This woven fabric can include fabric with a plain weave structure, fabric with twill weave structure where the twill weave produces diagonal lines on a face of the fabric, or a satin weave.
  • the fabric substrate can be a knitted fabric with a loop structure.
  • the loop structure can be a warp-knit fabric, a weft-knit fabric, or a combination thereof.
  • a warp-knit fabric refers to every loop in a fabric structure that can be formed from a separate yam mainly introduced in a longitudinal fabric direction.
  • a weft-knit fabric refers to loops of one row of fabric that can be formed from the same yam.
  • the fabric substrate can be a non-woven fabric.
  • the non-woven fabric can be a flexible fabric that can include a plurality of fibers or filaments that are one or both bonded together and interlocked together by a chemical treatment process (e.g., a solvent treatment), a mechanical treatment process (e.g., embossing), a thermal treatment process, or a combination of multiple processes.
  • the textile fabric 18 can have a basis weight ranging from 10 gsm to 500 gsm. In another example, the textile fabric 18 can have a basis weight ranging from 50 gsm to 400 gsm. In other examples, the textile fabric 18 can have a basis weight ranging from 100 gsm to 300 gsm, from 75 gsm to 250 gsm, from 125 gsm to 300 gsm, or from 150 gsm to 350 gsm.
  • the textile fabric 18 may be any color, and in an example is a color other than white (e.g., black, grey, etc.).
  • Fig. 2 depicts an example of the printing method 100
  • Fig. 3 depicts an example of a system 30 for performing the printing method 100
  • an example of the printing method 100 comprises: applying a pretreatment fluid 12 on a textile fabric 18, the pretreatment fluid 12 including a urethane water repellant and a first aqueous vehicle (as shown at reference numeral 102); heating the textile fabric 18 having the pretreatment fluid 12 thereon, thereby forming a pretreatment film 12’ (see Fig. 3) on the textile fabric 18 (as shown at reference numeral 104); applying a fixer fluid 14 on the pretreatment film 12’ to form a fixer fluid layer 14’ (see Fig.
  • the fixer fluid 14 including a cationic polymer and a second aqueous vehicle (as shown at reference numeral 106); inkjet printing a white inkjet ink 16 on the fixer fluid layer 14’ to form an ink layer 16 (see Fig. 3) (as shown at reference numeral 108); and thermally curing the textile fabric 18 having the pretreatment film 12’, the fixer fluid layer 14’, and the ink layer 16’ thereon, there generating a print 32 (see Fig. 3) (as shown at reference numeral 110).
  • any example of the pretreatment fluid 12, the fixer fluid 14, and the white inkjet ink 16 may be used in the examples of the method 100.
  • any example of the textile fabric 18 may be used in the examples of the method 100.
  • the method 100 includes applying the pretreatment fluid 12 on the textile fabric 18 and heating the textile fabric 18 having the pretreatment fluid 12 thereon to form a pretreatment film 12’ on the textile fabric 18.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 is applied directly to the textile fabric 18.
  • the application of the pretreatment fluid 12 may be accomplished via an analog method or via piezoelectric inkjet printing.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 may be applied using an auto analog pretreater, a drawdown coater, a slot die coater, a roller coater, a fountain curtain coater, a blade coater, a rod coater, an air knife coater, a sprayer, a padder, or a gravure application.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 may be coated on all or substantially all of the textile fabric 18.
  • the layer of the pretreatment fluid 12 that is formed may be a continuous layer that covers all or substantially all of the textile fabric 18.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 may be applied on all or substantially all of the textile fabric 18.
  • the layer of the pretreatment fluid 12 that is formed may be a continuous layer that covers all or substantially all of the textile fabric 18.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 may be applied on areas of the textile fabric 18 where it is desirable to form the print 32.
  • the layer of the pretreatment fluid 12 that is formed may be non- continuous (e.g., may contain gaps) because the pretreatment fluid 12 may not be printed on areas of the textile fabric 18 where it is not desirable to form the print 32.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 is applied in an amount ranging from about 50 gsm (grams per square meter, when wet) to about 120 gsm. In another example, the pretreatment fluid 12 is applied in an amount ranging from about 85 gsm to about 100 gsm.
  • the textile fabric 18 having the layer of the pretreatment fluid 12 thereon is exposed to heat to form the pretreatment film 12’.
  • the application of heat may be accomplished using a heat press, an iron, or another suitable mechanism.
  • heating the textile fabric 18 having the pretreatment fluid 12 thereon involves heating to a temperature ranging from about 80°C to about 200°C, and applying the heat for a time ranging from about 10 seconds to about 15 minutes. The temperature and time are sufficient to cure the urethane water repellant and form the pretreatment film 12’.
  • Pressure may also be applied during the heating of the textile fabric 18 and the layer of the pretreatment fluid 12 thereon.
  • the pressure applied to the textile fabric 18 ranges from about 0.1 atm to about 8 atm.
  • the cured urethane water repellant, i.e. , the pretreatment film 12’ forms on the surfaces of the textile fabric fibers and/or in the pores between the textile fabric fibers.
  • the pretreatment film 12’ can slow down ink penetration into the textile fabric 18, which allows the pigment of the white inkjet ink 16 to be fixed, for example, through its interaction with the fixer fluid 14, at or near the surface of the textile fabric 18. This, in turn, improves the opacity and the image quality of the white image that is formed.
  • the film 12’ can hold the hair-like fibers of the textile fabric 18, which reduces fibrillation and further improves image quality.
  • one example of the method 100 further includes applying the fixer fluid 14 on the pretreatment film 12’ to form a fixer fluid layer 14’ (shown in Fig. 3).
  • the fixer fluid 14 is applied directly to the pretreatment film 12’ on the textile fabric 18.
  • the application of the pretreatment fluid 12 may be accomplished via an analog method or a digital inkjet printing method.
  • Any of the analog methods described herein for the pretreatment fluid 12 may be used to deposit the fixer fluid 14. Analog methods will generate a continuous fixer fluid layer 14’.
  • the application of the fixer fluid 14 may be accomplished via a digital inkjet printing method.
  • the fixer fluid 14 may be applied using thermal inkjet printing or piezoelectric inkjet printing. Any suitable inkjet applicator, such as a thermal inkjet printhead, a piezoelectric printhead, a continuous inkjet printhead, etc. may be used.
  • the fixer fluid 14 may be printed at desirable areas (e.g., areas where the print 32 is to be generated).
  • the fixer fluid layer 14’ that is formed by the application of the fixer fluid 14 may be non-continuous (e.g., may contain gaps) because the fixer fluid 14 may not be printed on areas of the textile fabric 18 where it is not desirable to form the print 32.
  • the amount of fixer fluid 14 that is applied depends upon the amount of white inkjet ink 16 that is to be applied. In some examples, the fixer fluid 14 is applied in an amount ranging from about 10 gsm to about 100 gsm. In other examples, the fixer fluid 14 is applied in an amount ranging from about 50 gsm to about 75 gsm.
  • the method 100 also includes inkjet (e.g., thermal inkjet or piezoelectric inkjet) printing the white inkjet ink 16 on the fixer fluid layer 14’ to form an ink layer 16’ (shown in Fig. 3). It is to be understood that the white inkjet ink 16 is printed at desirable areas to form an image (e.g., print 32). [0148] In an example, the white inkjet ink 16 is applied in an amount ranging from about 200 gsm to about 400 gsm. In another example, the white inkjet ink 16 is applied in an amount ranging from about 200 gsm to about 350 gsm.
  • inkjet e.g., thermal inkjet or piezoelectric inkjet
  • multiple inkjet inks may be inkjet printed onto the textile fabric 18.
  • each of the other inkjet inks may include a pigment, an example of the polymeric binder, and the ink vehicle.
  • Each of the inkjet inks may include a different colored pigment so that a different color (e.g., cyan, magenta, yellow, black, violet, green, brown, orange, purple, etc.) is generated by each of the inkjet inks.
  • a single white inkjet ink 16 may be inkjet printed onto the textile fabric 18.
  • Both the fixer fluid 14 and the white inkjet ink 16 are applied after the pretreatment film 12’ has been formed.
  • the fixer fluid 14 and the white inkjet ink 16 are applied sequentially, using digital inkjet printing, one immediately after the other as the applicators (e.g., cartridges, pens, printheads, etc.) pass over the textile fabric 18.
  • the applicators e.g., cartridges, pens, printheads, etc.
  • wet-on-wet printing may be desirable because less fixer fluid 14 may be applied during this process (as compared to if the fixer fluid 14 were to be dried prior to inkjet ink 16 application), and because the printing workflow may be simplified without the additional drying.
  • the white inkjet ink 16 is printed onto the fixer fluid layer 14’ within a period of time ranging from about 0.01 second to about 30 seconds after the fixer fluid 14 is printed.
  • the white inkjet ink 16 is printed onto the fixer fluid layer 14’ within a period of time ranging from about 0.1 second to about 20 seconds; or from about 0.2 second to about 10 seconds; or from about 0.2 second to about 5 seconds after the fixer fluid 14 is applied.
  • Wet-on-wet printing may be accomplished in a single pass.
  • the inkjet printing of the fixer fluid 14 and the white inkjet ink 16 may be accomplished at high printing speeds.
  • the inkjet printing of the fixer fluid 14 and the white inkjet ink 16 may be accomplished at a printing speed of at least 25 feet per minute (fpm).
  • the fixer fluid 14 and the white inkjet ink 16 may be inkjet printed at a printing speed ranging from 100 fpm to 1000 fpm.
  • the method 100 includes thermally curing the textile fabric 18 having the pretreatment film 12’, the fixer fluid layer 14’, and the ink layer 16’ thereon, there generating a print 32 (shown in Fig. 3).
  • the thermal curing may be accomplished by applying heat to the textile fabric 18.
  • the thermal curing involves heating the textile fabric 18 (having the film 12’ and layers 14’, 16’ thereon) to a temperature ranging from about 80°C to about 200°C, for a period of time ranging from about 10 seconds to about 15 minutes.
  • the temperature ranges from about 100°C to about 180°C.
  • thermal curing is achieved by heating the textile fabric 18 to a temperature of 150°C for about 3 minutes.
  • Pressure may also be applied during thermal curing.
  • the pressure applied to the textile fabric 18 ranges from about 0.1 atm to about 8 atm.
  • the printing system 30 includes three zones A, B, C, including a pretreatment zone A, a printing zone B, and a curing zone C.
  • the textile fabric/substrate 18 may be transported through the printing system 30 to the pretreatment zone A.
  • an example of the pretreatment fluid 12 is applied to the textile fabric 18.
  • the pretreatment fluid 12 may be applied using an analog applicator 24 (e.g., an auto analog pretreater, a drawdown coater, a slot die coater, a roller coater, a fountain curtain coater, a blade coater, a rod coater, an air knife coater, a sprayer, or a gravure application) or using a piezoelectric printhead 22C.
  • the textile fabric 18 (having the wet pretreatment fluid 12 thereon) remains in the pretreatment zone A, where it is exposed to heating.
  • the application of heat may be accomplished, for example, using a heat press 26 or other suitable heating mechanism. As described in reference to Fig. 2, this heating process is sufficient to form the pretreatment film 12’.
  • the textile fabric 18 is then transported through the printing zone B where an example of the fixer fluid 14 is first applied onto the cured pretreatment film 12’.
  • the fixer fluid 14 may be applied by an analog method or by an inkjet printhead 22A.
  • the white inkjet ink 16 is also applied to the fixer fluid layer 14’ to from an ink layer 16’.
  • the fixer fluid layer 14’ and the ink layer 16’ may be heated in the printing zone B (for example, the air temperature in the printing zone B may range from about 10°C to about 90°C) such that water may be at least partially evaporated from the layers 14’, 16’.
  • the textile fabric 18 (having the pretreatment film 12’, the fixer layer 14’, and the ink layer 16’ thereon) may then be transported to the curing zone C where the layers 14’, 16’ are heated to cure the layer 14’, 16’ and form the print 32. Heating may be performed using any suitable heating mechanism 28, such as a heat press, oven, etc. The heat generated is sufficient to initiate film formation and crosslinking or other interactions that bind the pigment onto the textile fabric 18.
  • the heat to initiate fixation may range from about 80°C to 200°C as described above. This process forms the printed article 34 including the image 32 formed on the textile fabric 18.
  • a commercially available urethane water repellant (ZELAN® R3 from Huntsman) was used to prepare a pretreatment fluid (PT1 ).
  • ZELAN® R3 diluted to 10 wt% with deionized water.
  • An acetic acid solution was added to adjust the pH to about 4.4.
  • the viscosity of PT1 was 2.5 cP.
  • a fixer fluid and a white inkjet ink were also used in this example.
  • the formulations are respectively shown in Tables 1 and 2.
  • GBC Gildan black midweight 780 cotton T-shirts
  • GBPE Gildan performance black polyester T-shirts (42,000/staple yam)
  • HPE Hanes COOL DRI® black polyester T-shirts
  • PT1 When used, PT1 was applied on the respective fabric to form a thin layer with a loading ranging from about 29 gsm (wet) to about 111 gsm (wet).
  • the curing conditions for PT1 varied for the different examples.
  • the pretreatment conditions for each print are shown in Table 3.
  • a greater L* value indicates a greater opacity of the white ink on the colored textile fabric.
  • All of the example prints on a particular fabric type (GBC, GBPE, HPE) had improved opacity compared to the comparative prints on the same fabric, regardless of the pretreatment curing conditions and the print thermal curing conditions. Additionally, on both brands of polyester (GBPE and HPE), print thermal curing at 100°C showed much higher L* than print thermal curing at 150°C (compare Comp. Print 8 and Ex. Print 11 with Comp. Print 6 and compare Comp. Print 13 and Ex. Print 14 with Comp. Print 12).
  • Polyester fabrics are known to undergo dye migration when exposed to heating, where dye from the fabric migrates to the surface. The migrated dye can deleteriously affect the color of a print formed on the fabric.
  • Photographs of Comp. Ex. Prints 6 and 8 and Ex. Print 11 were taken to compare the dye migration on GBPE. These photographs are reproduced herein in black and white in Fig. 4A through Fig. 4C, respectively.
  • Photographs of Comp. Ex. Prints 12 and 13 and Ex. Print 14 were taken to compare the dye migration on HPE. These photographs are reproduced herein in black and white in Fig. 5A through Fig. 5C, respectively.
  • L* is lightness (as noted above), a* is the color channel for color opponents green-red, and b* is the color channel for color opponents blue-yellow.
  • AE 76 was calculated using the CIEDE1976 color-difference formula, which is based on the CIELAB color space. Given a pair of color values in CIELAB space L*i ,a*i,b* and L* 2 ,a* 2 ,b* 2 , the CIEDE1976 color difference between them is as follows:
  • ranges provided herein include the stated range and any value or sub-range within the stated range, as if the value(s) or subrange ⁇ ) within the stated range were explicitly recited.
  • a range from about 3 wt% active to about 40 wt% active should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited limits of from about 3 wt% active to about 40 wt% active, but also to include individual values, such as about 4.15 wt% active, about 12.5 wt% active, 14.0 wt% active, 26.77 wt% active, 38 wt% active, 39.33 wt% active, etc., and subranges, such as from about 5 wt% active to about 15 wt% active, from about 3 wt% active to about 25 wt% active, from about 10 wt% active to about 20 wt% active, etc.
  • “about” is utilized to describe a value, this is meant to encompass minor variations (

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Abstract

Un exemple d'un kit multi-fluide pour impression textile comprend un fluide de prétraitement et une encre pour jet d'encre blanche. Le fluide de prétraitement comprend un hydrofuge d'uréthane et un véhicule aqueux. Le fluide de prétraitement et l'encre pour jet d'encre blanche sont maintenus séparément dans le kit multi-fluide. Dans certains exemples, le kit multi-fluide comprend également un fluide fixateur.
PCT/US2020/065071 2020-12-15 2020-12-15 Kit multi-fluide pour impression textile WO2022132131A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2020/065071 WO2022132131A1 (fr) 2020-12-15 2020-12-15 Kit multi-fluide pour impression textile

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2020/065071 WO2022132131A1 (fr) 2020-12-15 2020-12-15 Kit multi-fluide pour impression textile

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WO2022132131A1 true WO2022132131A1 (fr) 2022-06-23

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001091551A1 (fr) * 2000-05-26 2001-12-06 Flavor & Fragrance Specialties Matrices de polyurethanne/uree permettant de distribuer des agents actifs
EP2900772A1 (fr) * 2012-09-25 2015-08-05 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Ensembles de fluides pour impression
WO2020162946A1 (fr) * 2019-02-08 2020-08-13 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Kit de stratification
WO2020242441A1 (fr) * 2019-05-24 2020-12-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Encre pour pour impression textile à jet d'encre

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001091551A1 (fr) * 2000-05-26 2001-12-06 Flavor & Fragrance Specialties Matrices de polyurethanne/uree permettant de distribuer des agents actifs
EP2900772A1 (fr) * 2012-09-25 2015-08-05 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Ensembles de fluides pour impression
WO2020162946A1 (fr) * 2019-02-08 2020-08-13 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Kit de stratification
WO2020242441A1 (fr) * 2019-05-24 2020-12-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Encre pour pour impression textile à jet d'encre

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