WO2022122347A1 - Halbleiterlaser und verfahren zur herstellung eines halbleiterlasers - Google Patents
Halbleiterlaser und verfahren zur herstellung eines halbleiterlasers Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022122347A1 WO2022122347A1 PCT/EP2021/082290 EP2021082290W WO2022122347A1 WO 2022122347 A1 WO2022122347 A1 WO 2022122347A1 EP 2021082290 W EP2021082290 W EP 2021082290W WO 2022122347 A1 WO2022122347 A1 WO 2022122347A1
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- semiconductor laser
- resonator
- semiconductor
- layer sequence
- regions
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 219
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004541 SiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 SiO 2 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1021—Coupled cavities
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/028—Coatings ; Treatment of the laser facets, e.g. etching, passivation layers or reflecting layers
- H01S5/0282—Passivation layers or treatments
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/028—Coatings ; Treatment of the laser facets, e.g. etching, passivation layers or reflecting layers
- H01S5/0287—Facet reflectivity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1092—Multi-wavelength lasing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
- H01S5/4087—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar emitting more than one wavelength
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/0225—Out-coupling of light
- H01S5/02255—Out-coupling of light using beam deflecting elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/0225—Out-coupling of light
- H01S5/02257—Out-coupling of light using windows, e.g. specially adapted for back-reflecting light to a detector inside the housing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
- H01S5/4031—Edge-emitting structures
Definitions
- the present application relates to a semiconductor laser and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor laser.
- laser light sources are desired in which a plurality of emitters are arranged closely next to one another in order to be able to achieve improved resolution, frame rate and/or brightness. Particularly small distances between different emitters can be achieved if the emission areas are implemented within a laser diode chip.
- disruptive image artifacts such as speckle can occur if the emission wavelengths of the emission regions are the same, which is typically the case if the emission regions are based on the same semiconductor layer sequence.
- One object is to provide a number of emission regions which have different emission wavelengths at short distances from one another.
- the semiconductor body is formed, for example, by a semiconductor layer sequence based on a III-V compound semiconductor material.
- III-V compound semiconductor materials are useful for generating radiation in the ultraviolet (Al x In y Ga 1-xy N) over the visible (Al x In y Ga 1-xy N, especially for blue to green radiation, or Al x In y Ga 1-xy P, especially for yellow to red radiation) up to the infrared (Al x In y Ga 1-xy As) spectral range.
- 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 and x + y ⁇ 1 in particular with x ⁇ 1, y ⁇ 0, x ⁇ 0 and/or y ⁇ 0.
- 111 V compound semiconductor materials in particular from the material systems mentioned, high internal quantum efficiencies can still be achieved in the generation of radiation.
- the resonator areas are, for example, areas in which the laser radiation propagates in an index-guided manner, for example by structuring the semiconductor body in ridge waveguides.
- the resonator areas can also be areas in which the laser radiation propagates profit-guided.
- the resonator areas are formed by current-carrying areas of a planar semiconductor body.
- resonator regions are arranged next to one another, for example, along a lateral direction and each have one provided for generating radiation active area.
- a lateral direction is understood to mean a direction which runs parallel to a main extension plane of the active region of the semiconductor body.
- the lateral direction runs perpendicularly to the resonator axes of the resonator regions.
- the semiconductor body extends between two side surfaces.
- the side faces are arranged in particular on opposite sides and delimit the semiconductor body and in particular the resonator regions within the semiconductor body.
- laser radiation emerges from the resonator regions at one of the two side surfaces.
- resonator mirrors are arranged on the two side faces, with one of the resonator mirrors typically having a high reflectivity, in particular a reflectivity of at least 95%, and the other resonator mirror, which serves as a coupling-out mirror, having a comparatively lower reflectivity.
- the reflectivity on the coupling-out side is between 0.5% and 50% inclusive for the wavelength of maximum emission.
- the laser radiation emerges from the individual resonator areas parallel to one another, ie along the same direction.
- a layer sequence is attached to at least one of the side surfaces.
- the layer sequence forms for at least one Resonator at least part of a resonator mirror.
- Suitable materials for the layer sequence are, for example, dielectric materials, in particular oxides, nitrides and fluorides such as SiO 2 , SiN, Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 or MgF 2 , or semiconductors such as Si, Ge or ZnSe in amorphous, crystalline or polycrystalline form.
- the layer sequence can be attached to the side surface of the semiconductor laser from which the laser radiation exits during operation of the semiconductor laser or to the opposite side surface of the semiconductor laser.
- the layer sequence is in particular a prefabricated element which is attached to one of the side faces of the semiconductor laser.
- the layer sequence is deposited on a substrate body separately from the semiconductor laser and subsequently attached to the semiconductor laser.
- the layer sequence is therefore not a coating of the semiconductor laser, which is deposited directly onto the semiconductor laser by means of a deposition method.
- the semiconductor laser has a semiconductor body with a plurality of resonator regions, the resonator regions being arranged next to one another along a lateral direction and each having an active region provided for generating radiation.
- the semiconductor body extends between two side faces, with laser radiation emerging from the resonator regions at one of the two side faces during operation of the semiconductor laser.
- a layer sequence is attached to at least one of the side faces, for at least one Resonator forms at least part of a resonator mirror.
- the semiconductor laser therefore has a layer sequence which is attached to the semiconductor body in a prefabricated form.
- the layer sequence can therefore be formed separately from the semiconductor laser and only attached after the semiconductor body of the semiconductor laser.
- At least one resonator mirror is thus formed by a layer sequence attached to the semiconductor laser.
- the wavelength of maximum emission of the associated resonator area can be influenced via the layer sequence, in particular also independently of the other resonator areas.
- the layer sequence has a plurality of subregions that are different from one another, with a subregion forming at least part of the resonator mirror assigned to the resonator region for one of the resonator regions.
- the number of subregions of the layer sequence is equal to the number of resonator regions of the semiconductor body.
- the resonator mirrors formed by means of the partial regions differ from one another with regard to their wavelength of maximum reflectivity.
- the wavelengths of maximum reflectivity for at least two of the subregions differ from one another by at least 3 nm.
- the wavelengths of maximum reflectivity for all partial areas of the layer sequence differ from one another in pairs, in particular by at least 3 nm.
- the individual resonator areas of the semiconductor laser emit radiation with mutually different maximum emission wavelengths, even if the active areas of the resonator areas are identical or at least within the scope of manufacturing tolerances in relation to lateral fluctuations during the epitaxial deposition of the semiconductor material of the semiconductor body are identical.
- the resonator areas can therefore provide different wavelengths of maximum emission in a common semiconductor body. As a result, particularly small distances between the resonator areas can be achieved. For example, a center distance between adjacent resonator areas is between 5 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m inclusive.
- Center distances can thus be achieved which would not be achievable, or at least not readily achievable, with laser diode chips which were manufactured separately and subsequently arranged next to one another.
- the wavelengths of maximum emission of at least two of the radiations emerging from the resonator regions differ from one another by at least 3 nm or at least 5 nm or at least 10 nm and/or by at most 15 nm or at most 20 nm. It has been shown that a difference in the wavelengths in this range can be used to efficiently suppress interference effects due to speckle.
- the layer sequence is attached to a connecting surface on the side surface of the semiconductor body by a direct bonding connection.
- connection partners to be connected are attached to one another by atomic forces, for example van der Waals interactions and/or hydrogen bridge bonds.
- a bonding layer such as an adhesive layer is not required for this.
- the layer sequence has been attached to the connection surface and has not been deposited on this surface by a deposition method.
- the connecting surface is one of the side surfaces of the semiconductor laser.
- the layer sequence is therefore attached directly to the side face of the semiconductor laser.
- the connecting surface is formed by a coating applied to one of the side surfaces of the semiconductor laser.
- the coating applied is a single-layer or multi-layer coating.
- the coating can have the same material or at least the same material type, for example an oxide, as the layer sequence.
- An attachment of the layer sequence to the connecting surface can be simplified as a result.
- the coating can form part of the resonator mirror.
- the coating as an anti-reflective coating may be formed.
- the coating extends, for example, continuously over several or also over all resonator areas. A lateral structuring of the coating is therefore not necessary.
- the layer sequence is attached to one of the side surfaces of the semiconductor body by means of an adhesive layer.
- the layer sequence can be attached to the side surface directly or indirectly, ie via at least one further element.
- the adhesive layer can be located, for example, over the entire surface or only in places between the side surface of the semiconductor body and the layer sequence.
- an optical layer thickness of the adhesive layer is less than a quarter of the smallest wavelength of maximum emission of the radiation emitted by the resonator regions during operation of the semiconductor laser in the material of the adhesive layer.
- the optical layer thickness is at most 50% or at most 20% of a quarter of the smallest wavelength of maximum emission.
- the influence of the beam divergence on the effective reflectivity can be minimized by such a small layer thickness of the adhesive layer.
- the optical properties of the semiconductor laser become less dependent on production-related layer thickness fluctuations of the adhesive layer. Deviating from this, however, larger layer thicknesses of the adhesive layer can also be used.
- the adhesive layer is on a coating of a side face of the semiconductor laser applied.
- the coating is an anti-reflective coating.
- the coating has a reflectivity of at most 1%, in particular for a wavelength of maximum emission.
- the coating is applied to a coupling-out side of the semiconductor body. This is favorable in order to reduce the influence of the thickness of the adhesive layer on the effective reflectivity of the semiconductor laser and thus on its optical properties.
- the layer sequence is attached to one of the side faces of the semiconductor body via a spacer.
- a spacer There can therefore be a gap between the layer sequence and the side surface of the semiconductor body which is free of solid matter, for example a gap filled with a gas, for example air.
- the width of the gap ie the extent along the resonator axis, is for example less than a quarter of the smallest wavelength of maximum emission of the radiation emitted by the resonator areas in the gap.
- the distance between the layer sequence and the side surface of the semiconductor body can be reliably predefined via such a spacer.
- the layer sequence is arranged on a substrate body.
- the substrate body is, for example, the body on which the layer sequence is deposited. If the layer sequence forms the resonator mirror at which the radiation emerges from the semiconductor laser, the substrate body is expedient for the radiation of the semiconductor laser permeable.
- a glass or a semiconductor material that is transparent in the wavelength range of the emitted radiation of the semiconductor laser is suitable for a radiation-transmissive substrate body.
- the substrate body can also be opaque to the radiation generated.
- silicon or another semiconductor material with a comparatively small band gap is also suitable.
- the substrate body has a reflection-reducing coating on a radiation exit surface.
- the reflection-reducing coating can be used to prevent an unwanted portion of the radiation from being fed back into the resonator regions of the semiconductor laser.
- the layer sequence and the anti-reflective coating are at opposite ends of the optical path through the substrate body.
- the substrate body has a deflection surface on which the radiation emerging from one of the side surfaces of the semiconductor laser is deflected.
- a main emission direction of the semiconductor laser has an angle different from 0° to the main extension plane of the active region, for example an angle between 10° and 170° inclusive, for example an angle between 80° and 100° inclusive, for example 90° .
- the semiconductor laser can function as a surface emitter, although the radiation propagating in the semiconductor laser, in contrast to a surface-emitting laser with a vertical cavity (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser, VCSEL), oscillates along the main extension plane of the active region and emerges laterally from the semiconductor body.
- VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser
- the semiconductor laser described is particularly suitable, for example, for applications in which a plurality of emission regions are required next to one another at a small distance, for example for laser beam scanners in augmented reality applications.
- a semiconductor body which has a plurality of resonator regions, the resonator regions being arranged next to one another along a lateral direction and each having an active region provided for generating radiation.
- a layer sequence is formed on a substrate body. The layer sequence is attached to a side surface of the semiconductor body, the layer sequence forming at least part of a resonator mirror for at least one resonator region.
- the layer sequence is thus formed separately from the semiconductor body on a separate substrate body, for example by a deposition method, such as a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) process.
- a deposition method such as a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) process.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- CBE chemical beam epitaxy
- the layer sequence prefabricated in this way can be attached to the semiconductor body.
- subregions of the layer sequence that differ from one another can be formed when the layer sequence is formed, for example by lithographic structuring of the layer sequence. Such structuring can be implemented more easily and reliably on a substrate body than on a side surface of a semiconductor laser.
- the layer sequence is attached to the side surface by a direct bond connection. This can be promoted by the action of pressure and/or temperature.
- the substrate body is removed.
- the substrate body can be removed even before the layer sequence is attached to the side face of the semiconductor laser.
- the layer sequence is pressed onto the semiconductor laser by means of a transfer method.
- the method described is particularly suitable for producing a semiconductor laser as described above.
- Features listed in connection with the semiconductor laser can therefore also be used for the method and vice versa.
- FIG. 1A to 1C show an exemplary embodiment of a semiconductor laser, with FIG. 4A showing a schematic sectional view and FIG. 1B showing a schematic top view.
- FIG. 1C shows an example of a spectral profile of the reflectivity product R formed by the product of the reflectivities of the resonator mirrors;
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show an exemplary embodiment of a semiconductor laser in a schematic sectional view (FIG. 2A) and in a plan view (FIG. 2B);
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show an exemplary embodiment of a semiconductor laser in a schematic sectional view (FIG. 3A) and in a plan view (FIG. 3B);
- FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a semiconductor laser in a schematic sectional view
- FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a semiconductor laser in a schematic sectional view
- FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a semiconductor laser in a schematic sectional view
- FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a semiconductor laser in a schematic sectional view
- FIG. 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of a semiconductor laser in a schematic sectional view
- FIGS. 9A to 9C show an exemplary embodiment of a method for producing a semiconductor laser using intermediate steps shown in schematic top view in FIGS. 9A and 9C and in a sectional view through the substrate body in FIG. 9B.
- the semiconductor laser 1 has a semiconductor body 2 with a plurality of resonator regions 3.
- FIG. in the exemplary embodiment shown, the semiconductor laser 1 has four resonator regions 3 .
- the number of resonator areas can vary within wide limits.
- the number of resonator regions 3 is between 2 and 20 inclusive.
- the resonator regions 3 are arranged next to one another along a lateral direction and each have an active region 20 provided for generating radiation.
- the active region 20 is arranged between a first semiconductor layer 21 of a first conductivity type and a second semiconductor layer 22 of a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type, so that the active region 20 is in a pn junction.
- the first semiconductor layer 21 is n-conductive and the second semiconductor layer 22 is p-conductive.
- the first semiconductor layer 21, the second semiconductor layer 22 and the active region 20 are each typically formed in multiple layers.
- the active region 20 has a quantum structure with one or more quantum wells.
- the semiconductor body 2 is arranged on a carrier 29 , for example a growth substrate for the epitaxial deposition of the semiconductor layers of the semiconductor body 2 .
- the carrier 29 can also be different from the growth substrate and can be attached to the semiconductor body 2 by wafer bonding, for example during the production of the semiconductor laser 1 .
- the semiconductor body 2 extends between two opposite side surfaces 25, which delimit the semiconductor body 2 in the lateral direction.
- laser radiation emerges from the resonator regions 3 at one of the two side surfaces 25 . This is illustrated in each case by arrows 9 in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- a layer sequence 4 is fastened to one of the side faces 25, in the exemplary embodiment shown to the side face 25 at which the laser radiation emerges from the semiconductor laser 1.
- the layer sequence 4 has a plurality of partial regions 40 .
- the sections 40 are different from each other, with a section 40 each for is provided in one of the resonator regions 3 and forms the resonator mirror 5 for the respective resonator region 3 .
- the resonator mirror 5 is formed by a highly reflective coating 75 on the opposite side face 25 .
- the highly reflective coating has a reflectivity of at least 95%, for example 99% or more, for the laser radiation to be generated by the semiconductor laser.
- the layer sequence 4 is formed, for example, by a sequence of several layers, for example oxide layers and/or nitride layers, with adjacent layers each having different refractive indices, so that a Bragg mirror is formed.
- the partial regions 40 of the layer sequence differ from one another with regard to their wavelength of maximum reflectivity. This is shown schematically in Figure 1C.
- the spectral profile of the reflectivity product R from the reflectivity of the two resonator mirrors 5 is shown schematically for each of the four subregions 40 .
- the spectral difference of this reflectivity product R results in particular from the different design of the partial areas 40.
- the partial areas 40 can differ from one another with regard to the layer thicknesses, the materials and/or the number of layers.
- the highly reflective coating 75 which forms the opposite resonator mirror 5, can be the same for all resonator regions 3.
- the partial regions 40 which differ from one another in terms of their maximum reflectivity wavelength ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, it is possible to separate the resonator regions 3 from one another have different wavelengths of maximum emission.
- the difference for at least two of the resonator regions 3 is between 3 nm and 20 nm inclusive.
- These different wavelengths of maximum reflectivity cause corresponding different wavelengths of maximum emission of the semiconductor laser 1.
- the wavelengths of maximum reflectivity and thus also the wavelengths of maximum emission for all semiconductor lasers differ from each other in pairs.
- the partial regions 40 of the layer sequence 4 can also be formed in such a way that the radiation emitted by the associated resonator regions 3 differs in polarization for at least two resonator regions.
- the polarizations of the radiation emitted by adjacent resonator regions 3 can be oriented perpendicular to one another. As a result, artefacts caused by emission regions arranged closely next to one another can be further reduced.
- the layer sequence 4 is attached to a connecting surface 6 on the side surface of the semiconductor body 2 by a direct bond connection.
- the connecting surface 6 is the side surface 25 of the semiconductor body.
- the layer sequence 4 is therefore directly adjacent to the side face 25 of the semiconductor body 2 .
- the active regions 20 of the resonator regions 3 do not differ from one another, at least nominally, the individual resonator regions 3 each emit radiation with wavelengths of maximum emission that differ from one another. So it can resonator 3 with different wavelengths of maximum emission are integrated in a common semiconductor body 2. As a result, small distances between the resonator regions 3 can be achieved, in particular in comparison to individual semiconductor chips that are arranged next to one another.
- the layer sequence 4 is arranged on a substrate body 45.
- the substrate body 45 forms a radiation exit surface 46 of the semiconductor laser.
- the substrate body 45 is expediently permeable to the radiation generated by the semiconductor laser 1 .
- the substrate body 45 can also be opaque to the radiation generated by the semiconductor laser 1 if the layer sequence 4 does not form the resonator mirror 5 from which the radiation exits during operation of the semiconductor laser, but rather the opposite resonator mirror 5.
- the semiconductor body 2 has a III-V compound semiconductor material, for example.
- the radiation to be generated is, for example, in the ultraviolet, visible or infrared spectral range.
- a structuring of the semiconductor bodies in ridge waveguides or a planar design of the semiconductor laser 1 is suitable for forming the resonator regions 3, in which the radiation propagating in the resonator region 3 is gain-guided in the lateral direction.
- the connecting surface 6 is formed by a coating 7 on a side surface 25 of the semiconductor laser 1 .
- the coating 7 together with the layer sequence 4 can each form resonator mirrors 5 for the resonator regions 3 .
- the coating 7 extends continuously over adjacent resonator regions 3, in particular over all resonator regions 3 of a semiconductor laser 1.
- no lateral structuring of the coating 7 is therefore necessary.
- the materials specified in connection with the layer sequence 4 are suitable for the coating 7 , for example a dielectric material such as an oxide.
- the direct bonded connection at the connection surface 6 can take place between two layers of the same material type, for example between two oxide layers. A direct bond connection can thus be formed particularly reliably.
- the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment described in connection with FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- the substrate body 45 has a deflection surface 48 . Radiation emerging from the semiconductor body 2 and coupled into the substrate body 45 is deflected at the deflection surface 48 such that a main emission direction of the semiconductor laser is arranged at an angle to the main extension plane of the active region 20 .
- the angle is 90°, so that the semiconductor laser emits perpendicularly to the main extension plane of the active region 20.
- the radiation exit surface 46 thus runs parallel to the main extension plane of the active region 20 of the semiconductor 1.
- other emission angles can also be set.
- the reflection at the deflection surface 48 takes place by total reflection at the deflection surface 48.
- a reflective layer for example a metal layer or a Bragg mirror, can also be arranged on the deflection surface 48.
- Such a deflection surface can also be used in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 2A and 2B, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
- the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment described in connection with FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- the radiation exit surface 46 of the substrate body 45 has a reflection-reducing coating 47 .
- the proportion of radiation that is reflected at the radiation exit surface 46 and could therefore be fed back into the semiconductor body 2 can be minimized by means of the reflection-reducing coating.
- Such a reflection-reducing coating 47 can also be used in the other exemplary embodiments with a substrate body 45 .
- the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in connection with FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- the layer sequence 4 is attached to a side surface 25 of the semiconductor body 2 by means of a connecting layer 25 .
- a layer thickness of the adhesive layer 65 is preferably small compared to the wavelength of the radiation to be emitted by the semiconductor laser, so that the adhesive layer 65 has no significant disruptive effect on the resonator between the resonator surfaces 5 .
- a layer thickness of the adhesive layer is between 10 nm and 40 nm inclusive.
- the adhesive layer 65 can also be applied to a coating 7 of the side surface 25 (cf. FIG. 2A).
- the coating 7 is a reflection-reducing coating.
- the reflectivity for the wavelength of maximum emission of the radiation emitted by the semiconductor laser 1 is at most 1%. As a result, the influence of the adhesive layer 65 on the optical properties of the semiconductor laser 1 can be further reduced.
- the semiconductor laser 1 shown in FIG. 5 has a reflection-reducing coating 47 on the radiation exit surface 46 of the substrate body 45, as described in connection with FIG.
- a reflection-reducing coating 47 is not absolutely necessary.
- FIG. 6 essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment described in connection with FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- the side surface 25 of the semiconductor body 2 and the side surface 25 of the semiconductor body 2 are identical to the side surface 25 of the semiconductor body 2 and the side surface 25 of the semiconductor body 2 and the side surface 25 of the semiconductor body 2 and the side surface 25 of the semiconductor body 2 and the side surface 25 of the semiconductor body 2 and the side surface 25 of the semiconductor body 2 and the side surface 25 of the semiconductor body 2 and the
- Layer sequence 4 a spacer 8 arranged.
- the Layer sequence 4 is attached to the side surface 25 via the spacer 8 .
- the fastening can take place via a direct bond connection or an adhesive layer.
- a gap 85 is formed between the side face 25 and the layer sequence 4 .
- the gap 85 is free of solid material and filled, for example, with a gas such as air.
- the width of the gap 85 ie the extension along the main emission direction of the radiation, is expediently small compared to the wavelength of the radiation to be generated by the semiconductor laser. As a result, the reflection at the side surface 25, that is to say the boundary surface with the gap 85, can be reduced. If the spacer 8 is fastened via an adhesive layer 65, the bond can be formed in such a way that the radiation does not have to be coupled out of the semiconductor laser through the adhesive layer.
- the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7 essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment described in connection with FIG.
- the spacer 8 is arranged to the side of the layer sequence 4 .
- the spacer 8 and the layer sequence 4 are therefore located next to one another on the substrate body 45 .
- the layer sequence 4 is therefore attached to the side surface 25 via the substrate body 45 .
- the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment described in connection with FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- the semiconductor laser 1 is free of a substrate body 45 of the layer sequence 4.
- the layer sequence 4 even the radiation exit surface of the semiconductor laser 1 if the layer sequence 4 forms the resonator mirror 5 at which the radiation exits during operation of the semiconductor laser 1.
- FIGS. 9A to 9C An exemplary embodiment of a method for producing a semiconductor laser 1 is described in FIGS. 9A to 9C.
- a semiconductor body 2 is provided, the semiconductor body having a plurality of resonator regions, the resonator regions 3 being arranged next to one another along a lateral direction and each having an active region 20 provided for generating radiation (compare FIG. 1B).
- FIG. 9B shows a layer sequence 4 which has been formed on a substrate body 45 .
- the layer sequences can be deposited using a PVD method and/or a CVD method and subsequently structured. The deposition of dielectric layers and the structuring can also be repeated several times.
- the partial regions 40 are formed on the substrate body 45 with a center-to-center distance from one another that corresponds to the center-to-center distance of the resonator regions 3 of the semiconductor body 2 to which the layer sequence 4 is attached in a subsequent production step.
- FIG. 9C shows the finished semiconductor laser 1 with the layer sequence 4 fastened to a side face 25 of the semiconductor body 2, the layer sequence 4 for at least one Resonator area, in the embodiment shown, for each of the four resonator areas, at least part of a resonator mirror 5 forms.
- the method is shown as an example using the production of a semiconductor laser 1, which is designed as described in connection with FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- the method can also be modified in order to produce the semiconductor laser 1 described in connection with the other exemplary embodiments or other semiconductor lasers.
- the layer sequence 4 can also be attached to the side face 25 of the semiconductor body 2 by an adhesive layer instead of by a direct bond connection.
- the substrate body 45 can be removed, for example even before the layer sequence 4 is attached to the side face 25 of the semiconductor body 2 .
- the layer sequence 4 without a substrate can be pressed onto the side face 25 by a transfer method, for example.
- a layer sequence 4 can be formed separately from the semiconductor body 2 of the semiconductor laser 1, which has different reflection profiles for individual resonator regions 3 of the semiconductor laser 1.
- the reflection profiles can be checked before attachment to the semiconductor laser.
- slight deviations in the emission wavelength of the semiconductor laser can be made by adapting the separately produced layer sequence without having to change the production of the semiconductor bodies 2 per se.
- the invention is not limited by the description based on the exemplary embodiments. Rather, the invention encompasses every new feature and every combination of features, which in particular includes every combination of features in the patent claims, even if this feature or this combination itself is not explicitly specified in the patent claims or exemplary embodiments.
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Abstract
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CN202180083368.7A CN116615846A (zh) | 2020-12-11 | 2021-11-19 | 半导体激光器和用于制造半导体激光器的方法 |
JP2023530319A JP2023552298A (ja) | 2020-12-11 | 2021-11-19 | 半導体レーザおよび半導体レーザの製造方法 |
US18/253,256 US20240022044A1 (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2021-11-19 | Semiconductor Laser and Method of Producing a Semiconductor Laser |
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DE102020133174.6A DE102020133174A1 (de) | 2020-12-11 | 2020-12-11 | Halbleiterlaser und verfahren zur herstellung eines halbleiterlasers |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4993036A (en) * | 1988-09-28 | 1991-02-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Semiconductor laser array including lasers with reflecting means having different wavelength selection properties |
US6438150B1 (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2002-08-20 | Telecordia Technologies, Inc. | Edge-emitting semiconductor laser having asymmetric interference filters |
US20030103541A1 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-05 | Yu Zheng | Fabry-Perot laser |
DE102018117518A1 (de) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-01-23 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Halbleiterlaser |
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US20020176466A1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-11-28 | Yoon Young Duk | Semiconductor laser device, semiconductor laser module, and raman amplifier using the device or module |
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2020
- 2020-12-11 DE DE102020133174.6A patent/DE102020133174A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-11-19 US US18/253,256 patent/US20240022044A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-19 WO PCT/EP2021/082290 patent/WO2022122347A1/de active Application Filing
- 2021-11-19 CN CN202180083368.7A patent/CN116615846A/zh active Pending
- 2021-11-19 JP JP2023530319A patent/JP2023552298A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4993036A (en) * | 1988-09-28 | 1991-02-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Semiconductor laser array including lasers with reflecting means having different wavelength selection properties |
US6438150B1 (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2002-08-20 | Telecordia Technologies, Inc. | Edge-emitting semiconductor laser having asymmetric interference filters |
US20030103541A1 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-05 | Yu Zheng | Fabry-Perot laser |
DE102018117518A1 (de) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-01-23 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Halbleiterlaser |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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FRITZ WILLIAM: "Screening Test Procedure For Long Life Single Mode Step Index Separate Confinement Heterostructure Single Quantum Well (Sinsch-Sqw) Laser Diodes", PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE, vol. 1043, 22 June 1989 (1989-06-22), 1000 20th St. Bellingham WA 98225-6705 USA, pages 368, XP055891532, ISSN: 0277-786X, ISBN: 978-1-5106-4548-6, DOI: 10.1117/12.976393 * |
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US20240022044A1 (en) | 2024-01-18 |
JP2023552298A (ja) | 2023-12-15 |
CN116615846A (zh) | 2023-08-18 |
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