WO2022127006A1 - Tensioning mechanism, surgical instrument, secondary operating device, and surgical robot - Google Patents

Abstract

A tensioning mechanism (380), a surgical instrument (300) having the tensioning mechanism (380), a secondary operating device (200), and a surgical robot. The tensioning mechanism (380) comprises a first tensioning member (3821) and a resisting part, the first tensioning member (3821) comprises a first tensioning block (3822) and a first push rod (3823), the first push rod (3823) is in threaded connection with the first tensioning block (3822), the tail end of the first push rod (3823) abuts against the resisting part, the resisting part is used for preventing the first push rod (3823) from moving in a direction close to the resisting part when the first push rod (3823) drives the first tensioning block (3822), so that the first push rod (3823) drives the first tensioning block (3822) to move in a first direction away from the resisting part to then tension a second cable (312c) guided by the first tensioning block (3822), and the second cable (312c) can thus be tensioned from the bottom part of the surgical instrument (300). By means of the structure of the first tensioning member (3821), the tensioning mechanism (380) is provided with a second tensioning member (3811) arranged opposite the first tensioning member (3821), and different cables are tensioned from two sides of the tensioning mechanism (380).

Description

Tensioning mechanism, surgical instruments, slave operating equipment and surgical robots

This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application filed on December 19, 2020 with the application number 202011510480.8 and the invention title is "tensioning mechanism, surgical instrument, slave operating device and surgical robot", the entire contents of which are approved by Reference is incorporated in this application.

technical field

The present invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a tensioning mechanism, a surgical instrument having the tensioning mechanism, a slave operating device using the surgical instrument, and a surgical robot having the slave operating device.

Background technique

Minimally invasive surgery refers to a surgical method that uses modern medical instruments such as laparoscope and thoracoscope and related equipment to perform surgery inside the human body cavity. Compared with traditional surgical methods, minimally invasive surgery has the advantages of less trauma, less pain, and faster recovery.

With the advancement of science and technology, the technology of minimally invasive surgical robots has gradually matured and been widely used. The minimally invasive surgical robot usually includes a master operation console and a slave operation device. The master operation console is used to send control commands to the slave operation device according to the operation of the doctor to control the slave operation device, and the slave operation device is used to respond to the transmission of the master operation console. control commands and perform corresponding surgical operations.

A surgical instrument that can be detached from the operating device is connected to the operating device. The surgical instrument includes a driving device and a terminal instrument for performing surgery, and a long shaft for connecting the terminal instrument and the driving device, and the driving device is used for the operation. The instrument is connected to the slave operating device and receives a driving force from the slave operating device to drive the movement of the end device, the drive device is connected to the end device through a cable, and the drive device manipulates the movement of the end device through the cable. The driving device includes a plurality of driving units, the plurality of driving units are engaged with a plurality of actuators on the slave operating device, the proximal end of the cable is wound around the driving unit, and the distal end of the cable is connected with the end instrument to drive The unit drives the movement of the end instrument through the cable. In the process of assembling surgical instruments or using surgical instruments, there will be loose cables, and the cables need to be tensioned. The existing tensioning device has the problem of large volume, which increases the volume of the entire surgical instrument. It becomes inconvenient to operate and use surgical instruments.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Based on this, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism is used to tension the cable, and the cable is used to drive the movement of the surgical instrument, and the tensioning mechanism includes:

a first tensioning member, the first tensioning member includes a first tensioning block and a first push rod, and the first push rod and the first tensioning block are connected by threads;

a resisting part, the end of the first push rod abuts the resisting part, the first tensioning block has a first guide part for guiding the cable, the first guide part is located on the cable and the blocking portion, the blocking portion is used to prevent the first push rod from moving in a direction close to the blocking portion when the first push rod drives the tensioning block to move, so that the The first push rod drives the first tensioning block to move in a first direction away from the resisting portion so as to tension the cable guided by the first guiding portion.

Preferably, the tensioning mechanism further comprises:

A second tension member, the second tension member of the tension member includes a second tension block and a second push rod, and the second push rod is used to drive the second tension block to move in a first direction In order to tension the cable guided by the second tension block, the first push rod and the second push rod are located on opposite sides of the second tension block, and the resisting part is arranged on the between the first push rod and the second push rod.

Preferably, the second tension block has a first end away from the first tension block and a second end opposite to the first end close to the first tension block, and the blocking portion is The second end of the second tension block, the end of the first push rod abuts against the second end, and the end of the second push rod abuts against the first end of the second tension block catch.

Preferably, the blocking portion is a baffle plate disposed between the first tensioning member and the second tensioning member, the baffle plate is fixed on the casing of the tensioning mechanism, and the first tensioning member is The ends of the two push rods abut against the baffle.

Preferably, the second tensioning member further comprises a sleeve, the sleeve is fixed on the housing of the tensioning mechanism, the first push rod and the sleeve are connected by threads, the second The end of the push rod passes through the sleeve and abuts the first end of the second tensioning block.

Preferably, the tensioning mechanism further includes a third tensioning member, the third tensioning member includes a third tensioning block and a third push rod, and the third push rod passes through the third tensioning block threaded connection, the third push rod is used to drive the third tension block to move along the first direction to tension the cable guided by the third tension block, and the end of the third push rod abutting against the resisting portion, so that the resisting portion prevents the third push rod from moving in a second direction opposite to the first direction when the third tensioning block is driven to move in the first direction direction move.

Preferably, the third tensioning block includes a first hole, the tensioning block includes a second hole with an internal thread, and the first push rod passes through the first hole and the second hole in sequence. The first push rod is connected with the second hole through a thread in abutment with the resisting portion.

Preferably, the third tensioning block further includes a third hole with an internal thread, the first tensioning block further includes a fourth hole, and the three push rods pass through the third hole and the third hole in sequence. The four holes are in contact with the resisting portion, and the third push rod is connected with the third hole through threads.

Preferably, the second tension block further comprises a second guide part and a third guide part for guiding the cable, the second guide part and the third guide part are respectively located on both sides of the first tension block , the second tension member is used for tensioning the cable guided by the second guide portion and the third guide portion.

Preferably, the third tensioning block includes a fourth guiding part for guiding the cable, and the fourth guiding part is located on the opposite side of the third tensioning block to the first guiding part, so that the The third tensioner tensions the cable guided by the fourth guide portion.

Preferably, the tensioning mechanism includes a first guiding mechanism for guiding the first tensioning block, and/or the second tensioning block, and/or the third tensioning block The movement of the tension block, the first guide mechanism includes a protrusion located on the first tension block, and/or the second tension block, and/or the third tension block, and a protrusion located on the first tension block and/or the second tension block and/or the third tension block. A groove on the housing of the tensioning mechanism, and the protrusion is accommodated in the groove.

Preferably, the tensioning mechanism further comprises a guide rod, the tensioning mechanism is provided with a through hole penetrating the first tensioning block, the second tensioning block and the third tensioning block, the A guide rod passes through the through hole, and the guide rod cooperates with the through hole to guide the first tension block, and/or the second tension block, and/or the third tension block move along the guide rod.

A surgical instrument, the surgical instrument comprises a driving device and an end instrument, a plurality of cables are connected between the driving device and the end instrument, and the driving device drives the end instrument to move through the plurality of cables, It is characterized in that, the driving device includes a plurality of driving units and the tensioning mechanism, one end of the plurality of cables is connected to the plurality of driving units, and the tensioning mechanism is used for tensioning the plurality of driving units. a cable.

A slave operation device, the slave operation device includes a mechanical arm and the surgical instrument, the surgical instrument is mounted on the mechanical arm, and the mechanical arm is used for manipulating the movement of the surgical instrument.

A surgical robot includes a master operation device and the slave operation device, and the slave operation device performs corresponding operations according to the instructions of the master operation device.

The first tensioning member of the tensioning mechanism provided by the present invention tensions the cable from the bottom of the surgical instrument, and through the structure of the first tensioning member, the tensioning mechanism can be arranged opposite to the first tensioning member. The second tensioning member is used to tension different cables from the vertical ends of the tensioning mechanism, so that the lateral volume of the tensioning mechanism is reduced, and it is convenient to set multiple tensioning mechanisms inside the driving device of the surgical instrument, It is also convenient to perform tensioning operations.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a main operation console of a surgical robot according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a slave operating device of a surgical robot according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a surgical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of a surgical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a top view of a driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the long axes of a plurality of surgical instruments are close together according to an embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a schematic structural diagram of a surgical instrument according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a top view of the cable routing of the drive device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a top view of the cable routing of the drive device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

10 is a schematic structural diagram of a first guide mechanism and a second guide mechanism of a driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

11 and 12 are schematic diagrams of cable wiring of the surgical instrument according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 of the present invention;

13A is a top view of the cable routing of the embodiment shown in FIG. 11;

Fig. 13B is a schematic diagram of the distribution of multiple contact points between the cable and the second guide mechanism according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 13A of the present invention;

14A to 14D are schematic diagrams illustrating other distributions of a plurality of contact points between the cable and the second guide mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a side view of cable routing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the wiring of the cable at the fourth guide mechanism of the embodiment shown in Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a perspective view of the fourth guide mechanism in the embodiment shown in Fig. 15;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the cable passing through the fourth guide mechanism in the embodiment shown in FIG. 15;

19A-19D are schematic diagrams of the fourth guiding mechanism in some other embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the first tensioning mechanism is connected to a cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;

21 is a perspective view of a first tensioning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 22 is an exploded view of the first tensioning mechanism of the embodiment shown in Figure 21;

23 is a schematic diagram of a first tensioning mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention;

24A-24C are schematic diagrams of the process of straightening the wrist by the first tensioning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

25 is a schematic diagram of a second tensioning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a drive device base and a guide assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

27 is an exploded view of a guide assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 28 is a bottom view of the first housing of the guide assembly of the embodiment shown in Figure 26;

FIG. 29 is a bottom view of the stand of the embodiment shown in FIG. 26 .

Detailed ways

In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the related drawings. The preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that a thorough and complete understanding of the present disclosure is provided.

It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for the purpose of illustration only and do not represent the only embodiment. The terms "distal" and "proximal" are used herein as orientation words, which are common terms in the field of interventional medical devices, wherein "distal" refers to the end away from the operator during surgery, and "proximal" refers to surgery The end closest to the operator during the process.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms used herein in the description of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, where "cable bundle" refers to the comparison of each cable in a bundle of cables against each other near and extending in the same direction. Unless otherwise specified, the cable bundle direction or the cable direction in the present application refers to the direction along the length direction of the cable bundle or the cable.

A minimally invasive surgical robot generally includes a slave operation device and a master operation console. FIG. 1 shows a master operation console 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a slave operation device 200 according to an embodiment of the invention. The relevant control operations on the slave operation device 200 are performed on the master operation console 100, and the slave operation device 200 performs a surgical operation on the human body according to the input instructions of the master operation console 100. The master operation console 100 and the slave operation device 200 can be set In one operating room, it can also be placed in different rooms, and even the master operation console 100 and the slave operation device 200 can be far apart. For example, the master operation console 100 and the slave operation device 200 are located in different cities, and the master operation console 100 and the slave operation device 200 can transmit data in a wired manner or wirelessly. For example, the master operation console 100 and the slave operation equipment 200 are located in an operating room, and the two are in a wired manner. For data transmission, another example is that the master operation console 100 and the slave operation device 200 are in different cities, and long-distance data transmission is performed between the two through 5G wireless signals.

The slave operating device 200 includes a robotic arm 210 and an actuating device 220 disposed at the distal end of the robotic arm 210. The surgical instrument 300 for performing a surgical operation is connected to the actuating device 220, and the actuating device 220 passes through a plurality of actuating devices inside it. The actuator drives the movement of the surgical instrument. A plurality of surgical instruments 300 can be connected to one actuating device 220, and the distal ends of the plurality of surgical instruments 300 enter the human body through an incision, thereby reducing the number of surgical incisions and making postoperative recovery faster.

A surgical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3 . The surgical instrument 300 includes a driving device 310 , a long shaft 320 and an end instrument located at the distal end of the long shaft 320 . The end instrument includes a wrist 330 and/or an end effector instrument 340 , the driving device 310 is engaged with the actuating device 220 through the joint part 390 , and a plurality of driving units inside the driving device 310 are connected to the wrist 330 and the end effector 340 by a plurality of cables, and the driving units operate the plurality of cables to thereby To drive the wrist 330 and/or the end effector 340, the cable can be flexible, and can also include flexible segments and rigid segmented strips, and the end effector 340 can be electrocautery, scissors, clamps, imaging device etc. In some other embodiments, the distal end of the long axis is only connected to the wrist, and the movement of the wrist performs the action of pressing or lifting the tissue.

A surgical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4 , the driving device 410 of the surgical instrument 400 has a plurality of driving units 411 , 421 , 431 , 441 , 451 , and 461 , and a plurality of driving units 411 , 421 , 431 , 441 , 451, 461 are surrounded by a polygon, each of the plurality of driving units 411, 421, 431, 441, 451, 461 is located on the vertex of the polygon, and the plurality of driving units in this embodiment is six , so that the plurality of driving units 411 , 421 , 431 , 441 , and 451 are respectively located on the vertices of the hexagon. In other embodiments, the number of the driving units may also be other numbers, such as five, seven and so on.

The proximal ends of the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 are respectively wound around the plurality of driving units 411, 421, 431, 441, 451, and the distal ends of the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 Connected to the wrist 430 of the end instrument and the end effector 440 through the long shaft 420, the plurality of drive units 411, 421, 431, 441, 451 are rotated about their axes to draw or release the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432 , 442 , 452 to drive movement of wrist 430 and end effector 440 .

The plurality of cables 412 , 422 , 432 , 442 and 452 extend into the long shaft 420 after being guided by a plurality of guiding mechanisms in the driving device 410 . The plurality of guiding mechanisms include a first guiding mechanism 471 , a second guiding mechanism 472 and The third guide mechanism 473, the first guide mechanism 471 is located in the polygonal middle area enclosed by the plurality of driving units 411, 421, 431, 441, 451, and the second guide mechanism 472 is located closer to the driving device 410 than the first guide mechanism 471. At the proximal end, the third guide mechanism 473 is located at the proximal end of the long shaft 420 . One end of the cable 462 is wound around the driving unit 461, and the other end of the cable 462 is wound around the proximal end of the long shaft 420. The driving unit 461 rotates around its rotation axis to pull or release the cable 462 to drive the long shaft 420 around the long shaft 420. Shaft 420 rotates. In other embodiments, the second guide mechanism 472 may be located closer to the distal end of the drive device 410 than the first guide mechanism 471 .

A plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 are guided by the first guiding mechanism 471 and then converge into a cable bundle and extend the end instrument in the form of a cable bundle. The cable bundle includes a first cable bundle Z1 and a second cable bundle Z1. Harness Z2 and the third cable harness Z3. The first cable bundle Z1 extends along the first direction to the second guide mechanism 472 and is guided by the second guide mechanism 472 to form a second cable bundle Z2, which is substantially non-parallel to the first direction. The second direction extends to the third guide mechanism 473 and is guided by the third guide mechanism 473 to form a third cable bundle Z3 , and the third cable bundle Z3 extends through the long axis 420 to the wrist 430 and the end effector 440 .

The first guide mechanism 471 is located in the middle of the polygonal shape of the plurality of driving units 411, 421, 431, 441, 451, and the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 extend from the circumference of the polygon to the middle of the polygon. The first guide mechanism 471 is then guided by the first guide mechanism 471 and then converges to form the first segment of the cable bundle Z1. Specifically, the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 form a plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321 between the plurality of driving units 411, 421, 431, 441, 451 and the first guide mechanism 471 , 4421, 4521, the plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521 are projected onto the projection plane S1 perpendicular to the rotational axis of any one of the plurality of drive units 411, 421, 431, 441, 451 The projected line segments do not intersect.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the plurality of projection line segments 4121a, 4221a, 4321a, 4421a, 4521a of the plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, and 4521 on the projection plane S1 do not intersect, and the plurality of first cable segments There are multiple first included angles x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 between the line segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521, and multiple first included angles x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 with the first guiding mechanism 471 The center of the vertices is used as the vertex, and the edges of multiple first included angles x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 pass through multiple projected line segments 4121a, 4221a, 4321a, 4421a, 4521a, multiple first included angles x1, x2, x3, x4 , x5 refers to the smaller included angle formed by two adjacent projected line segments in the projected line segments 4121a, 4221a, 4321a, 4421a, 4521a, that is, the multiple first included angles x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 are all less than or equal to 180°. Since the first guide mechanism 471 is located in the middle of the plurality of driving units 411, 421, 431, 441, and 451, the sum of the plurality of first included angles x1, x2, x3, x4, and x5 is equal to 360°, so that the plurality of Each of the first included angles x1, x2, x3, x4, and x5 is as large as possible, so that there is more space for wiring between the multiple cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452, avoiding Mutual interference occurs between the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452.

Returning to FIG. 4 again, the first section of the cable bundle Z1 is located between the first guide mechanism 471 and the second guide mechanism 472 , and the first section of the cable bundle Z1 includes the length directions of the plurality of cables 412 , 422 , 432 , 442 , 452 A plurality of second cable segments 4122, 4222, 4322, 4422, 4522 that are substantially identical, and a plurality of second cable segments 4122, 4222, 4322, 4422, 4522 are substantially parallel to each other and are closely spaced so that the second cable segment The space occupied by the wire harness Z1 is as small as possible, so as to make full use of the space in the driving device 410 to arrange other mechanisms, such as a cable tensioning mechanism. In other embodiments, the multiple second cable segments in the second segment cable bundle Z1 may not all be parallel, but the directions of the multiple second cable segments need to be substantially consistent.

The plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521 are in a state of divergent from the first guide mechanism 471 to the plurality of driving units 411, 421, 431, 441, 451, so the plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221 , 4321 , 4421 , and 4521 occupy the first space in the horizontal direction at the distal end of the driving device 470 . The direction of the first cable bundle Z1 is perpendicular to the direction of any one of the first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521, and the second guide mechanism 472 is located at the proximal end of the first guide mechanism 471, Therefore, the first section of the cable harness Z1 located between the first guide mechanism 471 and the second guide mechanism 472 occupies the second space in the vertical direction located in the middle area of the driving device 470 , and the first space is basically the same as the second space. It is perpendicular and only intersects at the first guide mechanism 471, but the first space and the second space do not overlap, so the first cable bundle Z1 does not affect the plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521. The wiring also does not interfere with the plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521. In some other embodiments, the first cable bundle Z1 may not be perpendicular to the plurality of first cable segments 4121 , 4221 , 4321 , 4421 , 4521 , or the cable segments in the first cable bundle Z1 may not be perpendicular to the plurality of first cable segments. The cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, and 4521 are perpendicular, so that the second space where the first cable bundle Z1 is located has a certain angle with the first spaces where the plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, and 4521 are located. , but since the two spaces do not overlap, the first cable bundle Z1 will still not affect the wiring of the multiple first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521, nor will it be connected with the multiple first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521 interfere.

The second cable bundle Z2 is located between the second guide mechanism 472 and the third guide mechanism 473, the second cable bundle Z2 includes a plurality of third cable segments 4123 of the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452, 4223, 4323, 4423, 4523, and the plurality of third cable segments 4123, 4223, 4323, 4423, 4523 have approximately the same direction and are spaced close together, so that the third space occupied by the second cable bundle Z2 is also as little as possible, In some other embodiments, at least two or more cable segments are parallel to each other among the plurality of third cable segments of the second cable bundle Z2, so that the second cable bundle Z2 occupies less third space.

The second cable bundle Z2 extends toward the position where the proximal end of the long axis 420 is located, and the direction (first direction) of the first cable bundle Z1 is substantially perpendicular to the direction (second direction) of the second cable bundle Z2. The two guiding mechanisms 472 isolate the second cable harness Z2 and the plurality of first cable segments 4121 , 4221 , 4321 , 4421 , 4521 on different horizontal planes in the driving device 410 respectively, that is, the second cable harness Z2 is located in the driving device 410, and the plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521 are located at the distal end of the driving device 410, so the third space where the second cable bundle Z2 is located will not be connected to the plurality of first cable segments 4121. , 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521 are overlapped in the first space, so that the second wire harness Z2 will not affect the wiring of multiple first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521, and the second cable harness Z2 will not It interferes with the plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521, and the third space where the second cable bundle Z2 is located will not overlap with the second space where the first cable harness Z1 is located, so the second The segment cable harness Z2 also does not affect the routing of the first segment cable harness Z1. In some other embodiments, the second cable bundle Z2 may not be perpendicular to the first cable bundle Z1, because the third guide mechanism 473 is not located where the plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521 are located In the first space, even if the second cable bundle Z2 is not perpendicular to the first cable bundle Z1, the third space where the second cable bundle Z2 is located will still not be perpendicular to the plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321 , the first spaces of 4421, 4521 overlap, the second wire harness Z2 will not affect the wiring of the multiple first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521, and the third space where the second cable bundle Z2 is located will not It overlaps in the second space where the first segment of the cable bundle Z1 is located, so the second segment of the cable bundle Z2 will not affect the wiring of the first segment of the cable bundle Z1.

The first guide mechanism 471 includes a plurality of first pulleys 413, 423, 433, 443, 453, the second guide mechanism 472 includes a plurality of second pulleys 414, 424, 234, 444, 454, and a plurality of first pulleys 413, 423 , 433, 443, 453 and each of the plurality of second pulleys 414, 424, 234, 444, 454 includes an axle and a guide for guiding the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 , the guide portion is rotatably installed on the axle, and in other embodiments, the guide portion of the pulley and the axle can also be fixedly connected, so that the guide portion of the pulley and the axle rotate together.

The wheel axis of the plurality of first pulleys 413, 423, 433, 443, 453 is substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis of any one of the plurality of driving units 411, 421, 431, 441, 451, and the length of the first cable harness Z1 The direction is the same or approximately the same as the rotation axis of the plurality of driving units 411, 421, 431, 441, and 451. Adjust the height of the first guide mechanism 471 and the tensioning mechanism (not shown in the figure) in the driving device 410, that is, along the driving device The proximal or distal direction of the 410 adjusts the position of the first guide mechanism 471 on the drive device 410, without routing the plurality of first cable segments 4121, 4221, 4321, 4421, 4521 and the orientation of the first cable bundle Z1 Therefore, the height of the first guide mechanism 471 can be adjusted according to different cable wiring requirements or layout requirements of various components of the driving device 410 .

Taking the wiring of the first cable 412 as an example, the first cable 412 is guided by the first pulley 413 of the first guide mechanism 471 and then extends to the second guide mechanism 472 , the axle of the first pulley 413 and the rotation axis of the driving unit 411 D1 is vertical, the first cable 412 enters the groove along the tangential direction of the groove on the guide portion of the pulley 413 for accommodating the first cable 412, so that the height of the first pulley 413 in the driving device 410 can be adjusted no matter what , the first cable 412 can enter or leave the groove along the tangent of the groove of the first pulley 413 , so that adjusting the height of the first pulley 413 will not affect the first cable 412 entering the groove of the first pulley 413 The direction of the groove will not affect the efficiency of the transmission driving force of the first cable 412, so that the height of the first pulley 413 can be adjusted, that is, the height of the first guide mechanism 471 can be adjusted.

The axles of the plurality of second pulleys 414, 424, 234, 444, 454 are also substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis of any one of the plurality of driving units 411, 421, 431, 441, 451, so the second guide mechanism is adjusted 472 and/or the height of the tensioning mechanism, will not affect the efficiency of the transmission of driving force of the first cable harness Z1 and the second cable harness Z3. Taking the first cable 412 as an example, the first cable 412 extends to the third guide mechanism 473 after being guided by the second pulley 414 of the second guide mechanism 472 . D1 is vertical, no matter how the height of the pulley 414 is adjusted at the driving device 410 , the second cable segment 4122 and the third cable segment 4123 of the first cable 412 can enter along the tangential direction of the groove on the guide portion of the second pulley 412 Or leave the groove of the second pulley 414, so that the height of the second guide mechanism 472 in the driving device 410 can be adjusted like the first guide mechanism 471.

The proximal end of the long shaft 420 is located at the edge of the housing 410a of the drive device 410 (the so-called edge means near the periphery of the housing, that is, near the intersection of two or three sides of the housing), which can make the operation of multiple surgical instruments possible. The long shafts 420 can be brought together, so that the distal ends of the plurality of long shafts 420 can be brought together to enter the human body from one incision, thereby reducing the number of surgical incisions. 6 is a top view of a plurality of surgical instruments 300, the long axes 320 of the surgical instruments 300 are located at the edge of the surgical instruments 300, so the long surgical axes 320 of the plurality of surgical instruments 300 can be close together, so that the long axes of the plurality of surgical instruments 300 can be close together. 320 The distal end instrument is introduced into the body through an incision.

Returning again to FIG. 4, the third cable bundle Z3 includes a plurality of third cable segments 4124, 4224, 4324, 4424, 4524 of a plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452, third cable segments 4124, 4224 , 4324, 4424, 4524 are substantially parallel to each other, the third guide mechanism 473 is located at the edge of the surgical instrument 400, and the third guide mechanism 473 is located near the proximal end of the long axis 420.

The third guide mechanism 473 includes a plurality of third pulleys for guiding the plurality of cables 412 , 422 , 432 , 442 and 452 . Each of the plurality of third cable segments 4124, 4224, 4324, 4424, 4524 of the segment cable bundle Z3 is brought closer to each other so that the third segment cable bundle Z3 can extend through the long axis 420 with less space to Wrist 430 and end effector 440.

In one embodiment, the axles of the plurality of third pulleys are the same as the axles of the plurality of first pulleys, and the axles of the plurality of second pulleys are also driven by any of the plurality of driving units 411 , 421 , 431 , 441 , and 451 The rotation axis of the unit is vertical, therefore, the height of the third guide mechanism 473 in the driving device 410 can be adjusted like the first guide mechanism 471 and the second guide mechanism 472 .

The above-mentioned first guide mechanism 471, second guide mechanism 472 and third guide mechanism 473 are adjustable in height of the driving device 410, not only the first guide mechanism 471 or the second guide mechanism 472 or the third guide mechanism 473 as a whole It can be adjusted, or the height of a certain part of the first guide mechanism 471 or the second guide mechanism 472 or one of the third guide mechanism 473 in the driving device 410 can be adjusted. For example, the first guide mechanism 471 is used as a The height of the whole in the driving device 410 can be adjusted, which can be one of the plurality of first pulleys 413, 423, 433, 443, 453 of the first guide mechanism 471 or the height of the plurality of pulleys in the driving device 410 can be adjusted. .

By adjusting the height of the first guide mechanism 471 and/or the second guide mechanism 472, and/or the third guide mechanism 473 within the driving device 410, the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 can be adjusted. The tension and the routing of the plurality of cables 412 , 422 , 432 , 442 , 452 at the level within the drive device 410 .

The first cables 412 of the plurality of cables 412 , 422 , 432 , 442 and 452 are guided by the first pulley 413 of the first guide mechanism 471 and then extended to the second pulley 414 of the second guide mechanism 472 . The third guide mechanism 473, the first cable 412 has a first cable segment 4121 between the drive unit 411 and the first pulley 413, a second cable segment 4122 between the first pulley 413 and the second pulley 423, There is a third cable segment 4223 between the second pulley 423 and the third guide mechanism 473, the first cable segment 4121 and the second cable segment 4122 are located on the first plane, and the second cable segment 4122 and the third cable segment 4123 are located on the second plane The angle between the axle of the first pulley 413 and the axle of the second pulley 414 is an acute angle, that is, the axle of the pulley 413 and the axle of the pulley 414 are non-perpendicular and non-parallel to the first plane, so that the first plane and the second The planes intersect and do not overlap.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the first cable segment 4221 of the second cable 422 and the second cable segment 4222 of the second cable 422 of the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 are located on the third plane, The second cable segment 4222 and the third cable segment 4223 of the second cable 422 are located on a fourth plane, and the axis of the first pulley 423 for guiding the second cable 422 is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the second cable 422 for guiding the second cable 422. The axis of the pulley 424 so that the third plane is substantially perpendicular to the fourth plane.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the first cable segment 4321 of the third cable 432 and the second cable segment 4322 of the third cable 422 of the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 are located on the fifth plane, The second cable section 4322 and the third cable section 4323 of the second cable 432 are located on a sixth plane, and the axle of the first pulley 433 for guiding the third cable 432 is substantially parallel to the second cable section for guiding the third cable 432. The axle of the pulley 434 so that the fifth plane is substantially parallel to the sixth plane.

It can be understood that, the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 in the driving device 400 may all be wired as the first cable 412; or the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 part of the cable is routed as the first cable 412, while other part of the cable is routed as part of the second cable 422 or as the third cable 432; or a plurality of cables 412, Parts of the cables 422 , 432 , 442 , and 452 are wired in the way of the second cable 422 , and other parts are wired in the way of the wiring of the third cable 432 .

After the plurality of cables 412 , 422 , 432 , 442 , and 452 in the driving device 400 are wired in the above-mentioned wiring manner, at least one of the plurality of cables 412 , 422 , 432 , 442 , and 452 passes through the second guide mechanism 472 . After guiding, the planes are changed again, that is, the plane where at least one of the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 is located on both sides of the first guiding mechanism 471 and the second guiding mechanism 472 of the cable is located on the plane. The planes where the cable segments on the sides intersect do not overlap. Therefore, the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432, 442, 452 extend along the edge of the driving device 410 after being guided by the second guide mechanism 472 to form the second cable bundle Z2, and the plurality of cables 412, 422, 432 , 442 , 452 can enter the long shaft 472 from the edge of the driving device 472 after being guided by the second guiding mechanism 472 , so that the long shaft 420 can be set at the edge of the driving device 410 .

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , the second cable bundle Z2 enters the long shaft 420 at the edge of the driving device 410 after being guided by the third guiding mechanism 473 , and the axis of the long shaft 420 is perpendicular to the joint 490 , The proximal end of the actuating device 220 is thereby engaged with the engaging portion 490 of the driving device 410 . In other embodiments, the engagement portion 490 of the drive device 410 is located at the proximal end of the drive device 470 such that the distal end of the actuation device 220 engages the engagement portion 490 of the drive device 140 .

A surgical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7 , the proximal ends of the plurality of cables 512 , 522 , 532 , 542 , and 552 are fixed to the plurality of driving units 511 , 521 , 531 , 541 , and 551 . The plurality of cables The distal ends of 512, 522, 532, 542, 552 are guided by the first guiding mechanism 571 and the second guiding mechanism 572 and extend to the edge of the driving device 410 in the form of a cable bundle, then directly enter the long axis 520 and finally extend to Compared with the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 that uses three guiding mechanisms to guide multiple cables, the wrist 530 and the end device 540 only use two guiding mechanisms for guiding, and a smaller number of guiding mechanisms can The friction between the cable and the guiding mechanism is reduced, the driving force consumption of the cable transmission is less, and the transmission efficiency of the cable to the driving force is higher. However, since the joint portion 590 of the driving device 510 is parallel to the axis of the long shaft 520 , the side surface of the actuating device 220 is engaged with the joint portion 590 of the driving device 510 , which makes the process of installing the surgical instrument 510 on the actuating device 220 inconvenient. .

A driving device of a surgical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 8 . FIG. 8 is a top view of the driving device 610 . The mechanism 671 is located on one side of the plurality of driving units 611, 621, 631, 641, 651, and the plurality of cables 612, 622, 632, 642, 652 are drawn out from the plurality of driving units 611, 621, 631, 641, 651 and pass through After being guided by the first guiding mechanism 671, the first cable bundle Z1 is collected. After being guided by the second guiding mechanism (not shown), Z1 is collected into the second cable bundle Z2. The second cable bundle Z2 extends to the drive The edge of the device 610 directly enters or enters the long shaft after being guided by the third guiding mechanism. Although the first guiding mechanism 671 in this embodiment is not located in the middle of the plurality of driving units 611, 621, 631, 641, 651, Although the angles between the cable segments of the plurality of cables 612, 622, 632, 642, 652 between the plurality of driving units 611, 621, 631, 641, 651 and the first guide mechanism 671 are not as shown in FIG. The included angle shown is large, but still larger than the similar included angle in the prior art.

A driving device of a surgical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 9 . FIG. 9 is a top view of the driving device 710 . The driving device 710 includes a plurality of driving units 701 , 711 , 721 , 731 , 741 , 751 , 761 , and 771 , 781, 791, there are two first guide mechanisms and two second guide mechanisms ( Not shown), a plurality of cables 702, 712, 722, 732, 742 are led out from a plurality of drive units 701, 711, 721, 731, 741 and then guided by a first guiding mechanism to converge into a first cable bundle Z1 , Z1 is guided by the second guiding mechanism and then converges into a second cable bundle Z2. Many cables 752, 762, 772, 782, 792 are drawn out from multiple drive units 751, 761, 771, 781, 791 and then pass through another After being guided by the first guide mechanism, the first cable bundle Z1' is collected, and Z1' passes through another second guide mechanism and then converges into a second cable bundle Z2'. The second cable bundles Z2 and Z2' extend to the drive device. The edge of 710 directly enters or enters into the long axis of the surgical instrument after being guided by the third guiding mechanism. Since the driving device 710 has a greater number of driving units, it can drive the wrist of the surgical instrument and the end instrument more freely. degree of movement.

As shown in FIG. 10 , the guide mechanism of the driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first guide mechanism 871 and the second guide mechanism 872 are both in the form of pipes, and the first guide mechanism 871 includes a plurality of guide pipes 871a, 871b in a dispersed state , 871c, 871d, 871e, a plurality of cables 812, 822, 832, 842, 852 are guided by a plurality of guide tubes 871a, 871b, 871c, 871d, 871e and converge into a first cable bundle Z1, Z1 passes through the second The guide mechanism 3872 forms the second guide beam Z2 after the guide. The plurality of guide tubes 871a, 871b, 871c, 871d, 871e of the first guide mechanism 871 may be located at different heights to receive cables from drive units at different heights. The guiding mechanism in the form of a pipe does not have the complicated layout of pulleys for guiding the cable, and the structure is simpler. In some other embodiments, the first guiding mechanism may be a pipe-type structure as shown in FIG. 10 and the second guiding mechanism may be a multi-pulley-type structure shown in FIG. 4 , or the first guiding mechanism may be a multi-pulley structure shown in FIG. 4 . Form structure, the second guide mechanism is the pipeline form shown in Figure 10.

The internal structure of the driving device 310 of the surgical instrument 300 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is shown in FIG. 11 , the driving device 310 has a plurality of driving units, a first guiding mechanism 371 , a second guiding mechanism 372 and a third guiding mechanism 373 , the plurality of driving units include a plurality of first driving units 311, 321 and a plurality of second driving units 331, 341, 351, the first guiding mechanism 371 is located in the central area of the plurality of driving units, and the second guiding mechanism 372 is located in the first The proximal end of the guide mechanism 371, the third guide mechanism 373 is located at the edge of the housing 310a.

One end of the plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d is wound around the first driving unit 311, 321, and one end of the plurality of cables 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b is wound around In the second driving units 331, 341, 351, a plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b are guided by the first guide mechanism 371 It is then extended in the form of a cable bundle, and the cable bundle has multiple layers of sub-cable bundles, and each layer of the sub-cable bundles is substantially parallel to each other.

The cable bundle includes a first cable bundle Z1, a second cable bundle Z2 and a third cable bundle Z3, wherein the cables in the first cable bundle Z1 are substantially parallel to each other. The first wire harness Z1 extends along (the direction B1 shown in FIG. 12 ) to the second guide mechanism 372 and is guided by the second guide mechanism 372 to form a second segment of cable harness Z2. The cables are parallel to each other, and the second cable bundle Z2 extends along the second direction (the direction B2 shown in FIG. 12 ) to the third guide mechanism 373 , and is guided by the third guide mechanism 373 along the third direction ( B3 direction shown in FIG. 12) forms a third cable bundle Z3, the cables in the third cable bundle Z3 are also substantially parallel, and the third cable bundle Z3 is connected to the wrist 330 and the end through the long axis 320 Actuator 340 . In some other embodiments, the driving device 310 is only provided with the first guide mechanism 371 and the second guide mechanism 372 , so that the second cable bundle Z2 directly enters the long shaft 320 as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 .

The first driving unit 311 includes an integrally formed main shaft 311a, a first capstan 316a, a second capstan 316b, a first fixing block 317a, a second fixing block 317b and a third fixing block 317c. The second fixing block 317b is provided on the main shaft 311a. At the proximal end, the third fixing block 317c is arranged at the distal end of the main shaft 311a, the diameters of the first capstan 316a and the second capstan 316b are different, and the first capstan 316a is arranged between the first fixing block 317a and the second fixing The second winch 316b is provided between the second fixing block 317b and the third fixing block 317c. The first driving unit 311 is integrally formed, which facilitates the manufacture and assembly of the first driving unit 311 . In some other embodiments, the first drive unit may not be integrally formed, that is, the second capstan of the first capstan of the first drive unit is independently installed on the main shaft and can rotate relative to the main shaft respectively.

The first end of the cable 312a is fixed on the first fixing 317a, the cable 312a is wound on the first winch 316a in a first winding manner (eg, counterclockwise), and the first end of the cable 312b is fixed on the second fixing Block 317b, the cable 312b is wound around the first winch 316a in a second winding method (eg, clockwise) opposite to the first winding method, and the first ends of the cables 312c and 312d are respectively fixed on the third fixing block 317c the cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d extend from the first drive unit 311 to the second winch 316b in a first winding manner and a second winding manner, respectively. The first pulley group 313 of a guide mechanism 371 still extends to the second guide mechanism 372 in a manner substantially parallel to each other after being guided by the first pulley group 313 .

When the main shaft 311a of the first driving unit 311 rotates around the rotation axis D1, the first driving unit 311 can drive two joints on the wrist 330 with different distances from the end effector 340 by manipulating the cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d exercise. The first driving unit 321 and the first driving unit 311 have substantially the same structure, and the same cables 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d also extend from the first driving unit 311 to the first guiding mechanism 370 in a substantially parallel manner with each other. The first pulley 323 is guided by the first pulley 323 and still extends to the second guide mechanism 372 in a manner substantially parallel to each other.

The second driving unit 341 is also integrally formed. The second driving unit 341 includes a first fixing block 347a and a second fixing block 347b respectively disposed at the distal end and the proximal end of the main shaft 341a. The first capstan 346 is disposed on the first fixing block 347a and Between the second fixing blocks 347b, one end of the cable 342a is fixed on the first fixing block 347a, one end of the cable 342b is fixed on the second fixing block 347b, the cables 342a, 342b are connected from the second driving unit 341 to each other It extends from the second driving unit 341 to the first pulley group 343 of the first guide mechanism 371 in a substantially parallel manner, and after being guided by the first pulley group 343, it still extends to the second guide mechanism 372 in a substantially parallel manner. The unit 341 drives the movement of the joints of the wrist 330 or the end effector 340 by manipulating the cables 342a, 342b. The structures of the second driving units 331, 351 and the second driving unit 341 are basically the same, and the cables 332a and 332b extend from the second driving unit 331 through the first pulley 333 to the second guiding mechanism 372 in a substantially parallel manner with each other, The cables 352a and 352b extend from the second driving unit 351 to the second guide mechanism 372 through the first pulley 333 in a manner substantially parallel to each other. In some other embodiments, the plurality of driving units of the driving device may all be the first driving unit or all the second driving units.

Similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the phases of the plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b drawn from different drive units The plurality of first included angles between two adjacent cables is 360, so that the plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b Get more wiring space. FIG. 13 is a top view of FIG. 11 with the second guide mechanism 372 hidden to more clearly show the routing of the cables. As shown in FIG. 13 , the cable segments between the driving unit and the first guide mechanism 371 of a plurality of cables drawn from the same driving unit are substantially parallel to each other, so the plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d , 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b will not interfere with each other in the first space between the driving units 311, 321, 331, 341, 351 and the first guide mechanism 371.

The plurality of first pulley groups 313, 323, 333, 343, and 353 of the first guide mechanism 371 are located on three different horizontal planes. The first pulleys are located on different horizontal planes, so that the entire first guide mechanism 371 occupies a smaller volume in the horizontal direction on the premise that the cables in the first cable bundle Z1 do not interfere with each other. Specifically, the first pulley group 313 and the first pulley group 323 are located on the same horizontal plane at the proximal end of the driving device 310 , the first pulley group 333 and the first pulley group 353 are located on the same horizontal plane at the distal end of the driving device 310 , and the first pulley group 343 is located on the first The horizontal plane between the pulley block 313 and the first pulley block 333 .

The second guide mechanism 372 includes a plurality of second pulley sets 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d for guiding the first wire harness Z1, and each pulley in each pulley set in the plurality of second pulley sets 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d Sharing one axle, the axles of the plurality of second pulley groups 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d are substantially parallel to each other, and the plurality of second pulley groups 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d are respectively located on a plurality of first planes C1, C2, C3, On C4, each second pulley set can guide multiple cables, and one second pulley set can guide multiple cables from the same drive unit or guide multiple cables from different drive units.

As shown in FIG. 12 , the second pulley group 372 a of the second guide mechanism 372 includes a wheel shaft 3721 and a plurality of pulley guide portions 3722 , 3723 , and 3724 provided on the wheel shaft 3721 . The guide portion 3722 , the guide portion 3723 and the guide portion 3724 are respectively The cable 322c from the second driving unit 321, the cable 342a from the first driving unit 341 and the cable 312d from the second driving unit 311 are guided.

As shown in FIG. 15, the plurality of third pulley groups 373a, 373b, 373c, and 373d of the third guide mechanism 373 are also respectively located on the plurality of first planes C1, C2, C3, C4, so that the third pulley group 373a, 373b, 373c, 373d and the plurality of second pulley groups 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d are arranged in pairs on the plurality of first planes C1, C2, C3, C4, that is, the first The second pulley group 372a and the third pulley group 373a are basically located on the first plane C1, the second pulley group 372b and the third pulley group 373b are basically located on the first plane C2, the second pulley group 372c and the third pulley group 373c are basically located on the first plane C3, The second pulley group 372d and the third pulley group 373d are substantially located on the first plane C4, and the planes of the plurality of first planes C1, C2, C3, and C4 are substantially parallel to each other.

After the plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b are routed in the above manner, the plurality of second pulley groups of the second guide mechanism 372 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d each of the pulley sets has the same number of guides as the guides of the third pulley set on the same first plane, and at least one second pulley set has the same number of guides as the guides on the same first plane. The number of guide parts of the third pulley group on the first plane is exactly the same, so that the cables of the second cable bundle Z2 are distributed in layers. As shown in Figure 12 and Figure 15, the second cable bundle Z2 is divided into multi-layer sub-layers The cable bundles Z2a, Z2b, Z2c, Z2d and the sub-cable bundles Z2a, Z2b, Z2c, Z2d of different layers are basically parallel to each other, so that the sub-cable bundles Z2a, Z2b, Z2c, Z2d of different layers will not interfere with each other .

The distance between the second pulley set and the third pulley set on the same first plane gradually decreases from the distal end to the proximal end of the driving device, so that the first cable harness Z1 and the third cable harness Z3 are located at the second guide mechanism 372 and the outside of the third guide mechanism 373, the first cable bundle Z1 and the third cable bundle Z3 are substantially parallel to each other, and the second cable bundle Z2 is located between the second guide mechanism 372 and the third guide mechanism 372 , the second cable bundle Z2 is substantially perpendicular to the first cable bundle Z1 and the third cable bundle Z3, so that the first cable bundle Z1 and the third cable bundle Z3 will not be different from the second cable bundle Z2. The sub-cable bundles Z2a, Z2b, Z2c, Z2d are crossed so that the first cable bundle Z1 and the third cable bundle Z3 do not affect the wiring of the second cable bundle Z2.

Like the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , after the plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b are guided by the second guide mechanism, Each cable is rerouted, eg, the cable segment of the first cable 312a between the first pulley 313 and the drive unit 311 and the first cable 312a between the first pulley 313 and the second pulley 372d The cable segment in between lies on the second plane, the cable segment of the first cable 312a between the first pulley 313 and the second pulley 372d and the cable segment of the first cable 312a between the second pulley 372d and the third pulley 373c. The cable segment lies on a third plane, and the second plane intersects the third plane without overlapping. Therefore, the plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b are guided by the second guide mechanism 372 to form a second cable bundle Z2 Extends along the edge of the drive device 310 so that the long shaft 320 can be positioned at the edge of the drive device 310 .

The plurality of first pulley groups 313, 323, 333, 343, 353 include a plurality of first coaxial pulleys 313, 323, 343 and a plurality of first split- shaft pulleys 353, 333, and a plurality of first coaxial pulleys 313, 323, Each pulley in 343 shares one axle, that is, one axle has multiple guide parts, and each pulley in each pulley of the plurality of first split- axis pulleys 353 and 333 includes one axle and one guide part, that is, each The guides are individually mounted on one axle.

When the axle of the first coaxial pulley is not parallel to the axles of the plurality of second pulley groups 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d of the second guide mechanism 372, the cables guided by the same first coaxial pulley are guided by different second pulleys Guided, as shown in FIG. 12, none of the axles of the plurality of first coaxial pulleys 313, 323, 343 are parallel to the axles of the plurality of second pulleys 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d, wherein the first The axle of the coaxial pulley 343 forms an acute angle with the axles of the plurality of second pulleys 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d, the axles of the first coaxial pulleys 313 and 323 and the plurality of second pulleys 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d. The axles are basically vertical. Guide parts 3132, 3133, 3134, 3135 are provided on the axle 3131 of the first coaxial pulley 313, and the cables 312d, 312b, 312a, 312c guided by the guide parts 3132, 3133, 3134, 3135 are respectively guided by the second guide mechanism 372 The second pulleys 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d are guided and extend to the third pulleys 373a, 373b, 373c, 373d of the third guide mechanism 373.

As shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13A , when entering the grooves of the plurality of guide parts 3722 , 3723 , and 3724 on the second pulley group 372 a of the second guide mechanism 372 , the first cable harness Z1 interacts with the plurality of guide parts 3722 , 3723 . , the grooves of 3724 are in contact, and the plurality of contact points where the first segment of cable harness Z1 and the plurality of guide parts 3722, 3723, and 3724 are in contact are located on the straight line r1. Similarly, the first segment of cable harness Z1 and the second pulley group 372b , 372c, 372d also have multiple contact points when they start to contact, and the contact points are shown as black dots in FIG. , 323, 343 are the contact points of the cables guided by the second pulley group, a plurality of circular black dots represent the adjustable contact point P2, and the adjustable contact point P2 is the cable guided by the first split- axis pulleys 333, 353 The contact points between the wire and the second pulley group, the plurality of contact points P1 and P2 are respectively located on the straight lines r2, r3 and r4 which are substantially parallel to each other.

The positions of the plurality of second pulley groups 372a, 372b, 372c, and 372d are fixed, so the distances between the straight lines r1, r2, r3, and r4 are basically fixed. Therefore, the first coaxial pulleys 313, 323, The positions of the axles of 343 relative to the straight lines r1, r2, r3, and r4 are also fixed. If the positions of the first coaxial pulleys 313, 323, and 343 relative to the straight lines r1, r2, r3, and r4 change, the first cable harness may appear. The case where some of the cable segments in Z1 are not parallel to each other. For example, the included angle between the axle of the first coaxial pulley 343 and the straight line r1 is about 45°. The cable 342a is guided by a guide portion of the first coaxial pulley 343 and then extends to the second pulley 372a. The cable 342a is connected to the second pulley 372a. The contact point of the pulley 372a is located on the straight line r1, the cable 342b is guided by another guide portion of the first coaxial pulley 343 and then extends to the second pulley 372b, and the contact point of the cable 342b and the second pulley 372b is located on the straight line r2, if If the position of the first coaxial pulley 343 is deviated, the following two situations may occur: the contact point of the cable 342a and the second pulley 372a is deviated from the straight line r1, or the contact point of the cable 342b and the second pulley 372b is deviated out of the line r1. Straight line r2. Either of the above two situations will cause the cable 342a or the cable 342a to be non-parallel with other cables in the first cable bundle Z1, thereby affecting the efficiency of the cable transmission driving force.

By adjusting the relative positions of the sub-pulleys of the plurality of first split- axis pulleys 333 and 353, the rigid wiring method can be changed. Selecting which second pulley group of the second guiding mechanism 372 is guided by, in other words, by adjusting the relative positions of the sub pulleys of the plurality of first split- axis pulleys 333, 353, the cables can be adapted to different numbers of guide parts. The second pulley group can flexibly configure the number of cables guided by each pulley on the second pulleys 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d. For example, the first split-axis pulley 353 includes sub-pulleys 353a, 353b, and the sub-pulley 353a and the sub-pulley 353b do not share the axle, so that the sub-pulley 353a and the sub-pulley 353b can move relatively on the horizontal plane, so that the pulleys guided by the first split-axis pulley 353 can be The cables 352a, 352b are both guided by the second set of pulleys 372b of the second guide mechanism 372, rather than requiring multiple cables guided through the coaxial pulley to be guided by different second sets of pulleys as with the first coaxial pulley.

The first split- axis pulleys 333, 353 are disposed at the farthest end of the first guide mechanism 371, so that when adjusting the sub-pulleys of the first split- axis pulleys 333, 353, the respective sub-pulleys of the first split- axis pulleys 333, 353 Does not interfere with the cables in the first cable harness Z1.

13B is an enlarged schematic view of the contact point of FIG. 13A , as shown in FIG. 13B , the cables 322c, 342a, 352a are guided by the first guide mechanism 371 and then extend to the second pulley 372a of the second guide mechanism 372 and pass through the second pulley 372a of the second guide mechanism 372. The guide of the pulley 372a extends to the third pulley group 373a of the third guide mechanism, so that there are three fixed contact points P1 on the straight line r1.

The cables 322a, 342b, 352b, 352a, 312b are guided by the first guide mechanism 371 and then extend to the second pulley group 372b of the second guide mechanism 372 and extend to the second pulley group 372b of the third guide mechanism 373 after being guided by the second pulley 372b. The three-pulley set 373b thus has five contact points on the straight line r2, the five contact points including three fixed contact points P1 and two adjustable contact points P2.

The cables 322b, 332a, 332b, 312a extend to the second pulley 372c of the second guide mechanism 372 through the first guide mechanism 371 and extend to the third pulley group 373c of the third guide mechanism 373 after being guided by the second pulley group 372c, Therefore, there are four contact points on the straight line r3, and the four contact points include two fixed contact points P1 and two adjustable contact points P2.

The cables 322d, 312c are guided by the first guide mechanism 371 and then extend to the second pulley group 372d of the second guide mechanism 372 and extend to the third pulley group 373d of the third guide mechanism 373 after being guided by the second pulley group 372d, so that the cables 322d and 312c extend straight. There are two fixed contact points P1 on r4. By adjusting the first split- axis pulleys 333 and 353, the plurality of adjustable contact points P2 can be located at any position on the straight line r1 to the straight line r4.

By adjusting the first split- axis pulleys 333, 353, some other contact point distributions of cable routing methods can be obtained. As shown in FIG. 14A , by adjusting each sub-pulley of the first split-axis pulley 333 to adapt to the situation that the second pulley group 372c and the second pulley group 372d have three guide parts, that is, there are three contact points on the straight line r3 and the straight line r4 situation.

As shown in FIG. 14B , by adjusting each sub-pulley of the first split-axis pulley 353 to adapt to the situation that the second pulley group 372a has five guide parts and the second pulley group 372b has three guide parts, that is, there are five contacts on the straight line r1 point, there are 3 contact points on the line r2.

As shown in FIG. 14C , by adjusting each sub-pulley of the first split-axis pulley 333 to adapt to the situation that the second pulley group 372c has two guide parts and the second pulley group 372d has four guide parts, that is, there are two contact points on r3 point, with 4 contact points on r4.

As shown in FIG. 14D , by adjusting the first sub-axis pulley 333 and each sub-pulley of the first sub-axis pulley 353 , the second pulley group 372b has 4 guide parts and the second group pulley 372d has 3 guide parts. In the case of the guide portion, there are four contact points on the straight line r2 and three contact points on the straight line r4.

In other embodiments, the driving device 310 may only include the first guide mechanism 371 and the second guide mechanism 372, but not the third guide mechanism 373, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. It extends in a direction perpendicular to the rotation direction of the drive unit.

FIG. 15 is a side view of FIG. 12 , in order to more clearly show the cable routing of the drive device 310 , part of the drive unit is hidden and some components not shown in FIG. 12 are shown in FIG. 15 . As shown in FIG. 15 , after the first cable harness Z1 is guided and routed by the first guide mechanism 371 , the cables in the first cable harness Z1 are substantially parallel to each other, and the first cable harness Z1 forms multiple The structure of the layered cable harness, that is, the first segment of the cable harness Z1 includes the multi-layered sub-cable harnesses Z1a, Z1b, Z1c, Z1d, and the multi-layered sub-cable harnesses Z1a, Z1b, Z1c, Z1d pass through a plurality of second pulleys of the second guide mechanism 372 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d are guided to form multilayer sub-cable bundles Z2a, Z2b, Z2c, Z2d.

As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 , the second cable bundle Z2 is guided by the third guide mechanism 373 to form a third cable bundle Z3 , and the third cable bundle Z3 is guided by the fourth guide mechanism 374 to form a fourth cable bundle Z4, the fourth cable harness Z4 extends through the long axis 320 to the wrist 330 and the end effector 340, the fourth guide mechanism 374 includes a body 3741, and two fixing seats 3742 extend from the body 3741 to the inside of the housing 310a. The fixing seats For fixing the main body 3741 on the housing 310a, the main body 3741 also has a plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b passing through A plurality of guide holes 312a', 312b', 312c', 312d', 322a', 322b', 322c', 322d', 332a', 332b', 342a', 342b', 351a', 351b'.

The plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b pass through the plurality of third pulley groups 372a, 372b, 372c of the third guide mechanism 373, After the guidance of 372d, the plurality of contact points leaving the plurality of third pulley groups 373a, 373b, 373c, 373d are respectively located on the plurality of second straight lines r5, r6, r7, r8, and the plurality of second straight lines r5, r6, r7, r8 is projected onto the fourth guide mechanism 3741 to form a plurality of third straight lines j1, j2, j3, j4, and the plurality of third straight lines j1, j2, j3, j4 are substantially parallel to the plurality of second pulleys 372a, 372b, 372c, 372d The wheel axle, a plurality of guide holes 312a', 312b', 312c', 312d', 322a', 322b', 322c', 322d', 332a', 332b', 342a', 342b', 351a', 351b' are arranged respectively On the plurality of third straight lines j1, j2, j3, j4, that is, the number of rows of the plurality of guide holes is the same as the number of the third pulley group.

The order of the guide holes on each of the plurality of third straight lines j1, j2, j3, and j4 is basically the same as the arrangement of the guide portions on each of the plurality of second straight lines r5, r6, r7, and r8. That is, the number of guide holes on each of the plurality of third straight lines j1, j2, j3, and j4 is the same as the number of guide portions on each of the plurality of second straight lines r5, r6, r7, and r8. The distance between the guide holes on each of the third straight lines j1, j2, j3, j4 is basically the same as the distance between the guide portions on each of the plurality of second straight lines r5, r6, r7, r8 , so that the third section of cable bundle Z3 is still a layered wiring mechanism, and the number of layers of the third section of cable bundle Z3 is the same as that of the second section of cable bundle Z2, and the third section of cable bundle Z3 and the second The number of cables on the corresponding layer cables of the segment cable bundle Z2 is the same.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15 , the third segment cable bundle Z3 includes multi-layer sub-cable wire bundles Z3a, Z3b, Z3c, Z3d which are substantially parallel to each other. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 18 , the three cables 322d, 342b, 312c in the sub-cable harness Z3a are guided by the three guiding parts on the third pulley 373a of the third guiding mechanism 373 and pass through the third The guide holes 322d', 342b', 312c' of the straight line J1, the four cables 322b, 332a, 332b, 312a in the sub-cable harness Z3b are guided by the four guide parts on the third pulley 373b, and then pass through arranged in the No. The guide holes 322b', 332a', 332b', 312a' of the three straight lines J2, the four cables 322a, 352b, 352a, 312b in the sub-cable bundle Z3c pass through the guide of the four guide parts on the third pulley 373c. Through the guide holes 322a', 352b', 352a', 312b' arranged on the third straight line J3, the three cables 322c, 342a, 312d in the sub-cable harness Z3d are guided through the four guide portions on the third pulley 373c After passing through the guide holes 322c', 342a', 312d' arranged on the third straight line J4, a plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a , 351b after passing through the plurality of guide holes 312a', 312b', 312c', 312d', 322a', 322b', 322c', 322d', 332a', 332b', 342a', 342b', 351a', 351b' Enter the long shaft 320 and finally extend to the wrist 330 and the end effector 340 .

Since the number of guide holes on each of the plurality of third straight lines j1, j2, j3, j4 is the same as the number of guide portions on each of the plurality of second straight lines r5, r6, r7, r8, so that The cables passing through the plurality of guide holes in one of the plurality of third straight lines j1, j2, j3, and j4 can be one-to-one corresponding to the third pulley, so that the plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b are guided from the fourth guide mechanism 374 by the third guide mechanism 373, the second guide mechanism 372 and the first guide mechanism 371 in order Fitted to a plurality of drive units 311 , 321 , 331 , 341 , 351 .

Specifically, when the cables 322c, 342a, 312d are assembled, the proximal ends of the cables 322c, 342a, 312d pass through the guide hole 322c' on the third straight line j1 at the edge of the main body 374 on the side away from the mounting seat 3742, 342a', 312d' extend to the third pulley group 373a of the third guide mechanism 373, since the positions of the guide holes 322c', 342a', 312d' on the main body 374 are obviously different from the positions of other guide holes, they will not be assembled during assembly. The cables 322c, 342a, 312d passing through the guide holes 322c', 342a', 312d' are confused with other cables, when the cables 322c, 342a, 312d are assembled to the third pulley group of the corresponding third guide mechanism 373 373a, since the position of the third pulley 373a and the number of its guide parts are uniquely corresponding to the guide holes 322c', 342a', 312d', the cables 322c, 342a, 312d can be assembled to the third pulley group 373a without error. On the other hand, the error of fitting the cables 332d, 342b, 312c to other pulleys is avoided.

Since the second pulley set 372a and the third pulley set 373a on the second guide mechanism 372 are located on the same first plane and have the same number of guide pulleys, the corresponding relationship between the two is unique, so it is very convenient and accurate to connect the 322c, 342a, 312d is assembled from the third pulley 373a to the second pulley 372a, in this process, the error of fitting one of the cables 322c, 342a, 312d to the other second pulley set can be avoided.

In the process of assembling the cables 322c, 342a, 312d from the second pulley 372a to the first guide mechanism 371, as shown in FIG. 13A, since 322c, 342a, 312d are located on the outermost layer of the first cable bundle, only The cables 322c, 342a, 312d need to be assembled to the guide portions of the first pulley groups 323, 343, 313 of the first guide mechanism 371 that are farthest from the third guide mechanism 373, and the sub-cable harness Z1a can be formed, thereby avoiding the An error occurs in assembling the cables 322c, 342a, 312d to other first pulley sets, and the method for assembling cables of other layers is the same, and will not be repeated here. The cable bundle structure for layered wiring and the method of installing cables in layers can improve the accuracy and efficiency of cable assembly.

The main body 3741 of the fourth guide mechanism 374 also has a plurality of through holes 374a with different diameters from the diameter of the guide holes, and the plurality of through holes 374a are used for other forms of wires other than cables to pass through, such as the plurality of through holes 374a for power supply wires Pass through, or pass through the line for transmitting image data. A plurality of through holes 374a and a plurality of guide holes 312a', 312b', 312c', 312d', 322a', 322b', 322c', 322d', 332a', 332b', 342a', 342b', 351a', 351b ' are juxtaposed and divided into multiple rows distributed on the main body 3741. A circular area 320a, the area of the circular area 320a is substantially equal to the area of the proximal opening of the long axis 320, so that a plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d , 322a , 322b , 322c , 322d , 332a , 332b , 342a , 342b , 351a , 351b are concentrated in the circular area 320a and enter the long axis 320 straight through a plurality of guide holes.

As shown in FIG. 18 , a plurality of through holes 374a are arranged on the edge of the main body 3741 on the side away from the mounting seat 3742. Generally, the diameter of the through holes 374a is larger than the radius of the guide hole, and one of the through holes 374a occupies the main body 3741. The space occupied by the through hole 374a is larger than the space occupied by one guide hole, and arranging the through hole 374a at the edge of the main body 3741 can reduce the position required for the through hole 374a to occupy the guide hole. There is a large space in the middle area of the circular area 320a, that is, near the third straight line j2, and at the edge of the circular area 320a, that is, near the third straight lines j1 and j4, the space is small. Therefore, both the third straight line j2 and the third straight line j3 have less space. Four guide holes are arranged, and three guide holes are arranged on both the third straight line j1 and the third straight line j4, so that more space on the main body 3741 can be provided for the two through holes 374a.

The distribution of the through holes 374 a and the guide holes of the fourth guide mechanism 374 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 19A , four guide holes are distributed on the third straight lines j1 , j2 , and j3 , and the main body of the fourth guide mechanism 374 is distributed with four guide holes as shown in FIG. 19A . The third straight line j4 at the edge distributes only two guide holes, so that the guide holes on j4 can be offset more towards the edge of the main body of the fourth guide mechanism, so that there is more space at the edge of the other side of the main body Two through-holes 374a are provided to make the through-holes 374a larger in diameter to allow passage of larger diameter wires or data lines.

The distribution of the through holes 374a and the guide holes of the fourth guide mechanism 374 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 19B , the number of guide holes arranged on the third straight lines j1, j2, j3, and j4 are 3, 5, 4, 2. Compared with the embodiment shown in FIG. 19A , in this embodiment, the number of guide holes on the third straight line j1 in the circular region 320a is smaller, so that the two through holes 374a can have larger diameters.

In some other embodiments of the present invention, the distribution of the through holes 374b and the guide holes of the fourth guide mechanism 374 is shown in FIG. 19C and FIG. 19D . There is only one through hole 374b in FIGS. 19C and 19D . Generally, the through hole 374b is used for The through hole 374b has a larger cross-sectional area than that of the through hole 374a in the above-described embodiment through a data line or an optical cable for transmitting image data. As shown in FIG. 19C , the number of guide holes arranged on the third straight line j1, j2, j3, and j4 are 4, 5, 4, and 1, respectively. Since the third straight line j4 has only one guide hole distributed, it can be The through hole 374b can be provided at the edge of the main body of the fourth guide mechanism on the side away from the third straight line j74 with a larger space, so that the through hole 374b can have a larger cross-sectional area. As shown in FIG. 19D , the number of guide holes arranged on the third straight line j1, j2, j3, and j4 are 2, 5, 4, and 3, respectively, and the through hole 374b is located between the two guide holes on the third straight line j1, so that the The through hole 374b can have a larger cross-sectional area.

A tensioning device is provided between the plurality of driving units 311, 321, 331, 341, 351 and the first guide mechanism 317, and the tensioning device is used for tensioning the plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b, the tensioning device includes a housing and a plurality of first tensioning mechanisms 380 and/or a plurality of second tensioning mechanisms 390 mounted in the housing, a plurality of A tensioning mechanism 380 is provided between the first driving units 311 , 321 and the first guiding mechanism 317 , and a plurality of second tensioning mechanisms are provided between the second driving units 331 , 341 , 351 and the first guiding mechanism 317 .

The first tensioning mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 20-22. The first tensioning mechanism 380 is disposed between the first driving unit 311 and the first pulley group 313 of the first guiding mechanism 317. The first tensioning mechanism Mechanism 380 is used to tension the first cables 312a, 312b and the second and third cables 312c, 312d. The first tensioning mechanism 380 includes a first tensioning member 3821 , a second tensioning member 3811 , a third tensioning member 3831 and a resisting portion, and the second tensioning member 3811 is used to simultaneously tension the first cable 312a and the first The cable 312b, the first tensioner 3821 and the third tensioner 3831 are used to tension the second cable 312c and the third cable 312d, respectively. In other embodiments, the first tensioning mechanism 380 may also include only the first tensioning member 3821 and the second tensioning member 3811, or only the first tensioning member 3811 without tensioning more cables. Tensioner 3821.

The first tension member 3821 includes a first tension block 3822 and a first push rod 3823 , a first guide portion 3824 is provided on the first side of the first tension block 3822 , and the second cable 312 c is guided by the holding mechanism 314 Then, it extends to the first pulley block 313 after being guided by the first guide portion 3824. The first guide portion 3824 is located between the cable segment of the second cable 312c between the holding mechanism 314 and the first pulley block 313 and the blocking portion. The first push rod 3823 is screwed with the first tension block 3822 and passes through the first tension block 3822 to abut against the blocking portion. Rotating the first push rod 3823 can drive the first tension block 3822 in the first direction (Fig. 20) or move in a second direction opposite to the first direction, so that the first guide portion 3824 on the first tension block 3822 drives the cable 312c between the holding mechanism 314 and the first pulley group 313 The wire segment is moved between the distal and proximal ends of the drive device 310, thereby tensioning or slackening the cable 312c.

The second tensioning member 3811 includes a second tensioning block 3812 and a second push rod 3813 . The first push rod 3823 and the second push rod 3813 are arranged opposite to each other, and the resisting portion is provided on the first push rod 3823 and the second push rod 3813 In between, a second guide portion 3814 and a third guide portion 3815 are respectively provided on the two first side surfaces of the second tension block 3812 , and the first cable 312 a and the first cable 312 b are guided by the holding mechanism 314 before They are guided by the second guide portion 3814 and the third guide portion 3815 respectively, and then guided by the first pulley group 313 of the first guide mechanism 317 . In some other embodiments, the second tensioning member may only include a guide portion for guiding a cable, and in this case, the second tensioning member is used for tensioning a cable.

A sleeve 3813b is installed on the housing of the first tensioning mechanism 380, the sleeve 3813b is threaded with the second push rod 3813, and the second tensioning block 3812 has a first end 3812a away from the first tensioning block 3822 and a The first end 3812a is opposite and close to the second end 3812b of the first tensioning block 3822, the end of the second push rod 3813 abuts against the first end 3812a of the second tensioning block 3812, and the second push rod is rotated in the tensioning direction The adjusting end 3813a of the 3813 opposite to its end causes the second push rod 3813 to push the second tension block 3812 to move in the first direction, so that the second guide portion 3814 and the third guide portion 3815 on the second tension block 3812 drive the The cable segment of the first cable 312a and the first cable 312b between the holding mechanism 314 and the first pulley set 313 is moved in a first direction to tension the first cable 312a and the first cable 312b, the above-mentioned tensioning direction Refers to rotating the push rod in this direction so that the tension block driven by the push rod tensions the cable. In some other embodiments, the second push rod may also cooperate with the second tension block through threads.

When the adjusting end 3813a is rotated in the opposite direction to the tensioning direction, the second push rod 3813 moves in the second direction opposite to the first direction, thereby releasing the second tensioning block 3812, since the first cable 312a and the first The cable 312b itself has a certain tension, so that the second tension block 3812 is driven to move in the second direction by the tension force of the first cables 312a, 312b themselves, so that the first cables 312a, 312b are loosened.

The third tension member 3831 includes a third tension block 3832 and a third push rod 3833. A fourth guide portion 3834 is provided on the first side of the third tension block 3832, and the fourth guide portion 3834 is provided on the first guide portion. Between the resisting part on the opposite side of 3824 and the third cable 312d, the third cable 312d is guided by the holding mechanism 314 and then guided by the fourth guide part 3834 to extend to the first pulley group 313, the third push rod 3833 Fitting with the third tensioning block 3832 through threads and passing through the third tensioning block 3823 to abut against the blocking part, rotating the third push rod 3833 can drive the third tensioning block 3832 to move in the first direction or the second direction, thereby The first guide portion 3834 on the third tensioning block 3832 drives the cable segment of the third cable 312d between the holding mechanism 314 and the first pulley group 313 to move between the distal end and the proximal end of the driving device 310, thereby tensioning or slack cable 312d.

The first tensioning mechanism 380 further includes a guide protrusion 386 and a guide post 3841 for guiding the movement of the first tension block 3822, the second tension block 3812 and the third tension block 3833. The guide protrusion 386 includes The second protrusions 3816, the first protrusions 3826 and the third protrusions 3836 on the second side of the second tension block 3812, the first tension block 3822 and the third tension block 3833, In the housing of the tensioning mechanism 380 , the second protrusion 3816 , the first protrusion 3826 and the third protrusion 3836 cooperate with the grooves, along the second tension block 3812 , the first tension block 3822 and the third tension block 3833 . When moving in the first direction or the second direction, the second protrusion 3816, the first protrusion 3826 and the third protrusion 3836 slide in the groove to guide the second tensioning block 3812, the first tensioning block 3822 and the third tensioning block 3812. Movement of the three tensioning blocks 3833.

The guide post 3841 passes through the first tension block 3822, the second tension block 3812 and the third tension block 3833, and the through holes on the second tension block 3812, the first tension block 3822 and the third tension block 3812. During the movement of the block 3833 at the proximal and distal ends of the tensioning device, the second tensioning block 3812 , the first tensioning block 3822 and the third tensioning block 3833 slide up and down along the guide post 3841 .

As shown in FIG. 22 , the first tensioning block 3822 , the second tensioning block 3812 and the third tensioning block 3833 have a plurality of holes, and the resisting part in this embodiment is the second end of the second tensioning block 3812 3812b, the second end 3812b of the second tensioning block 3812 is used as a resisting part to make the mechanism of the first tensioning mechanism 380 more compact. The end of the first push rod 3823 passes through the first hole 382a on the third tension block 3823 and the second hole 382b on the first tension block 3822 and abuts against the second end 3812b of the second tension block 3811, The proximal end of the third push rod 3833 passes through the third hole 383a on the third tensioning block 3823 and the fourth hole 383b on the first tensioning block 3822 and abuts against the second end 3812b of the second tensioning block 3811, The guide post 3841 passes through the fifth hole 381a of the second tensioning block 3811, the sixth hole 381b of the first tensioning block 3822 and the seventh hole 381c of the third tensioning block 3832, so as to make the second tensioning The block 3811 , the first tension block 3822 and the third tension block 3832 can slide up and down along the guide post 3841 .

The second hole 382b of the first tensioning member 3821 has internal threads to cooperate with the external threads on the first push rod 3823. When the cable 312c is tensioned, the adjusting end of the distal end of the first push rod 3823 is rotated in the tensioning direction 3823a, since the end of the first push rod 3823 abuts against the second end 3812b of the second tension block 3811, the first push rod 3823 cannot move in the second direction because it is blocked by the second end 3812a, thus forcing the The first tensioning block moves in a first direction to tension the cable 312c.

Since the second cable 312c itself has a certain tensioning force, when the adjusting end 3823a at the distal end of the first push rod 3823 is rotated in the opposite direction to the tensioning direction, the first tensioning block 3822 is placed on the second cable 312c. The tension force of the lower part moves in the second direction, so that the second cable 312c is loosened.

During the movement of the first tension block 3822 in the first direction or the second direction, the first tension block 3822 is double guided, that is, the first protrusion 3826 of the first tension block 3822 is in the groove in the housing During the movement, the first tensioning block 3822 moves up and down along the guide post 3841, so that there is no deviation of the movement track during the movement of the first tensioning block 3822 in the first direction or the second direction.

The third hole 383a of the third tensioning piece 3833 has internal threads to fit with the external threads on the third push rod 3833. When the cable 312d is tensioned or loosened, rotating the adjusting end 3833a at the distal end of the third push rod 3833 can make the third protrusion 3836 of the third tension block 3833 move in the groove in the housing, and the third tension block 3832 Move up and down along the guide post 3841 to tension or relax the third cable 312d, and the third tension member 3833 tensions or relaxes the third cable 312d in the same way as the above-mentioned first tension member 3823 tensions or relaxes the second cable The method of line 312c is the same and will not be repeated here.

Since the second tensioning member 3811 is opposite to the adjusting ends of the first tensioning member 3821 and the third tensioning member 3823, that is, the adjusting end 3813a of the second tensioning member 3811 is located at the second tensioning block 3812. One side of one end 3812a, the adjusting end 3823a of the first tensioning member 3821 and the adjusting end 3833a of the third tensioning member 3831 are located on one side of the second end 3812b of the second tensioning block 3812, A push rod 3823 and a third push rod 3833 are staggered from each other, so that the entire first tensioning mechanism 380 is arranged along the axial direction of the push rod, and the first tensioning mechanism 380 occupies space in the longitudinal direction (the axial direction of the push rod). The larger space occupied in the lateral direction can make the lateral volume of the entire driving device 380 smaller, so that when a plurality of surgical instruments 300 are gathered together as shown in FIG. 6 , the overall lateral volume is smaller.

The first tensioning mechanism of another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 23 . The difference between the first tensioning mechanism 480 in this embodiment and the first tensioning mechanism 380 shown in FIG. 21 is the resistance in this embodiment. The first part is a baffle plate 485 arranged between the first tensioning member 3821 and the second tensioning member 3811 , and the baffle plate 485 is fixedly connected with the casing of the first tensioning mechanism 480 . The ends of the first push rod 3823 and the third push rod 3833 abut against the baffle plate 485. When the second cable 312c and the third cable 312d are tensioned, the baffle plate 485 prevents the first push rod 3823 and the third push rod 3823 and the third push rod from being pushed. Movement of the rod 3833 in the second direction, whereby the first tension block 3822 and the third tension block 3832 will move in the first direction cause the second cable 312c and the third cable 312d to be tensioned. Since the ends of the first push rod 3823 and the third push rod 3833 do not abut against the second tension block 3812 , the movement of adjusting the second tension block 3812 will not affect the first tension block 3822 and the third tension block 3812 Block 3823, the movements of the three tensioners are independent of each other so that the cables tensioned by the three tensioners are also tensioned independently of each other.

The tensioning device further includes a plurality of second tensioning mechanisms. The second tensioning mechanisms 390 are used to tension two cables at the same time. The second tensioning mechanisms 390 are equivalent to the second tensioning members 3811 of the first tensioning mechanism 380 . 25, the second tensioning mechanism 390 includes a fourth tensioning block 3911 and a fourth push rod 3912, the end of the fourth push rod 3912 abuts the fourth tensioning block 3911, the second tensioning block 3911 The movement of the fourth tensioning block 3911 is guided by the guide protrusions 396 being matched with the grooves in the housing of the tensioning device, and the guiding posts 3914 .

Both sides of the fourth tension block 3911 are provided with a fifth guide portion 3913 and a sixth guide portion 3914 for guiding the cables 352a, 352b respectively. The specific tensioning process is the same as the tensioning process of the second tensioning member 3811 of the first tensioning mechanism 380 described above, and will not be repeated here.

As shown in FIG. 24A, the distal ends of the first cables 312a, 312b are connected to the first joint 330a of the wrist 330, the first drive unit 311 controls the rotation of the first joint 330a through the first cables 312a, 312b, and the second cable The distal ends of the wire 312c and the third cable 312d are respectively connected to two sides of the second joint 330b, and the first driving unit 311 controls the rotation of the second joint 330b through the second cable 312c and the third cable 312d.

In the process of assembling the surgical instrument 300, it may occur that the first joint 330a and the second joint 330b are not in a straight posture after adjusting the tension of the first cables 312a, 312b, the second cable 312c and the third cable 312d ( That is, the zero position).

As shown in FIG. 24A , the third joint 330c of the wrist 330 is in a straight posture, and the first joint 330a and the second joint 330b are in a yaw posture after rotating a certain angle relative to the straight posture. The first joint 330a and the second joint 330b are adjusted back to the straight posture, so that before the surgical instrument 300 is operated, the wrist 330 and the end effector 340 of the surgical instrument 300 are in the zero position, so that the control of the surgical instrument 300 is more precise.

Therefore, the present invention also provides a method for tensioning, which is suitable for the first tensioning mechanism 380 to tension the four cables 321a, 312b, 312c, 312d from the first driving unit 311, and the tensioning Methods as below:

First, adjust the second push rod 3813, the first push rod 3823 and the third push rod 3833, so that the second tension block 3811 tensions the first cable 312a and the first cable 312b at the same time, the first tension block 3821 and The third tension block 3831 tensions the second cable 312c and the third cable 312d, respectively.

Then, the first driving unit 311 is rotated and adjusted, so that the first driving unit 311 can adjust the first joint 330a to a straight posture through the first cables 312a and 312b. Finally, by adjusting the first push rod 3823 alone, the first tension block 3821 can be tensioned or loosened by the second cable 312c, and/or the third push rod 3833 can be adjusted individually to make the first tension block 3821 tension or relax the second cable 312c. Three cables 312c so that the second joint 330b is adjusted to a straight posture.

Specifically, firstly adjust the first driving unit 311 by rotating, so that the first driving unit 311 pulls the first cable 312a and releases the first cable 312b at the same time, so that the first joint 330a moves to the left from the position shown in FIG. 24A . Rotating to the position shown in FIG. 24B aligned with the third joint 330c, that is, the first joint 330a is adjusted to a straight posture.

Although the first joint 330a has been adjusted to the straight posture after the previous step, the second joint 330b has not been adjusted to the straight posture at this time. Since the first capstan 316a and the second capstan 316b are integrally formed, they cannot be rotated any more. Adjust the first drive unit 311 to adjust the posture of the joint 330b, because if the first drive unit 311 is rotated again, the first cables 312a, 312b will be pulled or released at the same time as the second cable 312c and the third cable 312d are pulled or released. It is also pulled or released again, so that the first joint 330a that has been adjusted to the straight posture is rotated to the non-straight posture again.

In order to solve this problem, after the first joint 330a is adjusted to a straight posture by adjusting the first driving unit 311, the second joint 330b is adjusted to be straight by adjusting the first tensioner 3821 and/or the third tensioner 3831 attitude. Specifically, the second joint 330b can be adjusted to a straight posture through the following three adjustment methods:

(1) Rotate and adjust the first push rod 3823 alone to move the first tension block 3822 in the first direction, and the first tension block further tensions the second cable 312c, so that the tension of the second cable 312c is greater than that of the second cable 312c. The tension of the three cables 312d causes the second cable 312c to pull the second joint 330b to rotate leftward, so that the second joint 330b rotates leftward from the yaw posture shown in FIG. 24B to the straight posture shown in FIG. 24C .

(2) Rotating and adjusting the third push rod 3833 alone makes the third tension block 3832 move in the second direction opposite to the first direction, so that the third tension block 3832 relaxes the third cable 312d, because the third cable 312d is slackened so that the tension force of the second cable 312c is greater than the tension force of the third cable 312d, the second cable 312c will pull the second joint 330b to the left, so that the second joint 330b is changed from the one shown in FIG. 24B to the left. The yaw posture of is rotated to the left to the straight posture shown in Figure 24C.

(3) Rotate and adjust the first push rod 3823 to make the first tension block 3822 move in the first direction, so that the first tension block 3822 further tensions the second cable 312c, and rotate and adjust the third push rod 3833 to make the first tension block 3822 further tension the second cable 312c. The three tensioning blocks 3832 move in the second direction, and the third tensioning block 3832 relaxes the third cable 312d, so that the tensioning force of the second cable 312c is greater than the tensioning force of the third cable 312d, so that the third cable 312d is stretched. The two cables 312c pull the second joint 330b to rotate to the left, so that the second joint 330b rotates leftward from the yaw posture shown in FIG. 24B to the straight posture shown in FIG. 24C .

A driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 26 . The driving device 310 includes a base 3110 and a guide assembly 3120. The base 3110 includes a base body 3111 and a mounting portion 3112 extending from the base body 3111. The driving units 311 , 321 , 331 , 341 , and 351 are installed in the mounting portion 3112 , a accommodating cavity 3114 is formed in the middle area of the mounting portion 3112 , and the guide assembly 3120 is installed in the accommodating cavity 3114 .

The guide assembly 3120 includes a housing and a first guide mechanism 370 installed in the housing, a holding mechanism 314 and a plurality of the above-mentioned tensioning mechanisms, a plurality of cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b are first guided by the holding mechanism 314, then guided by the tensioning device, and finally guided by the first guiding mechanism 371 to converge into the first segment of the wire harness Z1. Since the first guide mechanism 370, the holding mechanism 314 and the above-mentioned multiple tensioning mechanisms are integrated into one guide assembly 3120, the multiple cables 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 322a, 322b, 322c, 322d, 332a, 332b, 342a, 342b, 351a, 351b can be tensioned and guided into a cable bundle after passing through the guide assembly 3120, which saves the space of the driving device 310 and makes the structure of the entire driving device 310 more compact.

For the convenience of showing the internal structure of the guide assembly 3120, some components of the first guide mechanism 370, the tensioning mechanism and the holding mechanism 314 in FIG. 26 are not shown. As shown in FIG. 26 , the housing of the guide assembly 3120 includes a first housing 3150 and a second housing 3140 , the second housing 3140 is embedded in the first housing 3130 , and the first housing 3150 includes a first body 3151 , side wall 3152 and top 3153, the side wall 3152 extends from the first main body 3151 to the proximal end, the proximal end of each side wall 3152 is connected by the top 3153, a plurality of side walls 3152 are arranged at intervals, and a plurality of side walls 3152 are spaced apart There are gaps 3158 therebetween through which the tensioning mechanism is mounted to the housing of the guide assembly 3120. In other embodiments, the first casing 3150 and the second casing 3140 are integrally formed.

The second housing 3140 includes a second main body 3140 and a central post 3142 extending from the second main body 3140 toward the proximal end. The central post 3142 is embedded in the cavity formed by the side wall 3132 and the top 3133 of the first housing 3130 , the edge of the second body 3140 abuts the first body 3131 .

The first pulley groups 323, 313 at the distal end of the first guide mechanism 370 are installed in the top 3153 of the first housing 3150, and the first pulley groups 333, 353 at the proximal end of the first guide mechanism 370 are installed in the center column of the second case 3140 In 3142, the first pulley group 343 in the middle position of the first guide mechanism 370 is installed in the middle position of the first pulley group 323 and the first split-axis pulley group 333 on the central column 3142, so that the plurality of first pulley groups 313, 323, 333, 343, 353 are located on three different horizontal planes, wherein two adjacent first pulley groups among the plurality of first pulleys 313, 323, 333, 343, 353 are located on different horizontal planes.

The holding mechanism 314 is installed on the side wall 3132 of the first housing 3150, and the holding mechanism 314 is used for the tensioning device to always keep the cable between the driving unit and the holding mechanism in a state of constant length during the process of tensioning the cable , ie the direction of the cable between the drive unit and the holding mechanism is maintained during the tensioning of the cable. In this embodiment, the holding mechanism 314 is a plurality of pulley assemblies 314. In other embodiments, the holding mechanism 314 may also be other holding elements, such as a plurality of shafts. In some other embodiments, the guide assembly 3120 may only include the first guide mechanism 371 and the tensioning device. In this case, the push rod of the tensioning device is perpendicular to the axis of the driving unit, and the holding mechanism may not be provided in this case.

The tensioning device is installed between the side wall 3132 of the first housing 3150 and the central column 3142 of the second housing 3140, and the inner side of the side wall 3152 of the first housing 3150 has a first groove 3156 and a second groove 3157, the outer side wall of the central column 3142 of the second housing 3140 has a plurality of central grooves 3146 matching the first grooves 3156, that is, the second grooves 3157, the guiding protrusions of the first tensioning mechanism 380 of the tensioning device 386 is received in the center groove 3146 and the first groove 3156, and when the first tensioning mechanism 380 is tensioning the cable, the first tensioning mechanism 380 guides the protrusion 386 to slide in the first groove 3156 and the center groove 3146 .

The guide protrusions 396 of the second tensioning mechanism 390 are accommodated in the second grooves 3157 and the central groove 3146. When the second tensioning mechanism 390 is tensioning the cable, the guiding protrusions 396 of the second tensioning mechanism 390 are The second groove 3157 and the central groove 3146 slide inside.

The top 3153 of the first housing 3150 has a plurality of tension holes 3154 and a plurality of wire holes 3155, and the top end of the proximal end of the central column 3142 has a plurality of wire holes 3144, through which the cables guided by the first guide mechanism 371 pass through. After passing through a plurality of wire holes 3144 and 3155, the first cable bundle Z1 is assembled.

There are grooves 3147 on both sides of the central groove 3146 of the guide assembly 3120. The grooves 3147 are used to guide the cable to extend from the first pulley set to the second guide mechanism 372. The groove bottom of the groove 3147 is from the distal end of the central column 3142 to the top It has a certain slope, that is, the groove bottom near the top of the central column 3120 has a certain angle with the central axis of the central column 3142, so that the cable passes through the groove 3147 and is close to the central axis of the central column 3142, so that the first section of cable is The cable segments in the harness Z1 are closely spaced.

In one embodiment, a baffle extends from the side wall and/or the side surface of the central column from the resisting portion of the first tensioning mechanism, the baffle is arranged between the second tensioning member and the first tensioning member, and the first pushing The end of the rod is in abutment with the baffle, preventing the movement of the second push rod and the first push rod in the second direction when the tension cable is used.

As shown in FIG. 28 , the bottom of the base body 311 has a tensioning opening 3113, and the first groove 3156 and the central groove 3146 of the guide assembly 3120 extend through the tensioning opening 3113 to the distal end of the base body 311, so that the first The first tensioning block 3822 and the third tensioning block 3823 of the tensioning mechanism 380 can move a greater distance along the first groove 3156 and the central groove 3146 toward the distal end of the guide assembly 3120. The first push rod 3823 and the third push rod 3833 are respectively connected to the first tension block 3822 and the third tension block 3823 through the tension hole 3113, and the second adjustment end 3823a and the third adjustment end 3833a are located in the base body 3111 bottom.

Opposite to the first push rod 3823 and the third push rod 3833, the second push rod 3813 of the first tensioning mechanism 380 and the second tensioning mechanism 390 abuts against the second tensioning block 3812 through the tensioning hole 3154, The adjusting end 3813a of the second push rod 3813 is located on the top 3153 of the first housing 3150, so that the first tensioning mechanisms 380 are arranged oppositely, that is, the adjusting end 3813a of the second push rod 3813 is disposed on the top of the guide assembly 3120, The adjusting ends 3823a and 8833a of the first push rod 3823 and the third push rod 3833 are arranged at the bottom of the guide assembly 3120, so that the first tensioning mechanism 380 and the second tensioning mechanism 390 are elongated, reducing the entire guide assembly 3120. At the same time, the tensioning mechanism can be adjusted from the bottom of the machine base to avoid adjusting the three tensioning parts from one side, which increases the convenience of tensioning adjustment.

The above-mentioned embodiments only represent several embodiments of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are specific and detailed, but should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (15)

1. A tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism is used for tensioning a cable, and the cable is used for driving the movement of a surgical instrument, wherein the tensioning mechanism comprises:

   a first tensioning member, the first tensioning member includes a first tensioning block and a first push rod, and the first push rod and the first tensioning block are connected by threads;

   a resisting part, the end of the first push rod abuts the resisting part, the first tensioning block has a first guide part for guiding the cable, the first guide part is located on the cable and the blocking portion, the blocking portion is used to prevent the first push rod from moving in a direction close to the blocking portion when the first push rod drives the tensioning block to move, so that the The first push rod drives the first tensioning block to move in a first direction away from the resisting portion so as to tension the cable guided by the first guiding portion.
2. The tensioning mechanism of claim 1, wherein the tensioning mechanism further comprises:

   A second tension member, the second tension member of the tension member includes a second tension block and a second push rod, and the second push rod is used to drive the second tension block to move in a first direction In order to tension the cable guided by the second tension block, the first push rod and the second push rod are located on opposite sides of the second tension block, and the resisting part is arranged on the between the first push rod and the second push rod.
3. The tensioning mechanism of claim 2, wherein the second tensioning block has a first end away from the first tensioning block and a first end opposite to the first tensioning block adjacent to the first tensioning block The second end of the tension block, the resisting part is the second end of the second tension block, the end of the first push rod abuts against the second end, and the end of the second push rod is in contact with the second end. The first ends of the second tensioning blocks abut against each other.
4. The tensioning mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the resisting part is a baffle plate disposed between the first tensioning member and the second tensioning member, and the baffle plate is fixed on the On the housing of the tensioning mechanism, the end of the second push rod abuts against the baffle.
5. The tensioning mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the second tensioning member further comprises a sleeve, the sleeve is fixed on the housing of the tensioning mechanism, and the first push rod is connected to the The sleeve is connected by threads, and the end of the second push rod passes through the sleeve and abuts with the first end of the second tension block.
6. The tensioning mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the tensioning mechanism further comprises a third tensioning member, the third tensioning member comprises a third tensioning block and a third push rod, the first tensioning member The three push rods are connected with the third tension block through threads, and the third push rod is used to drive the third tension block to move along the first direction so as to be guided by the third tension block. The end of the third push rod abuts against the blocking portion, so that the blocking portion prevents the third push rod when the third tensioning block is driven to move in the first direction The rod moves in a second direction opposite the first direction.
7. The tensioning mechanism according to claim 6, wherein the third tensioning block includes a first hole, the tensioning block includes a second hole with an internal thread, and the first push rods pass through in sequence. The first hole and the second hole abut against the blocking portion, and the first push rod and the second hole are threadedly connected.
8. The tensioning mechanism of claim 7, wherein the third tensioning block further comprises a third hole with an internal thread, the first tensioning block further comprises a fourth hole, and the three push rods After passing through the third hole and the fourth hole in sequence, it comes into contact with the blocking portion, and the third push rod is connected with the third hole through a thread.
9. The tensioning mechanism of claim 3, wherein the second tensioning block further comprises a second guide portion and a third guide portion for guiding the cable, the second guide portion and the third guide portion Located on both sides of the first tensioning block, respectively, the second tensioning members are used for tensioning the cables guided by the second guide portion and the third guide portion.
10. The tensioning mechanism according to claim 9, wherein the third tensioning block comprises a fourth guiding part for guiding the cable, and the fourth guiding part is located on the third tensioning block and is connected to the third tensioning block. the opposite side of the first guide part, so that the third tension member tensions the cable guided by the fourth guide part.
11. The tensioning mechanism according to claim 6, wherein the tensioning mechanism comprises a first guiding mechanism, and the first guiding mechanism is used to guide the first tensioning block and/or the second tensioning block The movement of the tensioning block and/or the third tensioning block, the first guide mechanism includes a movement of the first tensioning block, and/or the second tensioning block, and/or the first tensioning block The protrusions on the three tensioning blocks, and the grooves on the housing of the tensioning mechanism, the protrusions are accommodated in the grooves.
12. The tensioning mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, the tensioning mechanism further comprises a guide rod, and the tensioning mechanism is provided with a guide rod extending through the first tensioning block, the second tensioning block and the the through hole of the third tension block, the guide rod passes through the through hole, and the guide rod cooperates with the through hole to guide the first tension block and/or the second tension block The block, and/or the third tensioning block moves along the guide rod.
13. A surgical instrument, the surgical instrument comprises a driving device and an end instrument, a plurality of cables are connected between the driving device and the end instrument, and the driving device drives the end instrument to move through the plurality of cables, It is characterized in that, the driving device includes a plurality of driving units and the tensioning mechanism according to any one of claims 1-12, one end of the plurality of cables is connected to the plurality of driving units, and the tensioning mechanism is A tensioning mechanism is used to tension the plurality of cables.
14. A slave operation device, characterized in that the slave operation device comprises a robotic arm and the surgical instrument according to claim 13, the surgical instrument is mounted on the robotic arm, and the robotic arm is used for manipulating the Surgical instrument movement.
15. A surgical robot, characterized in that, the surgical robot comprises a master operation device and a slave operation device as claimed in claim 14 , and the slave operation device performs corresponding operations according to the instructions of the master operation device.

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