WO2022121277A1 - U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor - Google Patents
U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022121277A1 WO2022121277A1 PCT/CN2021/101100 CN2021101100W WO2022121277A1 WO 2022121277 A1 WO2022121277 A1 WO 2022121277A1 CN 2021101100 W CN2021101100 W CN 2021101100W WO 2022121277 A1 WO2022121277 A1 WO 2022121277A1
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/06—Magnetic cores, or permanent magnets characterised by their skew
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Definitions
- the invention relates to motor technology, in particular to the technology of a U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor.
- Electric vehicles are an important way to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution.
- the drive motor for electric vehicles restricts the development and industrialization of electric vehicles in China.
- the permanent magnet synchronous motor suitable for electric vehicles there are defects such as large torque fluctuation, narrow high-speed constant power range and poor reliability, which are difficult to meet the requirements.
- the permanent magnet poles of the rotor of the existing built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor are all symmetrical structures.
- the magnetic steels are symmetrically arranged relative to the d-axis (magnetic pole axis), and the two ends of the magnetic steel are provided with magnetic isolation slots.
- the magnetic isolation slot is actually a non-magnetic magnetic flux barrier, which plays the role of magnetic isolation and suppression of leakage flux.
- the area between the magnetic isolation slot at the outer end of the magnetic steel and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core forms a magnetic conduction bridge, and the magnetic steel and the rotor The yokes form symmetrical permanent magnet poles.
- the characteristic of the rotor with symmetrical permanent magnetic pole structure is that the d-axis permanent magnetic flux density is high, so that the radial force generated by the d-axis part and the stator tooth surface is large, while the q-axis (interpole axis) permanent magnetic flux density is low, The radial force generated by the q-axis part and the stator tooth surface is small. Due to the difference and change of the radial force generated by the d-axis and q-axis parts and the stator tooth surface, the motor will generate large mechanical vibration, noise and rotation during operation. moment fluctuations.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a U-shaped asymmetric splitter that can reduce torque fluctuation caused by cogging, thereby reducing mechanical vibration, noise and expanding the range of high-speed constant power.
- segment permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor segment permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor.
- a U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor provided by the present invention includes a rotor iron core, and a plurality of permanent magnet units are arranged on the rotor iron core, and each permanent magnet unit surrounds the rotor.
- the iron core is arranged symmetrically on the axis; it is characterized by:
- the permanent magnet unit includes a single magnetic steel, a first magnetic steel combination, and a second magnetic steel combination, and the first magnetic steel combination and the second magnetic steel combination are each composed of two magnetic steel segments with different widths;
- the single magnetic steel is arranged on the counterclockwise side of the d-axis, and the second magnetic steel combination is arranged on the clockwise side of the d-axis.
- the first magnetic steel combination is arranged in the narrow mouth of the figure eight;
- the two magnetic steel segments are arranged in a line shape perpendicular to the d-axis, and the width of the counterclockwise side magnetic steel segment is greater than the width of the clockwise side magnetic steel segment, and the two Each magnetic steel segment is placed in two mutually isolated permanent magnet slots;
- the width of the magnetic steel segment near the d-axis side is greater than the width of the magnetic steel segment near the q-axis side, and the two magnetic steel segments are placed in two mutually isolated permanent magnet slots.
- the inner and outer ends of the magnetic steel unit are provided with magnetic isolation grooves, and the outer end of the magnetic steel segment near the q-axis side and the inner end of the magnetic steel segment near the d-axis side in the second magnetic steel combination are provided with Magnetic isolation slot.
- the U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor provided by the present invention adopts a built-in unequal width magnetic steel segment structure, and forms an asymmetric permanent magnet magnetic pole with the pole piece, and obtains the stator core inclined slot and the rotor permanent magnet.
- the magnetic pole slanted pole, the uneven air gap between the stator and the rotor and other measures with complex structure and the same effect can reduce the torque fluctuation caused by the cogging, so that the d axis of the radial center line of the magnetic pole and the q axis of the center line between the poles have the same effect.
- the radial force tends to be balanced, reducing the centrifugal force of the rotor, reducing the mechanical vibration, noise and back EMF harmonics, reducing the loss of the iron core, and overcoming the disadvantages of the inclined slot and the inclined pole; and the two magnetic steels in the same magnetic steel combination
- the segments are placed in two mutually isolated permanent magnet slots, thereby forming a magnetic conductive bridge between the two magnetic steel segments.
- the existence of the magnetic conductive bridge between the magnetic steel segments provides additional magnetic flux paths on the one hand. , which improves the constant power expansion capacity of the motor in the high-speed area.
- it is equivalent to the reinforcing rib of the rotor, which resists the high-speed centrifugal force and improves the overload capacity, which is conducive to the frequent start of the motor.
- FIG. 1 is a radial cross-sectional view of a rotor of a U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a rotor iron core 1, and a plurality of permanent magnet units are arranged on the rotor iron core, and each permanent magnet The units are arranged symmetrically around the axis of the rotor core; it is characterized by:
- the permanent magnet unit includes a magnetic steel unit 4, a first magnetic steel combination, and a second magnetic steel combination.
- the first magnetic steel combination is composed of two magnetic steel segments 21 and 22 with different widths (the The length direction is parallel to the axial direction of the rotor core), and the second magnetic steel combination is composed of two magnetic steel segments 31 and 32 with different widths;
- the magnetic steel unit 4 is arranged on the counterclockwise side of the d-axis, and the second magnetic steel combination is arranged on the clockwise side of the d-axis.
- Figure-eight shape (the side facing the rotor core axis is the inner side), and the first magnetic steel combination is arranged in the narrow mouth of the figure-eight shape;
- the two magnetic steel segments 21 and 22 are arranged in a line shape perpendicular to the d-axis (magnetic pole axis), and the width of the counterclockwise side magnetic steel segment 21 is larger than that of the clockwise side magnetic steel.
- the width of the segment 22, and the two magnetic steel segments 21, 22 are placed in two mutually isolated permanent magnet slots;
- the width of the magnetic steel segment 31 on the proximal d-axis side is greater than the width of the magnetic steel segment 32 on the near q-axis side, and the two magnetic steel segments 31 and 32 are placed on two sides of each other.
- the partitioned permanent magnet slot In the partitioned permanent magnet slot;
- the inner and outer ends of the magnetic steel unit 4 are provided with magnetic isolation grooves 5, and the outer end of the magnetic steel segment 32 on the near-q-axis side and the inner side of the magnetic steel segment 31 on the near-d-axis side in the second magnetic steel combination. Both ends are provided with magnetic isolation slots 5 .
- Cogging torque also known as reluctance torque
- the built-in permanent magnet motor has a small effective air gap, and the cogging torque has a greater impact on the output.
- oblique slot or oblique pole is the most commonly used method to reduce torque fluctuation, but stator oblique slot complicates production process and structure, reduces stator slot area, reduces output, and increases copper consumption. Both the inclined slot and the inclined pole reduce the output, and complicate the process and structure of the motor, and increase the manufacturing cost of the motor.
- the high-precision speed control system has strict requirements on the cogging torque fluctuation, because in the speed control system, when the frequency of the motor torque is consistent with the mechanical resonance frequency of the stator or rotor, the vibration and noise generated by the cogging torque are significantly reduced. Amplification also affects low speed performance and positioning accuracy.
- the magnetic steel unit 4 the first magnetic steel combination, and the second magnetic steel combination are arranged in a U-shape as a whole, and the magnetic steel and the pole piece (rotor iron core) are asymmetrically arranged relative to the d-axis.
- the permanent magnetic poles have the same effect as the stator core inclined slots, the rotor permanent magnetic pole inclined poles, the uneven air gap between the stator and the rotor and other measures with complex processes and structures, which can reduce the torque fluctuation caused by the cogging.
- the effect reduces the change of the air-gap permeance, thereby reducing the change of the energy storage of the air-gap magnetic field when the rotor rotates, so that the radial force between the d-axis and the q-axis (interpole axis) tends to balance, and the cogging is weakened.
- Torque cogging torque, also known as reluctance torque, is a fatal defect in the electric vehicle drive system); and also suppresses torque fluctuations caused by cogging, significantly reducing the noise, mechanical vibration and stator noise when the rotor runs at high speed
- the deformation of the iron core, especially the harmonic components of the back EMF can effectively reduce the total harmonic distortion THD of the back EMF, which is beneficial to the frequent starting of the motor, and improves the efficiency, overload capacity and power density; it overcomes the disadvantages of the inclined slot and the inclined pole.
- the permanent magnet slots embedded in the unequal width magnets in the embodiment of the present invention do not penetrate each other and have intervals to form a magnetic conductive bridge,
- the motor in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a built-in unequal-width magnetic steel segment structure, and forms an asymmetric permanent magnetic pole with the pole piece (the local area of the rotor core), which can reduce the torque fluctuation caused by the cogging and make the magnetic pole
- the radial force of the d-axis of the radial centerline and the q-axis of the interpole centerline tends to balance, reducing the centrifugal force of the rotor, reducing mechanical vibration, noise and back EMF harmonics, and reducing core loss.
- the torque fluctuation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor comes from the cogging torque generated by the interaction between the magnetic steel and the stator teeth, the induced electromotive force waveform, and the ripple torque generated by the harmonics contained in the current waveform.
- the magnetic synchronous motor has a wider constant power speed range, realizes the characteristics of high efficiency, high reliability, wide speed regulation, low noise, low fluctuation and smooth operation of the motor, effectively improves the comprehensive performance of the motor, and meets the driving requirements of electric and hybrid vehicles.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
A U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor, relating to the technical field of motors. A rotor iron core of the rotor is provided with a plurality of permanent magnet units; the permanent magnet units are symmetrically arranged around the axis of the rotor iron core; each permanent magnet unit comprises a magnetic steel unit, a first magnetic steel combination and a second magnetic steel combination; each of the first magnetic steel combination and the second magnetic steel combination is composed of two magnetic steel segments having different widths; the magnetic steel unit and the second magnetic steel combination are arranged in the shape of a Chinese character "八" having an inward narrow opening; the first magnetic steel combination is provided at the narrow opening part of the shape; the two magnetic steel segments in the first magnetic steel combination are arranged into a straight line perpendicular to a d axis, and are respectively arranged in two permanent magnet slots which are separated from each other; the two magnetic steel segments in the second magnetic steel combination are also respectively arranged in two permanent magnet slots which are separated from each other; magnetic isolation slots are formed on the inner ends and the outer ends of the magnetic steel units and the second magnetic steel combinations. The rotor provided by the present invention can reduce cogging torque ripple.
Description
本发明涉及电机技术，特别是涉及一种U型不对称分段永磁同步电机转子的技术。The invention relates to motor technology, in particular to the technology of a U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor.
电动汽车是解决能源危机和环境污染的重要途径。但电动汽车用驱动电机制约着中国电动汽车的研发及其产业化进程。尤其在适用于电动汽车用永磁同步电机方面，存在着转矩波动大、高速恒功率范围窄和可靠性差等缺陷，难以满足要求。Electric vehicles are an important way to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, the drive motor for electric vehicles restricts the development and industrialization of electric vehicles in China. Especially in the permanent magnet synchronous motor suitable for electric vehicles, there are defects such as large torque fluctuation, narrow high-speed constant power range and poor reliability, which are difficult to meet the requirements.
现有内置式永磁同步电机转子的永磁磁极都为对称结构，对称永磁磁极结构的转子中，磁钢都相对d轴(磁极轴线)对称布设，磁钢两端设有隔磁槽，隔磁槽实际上是非磁性磁通屏障，起到隔磁、抑制漏磁通的作用，磁钢外端的隔磁槽与转子铁芯的外周面之间的区域形成导磁桥，磁钢与转子磁轭构成对称永磁磁极。对称永磁磁极结构的转子的特点是，d轴永磁磁通密度高，使得d轴部位与定子齿面产生的径向力大，而q轴(极间轴线)永磁磁通密度低，使得q轴部位与定子齿面产生的径向力小，由于d轴、q轴部位与定子齿面产生的径向力差异、变化，使得电机运行时会产生较大的机械振动、噪音和转矩波动。The permanent magnet poles of the rotor of the existing built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor are all symmetrical structures. In the rotor of the symmetrical permanent magnet magnetic pole structure, the magnetic steels are symmetrically arranged relative to the d-axis (magnetic pole axis), and the two ends of the magnetic steel are provided with magnetic isolation slots. The magnetic isolation slot is actually a non-magnetic magnetic flux barrier, which plays the role of magnetic isolation and suppression of leakage flux. The area between the magnetic isolation slot at the outer end of the magnetic steel and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core forms a magnetic conduction bridge, and the magnetic steel and the rotor The yokes form symmetrical permanent magnet poles. The characteristic of the rotor with symmetrical permanent magnetic pole structure is that the d-axis permanent magnetic flux density is high, so that the radial force generated by the d-axis part and the stator tooth surface is large, while the q-axis (interpole axis) permanent magnetic flux density is low, The radial force generated by the q-axis part and the stator tooth surface is small. Due to the difference and change of the radial force generated by the d-axis and q-axis parts and the stator tooth surface, the motor will generate large mechanical vibration, noise and rotation during operation. moment fluctuations.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对上述现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种能降低齿槽引起的转矩波动，从而能降低机械振动、噪音和扩大高速恒功率范围的U型不对称分段永磁同步电机转子。In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a U-shaped asymmetric splitter that can reduce torque fluctuation caused by cogging, thereby reducing mechanical vibration, noise and expanding the range of high-speed constant power. segment permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所提供的一种U型不对称分段永磁同步电机转子，包括转子铁芯，所述转子铁芯上设有多个永磁单元，各个永磁单元围绕转子铁芯的轴心对称布设；其特征在于：In order to solve the above technical problems, a U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor provided by the present invention includes a rotor iron core, and a plurality of permanent magnet units are arranged on the rotor iron core, and each permanent magnet unit surrounds the rotor. The iron core is arranged symmetrically on the axis; it is characterized by:
所述永磁单元包括磁钢单体、第一磁钢组合、第二磁钢组合，第一磁钢组合及第二磁钢组合各由两个宽度相异的磁钢分段组成；The permanent magnet unit includes a single magnetic steel, a first magnetic steel combination, and a second magnetic steel combination, and the first magnetic steel combination and the second magnetic steel combination are each composed of two magnetic steel segments with different widths;
所述磁钢单体布设在d轴的逆时针侧，第二磁钢组合布设在d轴的顺时针侧，磁钢单体、第二磁钢组合的布设形状呈窄口朝内的八字形，第一磁钢组合布设在该八字形的窄口部；The single magnetic steel is arranged on the counterclockwise side of the d-axis, and the second magnetic steel combination is arranged on the clockwise side of the d-axis. , the first magnetic steel combination is arranged in the narrow mouth of the figure eight;
所述第一磁钢组合中，两个磁钢分段布设成垂直于d轴的一字型，并且逆时针侧磁钢分段的宽度大于顺时针侧磁钢分段的宽度，并且该两个磁钢分段分置于两个相互隔断的永磁槽内；In the first magnetic steel combination, the two magnetic steel segments are arranged in a line shape perpendicular to the d-axis, and the width of the counterclockwise side magnetic steel segment is greater than the width of the clockwise side magnetic steel segment, and the two Each magnetic steel segment is placed in two mutually isolated permanent magnet slots;
所述第二磁钢组合中，近d轴侧磁钢分段的宽度大于近q轴侧磁钢分段的宽度，并且该两个磁钢分段分置于两个相互隔断的永磁槽内；In the second magnetic steel combination, the width of the magnetic steel segment near the d-axis side is greater than the width of the magnetic steel segment near the q-axis side, and the two magnetic steel segments are placed in two mutually isolated permanent magnet slots. Inside;
所述磁钢单体的内外两端都设有隔磁槽，第二磁钢组合中的近q轴侧磁钢分段的外端及近d轴侧磁钢分段的内端都设有隔磁槽。The inner and outer ends of the magnetic steel unit are provided with magnetic isolation grooves, and the outer end of the magnetic steel segment near the q-axis side and the inner end of the magnetic steel segment near the d-axis side in the second magnetic steel combination are provided with Magnetic isolation slot.
本发明提供的U型不对称分段永磁同步电机转子，采用内置式不等宽磁钢分段结构，并与极靴构成不对称永磁磁极，获得了与定子铁心斜槽、转子永磁磁极斜极、定转子间采用不均匀气隙等工艺和结构复杂的措施同样的效果，能降低齿槽引起的转矩波动，使磁极径向中心线的d轴与极间中心线的q轴径向力趋于平衡，减小转子离心力，降低机械振动、噪音和反电势谐波，减少铁心损耗，同时克服了斜槽和斜极的弊病；并且同一磁钢组合中的两个磁钢分段分置于两个相互隔断的永磁槽内，从而在两个磁钢分段之间形成导磁桥，磁钢分段之间的导磁桥的存在，一方面提供了附加磁通路径，提高了电机高速区恒功率扩速能力，另一方面相当于转子的加强筋，抗高速离心力，提高过载能力，有利于电机频繁启动。The U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor provided by the present invention adopts a built-in unequal width magnetic steel segment structure, and forms an asymmetric permanent magnet magnetic pole with the pole piece, and obtains the stator core inclined slot and the rotor permanent magnet. The magnetic pole slanted pole, the uneven air gap between the stator and the rotor and other measures with complex structure and the same effect can reduce the torque fluctuation caused by the cogging, so that the d axis of the radial center line of the magnetic pole and the q axis of the center line between the poles have the same effect. The radial force tends to be balanced, reducing the centrifugal force of the rotor, reducing the mechanical vibration, noise and back EMF harmonics, reducing the loss of the iron core, and overcoming the disadvantages of the inclined slot and the inclined pole; and the two magnetic steels in the same magnetic steel combination The segments are placed in two mutually isolated permanent magnet slots, thereby forming a magnetic conductive bridge between the two magnetic steel segments. The existence of the magnetic conductive bridge between the magnetic steel segments provides additional magnetic flux paths on the one hand. , which improves the constant power expansion capacity of the motor in the high-speed area. On the other hand, it is equivalent to the reinforcing rib of the rotor, which resists the high-speed centrifugal force and improves the overload capacity, which is conducive to the frequent start of the motor.
图1是本发明实施例的U型不对称分段永磁同步电机转子的径向截面图。1 is a radial cross-sectional view of a rotor of a U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
以下结合附图说明对本发明的实施例作进一步详细描述，但本实施例并不用于限制本发明，凡是采用本发明的相似结构及其相似变化，均应列入本发明的保护范围，本发明中的顿号均表示和的关系。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Any similar structures and similar changes of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The commas in all indicate the relationship of and.
如图1所示，本发明实施例所提供的一种U型不对称分段永磁同步电机转子，包括转子铁芯1，所述转子铁芯上设有多个永磁单元，各个永磁单元围绕转子铁芯的轴心对称布设；其特征在于：As shown in FIG. 1 , a U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a rotor iron core 1, and a plurality of permanent magnet units are arranged on the rotor iron core, and each permanent magnet The units are arranged symmetrically around the axis of the rotor core; it is characterized by:
所述永磁单元包括磁钢单体4、第一磁钢组合、第二磁钢组合，第一磁钢组合由两个宽度相异的磁钢分段21、22组成(磁钢分段的长度方向与转子铁芯的轴向平行)，第二磁钢组合由两个宽度相异的磁钢分段31、32组成；The permanent magnet unit includes a magnetic steel unit 4, a first magnetic steel combination, and a second magnetic steel combination. The first magnetic steel combination is composed of two magnetic steel segments 21 and 22 with different widths (the The length direction is parallel to the axial direction of the rotor core), and the second magnetic steel combination is composed of two magnetic steel segments 31 and 32 with different widths;
所述磁钢单体4布设在d轴的逆时针侧，第二磁钢组合布设在d轴的顺时针侧，磁钢单体4、第二磁钢组合的布设形状呈窄口朝内的八字形(朝向转子铁芯轴心一侧为内侧)，第一磁钢组合布设在该八字形的窄口部；The magnetic steel unit 4 is arranged on the counterclockwise side of the d-axis, and the second magnetic steel combination is arranged on the clockwise side of the d-axis. Figure-eight shape (the side facing the rotor core axis is the inner side), and the first magnetic steel combination is arranged in the narrow mouth of the figure-eight shape;
所述第一磁钢组合中，两个磁钢分段21、22布设成垂直于d轴(磁极轴线)的一字型，并且逆时针侧磁钢分段21的宽度大于顺时针侧磁钢分段22的宽度，并且该两个磁钢分段21、22分置于两个相互隔断的永磁槽内；In the first magnetic steel combination, the two magnetic steel segments 21 and 22 are arranged in a line shape perpendicular to the d-axis (magnetic pole axis), and the width of the counterclockwise side magnetic steel segment 21 is larger than that of the clockwise side magnetic steel. The width of the segment 22, and the two magnetic steel segments 21, 22 are placed in two mutually isolated permanent magnet slots;
所述第二磁钢组合中，近d轴侧磁钢分段31的宽度大于近q轴侧磁钢分段32的宽度，并且该两个磁钢分段31、32分置于两个相互隔断的永磁槽内；In the second magnetic steel combination, the width of the magnetic steel segment 31 on the proximal d-axis side is greater than the width of the magnetic steel segment 32 on the near q-axis side, and the two magnetic steel segments 31 and 32 are placed on two sides of each other. In the partitioned permanent magnet slot;
所述磁钢单体4的内外两端都设有隔磁槽5，第二磁钢组合中的近q轴侧磁钢分段32的外端及近d轴侧磁钢分段31的内端都设有隔磁槽5。The inner and outer ends of the magnetic steel unit 4 are provided with magnetic isolation grooves 5, and the outer end of the magnetic steel segment 32 on the near-q-axis side and the inner side of the magnetic steel segment 31 on the near-d-axis side in the second magnetic steel combination. Both ends are provided with magnetic isolation slots 5 .
齿槽转矩也称磁阻转矩是自动化场合、机电一体化场合的调速系统中致命缺陷，内置式永磁电机有效气隙小，齿槽转矩影响更大，齿槽转矩对输出造成干扰，产生振动和噪音，斜槽或斜极是最常用减小转矩波动的方法，但定子斜槽使生产工艺和结构复杂，使定子槽面积减小，降低出力，使铜耗增加，斜槽和斜极两者均降低出力，并是使电机的工艺和结构复杂，电机制造成本提高。高精度调速系统对齿槽转矩波动要求很严格，因为在调速系统中，当电机转矩的频率与定子或转子的机械共振频率一致时，齿槽转矩产生的振动和噪音被显著放大，同时也影响低速性能和定位精度。Cogging torque, also known as reluctance torque, is a fatal defect in the speed control system in automation and mechatronics applications. The built-in permanent magnet motor has a small effective air gap, and the cogging torque has a greater impact on the output. Cause interference, generate vibration and noise, oblique slot or oblique pole is the most commonly used method to reduce torque fluctuation, but stator oblique slot complicates production process and structure, reduces stator slot area, reduces output, and increases copper consumption. Both the inclined slot and the inclined pole reduce the output, and complicate the process and structure of the motor, and increase the manufacturing cost of the motor. The high-precision speed control system has strict requirements on the cogging torque fluctuation, because in the speed control system, when the frequency of the motor torque is consistent with the mechanical resonance frequency of the stator or rotor, the vibration and noise generated by the cogging torque are significantly reduced. Amplification also affects low speed performance and positioning accuracy.
本发明实施例中，磁钢单体4、第一磁钢组合、第二磁钢组合整体呈U型布设，相对d轴形成不对称布设的磁钢与极靴(转子铁芯)构成不对称永磁磁极，获得了与定子铁心斜槽、转子永磁磁极斜极、定转子间采用不均匀气隙等工艺和结构复杂的措施同样的效果，能降低齿槽引起的转矩波动类似的平均效果，减小了气隙磁导的变化，从而减小了当转子旋转时气隙磁场储能的变化，使d轴与q轴(极间轴线)径向力趋于平衡，削弱了齿槽转矩(齿槽转矩也称磁阻转矩，是电动汽车驱动系统中致命缺陷)；而且还抑制了齿槽引起的转矩波动，显著减小转子高速运行时的噪音、机械振动和定子铁心变形，特别是可显著减小反电势谐 波分量，使有效降低反电势总谐波失真THD，有利于电机频繁启动，提高效率、过载能力和功率密度；克服了斜槽和斜极的弊病(两者均降低出力，并是使电机的工艺和结构复杂，电机制造成本提高)；本发明实施例镶入不等宽磁钢的永磁槽相互不贯通、有间隔，形成导磁桥，此外磁钢两端设有隔磁槽(非磁性磁通屏障)两者均起到隔磁、抑制漏磁通的作用；磁钢分段之间的导磁桥的存在，一方面提供了附加磁通路径，提高了电机高速区恒功率扩速能力，另一方面相当于转子的加强筋，抗高速离心力，提高过载能力，有利于电机频繁启动。In the embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic steel unit 4, the first magnetic steel combination, and the second magnetic steel combination are arranged in a U-shape as a whole, and the magnetic steel and the pole piece (rotor iron core) are asymmetrically arranged relative to the d-axis. The permanent magnetic poles have the same effect as the stator core inclined slots, the rotor permanent magnetic pole inclined poles, the uneven air gap between the stator and the rotor and other measures with complex processes and structures, which can reduce the torque fluctuation caused by the cogging. The effect reduces the change of the air-gap permeance, thereby reducing the change of the energy storage of the air-gap magnetic field when the rotor rotates, so that the radial force between the d-axis and the q-axis (interpole axis) tends to balance, and the cogging is weakened. Torque (cogging torque, also known as reluctance torque, is a fatal defect in the electric vehicle drive system); and also suppresses torque fluctuations caused by cogging, significantly reducing the noise, mechanical vibration and stator noise when the rotor runs at high speed The deformation of the iron core, especially the harmonic components of the back EMF, can effectively reduce the total harmonic distortion THD of the back EMF, which is beneficial to the frequent starting of the motor, and improves the efficiency, overload capacity and power density; it overcomes the disadvantages of the inclined slot and the inclined pole. (both reduce the output, and make the process and structure of the motor complicated, and the manufacturing cost of the motor is increased); the permanent magnet slots embedded in the unequal width magnets in the embodiment of the present invention do not penetrate each other and have intervals to form a magnetic conductive bridge, In addition, there are magnetic isolation slots (non-magnetic flux barriers) at both ends of the magnetic steel, both of which play the role of magnetic isolation and suppression of magnetic flux leakage; the existence of the magnetic conductive bridge between the magnetic steel segments provides additional The magnetic flux path improves the constant power expansion capability of the motor in the high-speed area. On the other hand, it is equivalent to the reinforcing rib of the rotor, which resists the high-speed centrifugal force and improves the overload capacity, which is conducive to the frequent start of the motor.
本发明实施例电机采用内置式不等宽磁钢分段结构，并与极靴(转子铁芯的局部区域)构成不对称永磁磁极的措施，能降低齿槽引起的转矩波动，使磁极径向中心线的d轴与极间中心线的q轴径向力趋于平衡，减小转子离心力，降低机械振动、噪音和反电势谐波，减少铁心损耗。The motor in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a built-in unequal-width magnetic steel segment structure, and forms an asymmetric permanent magnetic pole with the pole piece (the local area of the rotor core), which can reduce the torque fluctuation caused by the cogging and make the magnetic pole The radial force of the d-axis of the radial centerline and the q-axis of the interpole centerline tends to balance, reducing the centrifugal force of the rotor, reducing mechanical vibration, noise and back EMF harmonics, and reducing core loss.
永磁同步电机的转矩波动来自磁钢与定子齿之间的相互作用产生的齿槽转矩和感应电动势波形、电流波形中含有的谐波产生的纹波转矩，合理设置的导磁桥和磁钢两端设置有倾斜、不等厚导磁桥，使气隙磁密波形的谐波含量减小，有效削弱齿槽转矩和齿谐波电动势，可以获得比现有内置式整体永磁同步电机更宽广的恒功率速度范围，实现电机高效、高可靠性、宽调速、低噪、低波动平稳运行等特点，有效提高电机的综合性能，满足电动、混合动力汽车驱动要求。The torque fluctuation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor comes from the cogging torque generated by the interaction between the magnetic steel and the stator teeth, the induced electromotive force waveform, and the ripple torque generated by the harmonics contained in the current waveform. There are inclined and unequal thickness magnetic conductive bridges at both ends of the magnetic steel, which reduces the harmonic content of the air-gap flux density waveform, effectively weakens the cogging torque and the tooth harmonic electromotive force, and can obtain a better performance than the existing built-in integral permanent magnet. The magnetic synchronous motor has a wider constant power speed range, realizes the characteristics of high efficiency, high reliability, wide speed regulation, low noise, low fluctuation and smooth operation of the motor, effectively improves the comprehensive performance of the motor, and meets the driving requirements of electric and hybrid vehicles.
Claims (1)
- 一种U型不对称分段永磁同步电机转子，包括转子铁芯，所述转子铁芯上设有多个永磁单元，各个永磁单元围绕转子铁芯的轴心对称布设；其特征在于：A U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor includes a rotor iron core, a plurality of permanent magnet units are arranged on the rotor iron core, and each permanent magnet unit is symmetrically arranged around the axis of the rotor iron core; it is characterized in that :所述永磁单元包括磁钢单体、第一磁钢组合、第二磁钢组合，第一磁钢组合及第二磁钢组合各由两个宽度相异的磁钢分段组成；The permanent magnet unit includes a single magnetic steel, a first magnetic steel combination, and a second magnetic steel combination, and the first magnetic steel combination and the second magnetic steel combination are each composed of two magnetic steel segments with different widths;所述磁钢单体布设在d轴的逆时针侧，第二磁钢组合布设在d轴的顺时针侧，磁钢单体、第二磁钢组合的布设形状呈窄口朝内的八字形，第一磁钢组合布设在该八字形的窄口部；The single magnetic steel is arranged on the counterclockwise side of the d-axis, and the second magnetic steel combination is arranged on the clockwise side of the d-axis. , the first magnetic steel combination is arranged in the narrow mouth of the figure eight;所述第一磁钢组合中，两个磁钢分段布设成垂直于d轴的一字型，并且逆时针侧磁钢分段的宽度大于顺时针侧磁钢分段的宽度，并且该两个磁钢分段分置于两个相互隔断的永磁槽内；In the first magnetic steel combination, the two magnetic steel segments are arranged in a line shape perpendicular to the d-axis, and the width of the counterclockwise side magnetic steel segment is greater than the width of the clockwise side magnetic steel segment, and the two Each magnetic steel segment is placed in two mutually isolated permanent magnet slots;所述第二磁钢组合中，近d轴侧磁钢分段的宽度大于近q轴侧磁钢分段的宽度，并且该两个磁钢分段分置于两个相互隔断的永磁槽内；In the second magnetic steel combination, the width of the magnetic steel segment near the d-axis side is greater than the width of the magnetic steel segment near the q-axis side, and the two magnetic steel segments are placed in two mutually isolated permanent magnet slots. Inside;所述磁钢单体的内外两端都设有隔磁槽，第二磁钢组合中的近q轴侧磁钢分段的外端及近d轴侧磁钢分段的内端都设有隔磁槽。The inner and outer ends of the magnetic steel unit are provided with magnetic isolation grooves, and the outer end of the magnetic steel segment near the q-axis side and the inner end of the magnetic steel segment near the d-axis side in the second magnetic steel combination are provided with Magnetic isolation slot.
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| CN116742856A (en) * | 2023-07-03 | 2023-09-12 | 山东理工大学 | Magnetic field distribution adjustable motor with arc-shaped magnetic barriers |
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| CN112271845A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-01-26 | 上海特波电机有限公司 | U-shaped asymmetric segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor |
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| CN116742856B (en) * | 2023-07-03 | 2024-05-31 | 山东理工大学 | Magnetic field distribution adjustable motor with arc-shaped magnetic barriers |
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