WO2022118238A1 - Netting for use in particular in protecting soil embankments, device and process for manufacturing such netting - Google Patents

Netting for use in particular in protecting soil embankments, device and process for manufacturing such netting Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022118238A1
WO2022118238A1 PCT/IB2021/061233 IB2021061233W WO2022118238A1 WO 2022118238 A1 WO2022118238 A1 WO 2022118238A1 IB 2021061233 W IB2021061233 W IB 2021061233W WO 2022118238 A1 WO2022118238 A1 WO 2022118238A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cables
netting
braiding
straight
elements
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2021/061233
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ryszard ODZIOMEK
Original Assignee
Odziomek Ryszard
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Odziomek Ryszard filed Critical Odziomek Ryszard
Publication of WO2022118238A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022118238A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/02—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets without additional connecting elements or material at crossings, e.g. connected by knitting
    • B21F27/06—Manufacturing on twister-gear machines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/10—Patterned fabrics or articles
    • D04B1/102—Patterned fabrics or articles with stitch pattern
    • D04B1/108—Gussets, e.g. pouches or heel or toe portions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
    • E04H17/02—Wire fencing, e.g. made of wire mesh
    • E04H17/04—Wire fencing, e.g. made of wire mesh characterised by the use of specially adapted wire, e.g. barbed wire, wire mesh, toothed strip or the like; Coupling means therefor
    • E04H17/05—Wire mesh or wire fabric
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/20—Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles
    • D10B2505/204—Geotextiles

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a netting for use in particular in protecting soil embankments, as well as a device and a process for manufacturing such netting.
  • the nettings of the above type are used for protection of roads and communication facilities against rock chunks falling down from slopes, as an element of the systems for protecting (stabilizing) slopes against land movements.
  • Another known solution is a netting having rhomboid-shaped meshes.
  • Such nettings are manufactured of high carbon steel wires having high tensile strength; the resilience of such nettings may reach to about 150 kN.
  • Hexagonal wire nettings are also used, which are made of low carbon steel wires having low tensile strength ( 550-700 MPa). The use of the low carbon steel wires limits the use of such nettings to the loads that do not exceed 70 kN.
  • rope nettings are also used, in which rope crossings are connected by clamping.
  • Manufacture of the rope nettings is expensive and their installation on a slope is cumbersome. Due to their substantial weight, heavy equipment must be used.
  • the meshes of such nettings are so large that rock chunks of a 10 cm diameter may go through. Consequently, there is a need to use additional nettings having smaller meshes and low resistance which also results in cumbersome and expensive installation.
  • Hexagonal wire nettings are also used that are made of low tensile strength wires (550-700 MPa), but reinforced with interwoven high strength ropes spaced by 30-50 cm. Such nettings are manufactured with meshes of 60 mm x 80 mm; 80 mm x 100 mm; 100 mm x 120 mm. However, the reinforcement of this type is only apparent. The high strength is only present where the ropes are interwoven. Between the ropes, the netting has low tensile strength (depending on the wire diameter - 25-70 kN). Application of higher loads results in breakage of the netting.
  • Hexagonal wire nettings are also used that are made of high tensile strength wires (1500-1900 MPa). These nettings have the highest resilience of all the commercially available homogenous nettings. Their tensile strength is about 180 kN, i.e. it is substantially higher than that of the other known solutions.
  • a device for manufacturing a hexagonal wire netting made of high tensile strength wires.
  • the device comprises an assembly of tubes for leading the wires of which every other is twisted into a spiral shape, a spindle assembly and a drum receiving the wire netting, the drum being provided with detent elements.
  • Each spindle is adapted to lead one wire passing therethrough and fed by a cooperating tube and to be translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, so that the wires leaving the spindles are braided in at least 1,5 fold braids forming the wire netting to be subsequently received by the drum.
  • the device comprises a conventional double spindle assembly shown in fig. 6.
  • the aim of the invention was to provide a netting that would overcome the drawbacks of all the priorly know above described nettings.
  • a particular aim of the invention was to provide a netting that would be strong enough to be used as a replacement for double layer nettings in order to increase the overall resilience.
  • the netting according to the invention for use in particular in protecting soil embankments, is made of steel cables and is characterized in that it is constructed of trapezoid shape meshes formed by a plurality of interwoven cables including first straight cables and second straight cables as well as spirally twisted cables, the mutually parallel sides of the trapezoids being formed by the first straight cables that are oriented along a longitudinal direction of the netting, and the slated sides of the trapezoids being formed by the spirally twisted cables and the second straight cables that are braided in at least 1,5 fold braids around the first straight cables.
  • the cables are preferably made of steel having tensile strength in the in the range of 900-2900 MPa.
  • the slanted sides of the trapezoids are oriented at an angle in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides of the trapezoids.
  • the netting preferably forms an elastic three-dimensional structure.
  • the cables may be made of steel having carbon content falling in the range of 0,3% do 1%.
  • the netting is preferably manufactured of cables having a zinc-aluminum coating in a minimal amount of 150 g/m 2 .
  • the cables are preferably selected from a group comprising wires, wire bundles, wire strands and ropes.
  • the device according to the invention for manufacturing a netting of a plurality of steel cables comprising first straight cables and second straight cables as well as spirally twisted cables, further comprises a cable feeding assembly, an assembly of tubes for leading the spirally twisted cables, an assembly of braiding elements and a drum provided with detent elements, each braiding element being adapted to lead one cable passing therethrough.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the braiding elements are arranged in groups of three, each group comprising two outermost braiding elements, one of which leads a first straight cable and the other leads a spirally twisted cable, the two outermost braiding elements being adapted to be translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, each group further comprising a stationary central braiding element leading a second straight cable, the outermost braiding elements being adapted to braid their outgoing cables in at least 1,5 fold braids around the second straight cable going out of the central braiding element, so that the netting is formed to be finally shaped by the drum, the drum detent elements being arranged in such a way that the produced netting has meshes in a shape of trapezoid.
  • the drum detent elements are preferably arranged in a such a way that the slanted sides of the trapezoids are oriented at an angle in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides of the trapezoids.
  • a straightening guide is located between each tube leading the spirally twisted cables and the braiding element cooperating therewith.
  • the straightening guide preferably has a shape of a truncated cone or a cylinder with a truncated cone.
  • a guiding groove may be provided on the inner side of the straightening guide for assisting the straightening process.
  • the straightening guide is preferably made of a plastic material.
  • a process according to the invention for manufacturing a netting of steel cables in a device comprising a cable feeding assembly, the cables comprising straight cables and spirally twisted cables, the device further comprising an assembly of tubes for leading the spirally twisted cables, an assembly of braiding elements and a drum provided with detent elements, wherein through each braiding element one cable is led.
  • the process according to the invention is characterized in that the braiding elements are arranged in groups of three, each group comprising two outermost braiding elements adapted to being translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, and a stationary central braiding element, wherein the first straight cable going out of one of the two outermost braiding elements and the spirally twisted cable going out of the other of the two outermost braiding elements, are being braided in at least 1,5 fold braids around the second straight cable going out of the central braiding element, so that the netting is formed having trapezoid shape meshes, the meshes being finally shaped on the drum detent elements.
  • the cables made of steel having tensile strength in the in the range of 900-2900 MPa are used, and the spirally twisted cables are being straightened before being introduced into the braiding elements by means of a straightening guide located between each tube leading the spirally twisted cables and the braiding element cooperating therewith.
  • the netting is manufactured in which the trapezoid shaped meshes have the slanted sides oriented at an angle in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides of the trapezoids.
  • the cables are used made of steel having carbon content in the range of 0,3% to 1%.
  • the cables are used having a zinc-aluminum coating in a minimal amount of 150 g/m 2 .
  • the cables are selected from a group comprising wires, wire bundles, wire strands and ropes.
  • the netting according to the invention enables to protect large surfaces in a continuous manner.
  • the netting is made of a continuous piece of material (wires, wire bundles, wire strands and ropes). Due to its structure (minimum 1,5 fold braids) the netting may not unbraid even upon breakage of an individual cable. When an individual cable is damaged, the forces are borne by the neighboring cables and the adjacent braids prevent unbraiding of the netting.
  • At the ends of a netting sheet boundary cables may be located providing an orderly ending for the sheet.
  • the arrangement of cables in the netting according to the invention has advantageous impacts on the distribution of forces borne by the netting which will be explained in the following.
  • the netting according to the invention may constitute an element of a system in which tabs / pads are used for pressing the installed netting against the slope.
  • Fig. 1 shows a top view of a fragment of the netting according to the invention
  • FIG. 2a and 2b schematically show two embodiments of the device according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows exemplary braiding elements of the device according to the invention
  • Figs. 4a, 4b and 4c schematically show two variants of the straightening guide of the device according to the invention
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows the drum of the device according to the invention.
  • the netting P shown in fig. 1 is constructed of meshes having a shape of trapezoids formed by a plurality of interwoven steel cables 1, 2, 3.
  • the cables may be wires, wire bundles, wire strands and ropes etc.
  • the cables 1, 2, 3 comprise first straight cables 1, second straight cables 3 and the cables 2, which are spirally twisted during the manufacture process of the netting.
  • the trapezoid meshes have two mutually parallel sides A, B and two slanted sides C. The sides A, B are to be oriented along the slope, as shown by an arrow S in fig. 1. As also shown in fig.
  • the sides A, B of the trapezoids are formed by the parallel first straight cables oriented along the longitudinal direction of the netting, and the slanted sides C are formed by second straight cables 3 and the spirally twisted cables 2 braided around the first straight cables 1 by at least 1,5 fold braids.
  • the netting P is manufactured of steel having high tensile strength in the range 900-2900 MPa.
  • the angle a shown in fig. 1 should fall in the range of 39° to 79° in order to avoid damaging of the high tensile strength cables during twisting.
  • the arrangement of the cables 1, 2, 3 in the netting P having trapezoid meshes has advantageous impact on distribution of forces borne by the netting.
  • these first straight cables 1 bear the whole tensile force in the direction parallel to the slope.
  • the forces acting in the second straight cables 3 and in the spirally twisted cables 2 are decomposed into a force parallel and a force perpendicular to the load direction, i.e. the direction of the slope.
  • the netting P of steel having carbon content in the range of 0,3% to 1%.
  • the cables may have an anticorrosive zinc-aluminum coating in the amount of minimum 150 g/m 2 .
  • the netting P according to the invention if manufactured of high tensile strength cables, may be installed at the bottom of a slope as a rock chunks catcher. Due to the use of the steel having the tensile strength in the range 900-2900 MPa, and in view of the fact that two cables are braided in at least 1,5 braids around each other and around a third cable, an elastic spatial structure is formed having qualities which enable to absorb the energy of falling rock chunks without the need to use absorbing spring ropes.
  • the device according to the invention shown schematically in fig. 2 is essentially similar to the device described in the PL235814 patent. According to the current invention, the use of the guides 10 (to be described in the following) for straightening the spirally twisted cables 2 is only necessary in the case when preferred high tensile strength cables 1, 2, 3 (in the range 900-2900 MPa ) are used.
  • the operation of the device according to the invention is also essentially similar to that of the device as described in PL235814.
  • a plurality of cables 1, 2, 3 is brought from delivery stations having a form of stands 4, by means of guiding elements consisting of brake drums 5 and tubes 6 delivering the spirally twisted cables 2.
  • the device comprises an assembly of braiding elements 71, 7b, 7c and a receiving drum 8 provided with detent elements 9, each braiding element 7a, 7b, 7c being adapted to guide one cable 1, 2, 3 passing therethrough.
  • the main difference distinguishing the device according to the invention is the use of braiding elements 71, 7b, 7c arranged in groups of three (triple braiding elements) shown in fig. 3.
  • two outermost braiding elements 7a, 7c are translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, and the central braiding element 7b is stationary. Due to this arrangement the first straight cables 1 and the spirally twisted cables 2 going out of the outermost braiding elements 7a, 7c are braided in at least 1,5 fold braids around the second straight cable 3 going out of the central braiding element 7b, so that the netting P is formed which is finally shaped by the drum 8.
  • the straightening guide 10 is shown, for straightening the spirally twisted cables 2.
  • the device according to the invention is provided (the same as the device of PL235814) with such guides 10 located between each tube 6 leading the spirally twisted cable 2 and the braiding element 7a (7c) cooperating therewith.
  • the straightening guide 10 has a shape as described in PL235814. In its simplest form shown in fig.
  • the guide 10 consists of a truncated cone shaped wall, the smaller edge of which forms a central outlet opening cooperating with the braiding element 7a (7c) and the larger edge forms a central inlet opening cooperating with the outlet of the tube 6.
  • the guide 10 may consist of a cylinder with an outlet and an inlet, both shaped as truncated cones - see fig. 4b.
  • a guiding groove 11 is provided as shown in fig. 4c, for assisting the straightening process.
  • the drum 8 according to the invention is shown in fig. 5.
  • the detent elements 9 of the drum are arranged in such a way that the manufactured netting has meshes in a shape of trapezoid.
  • the detent elements enable to form the meshes the slanted sides C of which are oriented at an angle a in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides A, B of the trapezoids.
  • the netting P according to the invention is manufactured in the above described device in the following way.
  • a plurality of cables 1, 2, 3 is brought from delivery stations having a form of stands 4, by means of guiding elements consisting of the brake drums 5 and the tubes 6 to the assembly of braiding elements 71, 7b, 7c.
  • the assembly of tubes 6 forms a row in which each tube 6 leads a spirally twisted cable 2 brought to the braiding element 7a or 7c.
  • the straight cables 1, 3 are brought to the remaining braiding elements 7a (7c) and 7b. Downstream of the assembly of the tubes 6 containing the spirally twisted cables 2, the assembly of the braiding elements 7a, 7b, 7c is located, so that the spirally twisted cables 2 are led from each tube 6 to the respective braiding element 7a or 7c.
  • the braiding elements 7a, 7b, 7c are arranged in groups of three, in each group two outermost braiding elements 7a, 7c are adapted to be translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, and the central braiding element 7b is stationary. Due to this arrangement, the first straight cables 1 and the spirally twisted cables 2 going out of the outermost braiding elements 7a and 7c are braided in at least 1,5 fold braids around the second straight cable 3 going out of the central braiding element 7b, so that the netting P is formed, which is finally shaped by the drum 8.
  • each group of the braiding elements 7a, 7b, 7c the straight cables are led through one of the outermost braiding elements 7a (or 7c) and through the central braiding element 7b, while the spirally twisted cable 2 is led through the other of the outermost braiding elements 7c (or 7a).
  • the netting P is then delivered onto the drum provided with the detent elements 9 arranged so as to form trapezoidal meshes.
  • the spirally twisted cables 2 are being straightened by means of the guide 10 prior to their introduction into the braiding elements.
  • a straightening guide 10 is located in each tube 6 guiding the spirally twisted cable 2 upstream the cooperating braiding element.
  • the netting P in which the slanted sides C of the trapezoids are oriented at an angle in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides A, B of the trapezoids.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)

Abstract

A netting for use in particular in protecting soil embankments, made of steel cables and constructed of trapezoid shaped meshes formed by a plurality of interwoven cables (1, 2, 3) including first straight cables (1) and second straight cables (3) as well as spirally twisted cables (2), the mutually parallel sides (A, B) of the trapezoids being formed by the first straight cables (1) that are oriented in parallel along a longitudinal direction (S) of the netting (P), and the slated sides (C) of the trapezoids being formed by the spirally twisted cables (2) and the second straight cables (3) that are braided in at least 1,5 fold braids around the first straight cables (1). A device and a process for manufacturing the netting according to the invention.

Description

Netting for use in particular in protecting soil embankments, device and process for manufacturing such netting
The invention concerns a netting for use in particular in protecting soil embankments, as well as a device and a process for manufacturing such netting.
The nettings of the above type are used for protection of roads and communication facilities against rock chunks falling down from slopes, as an element of the systems for protecting (stabilizing) slopes against land movements.
Solutions used for protection of embankments and slopes against dislocated rock chunks and land movements are known in the art. For example, square mesh wire nettings are used. Such nettings, so called fence nettings, are made of interwoven wires bent at an angle. The wires used for such nettings have low tensile strength. However, the drawback of such nettings is their low resistance resulting from low tensile strength of the wires used for their manufacture, and hence their low resilience to the loads it may be subject to ((limited design scope not exceeding 70 kN).
Another known solution is a netting having rhomboid-shaped meshes. Such nettings are manufactured of high carbon steel wires having high tensile strength; the resilience of such nettings may reach to about 150 kN.
Hexagonal wire nettings are also used, which are made of low carbon steel wires having low tensile strength ( 550-700 MPa). The use of the low carbon steel wires limits the use of such nettings to the loads that do not exceed 70 kN.
For protecting slopes rope nettings are also used, in which rope crossings are connected by clamping. Manufacture of the rope nettings is expensive and their installation on a slope is cumbersome. Due to their substantial weight, heavy equipment must be used. The meshes of such nettings are so large that rock chunks of a 10 cm diameter may go through. Consequently, there is a need to use additional nettings having smaller meshes and low resistance which also results in cumbersome and expensive installation.
Hexagonal wire nettings are also used that are made of low tensile strength wires (550-700 MPa), but reinforced with interwoven high strength ropes spaced by 30-50 cm. Such nettings are manufactured with meshes of 60 mm x 80 mm; 80 mm x 100 mm; 100 mm x 120 mm. However, the reinforcement of this type is only apparent. The high strength is only present where the ropes are interwoven. Between the ropes, the netting has low tensile strength (depending on the wire diameter - 25-70 kN). Application of higher loads results in breakage of the netting.
Hexagonal wire nettings are also used that are made of high tensile strength wires (1500-1900 MPa). These nettings have the highest resilience of all the commercially available homogenous nettings. Their tensile strength is about 180 kN, i.e. it is substantially higher than that of the other known solutions.
In view of the insufficient strength of the known nettings, it is necessary sometimes to use two layer nettings in order to adequately protect slopes and embankments against land movements and rock chunks falls. This causes the weight of the protection system as well as the material and installation costs to be increased.
From the Polish patent PL235814, a device is known for manufacturing a hexagonal wire netting made of high tensile strength wires. The device comprises an assembly of tubes for leading the wires of which every other is twisted into a spiral shape, a spindle assembly and a drum receiving the wire netting, the drum being provided with detent elements. Each spindle is adapted to lead one wire passing therethrough and fed by a cooperating tube and to be translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, so that the wires leaving the spindles are braided in at least 1,5 fold braids forming the wire netting to be subsequently received by the drum. The device comprises a conventional double spindle assembly shown in fig. 6.
In view of the above the aim of the invention was to provide a netting that would overcome the drawbacks of all the priorly know above described nettings.
A particular aim of the invention was to provide a netting that would be strong enough to be used as a replacement for double layer nettings in order to increase the overall resilience.
The netting according to the invention, for use in particular in protecting soil embankments, is made of steel cables and is characterized in that it is constructed of trapezoid shape meshes formed by a plurality of interwoven cables including first straight cables and second straight cables as well as spirally twisted cables, the mutually parallel sides of the trapezoids being formed by the first straight cables that are oriented along a longitudinal direction of the netting, and the slated sides of the trapezoids being formed by the spirally twisted cables and the second straight cables that are braided in at least 1,5 fold braids around the first straight cables.
The cables are preferably made of steel having tensile strength in the in the range of 900-2900 MPa.
The slanted sides of the trapezoids are oriented at an angle in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides of the trapezoids.
The netting preferably forms an elastic three-dimensional structure.
The cables may be made of steel having carbon content falling in the range of 0,3% do 1%.
The netting is preferably manufactured of cables having a zinc-aluminum coating in a minimal amount of 150 g/m2.
The cables are preferably selected from a group comprising wires, wire bundles, wire strands and ropes. The device according to the invention, for manufacturing a netting of a plurality of steel cables comprising first straight cables and second straight cables as well as spirally twisted cables, further comprises a cable feeding assembly, an assembly of tubes for leading the spirally twisted cables, an assembly of braiding elements and a drum provided with detent elements, each braiding element being adapted to lead one cable passing therethrough.
The device according to the invention is characterized in that the braiding elements are arranged in groups of three, each group comprising two outermost braiding elements, one of which leads a first straight cable and the other leads a spirally twisted cable, the two outermost braiding elements being adapted to be translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, each group further comprising a stationary central braiding element leading a second straight cable, the outermost braiding elements being adapted to braid their outgoing cables in at least 1,5 fold braids around the second straight cable going out of the central braiding element, so that the netting is formed to be finally shaped by the drum, the drum detent elements being arranged in such a way that the produced netting has meshes in a shape of trapezoid.
The drum detent elements are preferably arranged in a such a way that the slanted sides of the trapezoids are oriented at an angle in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides of the trapezoids.
Preferably, between each tube leading the spirally twisted cables and the braiding element cooperating therewith a straightening guide is located.
The straightening guide preferably has a shape of a truncated cone or a cylinder with a truncated cone.
A guiding groove may be provided on the inner side of the straightening guide for assisting the straightening process.
The straightening guide is preferably made of a plastic material.
A process according to the invention, for manufacturing a netting of steel cables in a device comprising a cable feeding assembly, the cables comprising straight cables and spirally twisted cables, the device further comprising an assembly of tubes for leading the spirally twisted cables, an assembly of braiding elements and a drum provided with detent elements, wherein through each braiding element one cable is led.
The process according to the invention is characterized in that the braiding elements are arranged in groups of three, each group comprising two outermost braiding elements adapted to being translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, and a stationary central braiding element, wherein the first straight cable going out of one of the two outermost braiding elements and the spirally twisted cable going out of the other of the two outermost braiding elements, are being braided in at least 1,5 fold braids around the second straight cable going out of the central braiding element, so that the netting is formed having trapezoid shape meshes, the meshes being finally shaped on the drum detent elements.
Preferably, the cables made of steel having tensile strength in the in the range of 900-2900 MPa are used, and the spirally twisted cables are being straightened before being introduced into the braiding elements by means of a straightening guide located between each tube leading the spirally twisted cables and the braiding element cooperating therewith.
Preferably, the netting is manufactured in which the trapezoid shaped meshes have the slanted sides oriented at an angle in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides of the trapezoids.
Preferably, the cables are used made of steel having carbon content in the range of 0,3% to 1%.
Optionally, the cables are used having a zinc-aluminum coating in a minimal amount of 150 g/m2.
Preferably, the cables are selected from a group comprising wires, wire bundles, wire strands and ropes.
The netting according to the invention enables to protect large surfaces in a continuous manner. Along all the length of a slope, the netting is made of a continuous piece of material (wires, wire bundles, wire strands and ropes). Due to its structure (minimum 1,5 fold braids) the netting may not unbraid even upon breakage of an individual cable. When an individual cable is damaged, the forces are borne by the neighboring cables and the adjacent braids prevent unbraiding of the netting. At the ends of a netting sheet boundary cables may be located providing an orderly ending for the sheet.
Additionally, the arrangement of cables in the netting according to the invention has advantageous impacts on the distribution of forces borne by the netting which will be explained in the following.
The netting according to the invention may constitute an element of a system in which tabs / pads are used for pressing the installed netting against the slope.
Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing in which:
Fig. 1 shows a top view of a fragment of the netting according to the invention;
Fig. 2a and 2b schematically show two embodiments of the device according to the invention;
Fig. 3 schematically shows exemplary braiding elements of the device according to the invention;
Figs. 4a, 4b and 4c schematically show two variants of the straightening guide of the device according to the invention;
Fig. 1 schematically shows the drum of the device according to the invention.
The netting P shown in fig. 1 is constructed of meshes having a shape of trapezoids formed by a plurality of interwoven steel cables 1, 2, 3. The cables may be wires, wire bundles, wire strands and ropes etc. The cables 1, 2, 3 comprise first straight cables 1, second straight cables 3 and the cables 2, which are spirally twisted during the manufacture process of the netting. The trapezoid meshes have two mutually parallel sides A, B and two slanted sides C. The sides A, B are to be oriented along the slope, as shown by an arrow S in fig. 1. As also shown in fig. 1, the sides A, B of the trapezoids are formed by the parallel first straight cables oriented along the longitudinal direction of the netting, and the slanted sides C are formed by second straight cables 3 and the spirally twisted cables 2 braided around the first straight cables 1 by at least 1,5 fold braids. Advantageously, the netting P is manufactured of steel having high tensile strength in the range 900-2900 MPa. In this case the angle a shown in fig. 1 should fall in the range of 39° to 79° in order to avoid damaging of the high tensile strength cables during twisting.
As mentioned above, the arrangement of the cables 1, 2, 3 in the netting P having trapezoid meshes has advantageous impact on distribution of forces borne by the netting. In the netting P installed on a slope in such a way that the first straight cables 1 extend along the slope, these first straight cables 1 bear the whole tensile force in the direction parallel to the slope. The forces acting in the second straight cables 3 and in the spirally twisted cables 2 are decomposed into a force parallel and a force perpendicular to the load direction, i.e. the direction of the slope.
Such distribution of forces makes maximal use of the netting structure when compared to other commercially available solutions. Due to the addition of the first straight cables to a known hexagonal netting the tensile strength is doubled. There is no need to use two layers of the netting in order to achieve doubling of the tensile strength. Additionally, the weight of the netting is increased only by 40% in comparison to a double layer netting.
It is also advantageous to manufacture the netting P of steel having carbon content in the range of 0,3% to 1%. Optionally the cables may have an anticorrosive zinc-aluminum coating in the amount of minimum 150 g/m2.
The netting P according to the invention, if manufactured of high tensile strength cables, may be installed at the bottom of a slope as a rock chunks catcher. Due to the use of the steel having the tensile strength in the range 900-2900 MPa, and in view of the fact that two cables are braided in at least 1,5 braids around each other and around a third cable, an elastic spatial structure is formed having qualities which enable to absorb the energy of falling rock chunks without the need to use absorbing spring ropes.
The device according to the invention shown schematically in fig. 2 is essentially similar to the device described in the PL235814 patent. According to the current invention, the use of the guides 10 (to be described in the following) for straightening the spirally twisted cables 2 is only necessary in the case when preferred high tensile strength cables 1, 2, 3 (in the range 900-2900 MPa ) are used. The operation of the device according to the invention is also essentially similar to that of the device as described in PL235814. A plurality of cables 1, 2, 3 is brought from delivery stations having a form of stands 4, by means of guiding elements consisting of brake drums 5 and tubes 6 delivering the spirally twisted cables 2. The device comprises an assembly of braiding elements 71, 7b, 7c and a receiving drum 8 provided with detent elements 9, each braiding element 7a, 7b, 7c being adapted to guide one cable 1, 2, 3 passing therethrough.
The main difference distinguishing the device according to the invention is the use of braiding elements 71, 7b, 7c arranged in groups of three (triple braiding elements) shown in fig. 3. In each group two outermost braiding elements 7a, 7c are translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, and the central braiding element 7b is stationary. Due to this arrangement the first straight cables 1 and the spirally twisted cables 2 going out of the outermost braiding elements 7a, 7c are braided in at least 1,5 fold braids around the second straight cable 3 going out of the central braiding element 7b, so that the netting P is formed which is finally shaped by the drum 8.
In fig. 4 the straightening guide 10 is shown, for straightening the spirally twisted cables 2. In the case of manufacturing the netting P of steel having high tensile strength (in the range 900-2900 MPa) the device according to the invention is provided (the same as the device of PL235814) with such guides 10 located between each tube 6 leading the spirally twisted cable 2 and the braiding element 7a (7c) cooperating therewith. The straightening guide 10 has a shape as described in PL235814. In its simplest form shown in fig. 4a, the guide 10 consists of a truncated cone shaped wall, the smaller edge of which forms a central outlet opening cooperating with the braiding element 7a (7c) and the larger edge forms a central inlet opening cooperating with the outlet of the tube 6. Optionally, the guide 10 may consist of a cylinder with an outlet and an inlet, both shaped as truncated cones - see fig. 4b. On an inside surface of the straightening guide 10, a guiding groove 11 is provided as shown in fig. 4c, for assisting the straightening process.
The drum 8 according to the invention is shown in fig. 5. As may be seen, the detent elements 9 of the drum are arranged in such a way that the manufactured netting has meshes in a shape of trapezoid. Preferably, the detent elements enable to form the meshes the slanted sides C of which are oriented at an angle a in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides A, B of the trapezoids.
The netting P according to the invention is manufactured in the above described device in the following way.
A plurality of cables 1, 2, 3 is brought from delivery stations having a form of stands 4, by means of guiding elements consisting of the brake drums 5 and the tubes 6 to the assembly of braiding elements 71, 7b, 7c. The assembly of tubes 6 forms a row in which each tube 6 leads a spirally twisted cable 2 brought to the braiding element 7a or 7c. The straight cables 1, 3 are brought to the remaining braiding elements 7a (7c) and 7b. Downstream of the assembly of the tubes 6 containing the spirally twisted cables 2, the assembly of the braiding elements 7a, 7b, 7c is located, so that the spirally twisted cables 2 are led from each tube 6 to the respective braiding element 7a or 7c. According to the invention, the braiding elements 7a, 7b, 7c are arranged in groups of three, in each group two outermost braiding elements 7a, 7c are adapted to be translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, and the central braiding element 7b is stationary. Due to this arrangement, the first straight cables 1 and the spirally twisted cables 2 going out of the outermost braiding elements 7a and 7c are braided in at least 1,5 fold braids around the second straight cable 3 going out of the central braiding element 7b, so that the netting P is formed, which is finally shaped by the drum 8. In each group of the braiding elements 7a, 7b, 7c the straight cables are led through one of the outermost braiding elements 7a (or 7c) and through the central braiding element 7b, while the spirally twisted cable 2 is led through the other of the outermost braiding elements 7c (or 7a). The netting P is then delivered onto the drum provided with the detent elements 9 arranged so as to form trapezoidal meshes.
In a preferred embodiment, in which cables made of steel having tensile strength in the range 900-2900 MPa are used, the spirally twisted cables 2 are being straightened by means of the guide 10 prior to their introduction into the braiding elements. A straightening guide 10 is located in each tube 6 guiding the spirally twisted cable 2 upstream the cooperating braiding element. Considering that high tensile strength cables are stiff and difficult to be twisted, it is preferred to manufacture the netting P in which the slanted sides C of the trapezoids are oriented at an angle in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides A, B of the trapezoids.

Claims

Patent claims A netting for use in particular in protecting soil embankments, made of steel cables, characterized in that it is constructed of trapezoid shaped meshes formed by a plurality of interwoven cables (1, 2, 3) including first straight cables (1) and second straight cables (3) as well as spirally twisted cables (2), the mutually parallel sides (A, B) of the trapezoids being formed by the first straight cables (1) that are oriented in parallel along a longitudinal direction (S) of the netting (P), and the slated sides (C) of the trapezoids being formed by the spirally twisted cables (2) and the second straight cables (3) that are braided in at least 1,5 fold braids around the first straight cables (1). The netting according to claim 1, characterized in that the cables (1, 2, 3) are made of steel having tensile strength in the in the range of 900-2900 MPa. The netting according to claim 1, characterized in that the slanted sides (C) of the trapezoids are oriented at an angle (a) in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides (A, B) of the trapezoids. The netting according to claim 2, characterized in that it forms an elastic three-dimensional structure. The netting according to claim 1 or 2 or 4, characterized in that the cables (1, 2, 3) are made of steel having carbon content falling in the range of 0,3% do 1%. The netting according to claim 1 or 2 or 4, characterized in that it is manufactured of the cables having a zinc-aluminum coating in a minimal amount of 150 g/m2. The netting according to claim 1, characterized in that the cables are selected from a group comprising wires, wire bundles, wire strands and ropes. A device for manufacturing a netting of a plurality of steel cables (1, 2, 3) comprising first straight cables (1) and second straight cables (3) as well as spirally twisted cables (2), the device comprising a cable feeding assembly (4, 5), an assembly of tubes (6) for leading the spirally twisted cables (2), an assembly of braiding elements (7a, 7b, 7c) and a drum (8) provided with detent elements (9), each braiding element (7a, 7b, 7c) being adapted to lead one cable passing therethrough, characterized in that the braiding elements (7a, 7b, 7c) are arranged in groups of three, each group comprising two outermost braiding elements (7a, 7c), one of which leads a first straight cable (1) and the other leads a spirally twisted cable (2), the two outermost braiding elements (7a, 7c) being adapted to be translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, each group further comprising a stationary central braiding element (7b) leading a second straight cable (3), the outermost braiding elements (7a, 7c) being further adapted to braid their outgoing cables (1, 2) in at least 1,5 fold braids around the second straight cable (3) going out of the central braiding element (7b), so that the netting (P) is formed to be finally shaped by
8 the drum (8), the drum detent elements (9) being arranged in such a way that the produced netting (P) has trapezoid shaped meshes. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the drum detent elements (9) are arranged in a such a way that the slanted sides (C) of the trapezoids are oriented at an angle (a) in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides (A, B) of the trapezoids. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that between each tube (6) leading the spirally twisted cables (2) and the braiding element (7a, 7c) cooperating therewith a straightening guide (10) is located. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the straightening guide (10) has a shape of a truncated cone or a cylinder with a truncated cone. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that a guiding groove (11) is provided on the inner side of the straightening guide (10) for assisting the straightening process. The device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the straightening guide (10) is made of a plastic material. A process for manufacturing a netting of steel cables in a device comprising a cable feeding assembly, the cables comprising straight cables and spirally twisted cables, the device further comprising an assembly of tubes for leading the spirally twisted cables, an assembly of braiding elements and a drum provided with detent elements, wherein through each braiding element one cable is led, characterized in that the braiding elements (7a, 7b, 7c) are arranged in groups of three, each group comprising two outermost braiding elements (7a, 7c) adapted to be translated back and forth as well as rotated by 540° alternately with the translations, and a stationary central braiding element (7b), wherein the first straight cable (1) going out of one of the two outermost braiding elements (7a, 7c) and the spirally twisted cable (2) going out of the other of the two outermost braiding elements (7c, 7a), are being braided in at least 1,5 fold braids around the second straight cable (3) going out of the central braiding element (7b), so that the netting (P) is formed having trapezoid shaped meshes, the meshes being finally shaped on the drum detent elements (9). The process according to claim 14, characterized in that the cables (1, 2, 3) made of steel having tensile strength in the in the range of 900-2900 MPa are used, and the spirally twisted cables (2) are being straightened before being introduced into the braiding elements (7a, 7c) by means of a straightening guide (10) located between each tube (6) leading the spirally twisted cables (2) and the braiding element (7a, 7c) cooperating therewith. The process according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the netting (P) is manufactured in which the meshes shaped as trapezoids have the slanted sides (C) oriented at an angle (a) in the range of 39° to 79° in relation to the parallel sides (A, B) of the trapezoids.
9 The process according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the cables (1, 2, 3) are used made of steel having carbon content in the range of 0,3% to 1%. The process according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the cables are used having a zincaluminum coating in a minimal amount of 150 g/m2. The process according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the cables are selected from a group comprising wires, wire bundles, wire strands and ropes.
10
PCT/IB2021/061233 2020-12-04 2021-12-02 Netting for use in particular in protecting soil embankments, device and process for manufacturing such netting WO2022118238A1 (en)

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PLP436290 2020-12-04
PL436290A PL436290A1 (en) 2020-12-04 2020-12-04 Braiding, in particular for securing earth slopes, device for production of braid, and method of manufacturing braid

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WO2022118238A1 true WO2022118238A1 (en) 2022-06-09

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE237207C (en) *
GB191205977A (en) * 1912-03-09 1912-07-25 Fritz Harnischmacher Improvements in Machines for Making Wire Netting.
GB280542A (en) * 1926-11-09 1927-12-22 Rosa Ros Casablancas Improvements in or relating to machines for making wire mesh
DE592129C (en) * 1934-02-01 Wafios A G Maschf Device on wire braiding machines for the production of hexagonal braiding with and without diagonal wires
WO2018146516A1 (en) * 2017-02-09 2018-08-16 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Machine and method for manufacturing a reinforced net and reinforced net
WO2019239220A1 (en) * 2018-06-15 2019-12-19 Odziomek Ryszard A wire netting, a process and a device for manufacturing the wire netting

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE237207C (en) *
DE592129C (en) * 1934-02-01 Wafios A G Maschf Device on wire braiding machines for the production of hexagonal braiding with and without diagonal wires
GB191205977A (en) * 1912-03-09 1912-07-25 Fritz Harnischmacher Improvements in Machines for Making Wire Netting.
GB280542A (en) * 1926-11-09 1927-12-22 Rosa Ros Casablancas Improvements in or relating to machines for making wire mesh
WO2018146516A1 (en) * 2017-02-09 2018-08-16 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Machine and method for manufacturing a reinforced net and reinforced net
WO2019239220A1 (en) * 2018-06-15 2019-12-19 Odziomek Ryszard A wire netting, a process and a device for manufacturing the wire netting

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