WO2022122056A1 - Universal loading device for use in ct scanner - Google Patents

Universal loading device for use in ct scanner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022122056A1
WO2022122056A1 PCT/CZ2021/050097 CZ2021050097W WO2022122056A1 WO 2022122056 A1 WO2022122056 A1 WO 2022122056A1 CZ 2021050097 W CZ2021050097 W CZ 2021050097W WO 2022122056 A1 WO2022122056 A1 WO 2022122056A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tomography
module
integral
loading
testing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CZ2021/050097
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Tomáš Fíla
Václav Rada
Petr Zlámal
Jan Šleichrt
Daniel Kytýř
Original Assignee
Ústav Teoretické A Aplikované Mechaniky Av Čr, V.V.I.
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Priority claimed from CZ2020-666A external-priority patent/CZ2020666A3/en
Priority claimed from CZ202038338U external-priority patent/CZ35414U1/en
Application filed by Ústav Teoretické A Aplikované Mechaniky Av Čr, V.V.I. filed Critical Ústav Teoretické A Aplikované Mechaniky Av Čr, V.V.I.
Publication of WO2022122056A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022122056A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/30—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features
    • G01N2223/309—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features support of sample holder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/30—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features
    • G01N2223/33—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features scanning, i.e. relative motion for measurement of successive object-parts
    • G01N2223/3306—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features scanning, i.e. relative motion for measurement of successive object-parts object rotates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
    • G01N2223/607—Specific applications or type of materials strain

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a universal loading device for the mechanical loading of an object under examination during the scanning of its internal structure by ionizing radiation, in particular for use in a computed tomography scanner.
  • CT computed tomography
  • the object to be studied is typically placed on a rotary table and rotated during tomography scanning, with an X-ray projection of the object studied being taken at defined angles of rotation.
  • the set of projections obtained in this way is then processed by means of a computational algorithm and reconstructed into the form of a spatial model (3D) of the internal structure of the object studied.
  • these are single-purpose devices that do not allow for universal testing and variability of use resulting from the wide range of applications of computed tomography.
  • these devices are designed for testing specific materials with specific dimensions of the object studied, which are additionally limited by dimensions of the tomography scanner, the required resolution of tomographic reconstruction, its load bearing capacity, or testing mode.
  • Another known approach to solving the problem with the size and load bearing capacity of standard tomography scanners is to integrate a tomography table into a loading device.
  • a known disadvantage of such a design of the loading device is that it is usually a large frame which is intended for hall tomography scanners.
  • the solid frame has a large weight, is not universal and does not allow for micro-testing with high resolution of tomographic reconstruction.
  • the background of the invention shows solutions for the construction of loading devices with two columns and with one column, as well as with a closed and open frame that are well known to the person skilled in the art, even with interchangeable modules (e.g. for bend testing in a conventional loading machine), and yet there is practically no modular solution of a universal loading device, the more usable for the CT scanner.
  • the task of the invention is to provide a universal loading device for mechanical loading of the object investigated during scanning of its internal structure by ionizing radiation, in particular for use in a tomography scanner, which would be a modular design for conversion to several systems, from the point of view of CT and mechanical testing, allowing use for a fundamentally different type of application with diametrically different focus, in particular for high-capacity testing with low resolution of CT reconstruction and at the same time for low- capacity testing with high-resolution of CT reconstruction.
  • the set task is solved by providing a universal loading device according to the invention below.
  • a universal loading device for mechanical loading of the object studied during scanning of the internal structure of the object studied by ionizing radiation comprises at least one tomography rotary table for carrying the object studied.
  • the device further comprises a tomography rotary table carrier and at least one tomography rotary table carrier guide. Another part of the device is at least one force source for applying force to the carrier of the tomography rotary table in the direction of the guide.
  • the universal loading device is of a modular design. That is, it consists of modules that can be assembled into different configurations depending on the purpose of testing, and therefore the invention is universal.
  • the carrier guide and the force source form an integral linear longitudinal loading module.
  • the tomography rotary table and the carrier form an integral cross module.
  • the integral cross module is provided at least at one end with means for detachable connection to an integral linear longitudinal loading module.
  • the universal loading device consists of at least one integral linear longitudinal loading module and two integral cross modules.
  • the invention largely overcomes the limitations described in the background of the invention and provides a universal solution in one integrated device, allowing both the testing of large specimens at high loading forces and the testing of smaller specimens at high resolution of tomographic reconstruction.
  • integral linear longitudinal loading module is provided at least at one end with means for detachable connection of another integral linear longitudinal loading module. This makes it possible to build a modular configuration, in particular for long objects studied.
  • the integral linear longitudinal loading module is provided with at least one fixing element for detachable connection to the base. Fixation to the base is important to maintain a constant position relative to the tomography scanner throughout the measurement.
  • the integral cross module is adapted to connect at least one specialized module for performing fatigue testing, micro-testing, long specimen testing, testing in controlled environment, or bending moment testing.
  • the connection of a specialized module expands the range of applications for studying the internal structure and properties of the object studied.
  • the carrier of the tomography rotary table on the crossmember is adjustable for positioning even off the axes of the linear longitudinal modules. Such an arrangement reduces the number of conversions of the invention within one set of measurements, since the tomography rotary tables protrude in front of the linear modules, which makes it possible to achieve a high resolution of the tomography images.
  • one integral cross module is fixed, thus forming a solid base to which the invented device is calibrated, and the other integral cross module is adjustable for being carried by longitudinal linear modules in order to transmit test force to the specimen.
  • the invention overcomes the shortcomings of known solutions and makes it possible to carry out both testing of very small specimens in high resolution and high-capacity testing.
  • the use of additional specialized modules for specialized testing allows the device to be used as a universal in-situ device designed, for example, for fatigue testing of specimens, testing in controlled environment and bend testing.
  • Fig. 1 shows a tandem arrangement of integral linear longitudinal loading modules oriented vertically for intense force action on the object studied
  • Fig. 2 shows a one-sided arrangement with one integral linear longitudinal loading module to increase the resolution of tomography scan
  • Fig. 3a shows the position of the X-ray source to the object studied in a tandem configuration of the loading device
  • Fig. 3b shows the configuration of Fig. 3a in a top view
  • Fig. 3c shows the position of the X-ray source to the object studied in a one-sided configuration of the loading device, where the source is very close to the object studied
  • Fig. 3d shows the configuration of Fig. 3c in a top view
  • Fig. 4 shows a uni-axial arrangement of integral linear longitudinal loading modules for studying long objects under examination
  • Fig. 5 shows a tandem arrangement of integral linear longitudinal loading modules oriented horizontally
  • Fig. 6a shows a specific example of an embodiment of an integral linear longitudinal loading module
  • Fig. 6b shows a horizontal embodiment of an integral linear longitudinal loading module
  • Fig. 7 shows a specific example of an embodiment of integral cross modules
  • Fig. 8 shows a section of a detailed view of tomography rotary tables
  • Fig. 9 shows a specific example of a device with extended tomography rotary tables for CT with high resolution off the axes of linear longitudinal modules
  • Fig. 10 shows a specific example of a device with tomography rotary tables in a frame for CT under high load
  • Fig. 11 shows a specific example of a device with one integral linear longitudinal module for CT with high resolution
  • Fig. 12 shows a section of an example of a device with tomography rotary tables in a frame for CT under high load
  • Fig. 13 shows a specific example of a device for studying long objects according to the concept of Fig. 4.
  • the device according to the invention primarily consists of a pair of integral linear longitudinal loading modules 1 and a pair of integral cross modules 2, on which instrumented tomography rotary tables 3 are fixed (they form an integral unit).
  • the instrumented tomography rotary tables 3 in said embodiment of the invention comprise a precision rotary table, a force sensor, a precision position sensor and a slip ring for supplying the measuring cabling at any number of revolutions during tomography.
  • the loading device is controlled fully electronically, and even during loading and tomography scanning, it can be controlled remotely in real time, without exposing the operator to ionizing radiation.
  • the integral linear longitudinal loading modules 1 are arranged in tandem and are connected by means of integral cross modules 2.
  • the object studied 4 of the tested material is mounted to the instrumented tomography rotary tables 3.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to load the object studied 4 uni- axially in the direction f and at the same time to rotate about the x-axis.
  • the object 4 is irradiated by means of an X-ray source 6, and tomography projections on the X-ray detector are taken during the rotation of the object 4.
  • the resolution of tomographic reconstruction is given by the ratio of the distance of the X-ray source 6 from the object studied 4 and the X-ray detector.
  • the two integral linear loading modules 1 are arranged on a common axis and an integral cross member module 2 with an instrumented tomography rotary table 3 is arranged on each of them.
  • Specialized modules 5 for testing in a specialized mode are arranged on one or both of the instrumented tomography rotary tables 3.
  • the device is equipped with specialized modules 5 for testing the specimen by four-point bending, with the specialized modules 5 being provided with a loading mechanism with support for loading the object 4 with a bending moment m.
  • the movement of integral cross modules 2 in integral linear loading modules 1 can be used to set the test geometry.
  • a specific example of an embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 13, using a construction set which is used in other examples. The person skilled in the art (designer) will be able to draw other variants of the construction set, but the summary of the invention will not change.
  • Fig. 5 shows a variant of the universal loading device, in which the integral linear loading modules 1 are arranged in tandem and are oriented horizontally in the CT scanner.
  • the device is equipped with a specialized module 5.
  • Fig. 5 is used to demonstrate the variability and universal arrangement of the device, where individual linear loading modules 1 can be arbitrarily combined with integral cross modules 2, on which instrumented tomography rotary tables 3 are arranged, and it is also possible to combine modular construction with additional specialized modules 5 to expand the field of application of the whole loading device.
  • the universal loading device can be oriented arbitrarily in the CT scanner, which significantly expands its compatibility, variability and field of application.
  • the possibility of a universal arrangement and the versatility of the system are thus essential. Thanks to this, it is possible to combine a number of individual specialized in-situ loading devices into one universal modular and compact construction system.
  • the universal loading device can also be used in synchrotron.
  • the specific construction of the integral linear loading module 1 can be formed by a person skilled in the art as follows, as shown in Fig. 6a and Fig. 6b.
  • the linear loading module 1 serves for linear positioning of the integral cross modules 2 and is realized as a compact and robust linear actuator equipped with a servo drive and a planetary motion screw.
  • the frame of the module 1 is formed by a pair of precise aluminium alloy profiles arranged in parallel.
  • a system of precise linear guide consisting of a pair of steel rails and four carriages is mounted on aluminium profiles.
  • the interconnection of the frame profiles is made by means of transverse inserts, on which the elements of the positioning system are mounted at the same time: servomotor with harmonic gearbox and shaft coupling, axial-radial bearing unit and radial bearing unit for mounting the motion screw.
  • the motion screw is axially connected to the servo drive by means of a flexible shaft coupling and fixed by means of two bearing units.
  • the carriages of linear guide and the nut of motion screw are fixed to the travel plate equipped with means for detachable connection of the linear loading module 1 with the integral cross module 2.
  • the whole module 1 is also equipped with accessories consisting of an absolute optical encoder for measuring the position of the travel plate, an energy chain for supplying cabling to other parts of the device, safety terminal sensors and a connector board for connecting the module 1 to other peripherals. Thanks to the use of a precise servo drive and a precise harmonic gearbox with a high gear ratio, a high load-bearing planetary screw and a robust frame construction, the load bearing capacity of one module 1 in axial direction reaches more than 35 kN.
  • the integral cross module 2 is realized in two variants: an adjustable integral cross module 2 and a fixed integral cross module 2.
  • the adjustable integral cross module 2 is mounted on the travel plates of linear loading modules 1, while the fixed integral cross module 2 is mounted on the profiles of the frame of linear loading modules 1.
  • Both versions of the integral cross module 2 have the same construction concept, which consists of a cross member composed of aluminium alloy plates. A plate with a precise shaped connection for mounting the tomography table 3 is arranged on the cross member by means of screws (realized by simple mounting, see the text below).
  • this plate can be positioned in both transverse directions and, by means of a precise plug (see text below), the relative position of the two tomography rotary tables 3 can be adjusted so that they have the same axis of rotation.
  • Both cross members have two mounting positions of the tomography rotary tables 3: a position coaxial with the axis of the motion screw of the linear loading module 1 and a position extended in front of the axis of the motion screw of the linear loading module 1.
  • the coaxial position is used to use the frame for high loads.
  • the extended position is intended for scanning of the specimen 4 in high resolution (or for simultaneous scanning of the specimen 4 from several directions). The extended position allows to use only the reduced load bearing capacity of the device.
  • the entire device according to the invention is designed to be modular, portable and demountable.
  • the device is therefore demountable into the following main units: two linear loading modules 1, one adjustable integral cross module 2, one fixed integral cross module 2 and two tomography rotary tables 3. These units are equipped with elements for universal assembly, always formed by a precise shaped connection.
  • connection of the integral cross module 2 to the tomography rotary table 3 is made by means of a precise friction fit and secured by screws.
  • the relative position of the tomography rotary tables 3 in the device can be precisely adjusted by means of a jig, a precise pin, which is inserted into the axial holes of the two tomography rotary tables 3.
  • the detachable connection of the linear loading module 1 and the integral cross module 2 is formed by fixed sliders arranged on the frame of the linear loading module 1 and on its lock plates. During assembly, the entire integral cross modules 2 are inserted into sliders in the transverse direction. The position of integral loading modules 1 relative to sliders is secured by means of precise pins, which interconnect the parts during assembly. By sliding the integral cross members into sliders, and securing them by means of pins, it precisely and fully defines the relative position of individual units with easy and fast handling at the same time. After securing the relative position of all units, the whole device is then assembled using screws used for rigid connection and load transfer.
  • Fig. 8 shows a specific embodiment of the tomography rotary tables 3 in the device.
  • the two tomography rotary tables 3 arranged in the device are identical and are formed by a precise direct drive servomotor, a harmonic gear and a cross radial-axial bearing.
  • a high- capacity cross-roller bearing arranged in front of the harmonic gear approximately twice the axial load bearing capacity is achieved compared to the linear loading module 1.
  • the tomography rotary table 3 does not represent a limiting element in terms of load bearing capacity for the use of the device in the configuration with a pair of linear loading modules 1, which significantly increases the load bearing capacity of the device.
  • the tomography rotary table 3 is equipped with a through hole in which cabling to the rotating part of the tomography rotary table 3 is located. Cabling is guided in these places by means of a slip ring, which allows an unlimited number of revolutions of the tomography rotary table 3 without damaging the cabling.
  • a connector for connecting measuring elements, e.g. force sensors, loading jaws or specialized modules 5, is arranged on the rotating part of the tomography rotary table 3.
  • the cylindrical frame of the tomography rotary table 3 is equipped with a flange with a precise interference fit for mounting in both variants of the integral cross module 2.
  • Fig. 9 shows that the carriers of the tomography rotary tables 3 of the cross modules 2 are extended off the axes of the linear longitudinal modules 1.
  • the micro-testing module 5 consists of a high-precision positioning device which can be used to perform load tests with a displacement accuracy of the order of hundreds of nano-meters.
  • the high-precision positioning device is realized by means of a direct-controlled actuator with an oscillating coil, an optical encoder and a high-precision linear guide with a ball chain.
  • a miniature load cell with a loading platen is arranged on the upper part of the positioning device. Another loading platen is mounted on the second tomography rotary table 3.
  • the linear loading modules 1 are used to move the entire specialized module 5 and the loading platens to the desired relative position. Micro-testing is then performed using a specialized module 5. Tomography can be performed thanks to the rotation of the whole specialized module 5 and loading platens using tomography rotary tables 3.
  • the field of application of module 5 includes micro-testing, for example, of tissue carriers, monitoring of salt crystal growth, in-situ micro-indentation and fatigue testing or dynamic and vibration loading of materials.
  • a specialized module 5 is a specialized module for bend testing, which consists of a pair of identical rotary actuators, with the rotary actuators being mounted on the rotating part of the tomography rotary tables 3 perpendicular to their axis of rotation.
  • Rotary actuators consist of a servomotor and a harmonic gear, on the rotating part of which a moment transducer and a pair of support forks are arranged.
  • Specimen 4 is inserted between the support forks. By turning the forks by means of rotary actuators, the specimen 4 is loaded with bending moment.
  • Tomography can be performed thanks to the rotation of the whole specialized module 5 using tomography rotary tables 3.
  • the universal loading device for mechanical loading of the object studied according to the invention finds its application in research in the study of natural materials, as well as in the development of new man-made materials. It can also be used for detection and nondestructive testing, e.g. in production facilities.

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Abstract

The universal loading device for mechanical loading of the object studied (4) during scanning of the internal structure of the object studied (4) by ionizing radiation, in particular for use in tomography scanner, is of a modular design consisting of at least one integral linear longitudinal loading module (1) including a guide of the carrier of the tomography rotary table (3) and a force source for applying a force to the carrier of the tomography rotary table (3) in the direction of guide. And further formed by two integral cross modules (2) comprising tomography rotary tables (3) for carrying the object studied (4) and carriers of tomography rotary tables (3). The modular design consists of integral cross modules (2) provided at least at one end with means for detachable connection to the integral linear longitudinal loading module (1).

Description

Universal loading device for use in CT scanner
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a universal loading device for the mechanical loading of an object under examination during the scanning of its internal structure by ionizing radiation, in particular for use in a computed tomography scanner.
Background of the Invention
Currently, the very popular technique used in scientific studies, industry and medicine is the method of computed tomography (represented in professional circles by the abbreviation “CT”). The CT method makes it possible to analyse the internal structure of the object studied on the basis of its imaging using X-ray radiation. So-called projections are taken during tomography, representing images of the object studied from different angles.
In industrial and laboratory tomography, the object to be studied is typically placed on a rotary table and rotated during tomography scanning, with an X-ray projection of the object studied being taken at defined angles of rotation. The set of projections obtained in this way is then processed by means of a computational algorithm and reconstructed into the form of a spatial model (3D) of the internal structure of the object studied.
In recent years, a combination of the method of computed tomography with other methods for analysing the investigated object, e.g. with mechanical loading, is used. These so-called in- situ methods make it possible to examine the development of internal structure of the object through combination of computed tomography scanning and mechanical loading, typically e.g. the development of deformation and damage of the object studied during mechanical loading in CT scanner. This data is then used for advanced analysis of material behaviour, numerical simulations, diagnostics of damage development, etc. Currently, a range of in-situ loading devices for CT scanners is available, either on a scientific or commercial basis. For illustration, the following patents are stated: US 20140161223 (Al), DE 102010033923 (Al), CN 202101953 (U), CN 104215526 (A), CN 102323279 (B).
In all cases of the above inventions, however, these are single-purpose devices that do not allow for universal testing and variability of use resulting from the wide range of applications of computed tomography. Typically, these devices are designed for testing specific materials with specific dimensions of the object studied, which are additionally limited by dimensions of the tomography scanner, the required resolution of tomographic reconstruction, its load bearing capacity, or testing mode.
One of the most important limits is usually the load bearing capacity of a single -purpose device while limiting its external dimensions and weight. In order to increase the load bearing capacity, it is necessary to design a loading device with higher stiffness components rated for higher load bearing capacity (i.e. larger and heavier). However, this approach is limited by dimensions of the tomography scanner and load bearing capacity of its tomography table.
Another known approach to solving the problem with the size and load bearing capacity of standard tomography scanners is to integrate a tomography table into a loading device. A known disadvantage of such a design of the loading device is that it is usually a large frame which is intended for hall tomography scanners. The solid frame has a large weight, is not universal and does not allow for micro-testing with high resolution of tomographic reconstruction.
Another known solution for the design of the loading device for tomography scanner is the invention in document EP 3623802 (Al), which describes the loading device provided with one tomography table placed in the frame for mechanical loading. The disadvantages of the device are that the loading device cannot function well on a universal basis because it lacks a second tomography table. The absence of the second tomography table causes additional loading of the investigated object by torsion. The amount of torsion is proportional to the friction in the lower bearing (i.e. proportional to the load force). This is similarly also the case with regard to the invention in document CN 207850806 U, whose arrangement of the loading machine in a frame with a cross member and two columns is a well-established construction in practice.
The background of the invention (US 5798463 (A), CN 210090161 (U), CN 206146725 (U), CN 207540922 (U)) shows solutions for the construction of loading devices with two columns and with one column, as well as with a closed and open frame that are well known to the person skilled in the art, even with interchangeable modules (e.g. for bend testing in a conventional loading machine), and yet there is practically no modular solution of a universal loading device, the more usable for the CT scanner.
The above-mentioned documents of the state-of-the-art technology level thus essentially represent detachable solutions for portability, or partial modularity, for more flexible and faster testing, but do not address the design of a universal loading device suitable for use in CT scanner.
The task of the invention is to provide a universal loading device for mechanical loading of the object investigated during scanning of its internal structure by ionizing radiation, in particular for use in a tomography scanner, which would be a modular design for conversion to several systems, from the point of view of CT and mechanical testing, allowing use for a fundamentally different type of application with diametrically different focus, in particular for high-capacity testing with low resolution of CT reconstruction and at the same time for low- capacity testing with high-resolution of CT reconstruction.
Summary of the Invention
The set task is solved by providing a universal loading device according to the invention below.
A universal loading device for mechanical loading of the object studied during scanning of the internal structure of the object studied by ionizing radiation, in particular for use in tomography scanner, comprises at least one tomography rotary table for carrying the object studied. The device further comprises a tomography rotary table carrier and at least one tomography rotary table carrier guide. Another part of the device is at least one force source for applying force to the carrier of the tomography rotary table in the direction of the guide.
The summary of the invention is based on the fact that the universal loading device is of a modular design. That is, it consists of modules that can be assembled into different configurations depending on the purpose of testing, and therefore the invention is universal. The carrier guide and the force source form an integral linear longitudinal loading module. The tomography rotary table and the carrier form an integral cross module. The integral cross module is provided at least at one end with means for detachable connection to an integral linear longitudinal loading module. The universal loading device consists of at least one integral linear longitudinal loading module and two integral cross modules.
The invention largely overcomes the limitations described in the background of the invention and provides a universal solution in one integrated device, allowing both the testing of large specimens at high loading forces and the testing of smaller specimens at high resolution of tomographic reconstruction.
It is preferred if the integral linear longitudinal loading module is provided at least at one end with means for detachable connection of another integral linear longitudinal loading module. This makes it possible to build a modular configuration, in particular for long objects studied.
Preferably, the integral linear longitudinal loading module is provided with at least one fixing element for detachable connection to the base. Fixation to the base is important to maintain a constant position relative to the tomography scanner throughout the measurement.
It is also preferred if the integral cross module is adapted to connect at least one specialized module for performing fatigue testing, micro-testing, long specimen testing, testing in controlled environment, or bending moment testing. The connection of a specialized module expands the range of applications for studying the internal structure and properties of the object studied.
Last but not least, it is preferred if the carrier of the tomography rotary table on the crossmember is adjustable for positioning even off the axes of the linear longitudinal modules. Such an arrangement reduces the number of conversions of the invention within one set of measurements, since the tomography rotary tables protrude in front of the linear modules, which makes it possible to achieve a high resolution of the tomography images.
From the point of view of the applications realized by means of the invention, it is preferred if one integral cross module is fixed, thus forming a solid base to which the invented device is calibrated, and the other integral cross module is adjustable for being carried by longitudinal linear modules in order to transmit test force to the specimen.
The invention overcomes the shortcomings of known solutions and makes it possible to carry out both testing of very small specimens in high resolution and high-capacity testing. In addition, the use of additional specialized modules for specialized testing allows the device to be used as a universal in-situ device designed, for example, for fatigue testing of specimens, testing in controlled environment and bend testing.
Explanation of drawings
The present invention will be explained in detail by means of the following figures where:
Fig. 1 shows a tandem arrangement of integral linear longitudinal loading modules oriented vertically for intense force action on the object studied,
Fig. 2 shows a one-sided arrangement with one integral linear longitudinal loading module to increase the resolution of tomography scan,
Fig. 3a shows the position of the X-ray source to the object studied in a tandem configuration of the loading device,
Fig. 3b shows the configuration of Fig. 3a in a top view, Fig. 3c shows the position of the X-ray source to the object studied in a one-sided configuration of the loading device, where the source is very close to the object studied,
Fig. 3d shows the configuration of Fig. 3c in a top view,
Fig. 4 shows a uni-axial arrangement of integral linear longitudinal loading modules for studying long objects under examination,
Fig. 5 shows a tandem arrangement of integral linear longitudinal loading modules oriented horizontally,
Fig. 6a shows a specific example of an embodiment of an integral linear longitudinal loading module,
Fig. 6b shows a horizontal embodiment of an integral linear longitudinal loading module,
Fig. 7 shows a specific example of an embodiment of integral cross modules,
Fig. 8 shows a section of a detailed view of tomography rotary tables,
Fig. 9 shows a specific example of a device with extended tomography rotary tables for CT with high resolution off the axes of linear longitudinal modules,
Fig. 10 shows a specific example of a device with tomography rotary tables in a frame for CT under high load,
Fig. 11 shows a specific example of a device with one integral linear longitudinal module for CT with high resolution,
Fig. 12 shows a section of an example of a device with tomography rotary tables in a frame for CT under high load,
Fig. 13 shows a specific example of a device for studying long objects according to the concept of Fig. 4.
Example of the invention embodiments
It shall be understood that the specific cases of the invention embodiments described and depicted below are provided for illustration only and do not limit the invention to the examples provided here. Those skilled in the art will find or, based on routine experiment, will be able to provide a greater or lesser number of equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention which are described here. The device according to the invention primarily consists of a pair of integral linear longitudinal loading modules 1 and a pair of integral cross modules 2, on which instrumented tomography rotary tables 3 are fixed (they form an integral unit). The instrumented tomography rotary tables 3 in said embodiment of the invention comprise a precision rotary table, a force sensor, a precision position sensor and a slip ring for supplying the measuring cabling at any number of revolutions during tomography. The loading device is controlled fully electronically, and even during loading and tomography scanning, it can be controlled remotely in real time, without exposing the operator to ionizing radiation.
In the first standard configuration, see Fig. 1, the integral linear longitudinal loading modules 1 are arranged in tandem and are connected by means of integral cross modules 2. The object studied 4 of the tested material is mounted to the instrumented tomography rotary tables 3. The device according to the invention makes it possible to load the object studied 4 uni- axially in the direction f and at the same time to rotate about the x-axis. The object 4 is irradiated by means of an X-ray source 6, and tomography projections on the X-ray detector are taken during the rotation of the object 4.
In the second configuration, see Fig. 2, only one integral linear longitudinal loading module 1 is used, on which integral cross modules 2 with instrumented tomography rotary tables 3 are coaxially arranged. As in the previous case, the test object 4 is fixed to the instrumented tomography rotary tables 3. This arrangement allows high resolution testing of tomographic reconstruction to be performed at reduced loading capacity.
The resolution of tomographic reconstruction is given by the ratio of the distance of the X-ray source 6 from the object studied 4 and the X-ray detector. The smaller the distance between the X-ray source 6 and the axis of rotation of the scanned object 4, the higher the resolution. Due to the dimensional arrangement of some X-ray tubes, which does not allow to approach due to the tandem arrangement of the frame, see Fig. 1, as close as possible to the object 4, it is possible to use an arrangement with one integral loading module 1 and orient the object 4 more favourably in relation to the X-ray tube. This situation is shown in Fig. 3a to 3d. In another variant, see Fig. 4, the two integral linear loading modules 1 are arranged on a common axis and an integral cross member module 2 with an instrumented tomography rotary table 3 is arranged on each of them. Specialized modules 5 for testing in a specialized mode are arranged on one or both of the instrumented tomography rotary tables 3. In the example shown in Fig. 4, the device is equipped with specialized modules 5 for testing the specimen by four-point bending, with the specialized modules 5 being provided with a loading mechanism with support for loading the object 4 with a bending moment m. The movement of integral cross modules 2 in integral linear loading modules 1 can be used to set the test geometry. A specific example of an embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 13, using a construction set which is used in other examples. The person skilled in the art (designer) will be able to draw other variants of the construction set, but the summary of the invention will not change.
Fig. 5 shows a variant of the universal loading device, in which the integral linear loading modules 1 are arranged in tandem and are oriented horizontally in the CT scanner. In addition, the device is equipped with a specialized module 5. Fig. 5 is used to demonstrate the variability and universal arrangement of the device, where individual linear loading modules 1 can be arbitrarily combined with integral cross modules 2, on which instrumented tomography rotary tables 3 are arranged, and it is also possible to combine modular construction with additional specialized modules 5 to expand the field of application of the whole loading device.
In addition, the universal loading device can be oriented arbitrarily in the CT scanner, which significantly expands its compatibility, variability and field of application. The possibility of a universal arrangement and the versatility of the system are thus essential. Thanks to this, it is possible to combine a number of individual specialized in-situ loading devices into one universal modular and compact construction system.
In addition to the CT scanner, the universal loading device can also be used in synchrotron. As for the exemplary embodiment, the specific construction of the integral linear loading module 1 can be formed by a person skilled in the art as follows, as shown in Fig. 6a and Fig. 6b.
The linear loading module 1 serves for linear positioning of the integral cross modules 2 and is realized as a compact and robust linear actuator equipped with a servo drive and a planetary motion screw. The frame of the module 1 is formed by a pair of precise aluminium alloy profiles arranged in parallel. A system of precise linear guide consisting of a pair of steel rails and four carriages is mounted on aluminium profiles. The interconnection of the frame profiles is made by means of transverse inserts, on which the elements of the positioning system are mounted at the same time: servomotor with harmonic gearbox and shaft coupling, axial-radial bearing unit and radial bearing unit for mounting the motion screw. The motion screw is axially connected to the servo drive by means of a flexible shaft coupling and fixed by means of two bearing units. The carriages of linear guide and the nut of motion screw are fixed to the travel plate equipped with means for detachable connection of the linear loading module 1 with the integral cross module 2. The whole module 1 is also equipped with accessories consisting of an absolute optical encoder for measuring the position of the travel plate, an energy chain for supplying cabling to other parts of the device, safety terminal sensors and a connector board for connecting the module 1 to other peripherals. Thanks to the use of a precise servo drive and a precise harmonic gearbox with a high gear ratio, a high load-bearing planetary screw and a robust frame construction, the load bearing capacity of one module 1 in axial direction reaches more than 35 kN.
Examples of specific solutions of cross integral modules 2 are shown in Fig. 7.
The integral cross module 2 is realized in two variants: an adjustable integral cross module 2 and a fixed integral cross module 2. The adjustable integral cross module 2 is mounted on the travel plates of linear loading modules 1, while the fixed integral cross module 2 is mounted on the profiles of the frame of linear loading modules 1. Both versions of the integral cross module 2 have the same construction concept, which consists of a cross member composed of aluminium alloy plates. A plate with a precise shaped connection for mounting the tomography table 3 is arranged on the cross member by means of screws (realized by simple mounting, see the text below). During initial assembly of the device, this plate can be positioned in both transverse directions and, by means of a precise plug (see text below), the relative position of the two tomography rotary tables 3 can be adjusted so that they have the same axis of rotation. Both cross members have two mounting positions of the tomography rotary tables 3: a position coaxial with the axis of the motion screw of the linear loading module 1 and a position extended in front of the axis of the motion screw of the linear loading module 1. The coaxial position is used to use the frame for high loads. The extended position is intended for scanning of the specimen 4 in high resolution (or for simultaneous scanning of the specimen 4 from several directions). The extended position allows to use only the reduced load bearing capacity of the device.
As mentioned above in the text above, the entire device according to the invention is designed to be modular, portable and demountable. The device is therefore demountable into the following main units: two linear loading modules 1, one adjustable integral cross module 2, one fixed integral cross module 2 and two tomography rotary tables 3. These units are equipped with elements for universal assembly, always formed by a precise shaped connection.
The connection of the integral cross module 2 to the tomography rotary table 3 is made by means of a precise friction fit and secured by screws. The relative position of the tomography rotary tables 3 in the device can be precisely adjusted by means of a jig, a precise pin, which is inserted into the axial holes of the two tomography rotary tables 3.
The detachable connection of the linear loading module 1 and the integral cross module 2 is formed by fixed sliders arranged on the frame of the linear loading module 1 and on its lock plates. During assembly, the entire integral cross modules 2 are inserted into sliders in the transverse direction. The position of integral loading modules 1 relative to sliders is secured by means of precise pins, which interconnect the parts during assembly. By sliding the integral cross members into sliders, and securing them by means of pins, it precisely and fully defines the relative position of individual units with easy and fast handling at the same time. After securing the relative position of all units, the whole device is then assembled using screws used for rigid connection and load transfer.
Fig. 8 shows a specific embodiment of the tomography rotary tables 3 in the device. The two tomography rotary tables 3 arranged in the device are identical and are formed by a precise direct drive servomotor, a harmonic gear and a cross radial-axial bearing. By using a high- capacity cross-roller bearing arranged in front of the harmonic gear, approximately twice the axial load bearing capacity is achieved compared to the linear loading module 1. As a result, the tomography rotary table 3 does not represent a limiting element in terms of load bearing capacity for the use of the device in the configuration with a pair of linear loading modules 1, which significantly increases the load bearing capacity of the device. The tomography rotary table 3 is equipped with a through hole in which cabling to the rotating part of the tomography rotary table 3 is located. Cabling is guided in these places by means of a slip ring, which allows an unlimited number of revolutions of the tomography rotary table 3 without damaging the cabling. A connector for connecting measuring elements, e.g. force sensors, loading jaws or specialized modules 5, is arranged on the rotating part of the tomography rotary table 3. The cylindrical frame of the tomography rotary table 3 is equipped with a flange with a precise interference fit for mounting in both variants of the integral cross module 2.
Fig. 9 shows that the carriers of the tomography rotary tables 3 of the cross modules 2 are extended off the axes of the linear longitudinal modules 1.
One example of an embodiment of a specialized module 5 for micro-testing is one of the modules 5, which can be mounted on the rotating part of the tomography rotary table 3 and thus expand the testing options of the loading device. The micro-testing module 5 consists of a high-precision positioning device which can be used to perform load tests with a displacement accuracy of the order of hundreds of nano-meters. The high-precision positioning device is realized by means of a direct-controlled actuator with an oscillating coil, an optical encoder and a high-precision linear guide with a ball chain. A miniature load cell with a loading platen is arranged on the upper part of the positioning device. Another loading platen is mounted on the second tomography rotary table 3. The linear loading modules 1 are used to move the entire specialized module 5 and the loading platens to the desired relative position. Micro-testing is then performed using a specialized module 5. Tomography can be performed thanks to the rotation of the whole specialized module 5 and loading platens using tomography rotary tables 3. The field of application of module 5 includes micro-testing, for example, of tissue carriers, monitoring of salt crystal growth, in-situ micro-indentation and fatigue testing or dynamic and vibration loading of materials.
Another example of a specialized module 5 is a specialized module for bend testing, which consists of a pair of identical rotary actuators, with the rotary actuators being mounted on the rotating part of the tomography rotary tables 3 perpendicular to their axis of rotation. Rotary actuators consist of a servomotor and a harmonic gear, on the rotating part of which a moment transducer and a pair of support forks are arranged. Specimen 4 is inserted between the support forks. By turning the forks by means of rotary actuators, the specimen 4 is loaded with bending moment. Tomography can be performed thanks to the rotation of the whole specialized module 5 using tomography rotary tables 3.
Industrial applicability
The universal loading device for mechanical loading of the object studied according to the invention finds its application in research in the study of natural materials, as well as in the development of new man-made materials. It can also be used for detection and nondestructive testing, e.g. in production facilities.
List of reference numerals
1 integral linear longitudinal loading module
2 integral cross module
3 tomography rotary table
4 object studied
5 specialized module
6 X-ray source

Claims

CLAIMS Universal loading device for mechanical loading of the object studied (4) during scanning of the internal structure of the object studied (4) by ionizing radiation, in particular for use in tomography scanner, comprising at least one tomography rotary table (3) for carrying the object studied (4), carrier for the tomography rotary table (3), at least one guide for the carrier of the tomography table (3), and at least one force source for applying a force to the carrier of the tomography rotary table (3) in the direction of the “x” axis characterized in that the universal loading device is of a modular design in which the carrier guide and the force source form an integral linear longitudinal loading module (1), and further in which the tomography rotary table (3) and the carrier form an integral cross module (2), with the integral cross module (2) being provided at least at one end with means for detachable connection to an integral linear longitudinal loading module (1), and at the same time the universal loading device consists of at least one integral linear longitudinal loading module (1) and two integral cross modules (2). Universal loading device according to claim 1 characterized in that the integral linear longitudinal loading module (1) is provided at least at one end with means for detachable connection of another integral linear longitudinal loading module (1). Universal loading device according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the integral linear longitudinal loading module (1) is provided with at least one fixing element for detachable connection to the base. Universal loading device according to any of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the integral cross module (2) is adapted to connect at least one specialized module (5) for performing testing from the group of fatigue testing, micro-testing, long specimen testing, testing in controlled environment, bend testing, bending moment testing. Universal loading device according to any of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that one integral cross module (2) is fixed and the other integral cross module (2) is adjustable. Universal loading device according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the carrier of the tomography rotary table (3) is adjustable in the integral cross module (2) to carry the tomography rotary table (3) off the axes of linear longitudinal loading modules (1).
PCT/CZ2021/050097 2020-12-10 2021-09-13 Universal loading device for use in ct scanner WO2022122056A1 (en)

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