WO2022131965A1

WO2022131965A1 - Method for encoding and decoding digital information in the form of a multidimensional nano-barcode

Info

Publication number: WO2022131965A1
Application number: PCT/RU2021/050416
Authority: WO
Inventors: Евгений Иванович ПРЯХИН; Екатерина Владимировна ЛАРИОНОВА; Евгений Анатольевич ЗАХАРЕНКО; Валерий Витальевич РОМАНОВ; Галина Викторовна ОДИНЦОВА; Сергей Георгиевич ГОРНЫЙ
Original assignee: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Лазерный Центр"
Priority date: 2020-12-15
Filing date: 2021-12-06
Publication date: 2022-06-23

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for converting (encoding), decoding, recording and reading out digital information for forming a multidimensional matrix code (nano-barcode), the multidimensionality of which is formed by arranging a plurality of information layers onto a two-dimensional matrix, said information layers comprising both related and independent information, and constituting binary-coded data, and therefore forming a template for arranging information. The main goal of the invention is the development of a method for increasing the density of encodable and decodable digital information in the form of a multidimensional nano-barcode on a two-dimensional matrix by using specialised compression algorithms based on the graphics capabilities of colour conversion systems, and having a plurality of implementation variants. The technical result of the proposed invention consists in increasing the information capacity of a code when encoding digital information, together with increasing the effective information capacity of the code.

Description

METHOD FOR ENCODING AND DECODING DIGITAL INFORMATION AS A MULTIDIMENSIONAL NANOBAR CODE

The present invention relates to a method for encoding/decoding and recording (representing) digital or physical data converted to digital form, as well as to the formation of optically readable multi-color codes, which are a family of binary-coded data layers, and forming placed on a two-dimensional matrix and forming, thus, a template for posting information. Each multi-color code layer is a code representing binary-coded data placed on a two-dimensional matrix. The generated family of layers, which is a three-dimensional object, is processed by special compression or overlay algorithms, and a two-dimensional object is formed - a code containing many colored cells and located on a two-dimensional area - a matrix.

The present invention can find application in the field of marking products, increasing the information capacity of two-dimensional codes, identifying and applying, transferring and reading digital information of large volumes.

The currently used black and white barcode is very widely used to record digital information that is read by a device in a small space, such as a printed document. However, such a black and white barcode has significant drawbacks. One problem is that it is difficult to record information that includes large amounts of data, such as wordy documents or small images.

To solve this problem, the use of color barcodes has recently been proposed. A color barcode can record much more information than a black and white barcode, since a black and white barcode allows you to record information in binary form, while a color barcode using several colors (palette) can record information with using multivalued notation.

There are various systems and devices for protecting and transmitting information. A known method of encoding a code image, (RF patent No. 2251734 IPC G06K19/06037, priority date 05/09/2000, publication date 06/20/2004). The method includes coding the data to represent it as a code, using a cell arrangement with different colors, shapes, or configurations. Its application allows to obtain a technical result in the form of providing the possibility of encoding more diverse and more voluminous information. This result is achieved due to the fact that the method includes the following steps: generating a code conversion table, setting the required data, encoding the required data, determining the parity area, and obtaining an image in the form of a physical or electronic code. Color code generating and decoding devices are also proposed.

Known patents "Color Barcode Producing, Reading and/or Reproducing Method and Apparatus", (US patent No. 2008179407, IPC G06K 9/06, priority date 06/28/2004, publication date 07/31/2008), and "Color Barcode Producing Method and Apparatus, Color Barcode Reading Method and Apparatus and Color Barcode Reproducing Method and Apparatus ”, (US patent No. 2009194592, IPC G06K 9/06, priority date 08/09/2004, publication date 08/06/2009), allowing the formation of two-dimensional color matrix strokes codes. The proposed color strokes allow recording a much larger amount of information than binary matrix ones. The proposed inventions provide a device and method for maintaining the integrity of color reproduction and color rendering of a barcode. This condition is achieved by compiling reference tables of the color part of the color barcode, including cell color references, tables of color palettes that are used in the form of barcode color data and for the device and method for generating, reproducing and reading a barcode of that color.

A known method and device for encoding/decoding a physical or electronic code image (RF patent No. 2349957, IPC G06K 19/06, priority date 03/26/2005, publication date 03/20/2009). A machine-readable medium with a mixed code recorded on it is proposed, which includes: an area of the first code image, which contains the first code image obtained by encoding the first information using color, shade, or a combination thereof, and an area of the second code image, which contains the second code image received by encoding the second information using color, hue, or a combination thereof. The mixed code is obtained by adjusting the difference in color and brightness between the images of the first and second codes to a predetermined level and combining these images. The first and second code pictures can be decoded by decoding interpretation information, construction information, error control information, and code direction information stored in the first and/or second code pictures. Such a patent suggests a method of protection against counterfeiting, but nevertheless, the main problem of reproducing the color shades of the code when using hardware remains, especially since the code itself is formed by adjusting the difference in color and brightness between the images of the first and second codes to a predetermined level and combining these images. In addition, if any of the interpretation, construction, error control, and direction information blocks are corrupted, the code becomes unreadable.

The disadvantages of the proposed methods include the following: despite the increase in the possible volume of encoded data, it is impossible to place a significant amount of information in a color code. A color barcode is formed by mapping colors onto a barcode structure. Although the number of ways to express information can be increased by using a color barcode, such a color barcode is also a simple combination of colors in the barcode structure. When reading and decoding, the proposed method makes it possible to detect errors, but algorithms for their correction are not proposed, or a list of references to the declared colors that can be used in the code is proposed. In addition, the code conversion table, which defines various colors, shades, shapes or configurations, or combinations thereof in accordance with recognizable characters, including numbers and symbols, allows such barcodes to be copied and forged with sufficient certainty. It is also necessary to note the dependence on hardware.

In order to solve the problem of placing a large amount of information on a plane, in particular, placing three-dimensional objects on a plane, there are developments of multidimensional codes. Such codes are formed using augmented reality systems. The bottom line is that a three-dimensional image, including a color image, is recreated using the reference points of a two-dimensional image. h For example, a 3D barcode (invented by Content Idea Company) is known, which consists of twenty-four layers of different colors, thanks to which it can store from 600 Kb to 1.8 Mb of data. The principle of operation is organized as follows: the barcode is placed as an advertisement on the magazine page. The user brings his reader with special software installed to the tag, scans it and sees an advertising video on the screen.

To interpret a 3D scene in a 2D barcode, specialized modeling languages must be used. For example, the patent "Device and method for representing a three-dimensional object based on images with depth" (RF patent No. 2237283, IPC G06T 9/40, priority date 11/27/2001, publication date 09/27/2004) offers a method for representing three-dimensional objects based on images with depth . Its use in the visualization of a three-dimensional image makes it possible to obtain a technical result in the form of compact storage of information about the image, fast visualization with a high quality of the output image.

This result is achieved due to the fact that the method includes:

- generating a piece of viewpoint information, color images based on color information, corresponding pixel points constituting an object, depth images, image nodes consisting of viewpoint information, a color image and a depth image corresponding to the viewpoint information;

- coding of generated image nodes.

This invention makes it possible to form a three-dimensional image on the basis of an encoded two-dimensional image, however, the reproduction of such a two-dimensional object even on paper products without loss of quality is extremely difficult, in addition, encoding of other types of digital information is excluded.

For the full-functional operation of the identifying and protective properties of barcodes (two-dimensional symbols) of various configurations, it is necessary to use information protection methods, methods using cryptographic algorithms are preferred. Such methods involve the transformation of information using cryptographic functions and algorithms.

Known "Software-implemented digital anti-counterfeiting method and a device for implementing the method", (applications of the Russian Federation No. 98112241, IPC G09C 5/00, priority date 11/29/1995, publication date 06/20/2000). The proposed method, implemented using a program in a computer system, to create in digital form an encrypted anti-counterfeiting symbol introduced into a printed material, is characterized in that it includes the steps:

- encryption of the input image, which is divided into elementary input segments,

- converting the visible source image into a raster form depending on the number of the indicated received encrypted elementary output segments;

- merging the specified bitmap visible source image with the specified encrypted elementary output segments so that the resulting encoded output image is converted to represent the visible image while maintaining the internal structure of the encrypted input image;

- printing said encoded output image with sufficient resolution so that the decoding means can be used to extract the encrypted input image.

In this case, the specified visible source image is converted during sampling into a single-color bitmap, and a multi-level three-dimensional effect is created using the input image composed of a background image.

This method does not allow entering significant amounts of information into the code, and also limits the use of the method only for printed products.

Other well-known information security methods, as a rule, do not involve the use of an image matrix template, which excludes the possibility of machine reading and decryption of the encoded message.

In a method for protecting information from unauthorized access (RF patent No. 2227318, IPC G06F 12/14, priority date 06/18/2001, publication date 04/20/2004). proposed a method of protection based on the formation of a key, which is stored in the memory of an external device adapted for connection to a computer, decryption of information using a key in an external device, characterized in that the formation of the key is carried out directly in the external device, while the information is encrypted using a key in the same device.

In this case, the key is formed using signals of a pseudo-random sequence and signals of external random influence, followed by automatic verification of the key for the absence of matches with the keys stored in the memory of the external device.

The key is stored in the memory of an external device adapted for connecting to a computer, decrypting information using a key in an external device, characterized in that the key is formed during the exchange of information between subscribers in an external device of one of the subscribers, it is encrypted with a system key previously recorded in the memory the system key of all devices of subscribers of the same series, and transmit the encrypted key to another subscriber, decrypt it at the other subscriber, while encrypting information is carried out using the key in the external devices of each of the subscribers.

The disadvantages of this method include the inability to implement the method in case of force majeure, such as a breakdown of the user's equipment or failure of equipment segments. Also, in this method, an escape sequence (key) is used, which is either shorter or corresponds to the length of the message and there is no exact estimate for the probability of imposing false information, thus increasing the likelihood of hacking or calculating a workaround to decrypt the protected information. Also, there is no embodiment in graphical machine readable form of a two-dimensional code.

Known application "Two-dimensional colorcode, preparing and restoring method for the code and apparatus here for", (US application No. 5992748 (A), IPC G06F 7/12, priority date 1996-08-08, publication date 1999-11 - thirty). The method suggests:

- A device for generating a two-dimensional color code: includes a section of the original image object for output to the processing device; processing means having a code conversion portion for outputting two-dimensional color codes corresponding to color gradations separate from CMY colors in the original image data of one pixel, and a printing section for printing on a printed sheet.

- 2D color code recovery device: reads the 2D color code in the reading section to output color gradations separately from CMY colors. The Print section prints the reconstructed image data based on color gradations.

The method proposed in this patent makes it possible to generate a color barcode using three primary colors (yellow, cyan, magenta), to restore damaged information when scanning a code variant in grayscale. The disadvantages of this method include the difficulty of recovering if the code is damaged (double scanning and additional printing will be required). In addition, this method involves the location of the color matrix barcode only on paper.

In addition, there are general problems when using well-known barcodes. The main problem is that even in a color barcode it is not possible to place enough information to reproduce multipage documents, images, sound, video and other media files. Another problem is that a color barcode does not guarantee its own integrity and authenticity when printed and copied due to:

- different color management systems for different equipment, - unstable color characteristics of the printing device itself, - dependence on the color rendering and accuracy of the scanner,

-Possible temporary color degradation on the media.

The closest in terms of essential features to the proposed invention is a method for encoding and decoding digital information in the form of an ultra-compressed nanobar code (options), (RF patent No. 2656734, IPC G06K 9/18, priority date 12/27/2013, publication date 06/06/2018) , which is taken as a prototype. The known invention relates to a method for converting (coding), decoding and recording digital information to form a matrix ultra-compressed two-dimensional code (nanobar code), as well as to optically readable two-dimensional codes representing binary-coded data placed on a two-dimensional matrix and thus forming , a template for posting information.

The method includes the following steps: receiving information to be encoded, encoding information using a code conversion table, forming an encoded data structure, encrypting, adding information for recovery, obtaining an image in the form of an electronic or physical code. After encoding the information, it is encrypted, compressed, and redundant information is added for recovery in case of loss.

Information is encrypted using cryptographic algorithms in two stages: at the first stage, encryption is carried out at the byte level using a polyalphabetic byte cipher with a different shift value for each byte of information, at the second stage, encryption is performed at the bit level based on the AES symmetric bit encryption algorithm.

Information compression is carried out on the basis of methods of optimal codes, and the probability of occurrence of code words for each block of encoded information is calculated only for this block and recalculated for each block. To detect errors, a special case of BCH codes (Bose-Chowdhury-Hockwingham codes) is used. The formation of redundant information occurs using the polynomial xn+xn-1 +... +1 =0, where neP (P is the space of prime numbers). In this case, the polynomial used is universal, both for the SubBytes operation and for the formation of redundant information.

To receive a code message, a structure of encoded data is formed in the form of an ultra-compressed nanobar code in the form of a physical or electronic image of a two-dimensional code containing a background area, an area of orienting elements and a data area. The orienting elements area contains a reference square with a frame and an empty field, alignment rectangles and a code border frame, the data area containing the code message is superimposed on the orienting elements area so that the elements of the areas do not overlap each other. Any inscription and / or image can be placed inside the reference square, and the dimensions of the reference square, frame and empty field can change in different directions. The center of the reference square is located at the intersection of the symmetry axes of the alignment rectangles. The main disadvantage of the proposed method is the limited amount of encoded information, as well as the irrational use of the useful area of the code, since the information is located on only one information layer.

Thus, information can be located only on one layer; when reading, monochrome image processing algorithms are used. The present invention is an improvement of the above method for encoding and protecting information, because does not provide for an increase in the volume of information being converted while maintaining the area of matrix formation, the use of only one layer for information recovery.

Thus, the main purpose of the proposed invention is to develop a method for compacting the encoded information and increasing the information capacity of the code by generating a multicolor matrix code - a colored nanobar code, using the transformation of a three-dimensional object into a two-dimensional one, which makes it possible to uniquely identify the object, present information in a highly compacted form.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the information capacity of the code when encoding digital information in combination with an increase in the effective information capacity of the code.

A technical result is achieved by encoding digital information in the form of an ultracompressed code - a nanobar code, including receiving the information to be encoded, encoding information using a code conversion table and receiving a code message on an information carrier in the form of a physical or electronic code, in which, after encoding the information, it is carried out. encryption, compression and addition of redundant information for recovery in case of its loss, information encryption is carried out using cryptographic algorithms in two stages: at the first stage, encryption is carried out at the byte level using a polyalphabetic byte cipher with a different shift value for each byte of information, at the second stage encryption is performed at the bit level based on the symmetric bit-wise AES encryption algorithm. The number of shuffle rounds for encryption at the byte level is 1, the received sequence of the encrypted message is converted to hexadecimal number system and transmitted to the stage of the second bit encryption, for the first stage of encryption, a table of values of 256 by 256 characters or 256 tables by 256 positions is used, while the number of table fields corresponds to the number of fields of the ASCII encoding table, at the second stage of encryption (bit encryption) the number rounds of mixing is finite and equal to q, while the message P of length a symbols is divided into the nth number of blocks with a volume of m symbols in the block and encrypted with an algorithm containing q rounds of mixing, when encrypting at the bit level in all rounds of encryption, the cipher design is changed , namely, between the operations ShiftRows and MixColumns, the blocks are shifted while maintaining the mechanism for generating round keys and mixing stages, information is compressed based on the methods of optimal codes, and the probability of occurrence of code words for each block of encoded information is calculated only for this block and recalculated for each block , to receive a code message, the encoded data structure is formed in the form of an ultra-compressed nanobarcode in the form of a physical or electronic image of a two-dimensional code containing a background area, an area of alignment rectangles and a data area consisting of at least one about the data block, moreover, the orienting elements area contains a reference square with a frame and an empty field, alignment rectangles and a code border frame, the data area containing the code message is superimposed on the orienting elements area so that the elements of the areas do not overlap each other. Any inscription and / or image can be placed inside the reference square, and the dimensions of the reference square, frame and empty field can change in different directions. The center of the reference square is located at the intersection of the symmetry axes of the alignment rectangles, with the difference that the digital information after it is encoded is placed on several information layers, which are then summarized by color templates, taking into account the selected color conversion system. Information, including both dependent and independent information, is placed in a multidimensional nanobar code during encoding and encoded sequentially in parts for each layer. taking into account the selected color conversion system. To obtain a code message, the encoded data structure is formed by summing the layers containing the encoded information according to color patterns, taking into account the selected color conversion system, the number of formed information layers is selected depending on the method physical or digital implementation of a multidimensional nanobar code, compression algorithms based on the graphic capabilities of color conversion systems determine the method of forming information layers, their order and the result of addition in the form of a multidimensional nanobar code, which is three-dimensional, displayed in two-dimensional space. For the physical code carrier, the alignment rectangles and areas of the orienting elements are colored in the primary colors of the generated color conversion system, the dominant colors are determined as reference color shades based on color tone clustering algorithms.

Decoding of digital information in the form of an ultra-compressed code, including reading encoded data from the code, selecting useful information, decompressing, decrypting and decoding this information using a code conversion table, the lost information is restored using information recovery algorithms based on redundant information recorded during the formation of the code, information is decompressed based on optimal code methods based on the sum of the obtained probabilities at the compression stage with the calculation of the probabilities of the original code words, information is decrypted using the inverse cryptographic transformation function in two stages, at the first stage, decryption is performed at the bit level based on a symmetric bit encryption algorithm AES, in the second stage, decryption is carried out at the byte level using a polyalphabetic byte cipher with a different shift value for each byte of information. At the first stage of decryption (bit encryption), the number of rounds of mixing is finite and equal to q, while the message P is long, and the characters are divided into the nth number of blocks of m characters per block and decrypted with an algorithm containing q rounds of mixing. For the second stage of decryption, a table of values of 256 by 256 characters or 256 tables by 256 positions is used, while the number of table fields corresponds to the number of fields of the ASCII encoding table, the number of rounds of mixing during decryption at the byte level is 1, the received sequence of the encrypted message is converted to hexadecimal number system and is transferred to the stage of the second bit decryption with the difference that the decoding of the multidimensional nanobar code is carried out with the division of the two-dimensional matrix into encoded information layers with using color templates. A multidimensional nanobar code, visually representing a two-dimensional color matrix, is divided into contrasting layers according to a color pattern, taking into account the selected color conversion system, and each layer is decoded separately into its own information block, ensuring the preservation of independent or dependent information with its subsequent transformation into a single block.

To solve the problem, it was necessary to determine how to store more than one bit of information per cell, which is the standard for two-dimensional, black and white barcodes.

Using rows of square cells painted in different colors, you can increase the density of the code. In addition, by using the background field as additional cells, you can make the code multidimensional.

To ensure accurate software reading of color, it is necessary to generate a palette containing a reference of color shades that can be used in the code, thus forming a calibration mechanism. The calibration mechanism indicates the range of averaging of color tones, which may differ when reading under different conditions (lighting, reading at an angle, etc.).

The applicant of the present invention has developed algorithms for clustering color shades and determining the dominant colors of the Nanobar code (NBC) field. Color layers can be used in the following ways.

An image's palette is the set of colors used in an image. If the image is stored in the Red, Blue, Green (RGB) color system format, then each point of this set has three coordinates - Red, Green, Blue (red, green, blue); and if one more component is added - alpha channel or transparency (A), then in ARGB format (Alpha channel, Red, Blue, Green).

A palette can be represented as a set of points in 3D for RGB or 4D for ARGB. Due to the presence of smooth transitions and halftones in the image, the dots will form "clouds" - the so-called clusters, where all the dots of one cluster have a color close to each other. Therefore, for points that are in one cluster, you can assign one average (one of the options) color, and thereby reduce the dimension of the set - palette. On the other hand, the image can be stored in CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow) or CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) format. Thus, it is also possible to produce color clustering and identify many layers for recording information.

The information is encoded into a grayscale layer, and there are 255 such layers for one channel. Based on these layers, a full color image is recreated in the selected system. Reconstruction of a full-color image is performed by summing up layers acting as channels of a color image.

At the same time, it is possible to take into account the number of colors reproduced on various materials with various output methods (printing, laser engraving, transfer transfer, etc.) or digital form, as follows.

For the digital space, there is a color coding system for displaying it on the screen. For example, 16-bit color coding allows you to divide the image into channels, each of which characterizes the proportion of red, green or blue colors. These colors form an electronic image. In the case of a physical medium, such as a printed design, to determine the number of layers, it is necessary to define or assign contrasting colors for unambiguous reading and decoding).

Let N be the number of hues, i = color depth, then the number of layers Y for a digital NBR can be found using the following formula: N = 2'.

1. at I = 4; Y=N= ²⁴ =16;

2. for i = 8; Y=N= ²⁸ =256;

3. at I = 16; Y=N= ²¹⁶ =65536;

4. for i = 24; Y=N=224= ^16777216 ;

5. at I = 32; Y=N=232= ^4294967296 .

Thus, the digital version of the media, when color coded in 24 bits, can have more than 16 million layers.

In the case of a physical medium, using known stably obtained colors, it is possible to compose a color conversion system that is unique for the material used, allowing a discrete number of layers to be encoded.

For example. On technical titanium under the influence of laser radiation, it is possible to obtain unambiguous 6 color shades: white, black, yellow, cyan, blue, violet, in this case i=2. This means that a two-layer message can be created on this material, and four primary colors should be selected for the reference color shades. Let's choose contrasting white, black, yellow and blue.

To use this system to form layers, the color can take only two values - 0 (white) and 1 (black) (see Table 1).

Table 1 . Correspondence of layers and the formed color conversion system

The selected contrast colors generated by the color conversion system for Technical Titanium are shown in FIG. 1 - the first layer for the generated color conversion system, in FIG. 2 - the second layer for the formed color conversion system.

The generated code layers are converted into a structure of encoded data in the form of two-dimensional data arrays containing streaming information about the characteristics of a code cell or electronic images of two-dimensional codes containing background areas, orienting element areas and data areas, and the image of the orienting element areas and the data area are contrasting with respect to to the background area image. The processing of the family of code layers and their transformation make it possible to form a multicolor code on a two-dimensional matrix containing a family of code layers.

The first option is to place related information on multidimensional code layers. Let's choose a color conversion system for coding. For example, the RGB system. This system is decomposed into three layers - Red (red), Green (green), Blue (blue), therefore, it allows you to form three messages that are not related to each other in any way and place them on one two-dimensional matrix. In the considered example, for clarity, we will assume that the layer

(red, green or blue) can only take two values - 0 (black) and 255 (white), i.e. match 1 (black) or 0 (white).

For encoding, correspondence 1 - white, 0 - black can be used, this does not affect the essence of encoding. Thus, if we take the red color and perform channelization

RGB using the standard function, we get the following channel distribution: 255, 0.0.

In table. 2 shows the distribution by layers for primary colors that can be decomposed into layers with the specified condition (a layer can take only two values - 1 or 255).

Table 2. Distribution by layers for primary colors

Thus, each of the primary colors has a one-to-one correspondence with a certain combination of color channel values. Moreover, each of them takes on a value corresponding to black (1) or white (0) color of the NBK color nanobar code cell. The opposite action - the addition of channels will allow you to get one of the primary colors corresponding to these channels.

In general, the process of encoding information is as follows. Three independent messages are prepared (see Table 2).

First message:

Mother

Second message:

Soaps

Third post: frame

Thus, the encoded message will occupy an area of 96 cells (Fig. 3). Moreover, in this case, encryption and the addition of redundant information for recovery were not used.

We will transform the message using algorithms that are inverse to the algorithms for decomposing color into layers, taking into account Table. four.

Table 4. Color layers of the RGB system

The encoding result is shown in Fig.4 - Red layer (layer containing the message "Mother"), in Fig. 5 - Green layer (the layer containing the message "Soaps"), in FIG. 6 - Blue layer (the layer containing the message "frame")

The result of adding the layers is presented in Table. 5, where the cell is colored in the corresponding color, indicated by a number (see Table 4), after the addition of the layers.

Table 5. The result of adding layers.

The encoding result is a multidimensional color nanobarcode obtained using special compression algorithms based on the graphic capabilities of the selected color conversion system, where three independent messages are located on a two-dimensional matrix and occupy, respectively, three times less surface under the same encoding conditions.

When splitting the encoding result into layers, we get three layers: the Red layer in Fig. 4 (the layer containing the message "Mother"), the Green layer in Fig. 5 (layer containing the message "Soaps"), the blue layer in FIG. 6 (layer containing the message "Rama") Each layer is decoded into messages.

First message:

Mother

Second message:

Soaps

Third message:

Ramu Moreover, the order of messages will only affect the color values of the final message, which allows you to arrange layers with independent messages in an arbitrary order.

To encode in the CMYK system, let's add a fourth to the three layers with the information "MaMa" (Fig. 7).

The summary message will contain the following layers:

Yellow channel (layer containing the message "Mom") - Fig.8

Blue channel (layer containing the message "Soap") - Fig.9

Magenta channel (layer containing the message "frame") - fig. ten

Black channel (layer containing the message "MaMa") - Fig 7.

The type of the final encoded message is presented in Table. 7 (colour designations are shown in Table 6)

Also, the layers can be summed up in any order - the information will not be distorted or mixed up. When you change the order of the layers, the appearance of the code will also change.

Table 6. Designations of colors in the stacked layers in the CMYK system

Table 7. Type of final encoded message

Also, the encoded message is uniquely decomposed into layers containing independent information.

These examples show the results of encoding textual information, but it is also possible to encode any other digital information. At the same time, the color of the code does not carry information about the content of the information, being an indicator of the code's layering.

The second option is to place related information on multidimensional code layers.

The specified option for increasing the density of information recording uses digital color attributes as an information carrier, thereby increasing the capacity of the code cell due to the color itself.

Thus, a cell carries an information capacity and, depending on the number of colors used in the color system, the information capacity of a cell can range from 3 to 32 bits.

The option of using the coded message compression algorithm uses special compression algorithms based on the graphical capabilities of color conversion systems. There are two coding options:

1) Encoding using only the basic colors of the RGB and CMYK color systems, in this case it is possible to encode 3 bits of information (3 layers) per color cell.

Let's encode the message and present it in the form of a color code (Table 8).

Table 8. Encoding of the message "Mom washed the frame."

The full message will be presented in the following format: Let's break the sequence into groups of three bits: 110 011 001 111 000 011 101 100 111 110 111 110 101 111 110 000 111 100 110 010 000 000 101 110

Three bits correspond to three layers in the RGB system. The presence of a bit, i.e. 1 corresponds to the maximum numerical value possible in a separate color channel - 255. Absence corresponds to - 0. Let's assign numerical values to each group of bits according to table 4.

The first 3 bits will be 255.255.0, which corresponds to Yellow in the RGB system. A cell with the color Yellow will contain 3 bits of information.

The entire message will be encoded in the RGB color system with an additional white color (in this case, white - includes the information 0.0.0, not 0 as in the binary code display). For a complete message, let's form a visual table of color layers Red, Green, Blye and their sums (see Table 9).

Table 9. Red, Green, Blye color layers and their sum

We decode the following code (Table 10) Let's decompose the color of each cell into color channels in Table four

Table 10. Encoded message decomposed into Red, Green, Blue layers.

We get the sequence

110 011 111 111 000 011 101 000 111 000 100 110 010 110 110 010 001 000 001 100 001 011 100 000 111 010 111 100 111 000 011 101

111 001 000 100 000 110 000 101 101 100 011 110 010 111 000 001

101 101 111 101 000 111 010 101 101 000 000

Let's convert the resulting sequence into an eight-bit one.

11101111 11110000 11101000 11100010 01100101 10110010 00100000 11000010 11100000

11100101 11000001 10110111 11010001 11010101 10100000

Decoding the sequence, we get the original text: "Hello to you from

Vitalik" (see table. 11) Table 11. Result of message decoding

In these examples, the results of encoding textual information are shown, but it is also possible to encode any other digital information. One color cell with any encoded information will have an information capacity of 3 bits. This coding method without additional use of compression makes it possible to reduce the amount of code in proportion to the information capacity of the cell.

2) Encoding using the entire color space of the RGB and CMYK color systems, in this case it is possible to encode to one color cell is either 24 or 32 bits of information, depending on the selected color system (24 or 32 layers of information).

Let's encode the message and present it in the form of a color code "Mom washed the frame."

11001100 11110000 11101100 - get color coordinates in decimal number system: 204, 224, 236.

Visual representation of each color layer in the RGB system:

1st color channel 0.0.204 2nd color channel 0.224.0

3rd color channel 0.0.236

Summing up - we get a cell with the final color with RGB coordinates

204.224.236 - cell contains information: "M", "a", "m"

The rest of the message is encoded similarly. The final result is presented in table 12.

Table 12. Color coordinates of the cells of the encoded message “Mom washed the frame. »

Thus, it is possible to compare the effective area occupied by the code with different coding systems for the same message - "Mom washed the frame."'.

With black and white coding - 72 cells - Fig.11

When encoding in RGB or CMYK systems using only basic colors - 24 cells - fig. 12, cell numbers are compiled in accordance with table. four

When encoding in RGB or CMYK systems using the entire color range of colors - 5 cells (see Table 12).

Such coding using the entire color area of the RGB or CMYK color systems can reduce the area by 14.4 times without using standard compression algorithms.

We decode the message encoded in the RGB color system using the entire color area of the system (see Table 13).

Table 13. Encoded message in the RGB system using the entire color space

In table. 14 shows the sequential decoding of each cell - each cell contains three symbols (3 layers). Table 14. Message decoding

When generating a nanobar code, it should be taken into account that the recommended sequence of actions is as follows:

• Choice or formation of a color system;

• Coding and translation of information into binary form for each layer; • Adding redundant information to recover lost data;

• Formation of layers with dependent or independent information;

• Addition of layers;

• Location on a two-dimensional code matrix.

Advantages of the proposed color nanobar code:

Methods of compression and overlay of information can significantly condense the code, as well as increase its information capacity by adding layers. When comparing a two-dimensional code with a three-dimensional one located on a two-dimensional matrix, the advantage for a colored nanobar code in the field of useful information is obvious (see Table 15).

Table 15. Comparison of the information capacity of a nanobar code and a three-dimensional nanobar code.

The advantage of the proposed options is the compaction of information, due to the location of a three-dimensional object on a two-dimensional matrix, in which the formed layers with dependent or independent information are summed up or by increasing the cell capacity without using additional information compression algorithms.

The main advantages of the proposed invention, in comparison with the prototype: multiple increase (at least 3 times for the digital version) the compactness of the code; a colored nanobar code is a Z-D object and can contain both dependent and independent information on layers, the ability to restore information on each layer;

In addition, there is the possibility of data recovery, there are color elements in the code structure for recognizing the coding color system and decomposing into layers and decoding information in accordance with it. Compaction of information in the code matrix by adding code layers and increasing the information capacity of the code occurs with the possibility of application to any surface.

Claims

Claim

one . A method for encoding digital information in the form of an ultra-compressed code - a nanobar code, including receiving the information to be encoded, encoding information using a code conversion table and receiving a code message on an information carrier in the form of a physical or electronic code, in which, after encoding the information, it is encrypted, compressed and adding redundant information for recovery in case of its loss, information encryption is carried out using cryptographic algorithms in two stages: at the first stage, encryption is carried out at the byte level using a polyalphabetic byte cipher with a different shift value for each byte of information, at the second stage, encryption is carried out at bit level based on the AES symmetric bit encryption algorithm, with the number of shuffling rounds in byte-level encryption equal to 1 , the received encrypted message sequence is converted to hexadecimal number system and transmitted going to the stage of the second bit encryption, for the first stage of encryption, a table of values of 256 by 256 characters or 256 tables by 256 positions is used, while the number of table fields corresponds to the number of fields of the ASCII encoding table, at the second stage of encryption - bit encryption, the number of rounds of mixing is finite and is equal to q, while the message P of length a symbols is divided into the n-th number of blocks with a volume of m symbols in the block and encrypted with an algorithm containing q rounds of mixing, when encrypting at the bit level in all rounds of encryption, the cipher design is changed, namely between operations data shift of the AES encryption algorithm (ShiftRows) and data mixing of the AES encryption algorithm (MixColumns) the blocks are shifted while maintaining the mechanism for generating round keys and mixing stages, information compression is carried out based on the methods of optimal codes, and the probability of occurrence of code words for each block of the encoded information formations are calculated only for this block and recalculated for each block, to obtain a code message, the encoded data structure is formed in the form of an ultra-compressed nanobarcode in the form of a physical or electronic image of a two-dimensional code containing a background area, an area of alignment rectangles and a data area consisting of at least , from one data block, moreover, the orienting elements area contains a reference square with a frame and an empty field, alignment rectangles and a code border frame, the data area containing the code message is superimposed on the orienting elements area so that the elements of the regions do not overlap each other, inside the reference square an inscription and / or image can be placed, and the dimensions of the reference square, frame and empty field can be changed, the center of the reference square is located at the intersection of the symmetry axes of the alignment rectangles, differing in that the digital information after its coding is placed on several information layers, which are then summarized by color patterns, taking into account the selected color conversion system, information, including both dependent and independent, is placed in a multidimensional nanobar code during encoding and encoded sequentially in parts for each layer, to obtain code message carry out the formation of the structure encoded data by summing information layers containing encoded information by color templates, taking into account the selected color conversion system.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of formed information layers is selected depending on the method of physical or digital implementation of the multidimensional nanobar code, compression algorithms based on the graphical capabilities of color conversion systems determine the method of forming information layers, their order and the result of addition in the form of a multidimensional nanobar code, which is three-dimensional, displayed on a two-dimensional space

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the physical code carrier, the alignment rectangles and areas of orienting elements are colored in the primary colors of the formed color conversion system, the dominant colors are determined as reference color shades based on color clustering algorithms.

4. A method for decoding digital information in the form of an ultra-compressed code, including reading encoded data from the code, selecting useful information, decompressing, decrypting and decoding this information using a code conversion table, the lost information is restored using information recovery algorithms based on redundant information recorded during the formation of the code, decompression of information is carried out on the basis of methods of optimal codes based on the sum of the obtained probabilities at the compression stage with the calculation of the probabilities of the original code words, decryption of information is carried out using the inverse cryptographic transformation function in two stages, at the first stage, decryption is carried out at bit level based on a symmetric bit encryption algorithm AES, at the second stage, decryption is carried out at the byte level using a polyalphabetic byte cipher with a different shift value for each byte of information, at the first stage of decryption - bit encryption, the number of rounds of mixing is finite and equal to q, while a message P of length a characters is divided into n blocks of m characters per block and decrypted with an algorithm containing q rounds of mixing, for the second stage of decryption, a table of values of 256 by 256 characters or 256 tons is used tables of 256 positions, while the number of table fields corresponds to the number of fields of the ASCII encoding table, the number of rounds of mixing during decryption at the byte level is 1, the received sequence of the encrypted message is converted to a 16-decimal number system and transmitted to the stage of the second bit decryption, from l and due to the fact that the decoding of the multidimensional nanobar code is carried out with the division of the two-dimensional matrix into encoded information layers using color templates, the multidimensional nanobar code, visually representing a color two-dimensional matrix, is divided into contrast layers according to the color template taking into account the selected color conversion system, and each layer is decoded separately into its own information block, ensuring the safety of independent or dependent information with its subsequent conversion into a single block.